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The article discusses an importance of microelectronics and semiconductor industries for the national security applications and use of highly customized digital components by the Defense Department in the U.S. Despite this lack of government funding for the U.S. semiconductor industries for research and development and government's policy for it. It discusses the impact of the government policy on microelectronic industries and consumer technology.

The article discusses the independent research and development (IR&D) money being spent by top aerospace and defense (A&D) companies such as Northrop, Lockheed Martin, and Boeing, focusing on the projects this money is going towards. Other topics include the relationship between customer affordability and technological superiority, studies on IR&D spending, and the evolution of existing products vs. the introduction of new products.

The article discusses the research and development (R&D) spending of midtier aerospace and defense (A&D) companies, such as Harris Corp. and Rockwell Collins, focusing on the advantages of increased spending for companies in this range. Other topics of the article include company's reactions to the changing needs of the U.S. Department of Defense, developments in integrated avionics, and the relationship between commercial and government sectors of A&D companies.

The article reports on the 7.3% increase in the research and development (R&D) spending of the top 50 global investors in chemicals in 2010. Dow Chemical dominated the R&D ranking by spending 1.66 billion U.S. dollars. More than 1.5 billion U.S. dollars in R&D were invested by DuPont, Mitsubishi Chemical and BASF. It cites DSM, Mitsubishi Chemical and Sumitom Chemical as the top R&D firms without major agricultural chemical activities.

The article discusses the 2016 survey conducted by "Chemical & Engineering News" journal into the research and development (R&D) spending of U.S. and European chemical manufacturers. Topics explored include the allotment of budget for R&D by survey respondents, the percentage of chemical firms surveyed that expressed plans to invest in capital projects, and brief details about the R&D spending of companies such as Dow Chemical, Eastman Chemical, and Clariant from 2010 to 2015.

The article reports on the focus of the U.S. Navy research and development funds on advanced weaponry including unmanned water vehicles, directed energy weapons, hypervelocity projectiles, anti-ship missiles, and aircraft carrier-based drones. Other topics discussed include the anti-access/area denied (A2/AD) capabilities of weapons and the building of logistical networks for large-scale deployment of UUVs.

Several charts and diagrams are presented depicting spending for research and development in the U.S. higher education research institutions including California Institute of Technology, University of Michigan and University of Minnesota.

The article discusses the outlook for the Long-Range Strike Bomber (LRS-B) program being contested by Northrop Grumman and the Boeing/Lockheed Martin consortium. It takes note of research and development expenditures to be balanced by U.S. Department of Defense and Air Force acquisition heads Frank Kendall and Bill LaPlante with production run quantity for the bomber. The Northrop Grumman B-2 plane is cited as a case of developmental delay and high unit cost.

The author comments on the need to amend the initial operational capability (IOC) dates set by the U.S. Defense Department for the three versions of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Topics covered include the change in the Block 4 post-IOC upgrade, the idea of accelerating incremental capabilities and the estimated budget allocated for JSF research and development. Also mentioned is the idea of Air Force acquisition chief Bill LaPlante to move toward open architecture.

The author offers opinions on U.S. defense procurement and defense industries. It is stated that the increasing length of time required for the research and development process for items such as nuclear submarines and military airplanes has been created by the financial incentive the complete financing of research and development by the U.S. offers to defense industries firms.

The author offers opinions on U.S. defense industries. Concern is expressed that reductions in appropriations by the U.S. Department of Defense in 2014-2016 could limit the overall spending on research and development by defense industries companies whose profit margins cannot sustain large increases in that spending. Cooperation between the department and defense industries in management of research and development is urged.

The article reports that Special Operations Command (SOCOM) acquisition executive James W. Cluck has stated his concern on the impact of dwindling research-and-development funding on the command's innovation cycle. Speaking at the National Defense Industrial Association's 2012 Special Operations Forces Industry Conference, Cluck explained that declining research and development funding will affect the capability of SOCOM to quickly turn and deploy and test new technologies.

The article discusses the impact of the changing policies and funding in Great Britain on the future of the country's business particularly with the cleanroom industry. According to an issue of a parliamentary publication, British pharmaceutical industry with an annual turnover in excess of 50 billion dollars has grown faster than any sector apart from finance and insurance. It reports that research and development (r&d) spending of the industry came from the contributions of medical charities.

The article discusses how the 2013 U.S. federal government's sequestration fiscal policy and budget cuts affect the funding of independent research and development by defense contractors, as noted by a study by the Fairmont Consulting Group. It focuses on the differences between commercial and government defense sources of funding, and notes that the U.S. Defense Department's spending budget is expected to be lower in 2017 that it was in 1948, as adjusted for constant fiscal dollars in 2013.

The article focuses on research and development projects and finance issues for the European Space Agency (ESA). It states Great Britain committed to a 25 percent increase in ESA spending in 2013-2017 and mentions ESA Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain is urging that Europe must begin work on developing the Ariane 6 rocket due to competition in the global commercial market. It comments Russian space agency Roscosmos is expected to meet with the ESA concerning its involvement in a Mars probe.

The article reports that the aerospace industries firms Boeing Co. and the Brazilian firm Embraer have signed a research and development agreement for commercial aircraft design and construction. An earlier agreement made in March 2012 between the two companies for research and development of biofuels for aviation is noted.

The article reports on funding awards by the U.S. Department of Energy for research and development for advanced nuclear technologies to companies including X Energy LLC, NuScale Power, and BWXT Nuclear Energy, Inc. Areas of development include dynamic natural convection, modeling and optimization of flow and heat transfer in reactor components, and reactor design developments.

The article informs that U.S. Department of Energy is funding 13 projects for research and development of carbon-capture technologies. Topics discussed include use of carbon capture and sequestration in the fossil-fuel industry; efforts of the same for reducing carbon dioxide emissions; and testing technologies for the same.

The article focuses on China competing with U.S. to capture its place as a leader in science and engineering related research & development (R&D) investments. It discusses China is trying expand its technology capabilities with a sustained growth rate while U.S. averages a lower growth rate due to decreasing federal funding for U.S. research.

The article presents the policy statements issued by the American Chemical Society (ACS) as of January 2016. The ACS endorses an energy policy that prioritizes energy efficiency and encourages legislators to restore investments in federal research and development (R&D) funding. The organization also supports investments in business innovations and entrepreneurship.

The article provides an outlook for regulations in the chemical science enterprise in the U.S. in 2016. Observers believe that Congress will not introduce new regulations because of the November 2016 general election. Also presented are research and development budgets for several science funding agencies during the year.

The article reports on the U.S. Marine Corps' research and development budget priorities as of November 2015. These include 21st Century Combined Arms (command and control), unmanned aerial systems, technologies for complex urban environments, high-water speed vessels, logistics and battlefield medicine. It also mentions the published document titled "Expeditionary Force-21."

The article reports development of photocatalysis technology to remove micropollutants from wastewater, and talks of funds awarded to chemical engineer Davide Mattia, Great Britain, ultraviolet (UV) light, and reduction in carbon emissions and toxic by-products.

The article offers suggestions for spending on research and development (R&D) and product development. Topics discussed include the rate of return on R&D investments and the work of Anne Marie Knott, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis, on it; the methods used to determine R&D spending including lean, flexible and Six Sigma management; and the things that should be taken into account when trying to maximize R&D productivity including capital investment, R&D spending, and labor.

The article focuses on the move by the U.S. Defense Department to reorganize its technology shop as it tries to energize its science programs. Topics covered include the sluggish pace of military research and technology development, the impact of budget cuts and short-term funding measures on research and development (R&D) efforts, and its plan to work closely with defense contractors so it is not duplicating R&D initiatives.

The article reports on the 2016 research and development budget proposal of the U.S. government introduced by President Barack Obama on February 2, 2015 which calls for ambitious spending increases for science and technology. The budget proposal includes increases for the Defense, Energy and Health & Human Services Departments but cuts for the Homeland Security. Other agencies that saw budget increase include the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and Commerce.

The article presents the results of the survey conducted by capital allowances specialist Catax Solutions on research and development (R&D) tax break. It states that 77 percent of small and medium-sized engineering firms do not know that tax break exists. It mentions that 36 percent out of the 500 surveyed managers and business owners believe that tax relief is only for high-tech science and drug companies.

The article presents views of several executives including Steven Twork of Bal Seal Engineering Inc., Amy Munice of ALM Communications and Dana Demeo of Intelligent Product Solutions on the medical device development. Topics discussed include identification of the important technologies for design and development, importance of Productization which requires a comprehensive plan of execution, analysis of the need of the product in the market before investment in research and development.

The article discusses the results of the 2012 "EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard," the annual survey by the European Commission which reviews firms with the 1,500 largest research and development (R&D) programs. The survey showed that global R&D spending rose 7.6 percent in 2011. The analysts noted that the 2008 economic crisis affected business innovation and R&D in all countries. The top R&D firms are located in different countries, including the U.S., the European Union, and Japan.

The article presents information on the achievements and work of Bob Joyce, the director of group engineering at the company Jaguar Land Rover. It looks at the company's products in the offing that are the results of the huge investments in research and development and vehicle programs. According to Joyce, reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the most important targets for all original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

The article reports on an increase in federal funding for the U.S. National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) and the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the proposed fiscal 2013 budget. It notes that almost half of the NIST's 14.1% rise in budget would be aimed at supporting efforts in promoting emerging manufacturing challenges in new technology areas. NOAA would receive a 3.1% increase in funding but its overall research and development budget drops by 3.8%.

The article reports on the 24.4% increase in federal funding for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science & Technology Directorate (S&T) under the proposed fiscal 2013 budget. S&T is expected to spend 478 million U.S. dollars on various research and development programs such as biological defense and cybersecurity. A recommendation was issued by the administration of President Barack Obama not to provide new funding for the construction of a biosecurity research lab in Kansas.

The article reports on the 3.2% increase in federal funding for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the proposed fiscal 2013 budget. According to Energy Secretary Steven Chu, a focus on clean and renewable energy research and development (R&D) is one of the underlying themes of the budget proposal. For overall R&D funding, the DOE is seeking 10.3 billion U.S. dollars. The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy program is facing a 27.3% increase in budget.

The article reports on the plan of Bayer CropScience to phase out some older products, increase research and development (R&D) spending, and extend its seed business.

The article reports on the increase in U.S. companies' investment in research and development in 2014, according to data released by the National Science Foundation.

The article reports on the research and development (R&D) funding made by German specialty chemical firm Evonik Industries in 2015.

The article discusses the importance of investments in research and development to improve efficiency and productivity in the produce growing sector in the U.S. Topics covered include the growing competition in the produce market, the responsibility of the research community in finding alternative sources of funding and some of the lessons that can be learned from the article "The Seven Commandments of Funding," by Kevin Starr which was published in the "Funding and Philanthropy" journal.

The article reveals the increase in U.S. federal research and development (R&D) funding in 2014 compared in 2013, according to data released by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The article discusses a report by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) which revealed stronger fiscal year (FY) 2016 funding for major research and development (R&D) science agencies since the FY 2013 sequestration. Topics cited include the move of the U.S. Department of Energy to apply technology programs, the funding for Department of Defense science and technology and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and budget growth for the National Science Foundation.

The article discusses the instability of the U.S. aerospace and defense industry as of 2016 due to the decline of private investments and the decreasing revenues of the company-funded Independent Research and Development (IRAD). Top defense contractors including Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Northrop Grumman have deployed their investments, repurchased stocks and paid out dividends to shareholders in 2014. The decline of defense funding for research, development and evaluation is also noted.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on funding research and development (R&D) for treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis on the August 3, 2015 issue.

The article focuses on increase in business spending on research and development (R&D) in the U.S. in 2013 as per a report from the U.S. National Science Foundation and mentions highest R&D spending in the pharmaceutical production and increase in payments for chemical research at U.S. companies.

The article discusses dissatisfaction of British members of parliament (MP) on the work done by innovation agency Innovate UK, the public body in charge of industrial research & development (R&D) grants. Topics discussed include a report which shows that most of the MP's don't know about the Innovate UK and its effectiveness; the lack of recognition of Innovate UK due to its name change from the Technology Strategy Board (TSB); and a report from Innovate UK on funding on R&D projects.

The article reports on the methodology developed by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis as of July 2015 that treats expenditures in research and development as investment when estimating U.S. gross domestic product and other national income and product account statistics.

The article reports that food self-sufficiency of Great Britain and mentions that British farmers provide 60 percent of nation's food. It states that the crop yield has been plateaued following the decline in research & development (R&D) spending from 2002 to 2010. It also mentions that British farmers will be forced to import over half of the food by 2040 is the British government ignores British food production.

The article reports on the budget increase for research and development of the U.S. Energy Department for 2016 as outlined in the budget proposal of President Barack Obama on February 2, 2015.

The article reports that Bayer AG, a chemical and pharmaceutical company, expects 4.4 billion dollars on research and development (R&D) activities in 2014 and mentions that Bayer Healthcare accounts for 70 percent of R&D spending.

The article focuses on a report by the National Science Foundation of the U.S. which shows that allocation for federal research and development (R&D) spending by the U.S. Congress has been increased by 2.4 percent in fiscal 2014 to 136 million dollars as compared with the previous fiscal year.

The article reports on funding from CoorsTek, ceramics firm, and the Coors family to the Colorado School of Mines for development of a science and engineering center for Applied Science & Engineering on the school's campus in Golden, Colorado.

The article reports on the plans of chemical maker BASF SE to raise its research spending outside Europe so it accounts for half of the total spending on research and development (R&D) by 2020.