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Researchers from Emory University School of Medicine conducted a study on Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the alteration of the plasma proteome in individuals with the condition. By utilizing heparin-affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, they identified specific proteins in the plasma that correlated with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. The study found that a panel of five plasma proteins could classify Alzheimer's disease from control individuals with high accuracy, suggesting the potential of the heparin-enriched plasma proteome as a diagnostic tool. The research highlights the complex interplay between brain and plasma proteins in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the use of Thermolysin as a proteolytic enzyme to enhance proteomic analysis in ovarian cancer extracellular vesicles. By comparing Thermolysin and Trypsin/LysC digests, researchers found that Thermolysin increased peptide complexity and identified unique proteins associated with metastatic solid cancers, such as Ly6E and NODAL. The study suggests that Thermolysin complements traditional enzymes to provide a more comprehensive proteomic landscape for biomarker discovery in ovarian cancer. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of Leiomodin 1 (LMOD1) in myogenic differentiation, a process crucial for muscle regeneration. Through mass spectrometry, researchers identified LMOD1 as a key regulator that influences the formation of myotubes. The study suggests that LMOD1 interacts with the deacetylase SIRT1, impacting the expression of target genes essential for myogenic differentiation. This research may offer insights into improving muscle regeneration in aging and disease conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Uppsala University conducted a study on the relationship between circulating proteins and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack. The study, which included both men and women, identified 45 proteins associated with incident MI, with 13 of these associations being sex-specific, primarily among women. The findings suggest new and confirmed associations between proteins and MI, highlighting potential sex-specific patterns in these relationships. The study utilized cohort-based and Mendelian randomization analyses to explore these connections. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences conducted a proteomic analysis of the fasting heart to understand the molecular basis of fasting-induced cardioprotection. They identified 4,652 proteins, with significant changes in processes such as lipid metabolism, the peroxisome pathway, and reactive oxygen species metabolism. The study highlighted the complex regulation of the cardioprotective HIF-1 signaling pathway during fasting, with insights into differential responses of HIF-1 targets. The research findings were published in Frontiers in Physiology and provide valuable insights into the effects of fasting on heart health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Louisiana State University School of Medicine examined the protein composition of circulating extracellular vesicles in hypertensive mice, revealing insights into potential biomarkers for hypertension treatment. The research highlighted significant differences in protein expression between male and female mice, with implications for diabetic cardiomyopathy signaling pathways. The study suggests a correlation between miR-410-3p and CCNB1 in hypertension, and emphasizes the importance of further exploration of these alterations in salt-sensitive hypertension. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the impact of the ADRB2 Thr164Ile variant on lung function and other phenotypes in the UK Biobank. The variant is associated with reduced lung function, increased eosinophil counts, and changes in blood lipid measurements. Proteins associated with the variant are linked to immune and lipid metabolism pathways, but not to COPD or asthma. Rare coding variants of ADRB2 are not found to be associated with lung function. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Taihe Hospital discusses research on gastrointestinal diseases and conditions, focusing on identifying serum proteins linked with these ailments through proteome-wide Mendelian randomization analysis. The study found associations between specific circulating proteins and conditions such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, and cholelithiasis. The research aims to enhance the understanding of molecular pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic targets for these gastrointestinal disorders. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Copenhagen focused on deep proteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from pediatric patients with central nervous system cancer. The research aimed to optimize the proteome analysis workflow to extract detailed proteome information from limited CSF resources. By applying sequential ultracentrifugation and other methods, the study was able to quantify a significant increase in proteins compared to traditional methods. This research has been peer-reviewed and offers valuable insights into biomarkers and therapeutic targets for pediatric central nervous system malignancies. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of autoantibodies in predicting spontaneous preterm delivery, which is a leading cause of global mortality in children under age five. Through proteome-wide autoantibody profiling, researchers identified autoreactivities associated with imminent preterm delivery in maternal sera across four cohorts of human pregnancy. The study found that spontaneous preterm pregnancies exhibit greater proteome-wide autoreactivity, with enrichment for pathways critical for normal pregnancy outcomes, including vascular development, reproductive hormones, and regulators of inflammation. The findings suggest potential utility for serologic diagnostics in stratifying the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery and managing IL1? during pregnancy. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Virginia have made significant advancements in understanding Coxsackievirus through proteome-wide copy-number estimation from transcriptomics. By analyzing mRNA and protein data for thousands of genes in various cell lines, they developed a model that links mRNA to protein levels accurately. This research has implications for identifying viral-receptor abundance thresholds for susceptibility to Coxsackievirus and reclassifying tumor subtypes, particularly in breast cancer. The study, published in Molecular Systems Biology, highlights the potential of their method, Pinferna, to improve systems biology models and accurately predict protein abundance. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation focused on the proteome and its relation to first-trimester preeclampsia. The study identified ten serum proteins that could potentially serve as early markers for preeclampsia, with a highly effective Support Vector Machine (SVM) model developed to predict the condition. The findings suggest that serum protein-based SVM models offer superior utility in the early detection and risk stratification of preeclampsia compared to routine first-trimester screening tests. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study analyzed plasma proteins in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) to identify new biomarkers and disease pathways. The research found 13 plasma proteins associated with SVD characteristics, including synaptic function and endothelial integrity. These proteins were also linked to dementia risk and differentially expressed in conditions like cerebral atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests two plasma proteins, oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMG) and neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR), as potential biomarkers for elevated SVD volume and its clinical effects. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint study published in Gene Therapy Weekly discusses the potential for UBE3A reinstatement as a therapeutic strategy for Angelman Syndrome (AS). AS is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with limited treatment options. The study focused on a mouse model that mimics AS subtypes caused by imprinting center defects or uniparental disomy of chromosome 15. The researchers found that genetic UBE3A overexpression and treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide resulted in the reinstatement of UBE3A and a partial or complete rescue of behavioral and proteome alterations. These findings suggest that UBE3A loss is a primary factor in AS phenotypes and highlight the potential of UBE3A reinstatement as a therapeutic approach. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University have conducted a study to identify potential therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using proteome-wide analyses and Mendelian randomization techniques, the researchers found correlations between three circulating proteins (Transcription elongation factor A protein 2, Neuregulin-4, and Glucokinase regulatory protein) and CKD risk, as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate. The study provides valuable insights into potential targets for drug discovery in the context of CKD. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research conducted in Macao, People's Republic of China, on predicting the binding of ligands to the human proteome through reverse-docking methods. The study aimed to understand the interactions between ligands and potential protein targets in the human body, which can aid in drug repositioning and evaluating off-target effects or toxic side effects of drugs. The researchers constructed 11 reverse docking pipelines and benchmarked their predictive capabilities. The results showed that one pipeline, Glide_SFCT (PS), exhibited the best target prediction performance, narrowing down potential targets within the human proteome and laying a foundation for drug target prediction and toxicity assessment. The research has the potential to accelerate the identification of new therapeutic agents and improve drug safety. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University in China focused on personalized medicine for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The researchers used proteomic analyses and genetic tools to identify potential therapeutic targets for acne. They found that fatty acid synthase (FASN) exhibited a protective effect against acne, while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 4 (TIMP4) was associated with an increased risk. These findings provide a foundation for the development of targeted acne treatments aligned with personalized medicine principles. Further validation through clinical research is needed. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a new approach called Integral-Omics, which allows for the extraction and profiling of multiple types of biological molecules from a single biopsy-level tissue specimen. The method was tested on samples from patients with colorectal cancer and revealed suppressed ferroptosis pathway in tumor tissues. This study presents a methodology that enables sequential extraction and profiling of metabolomics, lipidomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics using biopsy tissue specimens. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by the University of Puerto Rico has revealed the molecular adaptations of the coral species Orbicella faveolata to thermal stress caused by seasonal temperature variations. The study found that even a small increase in temperature can significantly impact the expression of proteins associated with stress responses, metabolism, immunity, and apoptosis in the coral. The research provides valuable insights into how corals physiologically respond to changing temperatures and can contribute to efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change on coral reefs. The full article can be accessed for free through the provided link. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota has found that habitual physical activity (PA) can impact the plasma proteome and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study used a large-scale proteome-wide approach to identify plasma proteins associated with PA and determine which of these may be causally related to lower T2D risk. The researchers found that neuronal growth regulator 1 (NeGR1) was independently associated with incident T2D and that higher levels of NeGR1 were associated with a reduced risk of T2D. This suggests that NeGR1 may link PA exposure with metabolic outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the interplay between PA, NeGR1, adiposity, and metabolic health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Washington aimed to examine the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations and HDL functionality in individuals with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). The researchers isolated five different HDL subpopulations and measured the relative molar concentration of HDL-associated proteins. They found that the protein composition of each HDL subpopulation was altered in CHD cases compared to controls, and the functionality of small and large HDL particles correlated with the protein content of specific apolipoproteins. The study provides new information about the role of HDL in CHD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study investigated the plasma proteome of individuals with repetitive head impact exposure (RHI) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The researchers used proximity extension assay to analyze plasma proteins in RHI patients, individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy controls. They found that RHI was associated with differential abundance of proteins related to immune response, mitochondrial function, and cell metabolism. These proteomic signatures were also correlated with cognitive function and neuropathological burden. The study suggests that these proteins could potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers and aid in therapeutic development for individuals at risk of dementia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Santiago de Compostela in Spain examined the impact of smoking on the subgingival proteome in patients with periodontitis. The study analyzed gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from 40 periodontitis subjects and found that while smoking did not significantly modify the overall GCF proteome associated with periodontitis, it did alter the expression of several proteins compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. Smoking was found to increase the expression of proteins related to epithelial hyperkeratinization, but underexpressed multiple immunoglobulins. The study provides new data on the relationship between smoking and periodontitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) explores the potential of using proteins found in the skin mucus of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) as non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring the welfare of octopuses in captivity. The study compared the protein profiles in the skin mucus of wild, aquarium-maintained, and senescent octopuses, identifying potential biomarkers and bioactive peptides. This research provides valuable insights into the skin mucus proteome of the common octopus and highlights the potential of using skin mucus protein/peptides as biomarkers in cultured animals. The study was supported by various funding sources, including the European Union Nextgenerationeu and the European Maritime And Fisheries Fund. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China discusses new research findings on the interactions between potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the human proteome. The study used a highly accurate 3D protein structure prediction method called AlphaFold2 to explore over 60 million interactions between human proteins and 1251 chemicals. The researchers found distinct protein profiles associated with different types of pollutants, such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalate-like chemicals. The study provides insights into the toxicity pathways of various pollutants and offers new perspectives for the development of models to understand their impact on human health. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the impact of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) on the molecular mechanisms of transplanted kidneys. The study found that the addition of NMP after organ preservation resulted in changes to the renal proteome, including increased fibrosis and reprogramming of metabolism. These findings were supported by single cell transcriptomics data, which indicated an enrichment of fibroblast proteins in kidneys with NMP. Despite these molecular changes, the filtration function of the kidneys remained unchanged. The study suggests that while NMP may have benefits, careful evaluation of protocols is necessary to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Amsterdam University Medical Center provides new insights into abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The researchers aimed to understand the cell-specific mechanisms involved in AAA pathophysiology by analyzing the (phospho)proteome of vascular smooth muscle cells derived from patients with AAA compared to healthy donors. The study revealed changes in the expression and phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in various processes responsible for AAA progression and development, such as energy metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, actin cytoskeleton organization, contractility, intracellular communication, and cell adhesion. These findings offer the opportunity to study the relevance of these proteins as potential drug targets or biomarkers for AAA development. [Extracted from the article]

A recent article in Vaccine Weekly discusses a comprehensive computational analysis of the mutational landscape of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) proteome. The study reconstructed the mutational landscapes of 171 MPXV proteins using advanced mutational effect predictors and evaluated the predicted structures with various metrics. The researchers identified several mutation-sensitive proteins, including membrane-associated proteins that are important for viral interactions with hosts. This analysis provides valuable information for assessing the impact of new MPXV variants and guiding therapeutic strategies. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) examined the antibody responses in survivors of Marburg virus infection. The study found that the antibody repertoire generated by the infection was diverse and long-lasting, but did not provide neutralizing effects against the virus. The researchers also identified a specific region of the virus, known as the wing domain, that could be targeted for vaccine development. These findings could potentially contribute to the development of effective therapeutics and vaccines against Marburg virus. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study analyzed urine samples from febrile patients using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify virus protein fragments. The study detected specific peptide segments from various viruses, including monkeypox virus, saliva virus A, human herpesvirus 8 type P, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and influenza A and B viruses, among others. Some viruses showed significantly higher detection levels in febrile patients compared to controls. The study suggests that urine proteomics analysis can provide clues for investigating the cause of fever in patients and may be applicable to exploring unknown diseases. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the proteome changes in skeletal muscle with resistance training in a sex- and fiber type-specific manner. The study found that after 8 weeks of resistance training, there were significant remodeling and adaptations in the human skeletal muscle proteome, with type II fibers exhibiting greater adaptations across both sexes. Additionally, there were sex differences in the remodeling of intermediate filaments in females. The study suggests that translational capacity may partially explain differences in resistance training-induced hypertrophy. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the biochemical and neurophysiological effects of a deficiency in the mitochondrial import protein TIMM50. The study found that a mutation in TIMM50 led to decreased levels of TIM23 core proteins, but did not significantly impact the levels of most mitochondrial proteome substrates. However, there were decreases in components of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ribosome complexes, leading to declined respiration rates, reduced ATP levels, and defective mitochondrial trafficking. Additionally, TIMM50 deficiency in mice neuronal cells was associated with increased electrical activity and reduced levels of plasma membrane potassium channels, potentially contributing to epileptic phenotypes. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research on neuroblastomas, a type of childhood cancer. The study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on tumor proteome profile in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma. The researchers found that regular exercise altered the abundance of hundreds of intratumoral proteins and molecular pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise in high-risk neuroblastoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) focused on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a type of kidney cancer. The study utilized transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and proteome-wide association studies (PWASs) to identify genes and proteins associated with RCC. The researchers found 38 gene associations and 13 associated proteins, some of which were specific to certain subtypes of RCC. The study also revealed genetic contributions shared between RCC and other common cancers, as well as RCC risk factors. This research provides potential molecular targets for further investigation into RCC susceptibility. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia has identified 43 risk genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The study utilized an omnibus proteome-wide association study (PWAS) pipeline that incorporated multiple statistical models to improve performance and power. The researchers analyzed proteomic data from postmortem brains of individuals of European ancestry and identified 43 risk genes, including 5 that had not been previously identified. The study also validated causal genetic effects mediated through the proteome for 27 of the risk genes. The findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms of AD dementia and offer potential targets for therapeutic development. The research has been peer-reviewed and can be easily applied to studying other complex diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the molecular changes that occur in human insulin-secreting beta-cells prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study used an unbiased proteomics approach to identify changes in proteins and potential mechanisms of islet dysfunction in pre-symptomatic stage 1 T1D cases. The results showed alterations in the immune response, glycolysis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and protein translation and synthesis. These findings provide insights into the progression and pathogenesis of T1D and serve as a resource for future studies on beta cell changes during T1D. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine aimed to investigate the tear proteome in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to healthy controls. The study found that there were 239 tear proteins that were differentially expressed in children with T1D compared to healthy controls, with many of them being involved in the immune response, tissue homeostasis, and inflammation. The presence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis and the level of glycemic control of children with T1D influenced the tear proteome. This research offers insights into the deregulated biological processes underlying the pathogenesis of T1D and could potentially lead to the identification of biomarkers for early detection of long-term complications of T1D. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) in cancer cells. ERAP1 metabolizes peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum and influences the peptide repertoire available for binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I molecules. The study used genetic silencing and an ERAP1 inhibitor to investigate changes in the immunopeptidome and proteome of melanoma and leukemia cell lines. The findings suggest that modulation of ERAP1 activity can lead to unique immunopeptidomes and also induce changes in the cellular proteome and metabolic state, potentially affecting tumor cells. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract discusses the potential use of Zika virus (ZIKV) peptides in immunotherapy for brain tumors. The study found that ZIKV infects and kills aggressive cancer cells in brain tumors, and T cell recruitment into ZIKV-infected brain tumors is well-documented. The researchers used a combined LC-MS/MS global proteome and immunopeptidome approach to identify ZIKV peptides presented on the surface of infected brain tumor cells. They identified several ZIKV peptides that could potentially be used to develop novel immunotherapies for brain tumors. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Chinese University of Hong Kong have published a study on Mycobacterium marinum, a pathogenic bacterium. The study focused on the PE/PPE proteins secreted by the ESX-5 type VII secretion system, which are important for the bacterium's survival and interaction with hosts. The researchers used endoproteinase AspN and trypsin to identify and characterize these proteins. They were able to identify a significant portion of the PE/PPE proteins encoded in the bacterium's genome and found potential PE/PE_PGRS protein pairs. The study provides insights into the expression and localization of these proteins. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the importance of studying the protein corona, which is the biomolecular coating that forms on the surface of nanoparticles when exposed to a biological environment. The study emphasizes the need to understand causality in order to predict how changes in nanoparticle properties or biological conditions will affect protein corona composition and nanoparticle interactions with biosystems. The researchers explore the concept of causality to mathematically prove how various small molecules spiked into plasma can induce diverse protein corona patterns on identical nanoparticles. The findings suggest that phosphatidylcholine was the cause of an observed increase in the proteomic depth of the plasma sample. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent preprint abstract discusses a new strategy for identifying peptidoglycan hydrolases, which are enzymes that can degrade the cell walls of bacteria. These enzymes, derived from bacteriophages, show promise as alternatives to traditional antibiotics due to their ability to directly target bacteria and their low risk of resistance development. The researchers used a lysin-derived antimicrobial peptide to screen bacterial proteomes and identified five peptidoglycan hydrolases from Acinetobacter baumannii. Two of these enzymes, PHAb10 and PHAb11, demonstrated potent bactericidal activity against multiple pathogens even after exposure to high temperatures. The crystal structures of these enzymes were also determined, revealing a unique folding-refolding thermodynamic scheme for PHAb10. This study provides new insights for the discovery of antimicrobial drugs. [Extracted from the article]

A new report on gastric cancer has been published by a researcher at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University in Zhangjiakou, China. The report discusses the importance of acquiring biological data with single-cell resolution and spatial information in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease progression. The use of spatial multi-omics technology, which characterizes biological data in tissue samples while retaining their spatial context, has played a vital role in studying tumor biology, including tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. The report provides an overview of spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and spatial metabolomics-related technologies and their application in digestive tumor diseases, with the aim of fostering research and implementation of spatial multi-omics technology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on obesity, a complex condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The study focused on the impact of maternal diet on the adipose tissue composition of female mice and found that a high-fat diet in mothers resulted in offspring with differentially expressed proteins related to lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, immune response, and cancer. The research provides valuable insight into how maternal obesity affects the health of offspring. The study utilized a detergent-compatible sample preparation strategy to analyze the adipose proteome. [Extracted from the article]

A study published in the journal mAbs by Integral Molecular reveals that up to one-third of antibody-based drugs exhibit nonspecific binding to unintended targets. This off-target drug binding is a serious concern as it can cause adverse events and even death in patients. The study emphasizes the need for more rigorous testing and suggests that early specificity testing could improve drug approvals and patient safety. The research challenges the long-held belief in the absolute specificity of antibodies and highlights the importance of technologies like the Membrane Proteome Array (MPA) in assessing antibody specificity and de-risking drug development. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China has identified potential therapeutic targets for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The study used Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses to examine the causal relationship between plasma proteins and DKD. The researchers identified 21 blood proteins that may be associated with DKD, with 12 of them showing a causal relationship. Four of these proteins were confirmed through external validation. The study suggests that targeting these proteins could be a promising approach for treating DKD and calls for further clinical investigations. [Extracted from the article]