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Building up and an investigating the efficiency of the cost-effective modified graphite for hybrid supercapacitor application is fascinating due to an extraordinary performance of graphite in battery application in day-to-day life about past decades. The metal oxides (Fe, Co, Ni) embedded in graphite was synthesized through the facile ultrasonication-assisted technique. Fe–Co–Ni deposited on graphite (Fe–Co–Ni-G) was studied structurally and morphologically by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses. The electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis were revealed the supercapacitor performance of Fe–Co–Ni-G composite. The superior calculated areal capacitance of Fe–Co–Ni-G was 1355 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 which was higher than single metal deposited graphite (Fe-G 490 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2) composite. EIS study supported the higher diffusion process of Fe–Co–Ni-G directed to higher supercapacitor performance that is possible for day-to-day life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth complexes have gained attention in recent years for their remarkable luminescence properties, especially their long lifetimes, clear emission bands, and significant luminous quantum efficiency. In the ultraviolet area, the lanthanide ions exhibit relatively tiny absorption. The current investigation systematically portrays the tailoring of the micro-structural, opto-electonic and defect related features of the sol-gel derived pristine and rare earth element-samarium (Sm3+) substituted tin oxide (SnO 2) i.e., Sn 1- x Sm x O 2 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 & 0.3) nanoparticles (NPs). The structural, optical, electronic, morphological, photo-induced luminescence and defects related characteristics of the NPs were explored as a function of samarium (Sm3+) substitution level. In-depth analysis of the structure-property correlation of the Sn 1- x Sm x O 2 NPs is the goal of this study, focusing especially on the properties related to vacancy evolution and luminescence. The elemental mapping results revealed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS) technique confirmed that the Sm-substitution is distributed uniformly throughout the NPs. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies corroborate that the Sm3+ substitution in the SnO 2 matrix causes the decrease in crystallite size of the NPs and increase in the dislocation density. A monotonic increase in lattice strain has been observed using the Williamson – Hall (W – H) approach, which is in line with the NPs' increased dislocation density and decreased crystallite size with the Sm3+ substitution level. The presence of vacancy-type defects inside the NPs was demonstrated by positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopic measurements, and a decrease in defects was noticed as the level of Sm3+ substitution increased. To explore the optical characteristics and the evolution of the energy band gap with Sm3+ substitution level, the optical absorption (OA) spectroscopic measurement was carried out. As the Sm-substitution level rises, the optical energy band gap of the substituted SnO 2 NPs widens relative to that of pure SnO 2 NPs. The existence of various absorbance bands corresponding to the atomic vibrations within the NPs were investigated by the Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic technique. The photo-induced fluorescence (FL) emission spectroscopic analysis evidenced that the defect density decreased as the Sm-substitution level increased, which is in accordance with the PAL spectroscopic studies. The FL spectra showed the two typical near band edge (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE) peaks of the NPs. The proportion of different defects and vacancies associated with the FL emission transitions are portrayed as Pie-chart diagrams. The tailored NPs can establish to be effective candidates for possible spintronic and optoelectronic applications including magneto-optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As traditional non-renewable energy sources become scarcer, researchers are exploring effective strategies for producing sustainable and renewable energy. Oxygen evolution reaction through electrocatalytic water splitting (EC-OER) on the surface of a semiconductor has drawn much more attention in the worldwide as it has the principal role towards the several kind of energy applications viz. fuel cell, metal-ion rechargeable batteries and water oxidation. It is extremely difficult to develop eco-friendly, plentiful, and cost-effective nanomaterials as catalysts in order to achieve high efficiency of hydrogen production through water splitting. Furthermore, hierarchical nanostructures will become more valuable in future energy conversion applications due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Herein, we have synthesized total six different kinds of multi-metal-doped porous silica nanomaterials by utilizing the combination of nickel, iridium, and ruthenium metal slats in order to explore them as potential catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation process. We present a simple strategy to synthesize multi-metal-doped silica materials with spherical morphology, deploying a cation surfactant template (CTAB) as a structure directing agent in water-ethanol solvent mixtures. These materials are thoroughly characterized with the help of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), UV–Vis, FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), nitrogen-sorption isotherm, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The particles are 550–600 nm in size with a fine-looking spherical morphology and surface area in the range of 111–419 m2/g. Among all of these metal-silica, Ni–Ir–Ru-doped mesoporous silica particles (NIRS) exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (100 mA/cm2 current density@0.5V) with long-term durability up to 10 h, and the Tafel slope is also very low (∼68 mV/dec) in 1 M KOH medium. The excellent electrical conductivity of Ni–Ir–Ru-doped silica makes it a superior electrocatalyst due to its spherical morphology, synergistic effects of the multi metallic components, and its hierarchical nanoporous structure. [Display omitted] • A facile method for multi-metal-doped mesoporous silica was developed. • The particle sizes were 550–600 nm and surface area were up to 419 m2/g. • Multi-metal-doped mesoporous silica particles were spherical particles. • NIRS generated 100 mA/cm2 and current density@0.5V during OER in pH=14. • NIRS exhibited high durability up to 10 h with Tafel slope of 68 mV/dec in pH=14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li–CdS/TiO 2 nanocomposite with different composition 10Li–CdS/TiO 2 , 20Li–CdS/TiO 2 , 30Li–CdS/TiO 2 , 40Li–CdS/TiO 2 , 50Li–CdS/TiO 2 were coated on FTO surface by using doctor blade followed by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. As synthesized Li–CdS/TiO 2 photoanode is characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL). FE-SEM analysis suggests that, Li–CdS/TiO 2 film is 10.2 μm thick, porous, spongy and uniformly covered on FTO surface. The HR-TEM images reveal that the CdS nanoparticles are in intimate contact with the TiO 2 nanocrystal shells with the CdS/TiO 2 interfaces and the particle size of CdS and Li 2 S lies in the range of 20 nm–50 nm. UV-DRS analysis shows that, as the loading of Li in CdS/TiO 2 films increases, there is decrease in band gap energy. The XPS analysis supports the presence of Li+ in Li–CdS/TiO 2 nanocomposite. The PL spectra suggest that, with the increase in extend of Li+ ions into Li–CdS/TiO 2 , intensity of green emission band increases and it is shifted to higher wavelength. This reflects the low recombination rate of photo generated charge carrier in Li–CdS/TiO 2 which is responsible for higher photocatalytic H 2 production. The visible light photoanodic performance of Li–CdS/TiO 2 was investigated for H 2 evolution using aqueous Na 2 SO 3 and Na 2 S solution under natural sunlight. Among the all-synthesized nanocomposite material, the highest amount of hydrogen produced over 20Li–CdS/TiO 2 was found to be 38.61 ml/g/h in natural sunlight. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of Li–CdS/TiO 2 was examined. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic hydrogen generation is also discussed. • Li–CdS/TiO 2 function as photocatalyst cum photoanode during solar water splitting. • Li–CdS/TiO 2 photoanode was synthesized by doctor blade followed by SILAR method. • Li–CdS/TiO 2 photoanode produces excellent H 2 as compare to TiO 2 and CdS/TiO 2. • In natural sunlight, 38.69 ml/g/h H 2 were evolved over 20Li–CdS/TiO 2. • 20Li–CdS/TiO 2 shows excellent transfer kinetics in PEC water splitting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel cobalt-doped cerium oxide (CeO2)on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) substrate was successfully prepared through a hydrothermal method. The comprehensive characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite involved X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Raman spectrum analysis, High Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The effective surface area of CeO2/rGO and Co-CeO2/rGO was determined using the Randles-Sevecik equation, revealing values of 4.02X10-5 cm2 and 6.35X10-5 cm 2, respectively. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was employed to investigate the electrochemical reversibility behavior, demonstrating promising results for Co-CeO2/rGO nanocomposite. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) further highlighted low charge transfer resistance (Rct) and enhanced double-layer capacitance (Cdl). Notably, the synthesized nanocomposite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for methanol and formic acid oxidation in an acidic medium. Overall, this work provides valuable insights into the synthesis characterization, and electrochemical performance of Co-CeO2/rGO nanocomposite, showcasing their potential applications in energy-related processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of nanoparticles with varied size, shape and composition has stretched the limits of nanotechnology in almost any field. One of the important areas of interest is the use of nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysis, whereby it offers an advantage by providing large surface area. Our present work focussed on the development of a graphene-based nanocatalyst (Pd@NGO) as an efficient tool to study various organic transformations. The prepared mesoporous catalyst was characterised by X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images showed the light grey sheets of N-GO on which Pd(0) nanoparticles were immobilised. BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous texture of the designed nanocatalyst by giving the surface area of 12.933 m2 g−1 with a pore volume and average pore diameter of 0.020685 cm3 g−1 and 6.39 nm, respectively. Also, FTIR data affirmed the presence of a characteristic C–N peak near 1271 cm−1 showing successful doping of nitrogen over graphene oxide. The XPS data revealed the presence of various elements like carbon (C 1s), nitrogen (N 1s), oxygen (O 1s) and Pd 3d. The prepared nanocatalyst was explored in Suzuki coupling reaction under green conditions, reduction of nitro compounds and the photodegradation of methyl orange with a degradation efficiency of 98.77%. The photodegradation of dyes is viewed as a potential method for the treatment of industrial wastewater due to its low cost, ecologically acceptable procedure, and lack of secondary contamination. Through direct photodegradation or a degradation process involving sensitization, this approach exhibits the light-enhanced creation of charge carriers and reactive radicals that non-selectively break down a variety of organic dyes into water, CO2, and other organic molecules. Moreover, Pd@NGO shows excellent stability and can be used multiple times, and hence possesses efficient reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers have shifted their interest towards eco‐friendly, cost effective, and environmental‐based metal oxide nanoparticles. Herein, Cu2O nanoparticles are synthesized via green method for water splitting application. The prepared materials are characterized structurally and morphologically by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Raman, and UV–visible spectroscopy. It is found that size and morphology depend strongly on OLE concentration and reaction time. The temperature increase leads to the formation of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, which exhibit quantum confinement behavior and have an optical band gap that increases with decreasing size. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests of the coated graphite with Cu2O nanoparticles show a severe instability of Cu2O under irradiation due to the oxidation state that can easily change. For that, a protective overlayer of cuprous sulfide Cu2S is successfully grown on the top of Cu2O nanostructures to stabilize the photocathode. After Cu2S deposition, the measured photocurrent is significantly improved. Thus, this material is very promising for hydrogen generation by water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work studies the influence of the 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2-HEAA) ionic liquid (IL) as an electrolyte in the electrochemical anodization of titanium for the synthesis of nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Different 2-HEAA IL concentrations were used ranging from 0 to 4% v/v (IL-0 to IL-4) in electrolytes containing NH 4 F, water and ethylene glycol. Morphological, structural and electrochemical characterization of the nanostructures was carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis. Additionally, photoelectrochemical tests were carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of these materials as catalysts for water splitting applications. According to the obtained results, the electrolyte used for electrochemical anodization should contain little amount of NH 4 F (0.05 M) in order to obtain efficient nanostructures for photoelectrochemical purposes. However, small concentrations of IL (IL-0.25) resulted in nanostructures with higher photocurrents than doubling the NH 4 F concentration to 0.1 M. Therefore, the IL addition contributes to a more sustainable electrolyte formulation. The best photoelectrochemical response for water splitting processes was obtained for the nanostructures anodized with 1% v/v of 2-HEAA IL (IL-1) due to their high surface/area (higher pore diameters, smaller nanotubes wall thickness and higher nanotubes lengths), better crystallinity and electrochemical response, showing photocurrents more than 100% higher than the ones obtained for the nanotubes anodized without IL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was focused on green synthesis of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Trigonella foenum‐graceum L. seed extract belonging to specific variety HM (Hisar Mukta) 425, optimizing the different experimental conditions required for the formation and stability of AgNPs. UV‐Vis spectroscopy, Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterise the synthesised AgNPs. The average size of AgNPs was found to be 22 nm and were spherical in shape. Additionally, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has listed nitrophenols as a priority pollutant, and biosynthesized AgNPs can catalytically convert them into less harmful aminophenols. One example of a reaction where AgNPs are used as a catalyst is the conversion of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol, which acts as a bridge for many analgesics and antipyretic medications. Hence, the study is anticipated to have a significant impact on the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an aim to combine the catalytic properties of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with the excellent characteristics of porous layered double hydroxides (LDH), in the present study, four different catalysts (Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiMgAlLDH, Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiMgLDH, Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiAlLDH and Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiLDH) were synthesized by supporting Pd NPs onto four different Fe3O4‐LDH supports, which were synthesized by varying the metals in LDH. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was studied for Suzuki coupling and reductive degradation of dyes. Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiMgLDH outperformed the other catalysts in both reactions. The synthesized catalysts were examined via different characterization techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), energy dispersive X‐ray mapping (SEM–EDX mapping), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). On the basis of results obtained from XPS and the experimental data, Fe3O4‐CoTiMgLDH was found to be the support of choice as it not only stabilized the Pd0 NPs but also increased the electron density on the anchored Pd0 species, which enhanced the catalytic activity of Pd/Fe3O4‐CoTiMgLDH for studied organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum doped magnesium-zinc spinel ferrite samples were synthesized by the simple co-precipitation method with composition M g 0.5 Z n 0.5 F e 2 − x L a x O 4 (x = 0,0.025,0.05,0.075 a n d 0.1). The synthesized ferrite samples were investigated using by powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effect of the La3+ ion doping on the crystallite size and lattice parameter of the material has been discussed. The crystallite size for all the samples were found to be in the range of 7–12 nm. The percentage porosity and percentage crystallinity of all the samples were found to be in the range of 49–50% and 80–85% respectively. In the frequency region of 400–600 cm−1 two absorption bands attributed to the T d and O h sites of the spinel ferrite have been observed. FTIR band spectra shift from lower to higher region with La3+ ion doping. Agglomeration of the particles is observed in the FE-SEM and HR-TEM images. Additional impurities except carbon are not present in the sample which is confirmed by EDS analysis. EPR analysis shows a decrease in the g-value from 2.18 to 2.12 for the synthesized samples with La3+ ion doping. The resonance field for synthesized sample shifts to higher magnetic field which may be due to ferromagnetic interaction caused by La3+ ion doping. The maximum spin concentration (1.508 × 1021 spin/g) and the relaxation time (4.132 × 10−11 s−1) was observed for the MZL2 composition. Magnetization curve shows the typical superparamagnetic nature of synthesized samples. The calculated squareness value of the synthesized sample refers to the magnetostatic interaction among particles. The obtained coercive field value is low which makes these materials suitable for ferrofluids and hyperthermia treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a magnetically separated photocatalyst with great efficiency CuCe-Ferrite/TiO2 composite was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transformer infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Single-phase cubic spinel was formed by calcining the prepared sample at a temperature of 550 °C, according to the results. Different concentrations of reactive red 250 (RR250) dye photodegradation was evaluated using different doses of CuCe-ferrite/ TiO2 and TiO2 NPs. Higher efficiency of RR250 photodegradation up to 100% was obtained using CuCe-ferrite/ TiO2. The photodegradation efficiency was confirmed using chemical oxygen demand (COD) test of both treated and untreated samples. The oxidation process was mostly mediated by photogenerated .O2− according to scavenger test results. The catalyst possess higher photodegradation efficiency even after regeneration for ten times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured MFe 2 O 4 (M = Co and Zn) ferrites have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) as a precipitating agent at a moderate temperature (∼160 °C) for 10 h and subsequent calcination of the precursors at 400 and 600 °C. These ferrite materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis−differential scanning calorimetry (TGA−DSC), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CoFe 2 O 4 is found to have both hexagonal and spherical surface morphologies and for ZnFe 2 O 4 a spherical morphology is obtained at 600 °C. Optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of these ferrites have been investigated. CoFe 2 O 4 exhibits ferromagnetism at room temperature. In contrast, ZnFe 2 O 4 shows paramagnetism at room temperature. The M s and H c values are observed to increase, respectively, from 74.2 emu g−1 to 78.9 emu g−1 and 1221 Oe to 1411 Oe for CoFe 2 O 4 as the calcination temperature increases from 400 °C to 600 °C. This is related to better crystallinity because of calcination at higher temperature. Dielectric properties of the ferrite materials are also enhanced with the increase in the calcination temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis and monitoring of glucose level in human blood has become a prime necessity to avoid health risk and to cater this, a sensor's performance with wide linearity range and high sensitivity is required. This work reports the use of ternary composite viz. MG–Cu2O (rGO supported MXene sheet with Cu2O) for non-enzymatic sensing of glucose. It has been prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Selected area diffraction. These analyses show a cubic structure with spherical shaped Cu2O grown on the MG sheet. Further, the electrocatalytic activity was carried out with MG–Cu2O sensing element by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry technique and compared with M–Cu2O (MXene with Cu2O) composite without graphene oxide. Of these, MG–Cu2O composite was having the high defect density with lower crystalline size of Cu2O, which might enhance the conductivity thereby increasing the electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose as compared to M–Cu2O. The prepared MG–Cu2O composite shows a sensitivity of 126.6 µAmM−1 cm−2 with a wide linear range of 0.01to 30 mM, good selectivity, good stability over 30 days and shows a low Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 1.7% value towards the sensing of glucose level in human serum. Thus, the aforementioned finding indicates that the prepared sensing electrode is a well suitable candidate for the sensing of glucose level for real time applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures (Cu% = 0, 1, 5) have been prepared using microwave-assisted chemical route synthesis. The synthesized nanostructures were investigated through structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic characterizations. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed that all of the samples exhibit the single-phase polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. The XRD results infer a decrease in the lattice parameters (a/c) by increasing the Cu% doping into ZnO. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopic measurements revealed the formation of nanostructures, showing the major elemental presence of Zn and O in the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited photoemission in the UV and blue-green regions. With the increase in the Cu%, the photoemission in the UV region is reduced, while it is enhanced in the blue-green region. Raman spectra of the Cu-doped ZnO nanostructures displayed a blue shift of the E 2 High mode and an increase in the peak intensity of E1(LO), indicating the doping of Cu ion in the ZnO lattice. The dc magnetization measurements demonstrated the ferromagnetic behavior of all of the samples with an enhanced ferromagnetic character with increasing Cu%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, ZnO nanowires with high aspect ratio were obtained by fast and simple electrochemical anodization. Morphological, structural and photoelectrochemical characteristics of the synthesized ZnO nanowires were evaluated by using different techniques: field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–VIS spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analysis and photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO nanowires presented high roughness and high crystallinity. Besides, surface defects were identified in the sample. The value of the donor density (N D) was in the order of 1019 cm−3 in the dark and 1020 cm−3 under illumination. In addition, the ZnO nanowires presented good photosensibility, with a photocurrent density response 85 times higher than a ZnO compact layer, and lower resistance to charge transfer. The charge transfer processes taking place at the ZnO/electrolyte interface were studied, since these processes strongly influence the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency of the material. According to the results, the charge transfer of holes in the synthesized ZnO nanowires occurs indirectly via surface states. In this regard, surface states may be an important feature for photoelectrocatalytic applications since they could provide lower onset voltages and higher anodic current densities. [Display omitted] • ZnO high aspect ratio nanowires were synthesized by simple anodization. • ZnO nanowires presented high crystallinity, as showed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. • Raman spectra and XPS showed that the ZnO surface presented structural disorders. • ZnO/electrolyte interface was studied by photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy. • Holes charge transfer in the ZnO nanowires occurs indirectly via surface states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-Bi 2 O 3 and Ni-incorporated β-Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles with different Ni incorporating amounts (0, 2, and 4 at. wt. %) were successfully synthesized through a viable hydrothermal process. As-synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed by complementary analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) for structural, microstructural, compositional, and spectral properties. The photocatalytic performance of synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by subjecting them to visible light irradiation and monitoring the decomposition of rhodamine-B dye. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of Ni(4%) in β-Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles significantly enhanced its photocatalytic activity compared to pristine β-Bi 2 O 3 which is desirable for environmental remediation. This improvement may be caused by increased generation of electron-hole (e−-h+) pairs, reduced recombination rate of these pairs, enhanced absorption of visible light, and a decreased band gap energy. To evaluate the specific capacitance characteristics of synthesized electrode materials, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance analyses were conducted. The super capacitance activities of prepared electrode materials were observed in the order of Bi 2 O 3 < Ni(2%)-Bi 2 O 3 < Ni(4%)-Bi 2 O 3. Notably, Ni(4%)-Bi 2 O 3 nanocomposite exhibited higher supercapacitance, which can be attributed to the effective role of appropriate nickel incorporation in Bi 2 O 3. These results suggested that the incorporation of Ni(4%) into β-Bi 2 O 3 to form a nanocomposite showed greater capability as an effective electrode material for advanced energy storage devices, especially supercapacitors. Ni (0,2,4%) incorporated-Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and characterized through viable techniques. Ni (4%)- Bi 2 O 3 nanoparticles have shown enhanced visible light driven photocatalytic activity against organic dyes for environmental remediation. It also exhibited high supercapacitance desirable for high capacity electrode material employable in supercapacitors. [Display omitted] • Ag NPs-loaded brookite TiO 2 NWs supported on rGO sheets were produced hydrothermally. • Structure and morphology were evaluated by XRD, XPS and SEM/TEM. • Ag–TiO 2 /rGO nanohybrid exhibited an excellent light induced photocatalytic performance. • A suitable schematic mechanism was proposed for photocatalytic degradation of dye. • Ag–TiO 2 /rGO nanohybrid demonstrated fairly high electrochemical electrode material characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Cerium substituted HA at different concentrations were prepared and characterized. • The antimicrobial study of prepared samples showed effective antimicrobial action. • The biocompatibility test demonstrated that all prepared samples were nontoxic. • The prepared materials have high potential to employ as drug delivery systems. • Cerium substituted HA can be used as a local treatment of bone cancer. The current study used the precipitation method to prepare pure calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) and cerium-substituted hydroxyapatite (Ce-HA) nanoparticles, where cerium ions were exchanged into the HA structure at different concentrations ranging from 3 to 7 wt%. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and zeta potential were used to examine the structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. Additionally, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the produced materials on Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal bacterial species were studied. Nanoparticles with cerium doping showed effective antibacterial and antifungal properties. All samples were tested for bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the formation of an apatite layer on their surfaces was highlighted using SEM in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX).Doxorubicin (DOX) release from Ce-HA nanoparticles and pure HA was tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for up to 28 days. Both nanoparticles were able to release the drug while still being semi-fully loaded. Similarly, the cytotoxic effect of all produced samples on the MG-63 cell line was evaluated, and all samples showed good cytocompatibility. The cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles showed promising anticancer activity against bone cancer cells, especially samples with high cerium content. The resulting nanoparticles show excellent promising ability for the delivery of doxorubicin to bone cancer with the capacity for bone regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of croconic acid disodium salt (CADS) as an organic gelator with Cd(II) salt to obtain an efficient soft-scaffold supramolecular self-healable metallogel (Cd-CADS) in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) media was investigated following an ultrasonication technique. The experimentally scrutinized rheological values of the fabricated metallogel not only revealed the visco-elastic property and mechanical stiffness, but also exposed the self-healable behaviour of the gel material. Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were incorporated within the gel network to obtain a 2D nanosheet dispersed metallogel of Cd(II) croconate (h-BN@Cd-CADS). The microstructural investigations of the original gel network and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 2D nanosheet dispersed gel-network were performed through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and established the interconnecting rod-like fibrous type morphological patterns and inter-connected hexagonal type rod-shaped architecture pattern, respectively. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to visualize the morphological distinction of the Cd-CADS metallogel with the h-BN 2D nanosheets. The infrared spectral (FT-IR) outputs helped to identify the formation pathway to construct the semi-solid self-healing flexible metallogel and h-BN 2D nanosheet dispersed metallogel nanocomposite, respectively. Fascinating electronic-charge transportation was revealed in the as-fabricated Cd-CADS and h-BN@Cd-CADS metallogel-based devices. Furthermore, h-BN 2D-nanosheet-directed modulation of the non-linear rectifying feature of the supramolecular Cd-CADS-metallogel was observed, with the h-BN@Cd-CADS metallogel showing a greater rectifying property, implying that it has a higher conductivity compared to the Cd-CADS metallogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of polyethylene glycol capping on structural, optical and thermal properties, ZnS:Ni2+ nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical precipitation method. It is demonstrated that by varying the concentration of PEG the particle size can be varied within ∼3.58 to 12 nm. To analyze the samples of nanostructures, the samples are subjected to X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and High resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization techniques. The spectral bands between 673 and 494 cm−1 are related to Zn-S stretching vibrations which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectral studies. It is found that the uncapped sample emits strong UV light, whereas the capped samples exhibit strong and broad visible emission. An enhancement of fluorescence intensity has been obtained, in a capped sample with the minimum particle size and thus with more defect centers, in comparison to that of uncapped one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO) is a sp2 hybridized carbon atom arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene is a new allotrope of carbon compound which could prime new openings in research fields. GO was successfully synthesized via Phyllanthus Emblica (PE) leaf. Structures, morphologies and photo catalytic activities of the as synthesized nanomaterial were determined by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The photo catalytic activities of the as-synthesized GO were estimated for the degradation of malachite green (MG) and methyl violet (MV) in aqueous solution under replicated solar light. The photo catalytic degradation of GO was 94% for brilliant green and 99% for methyl violet in 120 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, HA nanorods and nanoplates with a high surface area have been synthesized using the chemical precipitation method via alcogel formation employing L -arginine as a crystal growth modifier. The prepared HA particles have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis. A representative morphology-dependent catalysis of the synthesized HA particles has been attempted using the Henry reaction under solventless conditions. The HA nanorods have been found to catalyze the Henry reaction with 100% conversion and 84.1% yield while the nanoplates were found to be catalytically inactive. A plausible mechanism supported by DFT studies has been proposed for the observed morphology-dependent catalysis of Henry reaction signifying the importance of surface Ca2+ ions in lowering the LUMO levels of the substrate besides assembling the reactants to proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop wide bandgap materials for solar cells and other optoelectronic devices, undoped hydrogenated silicon oxide (SiOx:H) thin films are prepared by conventional radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF PECVD) method. The variation of carbon dioxide dilution ( Y c ) on optoelectronic and structural properties are studied thoroughly by keeping silane and hydrogen gas flow fixed. Surface morphology of the SiOx:H films have been studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Distinct silicon nanocrystallites of average diameter ∼ 3–6 nm embedded uniformly in amorphous SiOx network have been observed in high resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). From Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR), it is observed that oxygen content ( C o ) increases initially with Y c and afterwards it decreases. Strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) peak is obtained for the as-deposited films having lower oxygen content ( C o ). The origin of room temperature PL spectra and its correlation with C o can be explained by quantum confinement effect (QCE) theory. In the current study, undoped hydrogenated silicon oxide (SiOx:H) films were prepared by varying carbon dioxide dilutions with fixed silane and hydrogen gas flow, and a strong room temperature photoluminescence peak is observed for lower value of oxygen content. The microstructural properties of the films have also been studied by AFM, FESEM and HRTEM. In TEM study, a uniform distribution of silicon nanoparticles of average diameter ∼3–6 nm is clearly observed over the amorphous SiOx:H network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was conducted to biofabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in single step employing aqueous extract of Dregea volubilis flowers and to investigate its antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities. The AgNPs were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and zeta potential study. The biofabricated AgNPs showed potential antioxidant activity for scavenging DPPH radical (IC50, 40.45 ± 5.06 μg/mL), ABTS radical (IC50, 78.49 ± 1.41 μg/mL), total antioxidant capacity (148.83 ± 2.99 mg GAE/g) along with remarkable inhibitory effects on α-amylase (IC50, 10.62 ± 0.22 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50, 6.49 ± 0.03 μg/mL). The AgNPs showed notable antibacterial activity in terms of zone of inhibition (in mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.67 ± 0.44), Escherichia coli (9.33 ± 0.44), Bacillus subtilis (14.67 ± 0.60) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.67 ± 0.60). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct vapour transport technique was used to grow novel quaternary In 0.15 Sn 0.85 (Se 0. 95 S 0. 05) 2 crystals. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) with mapping were used to examine the surface morphology and chemical composition of grown crystals. The structural characterisation of grown crystals was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and Raman spectra. The grown crystals have a hexagonal crystalline structure, as confirmed by the structural characterisations. The direct optical bandgap of a grown crystal having 1.37 eV is obtained from absorption spectra. The current–voltage characteristics were studied within the temperature range of 108 K to 403 K. Also, the hall parameters have been obtained at room temperature. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated from TGA, DTA, and DTG curves. The photodetector based on grown In 0.15 Sn 0.85 (Se 0. 95 S 0. 05) 2 quaternary crystal exhibits the outstanding self-powered photoresponse. The exhaustive photodetection properties of a photodetector based on a grown In 0.15 Sn 0.85 (Se 0. 95 S 0. 05) 2 crystal were examined as functions of various illumination intensities and wavelengths. Trap depth and photodetection parameters were also calculated. • The direct vapour transport technique was used to grow novel quaternary In 0.15 Sn 0.85 (Se 0.95 S 0.05) 2 crystals. • The grown crystals have a hexagonal crystalline structure, as confirmed by the structural characterisation. • The grown crystals are n-type semiconducting material and have direct optical bandgap of 1.37 eV obtained from hall effect analysis and absorption spectra, respectively. • Thermal degradation analysis has shown good thermal stability at high temperatures. The endothermic compound is showing nonspontaneous dissociation process. • The In 0.15 Sn 0.85 (Se 0.95 S 0.05) 2 quaternary crystal-based photodetector exhibits good self-powered photoresponse with a quick response time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maslinic acid is a naturally occurring dihydroxy, mono-carboxy bioactive triterpenoid. Its bulky structure was the main hindrance in the path of biological activity. Sodium and potassium salts of nano-sized triterpenoid maslinic acid were prepared from maslinic acid and its self-assembly property was studied in aqueous and aqueous-organic binary liquid mixtures. Morphology of the compounds studied by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Optical Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed vesicular morphology of the self-assemblies. Selective cytotoxicity was performed in leukemic (K-562 and KG-1a) and PBMC cells. Among the three self-assemblies (maslinic acid 1 , sodium maslinate 2 and potassium maslinate 3), sodium maslinate 2 showed better antileukemic efficacy. Sodium maslinate 2 induced apoptosis in leukemic cells by elevating ROS levels and disrupting the cellular antioxidant system. From the in-silico studies, it was confirmed that 2 interacted with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic proteins of leukemic cells and killed those cells by inducing apoptotic pathways. The compounds 1 , 2 and 3 showed significant antibacterial efficacy against E.coli strain through binding with several periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) and limiting the efflux system leading to arrestation of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly dispersible palladium nanoparticles embedded reduced graphene oxide nanoarchitectures (Pd@NrGO/GCE) synthesized via microemulsion route with excellent electrocatalytic performance and lower detection limits upto 1.067 ng ml−1 for methylparathion (MP) [Display omitted] • Cost effective, energy efficient and green methodology. • Large surface area and monodispersed system resulted in excellent electrochemical response. • Acquired sensitivity of the order of 0. 351 µA.mlng−1. • Real time application to vegetable and water samples. The environment-friendly and energy-efficient monodispersed carbon-based nanosystems for environment monitoring are always in colossal demand. The present work has come up with a novel reverse microemulsification route which is inherently safer, energy-efficient and toxicant free approach for synthesis of monodisperse palladium nanoparticles embedded RGO based nanoreactors (Pd@NrGO/GCE). In present system, Pd@NrGO/GCE are acting as nanoreactors by providing large surface areas for electrocatalysis of methylparathion and allowing the study of redox attributes at faster rates. The successful characterization was done using X-ray diffraction studies, Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering and high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. The electroanalytical response in the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry has been generated by the adsorption of MP followed by subsequent redox catalysis by Pd@NrGO/GCE. The homogeneous film fabrication was enabled by smooth spherical nanostructures imparting higher surface areas with small particle size. The sensor performance towards oxidation of MP poses wide linearity and a low limit of detection of 1.067 ngml−1 with successful application to real time analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The AlSiN coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. • Direct evidence of nanocomposite type arrangement in AlSiN ternary coatings. • Structural and mechanical property highly dependent on the nitrogen content. • The mechanical properties of AlSiN coating is optimum at 20:6 Ar:N 2 ratio. • Hardness of 20:6 Ar:N 2 ratio coating is maximum i.e. 31 GPa. In this work AlSiN ternary coatings were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering in Ar/N 2 reactive atmosphere. AlSi alloy target of composition 86:14 wt% has been used to deposit the coatings on float glass substrate by varying the Ar:N 2 ratio i.e., 20:4, 20:6, 20:8, 20:13 and 20:15. The effect of different Ar:N 2 ratio on microstructure, mechanical and optical property were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), stylus profilometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), UV–visible spectrometry and manoindentation. The XRD measurements show the formation h-AlN phase for coating deposited for 20:6 only and confirm the crystalline nature of the coating whereas at higher and lower Ar: N 2 ratio, the measurements show the amorphous nature of the coatings. 20:6 deposited coating developed a wurtzite-AlN nanocrystalline structure. The thickness of the coatings decreased with respect to the increasing Ar: N 2 ratio. The FESEM shows uneven and dense microstructure of the coatings. HRTEM study confirms the amorphous nature of 20:4 and 20:13 Ar: N 2 ratio, and the polycrystalline nature of 20:6 coating. The elemental compositions were confirmed by EDS. The optical transparency of the coating was more than 95% for all the coatings in the visible range. The roughness of the samples was also measured in scanning probe microscopy imaging that showed an average roughness value Ra of ∼3 nm. The maximum hardness of 31 GPa was observed for the coating prepared with an Ar: N 2 ratio of 20:6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel nanocomposite of WS 2 /PPy are synthesized via hydrothermal and in situ oxidative polymerization method for enhancing the catalytic activity of pristine WS 2. • Nanocomposite attained 98.75% and 77.78% removal efficiency for Cr(VI) and HA, respectively. • BET analysis confirms a very high surface area (160.36 m2/gm) of the synthesized nanocomposite. • TCSPC analysis confirms a large average recombination time (7.40 ns) for the photogenerated electron/holes. • Nanocomposites are proved effective and suitable materials for the degradation of contaminants through the photocatalytic approach. In this work, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized by the surface modification of tungsten disulphide (WS 2) with polypyrrole (PPy) for the photocatalytic removal of heavy metal ions (chromium hexavalent (Cr (VI)) and natural organic contaminant (humic acid (HA)). The morphological analysis of synthesized samples was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) which shows that PPy nanoparticles (NPs) are randomly distributed on the surface of WS 2 nanosheets (NSs). The interlayer spacing of fringe width of WS 2 NSs calculated from High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) studies comes out to be 0.65 nm also in coherence with XRD analysis. Elemental analysis of synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized WP nanocomposite shown enhanced efficiencies (ɳ Cr ∼98.75% and ɳ HA ∼77.78%) as compared to negligible efficiency of pristine WS 2 (∼15% and 16%) and PPy (∼49% and 40%) for the reduction of Cr (VI) and degradation of HA, respectively. The enhanced removal efficiency of nanocomposite was attributed to decrease in the bandgap (2.03 to 1.80 eV), enhanced carrier concentrations (4.0 × 1030 cm−3 to 3.2 × 1031 cm−3) and low recombination rate (1.85 to 7.40 ns) of WP nanocomposite on the incorporation of PPy in WS 2 as evident from UV–Vis, Mott-Schottky technique (MSK) and Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) decay measurement, respectively. The enhancement in removal efficiency is also attributed to the high surface area (160.36 m2/g) of the nanocomposite as analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique. The photocatalytic reduction efficiency was also studied as a function of pH (4,7 and 9). The reduction pathways follow second-order rate kinetics with high value of correlation coefficient (R2 ∼ 0.99). The proposed photocatalytic reduction mechanism was supported by a trapping study which shows that the superoxide radicals (⋅ O 2 − ) were the primary species taking part in photocatalytic reaction. Reusability test and stability of materials demonstrates promising photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanocomposite. Photocatalytic treatment of wastewater using synthesized WS 2 /PPy nanocomposite [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A cheaper synthesis and structural analysis of catalyst to degrade dye is reported. • pH-dependent catalytic activity of CoFe 2 O 4 for cationic & anionic dyes degradation. • Charges on CoFe 2 O 4 were determined by zetapotential evaluation during DLS studies. • A correlation between charges of nanoparticle and dyes molecules in catalysis. This work reports the application of non-functionalized cobalt ferrite (CF) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a fast dye removing agent. Herein, we have synthesized the CF MNPs by chemical co-precipitation method. The photocatalytic activity is demonstrated with examples of cationic and anionic dyes depending on different pH. The synthesized CF MNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement (BET) to confirm the structural, morphological, magnetic property and surface area. We have shown its high efficiency in removal of both types of ionic dyes with moderate first order reaction rate under different pH. Because of its magnetic property it is easy to separate from the reaction mixture by magnetic separation method after its use, which is an added advantage in case of recycling. From the application point of view, these MNPs may be useful in promising industrial usage purpose because of its high stability, fast dye removal efficiency and low-cost. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrodeposition of conformal and compact SnO 2 films on transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) has been hardly achieved thus limiting its application in fully solid solar cells such as those based in perovskite absorbers. Here are presented high-quality n-type semiconducting tin (VI) oxide (SnO 2) thin films, successfully grown using a hybrid potentiodynamic/potentiostatic approach on both ITO and FTO coated glass substrates after a detailed optimization that included both annealing steps between eletrodepositions. A solution chemistry study together with a spectrophotometric analysis was useful to determine the one-hour time window of stability for the chosen electrolyte as source of tin. Formation mechanisms based in thermodynamic data and accumulated mass measurements using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) are discussed. From the EQCM study the growth rate of films was also estimated in good agreement with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed that substrates are well-covered, crystalline, conformal and free of defects (e.g. without pinholes). The absence of these defects was also well supported by cyclic voltammetry measurements using the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple. XPS also confirmed the presence of Sn4+ in optimized films. From the optical properties, after carefully eliminating the influence of oscillations due to interference, a direct bandgap energy at 3.60 eV can be deduced. Another indirect bandgap energy at 3.30 eV can also be possible. The hybrid potentiodynamic/potentiostatic protocol to prepare SnO 2 paves a way to prepare compact, transparent and well covering films suitable as electron transporting layer (ETL) for applications in both photoelectrochemical and solid-state solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work discusses the effect of nanodiamond (ND) reinforcement in NiAl plasma sprayed coatings. Three different proportions of ND particles (ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 wt%) reinforced NiAl coatings were successfully fabricated over AISI 1020 steel substrate using a plasma spraying technique. The coatings were analyzed for composition, phase and microstructure using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The relative density of the coatings was found to increase from 91.34 % to 97 % with a mere addition of 1 wt% of NDs owing to proper melting of powders aided by the NDs. Results showed a remarkable enhancement of 18 % in hardness, and 34.8 % in elastic modulus and a significant reduction in the wear volume loss (41.96 %), wear rate (42.5 %) and coefficient of friction (COF - 80 %). The enhanced properties of the coatings stemmed from exceptionally high mechanical properties offered by NDs along with its spherical morphology, self-lubricating effect and higher coating density. [Display omitted] • NDs reinforced NiAl coatings were developed by plasma spray technique. • The addition of NDs improved the relative density from 91.15 % to 97.06 %. • NiAl-1ND coating showed increase of 18 % in hardness and 34.8 % in elastic modulus. • Significant loss in the wear volume loss (41.96 %) was observed in NiAl-1ND coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nano-engineering of novel LNCO/LFO composites via a controllable combustion route. • Influence of diverse synthesis circumstances was investigated. • HNT served as a supported framework to prevent structural failure. • First report on electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior of resulting nanocomposites. • [HNT-LNCO/LFO5%] platforms showed perfect discharge capacity of 437.34 mAhg−1 after 15 cycles. To meet the demand for sustainable energy development, focusing on storage systems of clean energy like hydrogen is a priority. However, the utilization of new sorbent materials for an in-depth understanding of hydrogen storage mechanisms remains lacking. Herein, a novel composite electrode based on halloysite nanotube-Li 0.9 Ni 0.5 Co 0.5 O 2-x /LiFeO 2 (HNT-LNCO/LFO) nanostructures with superior electrochemical hydrogen storage behavior is developed via two-pot synthesis strategy, in which the HNT bridges with rich active sites serve as a natural clay support for LNCO/LFO electrocatalysts to equip improved hydrogen sorption kinetics through the spillover phenomena and redox coupling effect. Varied parameters, such as fuel types, the molar ratio of fuel to nitrates, the concentration of the LNCO/LFO (mg/ml), and solvent were optimized to prepare HNT-LNCO/LFO nanocomposites with desired purity, structure, and morphology. These physicochemical changes were realized by a combination of X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Furthermore, the electrochemical nature of the proposed nanocomposites were probed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry charge–discharge (CCD) process in KOH medium. The effect of conductive LNCO/LFO contents (3.0 %, 5.0 % and 7.0 %) on the HNT substrate was evaluated with the discharge efficiency and hydrogen spillover mechanism. As a consequence, the LNCO/LFO nanoparticles and pristine HNT structures exhibited the hydrogen storage capacities of 499.67 and 84.05 mAhg−1 after 15 cycles, respectively. However, the contribution of LNCO/LFO nanoparticles with weight percent of 3.0 %, 5.0 % and 7.0 % in tubular matrix can produce the discharge efficiencies of 309.33, 437.34 and 132.25 mAhg−1 in three electrode cells, respectively. This systematic work will result in alternative insights of the well-designed HNT-based nanocomposites for highly efficient energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial enzymes were developed as alternatives to natural enzymes. Considering the unique characteristics of periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials, a rational design approach was investigated to simulate the coordination sphere around the iron active center in natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fabricate a new peroxidase-like nanozyme. Well-ordered mesoscopic structure, high surface area, tunable pore size, high thermal-hydrothermal stability, and facile surface functionalization are unique properties of PMOs which allow them be potential candidate for enzyme mimic catalysis. In the present study, a monofunctional PMO with ionic-liquid framework (PMO-IL) was prepared as a support to incorporate the iron protoporphyrin IX hemin. The interior surface of mesochannels were also modified by imidazole functional groups. The synthetic peroxidase-like nanomaterial was fully characterized using several techniques such as N 2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Peroxidase-like activity of the current nanomaterial was evaluated using 2,2′-Azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt (ABTS) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in neutral pH condition. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters indicated enhanced affinity toward substrate. Results imply that the biomimetic pathways can be developed to achieve a new generation of nanozymes with excellent thermal stability and long-term storage stability which are promising as peroxidase mimics for various applications. [Display omitted] • Introduction of a new generation of nanozymes based on periodic mesoporous organosilica material with ionic-liquid framework. • Simulation of the coordination sphere around the iron active center in natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP). • Fabrication of a stable heterogeneous nanobiocatalyst with peroxidase like activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The two different Fe 58 Ni 42 particle volume fractions based PMRFs were prepared and investigated experimentally at different magnetic field strengths. • The addition of aluminium distearate additive to the silicone oil, suspension stability of PMRFs is greatly improved by 32% and 19%. • PMRFs possess a controlled viscosity and yield stress at a variable magnetic field strength. • The VSM result revealed that the M s of Fe58Ni42 was approximately 149.12 emu/g with an applied magnetic field ranging from −10kOe to + 10kOe. In this study, the samples with two volume fractions (ϕ) of Fe 58 Ni 42 (permalloy) i.e. (ϕ 1 = 25 and ϕ 2 = 30 %) were used as magnetic particles, silicone oil as a carrier fluid, and aluminium disterate as an additive. As received Fe 58 Ni 42 particles surface morphology and composition of the Fe 58 Ni 42 were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) structural information analysis confirmed Fe 58 Ni 42 particles have a face-centered cubic phase, corresponding with the result of the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization technique. The magnetorheological properties were tested via rotational rheometer at four different magnetic field strengths. The results show that sample PMRF-30 has a maximum shear stress, shear viscosity, and dynamic modulus greater than the PMRF-25 sample. In addition, experimental shear stress flow curves are well fitted with Herschel-Bulkley rather than Bingham and Casson rheological models. The permalloy based magnetorheological fluid (PMRF) samples were prepared with a 25 % volume fraction and a 30 % volume fraction of permalloy particles with a sample abbreviation of PMRF-25 and PMRF-30, respectively. Furthermore, the sedimentation stability of suspensions of both the samples was observed using visual inspection. This method result shows the sedimentation ratio with respect to time of 72 h was 31 % and 29 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RGO-supported HoVO 4 -ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized using the ultra sonication process. X-ray diffraction patterns, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Diffractive Reflectance spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy were employed to examine the heterostructured photocatalyst in this research study. The photocatalytic efficiency of the RGO-supported HoVO 4 -ZnO nanoparticles, under UV light irradiation, in the degradation of Rhodamine-B dye was investigated. Undoped ZnO, bare HoVO4, and HoVO 4 -ZnO, degraded at 55.6, 57.5, and 74.33 percent in 45 min, respectively. This new RGO coupled HoVO 4 -ZnO exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency compared to the bare ZnO and HoVO 4 -ZnO nanocomposite. [Display omitted] • RGO coupled HoVO 4 -ZnO exhibits enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. • SEM images display existence of cavities in the lattice structure. • Incorporation of RGO into the crystal structure minimizes aggregation and crystal size. • HR TEM indicates concentric ring with occasional brilliant spots. • Narrower photoluminescence spectrum for new Nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by facile autocombustion method. • ZnO nanoparticles efficiently degrade Methylene Blue dye under sunlight irradiation. • ZnO nanoparticles exhibit significant anti-bacterial activity for gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains. • Mechanism of photocatalysis was studied. Here we report synthesis of natural sunlight active zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by facile solution auto combustion method using citric acid as a fuel. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis (UV–Vis) were used for study of the structural and optical characteristics of prepared nanoparticles. The breakdown of methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of sunlight was used evaluating photodegradation activity. The maximum degradation of 98 percent was obtained after 45 min of irradiation by sunlight in basic pH of the MB. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties were inspected against bacterial pathogens that infect humans, such as gram-negative P. vulgaris , E. coli and gram-positive K. pneumonia, S. aureus by well diffusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aquatic plant, water hyacinth was used after modification with poly-aniline (PANI@WH) as an adsorbent for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The effect of pH, time, dose and concentration on Cr (VI) removal was investigated following batch adsorption process. The adsorption of Cr (VI) on PANI@WH adsorbent followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm as well as pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Maximum adsorption capacity obtained by isotherm has been achieved as 31.45 mgg−1 at 323K. Adsorption of Cr (VI) proceeds through film diffusion rather than intra-particle diffusion. Thermodynamic studies suggested endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption due to positive enthalpy and negative Gibbs free energy values. On the basis of the value of mean free energy, Gibb's free energy of adsorption and activation energy obtained in the present investigation suggested that adsorption of Cr (VI) on polyaniline coated water hyacinth occurs through physical adsorption. Surface characterization studies such as Field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy illustrated adsorption mechanism of the adsorbent. The predicted % removal of Cr (VI) was obtain by response surface methodology model are compared with the experimental % removal of Cr (VI) obtained by batch adsorption process. Prepared composite adsorbent can be reused for several cycles and it gives 85% Cr (VI) removal efficiency even after 4th cycle which shows its good regeneration ability. [Display omitted] • PANI@WH is low cost adsorbent and offered 98.5% Cr (VI) removal. • Freundlich isotherm is followed by Cr(VI) adsorption on PANI@WH. • Cr (VI) adsorption on Cr(VI) on PANI@WH followed physical adsorption. • The adsorption of Cr(VI) on PANI@WH followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. • FESEM,EDX, and XPS studies confirmed the adsorption of Cr(VI) on PANI@WH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mixture of n-heptane and toluene is regarded as surrogate fuel for diesel. Under the premise of a certain carbon flow rate, the particle size, nanostructure, microcrystalline size and soot deposition morphology of three kinds of fuel laminar diffusion flames were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The three fuels were pure n-heptane (T0), toluene / n-heptane blends with 5 vol% (T5) and 10 vol% (T10) toluene, respectively. Thermophoretic probe sampling and SiC fiber deposition were used to obtain soot samples. The results showed that with the increase of toluene content, the flame height increased and the temperature decreased at the same height. The addition of toluene increased the content of PAHs, which promoted the formation of soot, and increased the number and particle size of soot. At HAB = 30 mm, with the increase of toluene content, the graphitization degree of soot increased, which showed a larger soot fringe length and a smaller fringe tortuosity, and microcrystalline width (L a) of soot particles increased gradually. It is worth noting that the size of a new structure in the soot deposition is counted for the first time, and it is found that its size is negatively correlated with the fringe length and microcrystalline width of soot. [Display omitted] • The effects of toluene addition on soot formation in n-heptane/air laminar diffusion flames are investigated. • Toluene increases the flame height and decreases the temperature. • The number and particle size of soot are increased with the addition of toluene. • Toluene plays an important role in the microstructure of soot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Paper describes the synthesis of nickel doped ZnO is planned by chemical co-precipitation techniques. The prepared nanostructured nickel doped zinc oxide samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra red (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and cyclic voltametry (CV). Nanostructure nickel doped ZnO materials have developed as promising for the basis of its broad range of employing in diverse areas. The attractive properties of nickel doped ZnO materials are highly demanded in high-energy potential applications. The nickel doped zinc oxide materials are hexagonal wurtzite arrangement is confirmed by XRD. The morphological -features of FE-SEM show nickel doped zinc oxide NPs are the structure of spherical type with agglomeration. The calculated particle size 11 nm is confirmed by HR-TEM. EPR spectra of nickel doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are ferromagnetic nature. Further, CV studies of Ni doped ZnO materials of the specific capacitance value is 133 Fg-1 at the scan rate 10 mVs−1 it is suitable for super capacitor application. The quantum chemical calculations were done by using DFT techniques through B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of basis set. [Display omitted] • Synthesis and characterizations of nickel doped zinc oxide NPs. • The nickel doped ZnO materials are highly demanded in high-energy potential applications. • The EPR spectral peaks at geff∼2.001 indicating that the transition of Ni2+ ZnO nanoparticles from (−half to + half) spin. • The highest value of capacitance 133 Fg-1 at the lower scan speed of 10 mVs−1. • DFT study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Synthesis of novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes/kraft lignin/Pd nanocomposite catalyst (MWNT/KL/Pd). • The catalyst was characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, XPS and Raman analyses. • The catalyst was used in the reduction of Methylene blue, Cr(VI), and 4-nitrophenol. • The catalyst can be reused five times without remarkable loss of catalytic activity. Toxic organic pollutants in wastewaters are becoming a worldwide problem, which threatens life on earth and prevents essential elements to sustain living organisms. Nitro compounds and organic dyes are the most common contaminants, which result in disturbing problems for human health and the environment. The application of heterogeneous nanocatalysts is one of the most efficient methods to overcome this challenge. In view of this, a novel nanocatalyst containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), Kraft lignin, and Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized through a straightforward procedure. The synthesis of Pd NPs was performed using laser ablation, generating fine NPs without chemical agents and impurities. The morphology and structure of the prepared nanocomposite were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The efficiency of the as-prepared nanocatalyst in the reduction of methylene blue (MB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], was investigated in an aqueous solution using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) or formic acid (HCOOH) as the reducing agents. The progress of the reactions was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The catalyst can be easily removed from the reaction media by centrifugation and reused five times without any observable decrease in the catalytic activity. Overall, the performance of MWNT/KL reported herein alludes to the prodigious practical significance of this tunable support in real world scenarios such as nanocatalysis and wastewater remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured copper manganese oxide (CMO) thin films were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. Different Cu acetate/Mn acetate molar ratios were used to study the effect of Cu acetate on the structure, morphological and optical properties of the deposited films. The prepared films were annealed at 500 °C in air. A polycrystalline structure and mixed oxide phases of copper manganese oxide were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, (XRD). High resolution transmission electron microscopy, (HRTEM), reveals homogenous and very fine grainy structures of the prepared films with a particle size range from 0.5 nm to 2 nm. The optical measurements showed that 93% is maximum optical transmission and the optical band gap of the prepared films was found to be influenced by increasing Cu acetate ratios from 40% to 60% indicating a blue shift. The energy band gap correlated with the allowed direct transition is found to increase from 3.21 eV to 3.58 eV with increasing Cu acetate while the refractive index decreases. The optical investigation by ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared, (UV–VIS–NIR), showed a clear absorption peak at 4.28 eV which attributed to the excitonic nature. • Nanostructured copper manganese oxide (CMO) thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique through the sol-gel method. • A polycrystalline structure and mixed oxide phases of copper manganese oxide were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). • Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) reveals well granular compacted and crystallized film surface and the grain size decreases with increase of Cu acetate and the formation of different phases. • The energy band gap correlated with the allowed direct transition is found to increase from 3.21 eV to 3.58 eV with increasing Cu acetate. • The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index decrease as the Cu acetate concentration increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 films were prepared on quartz and silicon substrates using remote plasma atomic layer deposition with trimethylgallium, Bis(diethylamino)silane and O 2 plasma as the precursors. Different Si-doped concentration in films were obtained by adjusting the numbers of SiO 2 circulation ratio. The effect of Si-doped concentration from 0 to 20% on the qualities of the Ga 2 O 3 thin films were studied. The experimental results showed that Ga 2 O 3 thin film growth per cycle increases slightly with the various cycle ratio at the same total cycles of about 600. Field emission scanning electron microscopy shows that the Ga 2 O 3 films have very smooth surface. The spectroscopic ellipsometry tests showed that the refractive index of the Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 thin films decreases monotonically with the doping level increases. The transmittances of all the doped Ga 2 O 3 films are exceed 90% in the visible region. The (400) preferred orientation Ga 2 O 3 thin films were obtained after annealing at 900 °C in N 2 atmosphere. Moreover, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation indicates that the doped Ga 2 O 3 thin films is Ga-rich with the states of Ga3+ and Ga1+. High resolution transmission electron microscopy mapping measurement shows that the Si composition in the Ga 2 O 3 thin films is uniform. Hall effect measurements demonstrated that the carrier concentration and mobility of the doped Ga 2 O 3 films increase while the resistivity of the films decreases as the Si-doped concentration increases. The results of Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 thin film with 20% cycle ratio shows high transmittance of 93% at 280 nm wavelength and low resistivity of 3.41 Ω·cm. Optical simulations show the potential for development of the Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 films as the back electrode in the application of the ultraviolet C light-emitting diode. • Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 thin films varying from 0% to 20% were successfully grown on Si and quartz substrates by remote plasma atomic layer deposition. • XPS investigations show that the Si content in Ga 2 O 3 thin film increases with the Si cycle ratio increases and the doped Ga 2 O 3 thin films was Ga-rich with the states of Ga3+ and Ga1+. Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 thin film with 20% cycle ratio shows high transmittance of 93% at 280 nm wavelength and low resistivity of 3.41 Ω•cm. • RPALD is a promising growth technology to prepared Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 films with high transmittance and high electrical conductivity. The Si-doped Ga 2 O 3 epitaxial structure shows potential for UVC-LED application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological tuning of nanostructures aims to enhance thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) through a rise in the density of states near the fermi level and spatial confinement of acoustic phonons leading to reduction in thermal conductivity. In this work, we prepared Bi 2 Te 3 nanostructures with diverse morphology, by a facile and scalable single-pot hydro/solvothermal synthesis, and investigated the effect of different polar solvents on the morphology of the synthesized nanostructures. Single-phase and highly crystalline Bi 2 Te 3 with diverse morphologies including nanoparticles, nanosheets, nano and micro flakes, nanotubes and nanoflowers were grown in different polar solvent media. The Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). A possible growth mechanism for Bi 2 Te 3 nanostructures is proposed by considering the physical and chemical properties of the polar solvents, with special focus on their dielectric properties. The thermoelectric properties of the hot pressed samples were investigated in the temperature range of 300–480 K. The fermi level is found to be shifted by morphological tuning of nanostructures. The carrier concentration and transport parameters are found to be greatly influenced by the morphology of consolidated particles. A peak figure of merit of 0.46 was obtained for the in-situ fullerite coated sample synthesized with ethylene glycol as medium (BTEGEDTA) at a temperature of 474 K. • Bi 2 Te 3 nanoparticles with diverse morphology were grown in different solvents as media and the thermoelectric properties are found to be varied. • In-situ fullerite coated B i2 T e3 was obtained by using ethylene glycol as medium • A possible growth mechanism is suggested by considering the chemical and physical properties of the medium. • The fermi level is found to be shifted with morphological tuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel approach to fabricate carbon dots from different parts of Bael patra fruit for fluorometric detection of Allura red. • Morphological and chemical composition checked using sophisticated techniques. • Developed particles material act as an excellent co-absorbent for Allura red and Fe2+ ion. • Sensor worked well in presence of amino acids and in different water and food samples. Herein a simple strategy has been demonstrated for the synthesis of environmentally amiable and highly fluorescent carbon dots from the most useful plant of Indian classical Ayurveda i.e. Bael patra fruit. The morphological features and chemical composition of the prepared carbon dots were characterized through High resolution transmission electron microscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Owing to their highly emission nature, the applicability of carbon dots was tested against various food colorant i.e. Allura red. Under the optimized conditions, the decreased fluorescence intensity exhibited a good linear relationship with increasing concentration of Allura red. Additionally, an extensive research was carried out to determine the adsorption efficiency of carbon dots for Allura red and heavy metals. Based on the context, here we report the novelty of this work, demonstrating the decontamination of various samples from Allura red and heavy metals with the application of carbon dots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed phase molybdenum oxide (mp-MoO 3) nanocomposite (NC) along with hexagonal (h-MoO 3) and orthorhombic (o-MoO 3) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via easy and cost-effective internal combustion method using water/ethanol mixture, water, and methanol solvents. The formation mechanisms of h-MoO 3 , o-MoO 3 , and mp-MoO 3 have been investigated using different physical methods such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), HRTEM (high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and SAED (selected area electron diffraction). The potential of prepared NPs and NC on the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) was investigated through the adsorption batch process with variation in the adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature of the solution. The confirmation of dye adsorption over adsorbent surfaces has been elucidated by employing FTIR and FESEM after the adsorption process. The influence of different NPs and NC on the adsorption efficiency indicates the possibility of physical, chemical as well as electrostatic interaction between adsorbent-adsorbate interface. Thermodynamical parameters were calculated and analyzed for the validity of the adsorption phenomenon. Various kinetic study models such as pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Intra-particle diffusion (IPD) were fitted to the experimental data to explore the rate-controlling step and for understanding the adsorption mechanism. The mp-MoO 3 NC was observed to have the best adsorption efficiency as well as a better adsorption rate. Therefore synthesized mp-MoO 3 NC showed great potential for dye adsorption and would be seen as the futuristic adsorbent materials for sustainable water treatment technology. • Mixed phase molybdenum oxide (mp-MoO 3) has been synthesized using internal combustion method using urea as a fuel. • The mp-MoO 3 possesses higher methylene blue adsorption efficiency as compared to hexagonal (h-MoO 3) and orthorhombic (o-MoO 3). • The adsorption efficiency was attributed to the improved surface charge, surface area and increased porosity in the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The interaction between 3-MAB and CuO/ZnO nanoparticles is demonstrated. • CuO/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion method. • CuO/ ZnO nanoparticles quench the fluorescence of 3-MAB. • Static quenching is involved in the present system. The interaction of fluorescent probe 3-N-(N'-methylacetamidino) benzanthrone (3-MAB) with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles is studied, wherein the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by combustion method. The prepared CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The interaction between fluorescent molecule 3-MAB and nanoparticles (CuO and ZnO) was investigated by absorption and fluorescence techniques. Further, the steady state fluorescence quenching of 3-MAB by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles in different solvents was studied at room temperature (298 K) and higher temperatures at 308 K and 318 K to determine the bimolecular quenching rate constant, binding constant and binding sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, pulsed laser deposition of silver in open air is used to fabricate Ag nanoparticle (NP) films on the substrate without using flowing gas. The target was ablated by trains of nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam. The deposited NP films on the substrate were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristics of NPs were extracted from the data of UV/Vis spectrum. Mean size and size distribution of NPs were achieved by analyzing the FESEM images and using image processing technique. In order to show an application of the fabricated NP film in sensors, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of NP films were inspected. The results of SERS show that the fabricated NP films can significantly enhance Raman signals. [Display omitted] • Ag nanoparticle films by pulsed laser deposition in open air were fabricated. • Deposition was performed in atmospheric pressure air without using flowing gas. • Surface plasmon resonance and size characteristics of NP films were investigated. • Higher laser fluences and number of pulses result in nanoparticles with larger size. • Fabricated NP films significantly enhance Raman signals in SERS application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]