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The aim of the paper is to identify suitable methods of education for individual types of voluntary further corporate professional education, which could be applied also when changing the physical teaching environment to virtual or hybrid learning environment, and to propose the methods of education suitable for companies and attractive for the participants of the corporate trainings. In the empirical research, the questionnaire method and the interview method were applied. The respondents (140) were selected from two sections of the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities of the Slovak Republic, SK NACE Rev.2. The research results presented in the tables characterize the types of education in relation to the educational methods applied in the companies analyzed. The suitability of education methods is characterized also in terms of teaching environments, the physical, virtual and hybrid environments. The results of the research confirm that the methods of education affect the interest of the participants in all types of education. [For the complete volume, "NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings: 5th Anniversary Edition (Sofia, Bulgaria, October 17-19, 2022). Book 1. Volume 5," see ED625663.]

Opportunity Identification (OI) is one of the key entrepreneurial capabilities targeted in most entrepreneurship education programs. The most frequently used technique for facilitating business OI in entrepreneurship courses is brainstorming. Previous findings indicated the positive effect of hybrid (individual and group) settings on overall brainstorming outcomes, i.e., quality and quantity of the generated ideas, compared to only individual or group settings. However, to date, no study has explored the effect of hybrid brainstorming sessions on individual idea-generation skills outside the group, a possibility labelled "group-to-individual transfer". This study aims to fill this gap by conducting an experimental study with 33 bachelor's and master's students who attended an entrepreneurship course at a Dutch university. A repeated measurement study design is used to explore the effect of group idea generation on individual performance outside the group. Based on this design, students passed three phases, i.e., (1) individual, (2) group, and (3) individual idea generation, using an online platform, and the measurement was taken after the individual idea generation phases. The findings indicated that individual idea generation after the group work resulted in fewer comprehensible business ideas but with a higher rate of concrete ideas that were more innovative compared to ideas generated before the group work. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]

This paper explores how theoretically distancing ecosystem types such as innovation and business ecosystems are in practice interrelated through co-evolution. The aim is to explore different paths for creating novel business in an innovation ecosystem and identify related drivers and barriers. The research methodology is a qualitative case study. The case consisted of 21 partners in an innovation ecosystem for smart water network management. Data was gathered in workshops and in-depth interviews. The analysis followed three paths from innovation to business ecosystems 1) Building joint offering for customers 2) Scaling-up to new markets or industries 3) Shaping actively (novel) markets and business opportunities. The findings indicate that barriers are linked to the actors' various, often conflicting, expectations on ecosystem collaboration and to the compatibility of different technological solutions. The drivers include understanding market dynamics and acknowledging dependencies on other stakeholders. The conceptual framework will help scholars in understanding the scattered field, and practitioners in designing more efficient mechanisms for boosting novel business opportunities in their ecosystem work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dexteropreneurship is a new concept that supplies a new view of the ambidexterity of entrepreneurship and thinking that can reveal the configuration of proactive, innovative, and risk-taking in the ambidexterity of an entrepreneur's activities. Based on the topic' novelty, there has been no term' conceptualization and a merged view of dexteropreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to discuss dexteropreneurship through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which develop a conceptualization that purpose to have a better understanding of how entrepreneurs balance exploratory and exploitative processes and how to configure entrepreneurship to support exploitation and exploitation. Derived from this, this paper aims to provide literature based on conceptualization providing a practical implementation for practitioners along with a research agenda that is a valuable contribution to new paradigms and possible future research of dexteropreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to argue for the mandatory reporting of cyber-attacks on critical U.S. infrastructure, industries, and companies to the Department of Defense (DoD) for the DoD to improve national security through a clearer understanding of the threats and how to position the U.S. for better defense. The paper will first discuss who will be subject to mandatory reporting and propose a template for the requirements of reporting such as the turnaround time to report and the details needed from the attack. The paper will provide an argument showing the benefit to the DoD requiring reporting and why it should be concerned about external cyber-attacks on non-DoD systems. The paper will then look on the private sector viewpoints to discuss the benefits of mandatory reporting such as the bottom line and brand awareness. Additionally, the paper will also discuss how the consumer will benefit from mandatory reporting with a focus on both financial and privacy issues. Lastly, the paper will address some key points of dissent on the topic of mandatory reporting as well some evidence to push back or show how the negatives of not reporting outweighs the negative of reporting. After reading the paper, the reader will have a better picture of the current status of cyber-attacks on the private sector, how these attacks effect the DoD's mission, and why mandatory reporting can help enhance private sector cybersecurity. More research is needed to better understand the legal argument for requiring reporting on cyber-attacks as well as economic incentives for compliance, however this paper is not intending to answer that argument given the authors do not come from the legal or economic disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to be successful in a rapidly changing eco system, companies must respond with a continuous development of innovations. This means that companies need so-called dynamic capabilities to recognize chances and risks, seize opportunities and transform their business models. Dynamic capabilities are vital for companies to adapt, i.e. to transform their business models in accordance with ongoing trends and disruptive incidents. This paper uses dynamic capability approaches and change management theory to set up a framework for auditing the transformability of companies. First, dynamic and change capabilities are defined. This is followed by the determination of an indicator system to make the adaptability of companies objectively and holistically assessable. With the help of the framework, audits can be carried out to derive recommendations to strengthen and further develop dynamic and change capabilities of companies - in order to make them more efficiently and effectively responsive to external and internal changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As early as the second half of the 20th century, theoreticians and commentators in the field of business and corporate culture have started to increasingly make use of military and war metaphors when describing or analyzing business-related matters. This ongoing tendency can be explained by the fact that both military and business jargons have had similar historical trajectories and focus on similar goals and objectives. Military philosophy can furthermore offer valuable lessons and advice to any aspiring manager. To be aware of the symbiosis between military jargon and the language of business is to have a clearer overview of the impact of business practices and eventually to gain the upper hand in a domain where battle and the survival of the fittest are at the basis of all activities and endeavors. The aim of the present paper is to trace the similar trajectories in the evolution of military and business jargon and to analyze, by resorting to practical examples, the manifold similarities between the language of war and the one of business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day is a challenge that requires a lot of knowledge and time for the purpose of achieving planned sales, finding the best suppliers, achieving set business goals. Accounting is an integral part of any business, and it is important for the successful operation of any business. Accounting has changed and continues to change and expand from the moment it emerged. Accounting has undergone a special transformation with the information technology. Digitalization as one of the most important phenomena of the 21st century has affected all parts of society and business. Accounting software has become an integral part of the business of every enterprise, and without it would be almost unthinkable to track the company's business going from procurement, production to product sales. Business processes that involve accounting tasks should be designed, optimized and simplified for the purpose of ensuring time savings. Precisely due to the fact that time is money, and in order to save time, business is increasingly being transferred to digital form. The advantages and disadvantages of digital accounting were best seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this paper is reflected in demonstration of the impact of digitalization of accounting on the company's activities. The subject of research is to prove the positive and negative effects of digitalization of accounting on company's activities. Empirical studies will prove what kind of impact the use of digital accounting has on the company's business, and task set for accountants and management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, conducted from February 2020 to February 2022, applies constructivist grounded theory approach to the data gathered during participant observation and ethnographical research connected with electronic sports in Poland and Hong Kong. The research involved looking at the data on selected Twitch channels as well as social media communication of leading eSports brands and incentives (including Talon Esports in Hong Kong and ESL Gaming in Poland). The overarching aim of the study was to compare the divergent dynamics of eSports cultures in various digital media ecosystems. Key contributions of this paper to eSports-oriented game studies involve the application of comparative approach and focus on the interconnectedness of fans’ digital labor with the physical and digital spaces dedicated to electronic sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature and research on entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. It identifies major trends and issues and highlights gaps in the existing knowledge base on entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. A systematic literature review was conducted, following the PRISMA protocol for conducting and reporting systematic reviews. Based on a systematic search of Scopus databases, a total of 32 peer-reviewed articles were included. A research agenda for further work in this area is provided within the themes of conceptual development, research contexts, and measuring and evaluating entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship. The categorization of entrepreneurial intention in sustainable entrepreneurship is conducted to understand the direction of research in this field and the emphasis on specific aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has interconnected markets, businesses and economies. Recessions are economic phenomena that may affect the economic growth, and occur from time to time. The global economy goes through various economic fluctuations that represent the ups and downs of the economic cycle. This paper investigates and presents the entitled research "Economic fluctuations, global recession and the trends for economies, businesses and markets in times of globalization". As a methodology of research, authors focused on literature review and a descriptive quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The research questions are "What are the trends of the economic fluctuation and recession for business, markets and economies?" and "has there been a possibility of recession recently?". The results showed that economies in times of globalization could face the risk of recession that remains a phase of the economic cycle and appears with a decrease of the economic activity and real GDP. Generally, inflation comes out from foreign demand, private consumption and government policies and it hits goods and services, the level of consumption and investments decreases during the period of recession. The increase of inflation could generate difficulties in the purchase power. As a result, companies and businesses should find a way to be resilient during the periods of recession. Advanced economies know better how to survive during the periods of recession, as the analysis showed that globalization transmits the trends between economies, the real GDP in both advanced and developing economies appears in parallel lines of fluctuations. In conclusion, strengthening global cooperation remains the best way to improve the economic prospects. Furthermore, political adjustments, effective negotiations and investments could be useful to survive in times of recession. Due to globalization and internationalization, advanced economies and developing economies are highly connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's primary goal is to understand fiscal policy's role as an inductor of companies' innovative activities. In particular, it understands what kind of tax benefits the Portuguese tax legislator predicts to promote business entrepreneurship. For this purpose, Portuguese tax dispositions were investigated, as was the case of the Corporate Tax Law, the Tax Benefits Code, The Investment Tax Code, and other secondary legal dispositions. Companies can advantage several tax figures that allow the tax burden to decrease. They are the case of contractual tax benefits to productive investment, the investment support tax regime, extraordinary tax credit for investments, the system of fiscal incentives in research and development, the deduction for retained and reinvested profits, extraordinary investment tax benefits. In this dimension, most tax benefits have direct implications in the corporate tax determination, and in concrete, it can reduce the entities' taxable basis or an immediate decrease in the payable tax. These incentives can comprise the tangible and intangible asset's investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Family businesses are a fundamental pillar in global economies, whose business strategies have been changing over the years. However, the characteristics of family businesses differ from the others since the leaders' main objective is to build and ensure the intergenerational legacy in the long run (Rahimian et al., 2020; Alsos et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016). In that regard, resilience and responsiveness in terms of problem-solving make family businesses highly profitable and attractive living organisms (Reuber, 2016; Vijay et al., 2012), with their strategies being a fundamental pillar for their survival. Thus, the objective of this study is to carry out a systematic literature review on the business strategies adopted by family businesses. Methodology: Starting from the study’s main objective, the realization of this systematic review counted with a sample of 540 studies collected from the Web of Science through the keywords "strategy" and "family business". It adopted the method applied by the authors Brizola et al. (2016) and Cater et al. (2008), which is based on four steps: 1) sample identification; 2) screening; 3) eligibility; and 4) inclusion. Results: From the systematic literature review four clusters were identified: 1) Organizational performance; 2) Marketing and strategies; 3) Business culture and 4) Innovation and development. That being said, the effectiveness of the business strategies of family firms is highly dependent on these four factors. Furthermore, relevant differences in family business management strategies are identified in value creation, communication, entrepreneurial tendency, and long-term stability and performance. A new proposal for a framework for strategies in family businesses is made. A new framework proposal for strategies in family firms is made. In this sense, this study combines the factors that condition the business strategies of family businesses, establishing a correlation between them, assisting the organizational world and researchers in future research. Research limitations: Despite the theoretical contributions of this study, it is not exempt from research limitations. Therefore, the search was carried out only in the Web of Science database, but other databases such as Scopus, ABI/INFORM, b-on, or EBSCO may be considered. Other keywords may be included to make the study more comprehensive. Originality: This study analyses and combines the strategies of family businesses, making a new framework proposal, which can contribute to the long-term stability of family businesses. It also provides suggestions to managers to improve the performance of family businesses. This paper also allows the development of the literature on strategies in family businesses. We also identify and synthesize future lines of research on the subject under study, which can be the starting point for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several countries assume tourism activity as a strategy, recognized as a system that represents a value chain, extending to activities that are related indirectly. In 2019, that sector was responsible for 52,3% of the services exportation, representing the most significant exporting activity in Portugal, which allows higher contributions to employability and economy. To give a response to this demand phenomenon, the economy increases and diversifies the offer, ensuring an efficient response to the visitors' needs. The touristic offer has different dimensions such as accommodation, transports, food and beverage and entertainment activities. The main goal of this paper is to understand the impact and contribution of tourism companies to the Portuguese economy, in particular, their representativeness and dynamic in the Portuguese business. This study analyses several legal dispositions to understand the procedures that companies face developing their businesses within the tourism area, therefore, the commercial, business and tax laws were investigated. Using an exploratory and descriptive methodology, considering the period between 2008 to 2018, it analyses the relevance of tourism companies in the economic sphere, using secondary data from different institutions, namely, National Statistics Institute - Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Bank of Portugal - Banco de Portugal (BP), Tourism of Portugal - Turismo de Portugal (TP), and other sources considered relevant for this investigation. The results show that these companies face heavy bureaucracy procedures to provide services. Portuguese jurisdiction imposes several obligations that represent a significant increase in costs. According to the INE, in 2018, this sector represented 8.9% of the non-financial companies and 6.4% of the gross added value. Accommodation companies form about one-third of this area. In the dimension domain, the micro-businesses are more typical as the medium-sized companies represent 0.7%, and the less representative are the big dimension enterprises standing for 0.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology is an essential element of contemporary lifestyle and is ingrained such that human functionality depends on it. Our present ecosystem is a dominion of technologies. The application of (ICT) technology for business development enhances productivity and creates efficient resource management. In particular, the tourism sector has a positive and growing affinity for digital technologies. Most studies have focused on the digitalization of the tourism economy and its revolutionary changes. However, this paper explores a new perspective on technology-centric business development and the digital approach to management of tourism services post-pandemic era. The methodology applied to the study is a systematic review of secondary information sources. Existing literature on the tourism industry, technology and digital touchpoints in management are collated for further explanation. The findings of this research focus on the acknowledgement and influence of digital technologies in developing tourism. Besides these, outcomes affirm the significance of the digital approach for tourism management (particularly in recent years after Covid-19) and stimulate new research tendencies. As well as the topic serves as a guide for strategic decision-making for emerging businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the main directions of economic policy that contribute to the transformation of the economy and set the pace of business development. Prioritization of key areas leads to the creation of digital products, the introduction of platform solutions, end-to-end technologies, bridging the gap between the traditional approach to informatization and digital transformation, and changing the profile of an innovation development specialist. Of particular importance is strategic management, which finds advanced solutions to the needs of the time, sets priorities, works "for the future" and implements long-term goals as part of a comprehensive strategy. The aim of the study was to analyze strategic management as a leading link in the transformation of the economy. The paper provides an analysis of the process of strategic management of modern companies, analyzes the options for applying various types of strategies depending on the current situation. The process of developing a digital strategy is considered, the impact of macroeconomic processes on the company's activities is analyzed, and further development directions in the context of digital transformation are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the industry in today's competitive environment has increased competition among companies. In order to gain business competitiveness, companies strive to focus on fulfilment of customer expectations of higher quality, lower prices, shorter lead times, and less environmental impact. Sustainability is an organization's ability to make decisions in real-time without an adverse impact on the future state of the environment, society and business stability. Since the production of most chemicals is highly hazardous and has the potential to cause irreversible environmental damage and have a negative impact on public health, safe and sustainable production is the main dictum for the development of sustainable chemical enterprises. Therefore, this paper addresses this issue by proposing a multi-method and multi-criteria decision-making framework for SSS in the chemical industry. Based on the specific characteristics of the chemical industry, this study uses AHP to analyse the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Finally, this study will use Fuzzy MABAC to analyse alternatives. The proposed approach and decision-making model can help supply chain managers in the chemical industry to select more sustainable suppliers, respond quickly to market demands, and maintain high competitiveness in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and analyses the global outlook transition of SMEs under the processes and impact of internalization and globalization. Since the question arises to achieve this goal, it is important to find out how SMEs may contribute to the international market, economic growth and the international environment. In short, thanks to SMEs many technological processes and innovations came out compared to large companies and enterprises that attempt to improve existing products to increase the quantity and profit for a better economic growth. At the same time, it is important to underline that, for their part, SMEs can also obtain advantages from globalization and internationalization, as shown by the Italian case studied. The methodology of research and analysis bases on a systematic literature review and part of descriptive qualitative with a quantitative research and empirical results of a case of non-listed Italian company. Using an analytic background of SMEs, entrepreneurship and regional and international environment. Various ways of methodical analysis and research are implemented as well like the VOSviewer method to compare the regional and international environment and to find out whether there are some connections among these two types of environments. For comparing the two main concepts we used CitNetExplorer as well as method. The practical part presents the data that was obtained through the conducted research and method. The main research focuses on SMEs. The data are evaluated using content analyses and the research questions are answered based on the results of this analysis. The conclusions show that, Globalization has made it easy for SMEs. In other words, it increases their ability, production level, their processes of innovation and for sure their competitiveness since they contribute with a required annual turnover to the market and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic crises, natural and human disasters always interfered directly in the business life. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed rapidly the way of doing business to all sectors over the world. For many of them it has determined the fate of their existence, some have changed the path of acting and digital transforming majority of their activities. The analyses of these impacts to general changes in the economy are in preliminary stage of assessment. More correct data related to the impact of pandemic in general transformation of doing business will have only when the pandemic is over. According to many scientific opinions and analyses, companies have accelerated the digitization of their customer and supply-chain interactions and of their internal operations. In fact, on a range of measures are funding for digital initiatives has increased more than anything else, increases in costs, the number of people in technology utilize, and the number of customers. Approaching to new technologies has a critical strategic component of doing business, not just a source of cost efficiencies but it is a route of the future. The aim of this paper is to increase awareness of the businesses to be prepared for the new challenges in pandemic situation. This study is based mostly on selected secondary data and studies done by many authors related to the impact of crises to the ways of doing business. The research results raise important issues for discussion and recommendations on adapting new strategies and business plans for the digital transformation of businesses in Kosovo and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study literature on Artificial Intelligence and digital business models has grown in recent years. It is increasingly in contact with the discipline of digital business model science as artificial intelligence technology advances. Using bibliometric mapping, this study attempts to comprehensively evaluate research trends in digital transformation and future research potential in the area. We visualized Artificial Intelligence for Digital Business Model research published in the previous 10 years, from 2002 to 2021, using bibliometric analytic methodologies. For our investigation, 145 publications from Scopus were chosen. This study pulls data from the Scopus database, analyzes it using the Scopus online analysis function, then visualizes it using Vosviewer. The process is divided into five stages: keyword selection, first search results, search result refining, initial compilation, and data analysis. According to our major line of study, papers published by scholars in the United States have the most publications, with 28 scientific publications. The field of study "Computer Science" has the most documents, with N=91 (31.2%). The number of publications increased from 2016 to the greatest in 2021, with 33 documents. The analyzed data reveals patterns and trends in worldwide Scopus-indexed articles. The analyzed data reveals patterns and trends in worldwide Scopus-indexed articles. This study suggests merging the following research topics: computer science, implementation, technique, and education, abbreviated as CSITE research themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulating a model has always been a helpful technique in determining certain solutions with respect to certain constraints. In the business world, one technique would be the Goal Programming Model. This paper focuses on the utilization of this technique for a certain business owner of a cake shop. The researchers were able to gather different data such as costs, and historical data that would help in determining dependent variables needed for formulation. Different system and goal constraints were also listed in order to set parameters with respect to the performance of the business. The researchers then used Excel Solver in order to solve for the values of decision and deviational variables in order to find the optimal solution for this problem. In the findings, the researchers were able to conclude variables in which all the goals were achieved with respect to the system and goal constraints. The researchers were also able to provide a Goal Programming Formulation in which it is said to have the ability to help the business owner for improvement and certain adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of women in the management of Russian and Kazakhstani family-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the relationship with sole or shared ownership of SMEs. The authors first explore the factors and motivations that influenced the decision to become a business owner and highlight the key features of the development of women-led familyowned SMEs. Then they present and discuss the empirical data obtained through a series of in-depth interviews with female business owners, respondents from family-owned SMEs, who agreed to disclose information about themselves, their family and their business. The used questionnaire is a synthesis of the basic INTERGEN project questionnaire combined with questionnaire elaborated by authors and allowing to adapt the basic questions to the social and cultural characteristics of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as taking into account the realities of the post-COVID situation and subsequent political instability. The main findings show commonality among the respondents, including a strong sense of duty to one's own family, priority given to children, categorical denial of doing business with "friends" and skepticism about doing business with relatives. The analysis leads to the conclusion that Russian and Kazakhstani women's family-owned SMEs form competitive advantages based on building a network of mutually beneficial partnerships and networking, well-established quality control methods and compliance with their own obligations, intentional development of contacts leading to mutually beneficial cooperation; active use of e-commerce, digital CRM platforms and social networks (Instagram). Women business owners showed knowledge of modern digital technologies at a high level, a desire for self-education and improvement of business skills, while clearly demonstrating the ability to negotiate and solve problems through negotiations. This makes women highly valuable members of their own or shared family businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swappable batteries which are no longer used in electric motorcycles are hazardous waste. So, there is a need to make some efforts to extend battery life and process battery waste. The efforts to extend battery life by repairing, refurbishing, remanufacturing, and reusing as well as process batteries by recycling are circular businesses. The development of a circular battery swap business cannot only be carried out by one company but involves various companies and various stakeholders. This study seeks to identify the stakeholders involved in the development of a swappable battery circular business, identify the roles of stakeholders and conduct stakeholder mapping. Data collection was carried out through literature studies, observations, and in-depth interviews as well as distributing questionnaires. Data is processed using Mende low matrix and interactive analysis. The results of the study show that to develop a circular business of electric motorcycle swappable batteries, 30 stakeholders need to be involved. Stakeholders are mapped into four groups, namely key players, keep informed, keep satisfied, and low priority. Stakeholders who are included in the key player category are stakeholders who are the main priority because these stakeholders are important stakeholders and have a major influence in the development of circular business. There are 25 stakeholders included in the key player. The large number of key players shows that circular business development cannot only be carried out by one company, it needs to involve various stakeholders. Each stakeholder has a role in developing a circular business. Stakeholder roles include policy creator, coordinator, implementer, facilitator, and accelerator. Policies regarding battery waste already exist, but these policies need to be evaluated for their effectiveness. Coordination and communication are one of the keys to successful circular business development, therefore coordination and communication are always carried out and it is necessary to involve all existing stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature that studies firms' internationalisation has become very extensive and fragmented, taking different approaches and contributing across diverse facets of internationalisation. Therefore, there is a need to analyse and systematise those issues that received increasing attention in the international business field. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a systematic literature review on the internalisation process. We correspondingly make resources to the Web of Science database and analyse a total of 270 articles, spanning the period from 1996 to 2022, to identify the core issues and contributions made by the existing literature. The results enable the categorisation of the extant research into five main areas: (i) successful internationalisation, (ii) internationalisation strategies, (iii) failure and resilience, (iv) drivers and stimuli, and (v) barriers and obstacles. This structuring then established the grounds for grasping the gaps existing in the literature and to propose future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis, caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, has caused enormous damage to the entire world economy. This health crisis has caused the deepest recession since World War II, affecting economic activity on both the supply and demand sides. Globally, it has influenced the health and mental state of people, behavior in society, and it has had a great impact on business that feels global. From an ethical point of view, how companies around the world have responded to the challenge of the Covid-19 pandemic and how these new circumstances have affected their business thinking, many companies not only resisted unethical business practices during this crisis but were proactively involved in various activities, especially those that could help fight the virus. This study, aimed at Kosovo companies from different sectors, is based on qualitative scientific methods. The aim is to investigate and describe the (un) ethical behavior of companies in Kosovo during the pandemic. The paper discusses the organization of Kosovo companies during the Covid-19 crisis, their adaptation to the new situation, the difficulties they encountered, innovations that were necessary for the new market conditions, and the main issues of ethical and socially responsible behavior during the crisis. At the same time, the unethical profits of some companies due to the new situation were analyzed. Also, the results of our research show that Kosovo's economic sectors are unevenly affected. Small and medium-sized enterprises have been hit hardest, especially in the cultural and media events sector, but unlike them, the pharmaceutical sector has benefited the most from this crisis. Certainly, the coronavirus pandemic has had and will have significant implications for governments and society as a whole, and thus for business strategy and ethical attitudes of companies that, regardless of extraordinary circumstances, need to be minimized from corporate inconsistency and social irresponsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to identify the consequences of the CoVid-19 pandemic on business trends, focusing on Kosovo. In all countries, business is one of the main drivers of economic development, so any stagnation in this area means stagnation in the economy. The CoVid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on global economic trends. Kosovo with an economy in transition has felt these negative consequences - along with other economic areas - also in the field of business development, which field in Kosovo is developing and not really consolidated. Based on the processed statistics, it is noticed that no kind of business in the country has been left unaffected by the pandemic, starting from small individual businesses to joint stock companies, which businesses have covered many economic sectors such as gastronomy, tourism, food industry, agricultural sector, trade and so on. Also, the cessation of financing of capital investments by the government and the reorientation of finances to deal with the pandemic has had a negative impact on the working activity of many businesses, which has determined job cuts and rising unemployment. The research aims to identify the situation of businesses in the pandemic period, identifying the chain impact on economic development trends in countries, through economic indicators. The study provides factual data processed from a critical point of view, using the methodology of analytical processing of empirical data from official reports of local and international institutions, in order to find the way to a speedy recovery of businesses and the economic situation in Kosovo, not bypassing, other countries that can take the findings as a model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More efficient technologies and adaptations in work mainly create challenges for employees in the IT sector, who, in addition to search engines to solve problems, have recently turned more and more to chatbots. Chatbots are software systems whose goal is to automate and simplify certain tasks, and considering their widespread use today, a study was conducted that tries to answer the question of what impact ChatGPT creates on the work of employees in Croatian IT companies; in which IT area is its use the most dominant, what are its advantages and disadvantages, do search engines or ChatGPT dominate when it comes to solving problems, and what is the level of security and trust, and thus the perception of ChatGPT's development in the future. Using a survey questionnaire, it was confirmed that the full-stack development has used ChatGPT the most so far, its wide application was singled out as an advantage, while limited knowledge was also confirmed as a disadvantage. Conventional search engines still dominate in solving business challenges, and in a comprehensive review, the existing results, (and the IT population so far in the world), are very cautious about their use and have good attitudes about security and trust. The latest research show that the constant progress and improvement of ChatGPT is expected because they have encouraged their growing integration in different IT sectors, which will result in even more significant improvements in terms of access to problem solving for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislation such as the Equality Act 2010 has ensured that considerable progress has been made in tackling discrimination in relation to the 8 protected characteristics that are defined in law. UK HEIs are well-versed in monitoring the diversity of their workforce and ensuring that recruitment is compliant with the legislation. However as HEIs become more diverse, we need to ensure that 'cultural differences' and 'misunderstandings', do not become barriers to genuine equality of opportunity for BAME staff. This small-scale research project explores these questions with BAME staff working in higher education in the UK. Implications for leaders and managers and Human Resources professionals are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of human resources and environmentally responsible creativity via the lens of organizational factors is a highly effective, albeit constrained, method for predicting the complex interconnections necessary for the growth of sustainability in small and medium-sized organizations (SMEs). In an effort to overcome these limitations, the author of this article proposes three models, each of which contains variables operating on two levels: creativity development (operating at the individual level), sustainable product organizational innovation (operating at the organizational level), and sustainability development. The Structural Equation Model was utilized in order to provide feedback regarding the theoretical model. This demonstrates that one's knowledge, drive, and relationships with others can all function as predictors of creative output at the individual level. In addition to this, creativity is investigated in terms of its role as a mediator between the performance of sustainable product creation and human resources. With this approach, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have an easier time determining which human resource (HR) factors should be prioritized for Product Innovation Sustainability (PIP) performance. This is done with the intention of reducing the impact of the Covid-19 problem and creating a more sustainable world. An online questionnaire was given to a selection of Java-based small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in Indonesia, and their responses were used to compile the necessary data. The conclusions of this investigation provide credence to the most important discoveries, which were: (a) one's knowledge, (b) one's motivation, and (c) one's relationships all have a positive impact on creative output; (d) according to the three models, creative output fully mediates the relationship between human resources and the performance of Product Innovation Sustainability. This study makes a contribution to the existing body of research on human resources and the performance of Product Innovation Sustainability by adopting an approach that draws from multiple disciplines, conducting research at two levels, measuring the majority of the internal aspects of employees (want, emotion, idea, and feeling), and elaborating on the role of employee creativity as a mediator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P.T. Prima Sanitary is a private company located in Marunda, Bekasi City, producing portable washbins for public facilities. Activities carried out by the community during the COVID-19 pandemic require handwashing facilities provided in public places. This research begins with a market survey and conceptualization based on community needs. Based on the demand forecast with the quadratic method, P.T. Prima Sanitary will produce 6 units of product in a day with a selling price of Rp 3,550,000. To support product manufacturing, P.T. Prima Sanitary requires 25 office employees and 25 factory workers. P.T. Prima Sanitary uses a systematic layout planning method in making the layout to ensure the most efficient possible material movement distance. After that, a business feasibility study was carried out, with an initial capital of Rp 2,383,189,000. Then P.T. Prima Sanitary took 3.21 years or sold 9798 units of products to achieve a return on investment. Based on sensitivity analysis, it is not appropriate to run a business when the price of raw material costs increases by 40%, the cost of goods sold increases by 12%, and total revenue decreases by 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this article analyze the ecosystem approach to organizing businesses in the context of networking and digitalization of the economic landscape. Through their study, they analyze why entrepreneurship ecosystems are more effective than other types of integrated entities, identify factors that lead to the transformation of network entities into business ecosystems, and propose an approach to evaluating the overall effectiveness of entrepreneurial ecosystems. This approach takes into account the economic, social, and environmental components of efficiency, while considering the contributions of all members of the ecosystem, regardless of their individual contribution shares to the overall outcome of the ecosystem. The study's findings highlight that team productivity is a multidimensional concept with economic, environmental, and social aspects, while the results of individual participant's contributions can be evaluated in one or more dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-organizational networks appear in the literature as an alternative to collaborative arrangements to help the agribusiness sector in obtaining a competitive advantage and for the promotion of innovation. Obtaining complementary knowledge is one of the main reasons for the emergence of these networks. In this way, knowledge management can help in the creation and transfer of knowledge in a collaborative way between the network participants. However, there is a gap in the literature when it comes to studies of inter-organizational relations and knowledge management, especially in relation to networks in the agribusiness sector. In this context, the present study aims to deepen the studies by addressing: a) how scientific research has worked on networks and inter-organizational relations in agribusiness; and b) the role of KM as an element of viability of this arrangement model. In order to answer these questions, a literature review was carried out through a systematic search in the databases Web of Science and Scopus, in order to verify how the researches are discussing the topic. As a result, the potential contribution of intensifying studies involving KM as an element of enhancing the capabilities of inter-organizational network participants is highlighted, and that the absorptive capacity presents itself as an important theory to explain how organizations manage to explore new innovative knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New ideas and new products are the major strengths for revenue growth in today's vibrant commercial setting. The growing popularity of customer-orientated technological innovation has led to different approaches that feature customer involvement in new product development. The transition from an old model with no or little customer involvement to a customer-based approach that values customer feedback on innovations requires more attention to competitors in the field as their products are based on similar concepts. Innovation based on the customers' needs is a more commercially beneficial and interactive approach to fulfill the market need. Importantly, involving customers in the innovation process requires a new set of concerns, concepts, and decision-making: customers have a lot of options, and companies have to compete for business ever more intensely. When preparing a survey for market research, the main goal should be to validate consumer needs and willingness to buy the product. Determining the demographic to which the product appeals to can narrow down a target market and the features of the product that interest customers. Additionally, customer surveys, market analysis, and business plans are some important elements for success. How to conduct market research is especially vital. This article will focus on successful market research methods, sample survey questions, survey samples, results, and an analysis of productive innovations. New product designs developed by undergraduate students using market research will also be summarized. In addition, this work teaches students to master various skills, such as research, persistence, design, construction, and technical writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) play a central role in shaping the future through their ability to transmit, innovate and generate knowledge, near their students and community. They also establish strong relationship within society and the environment. Higher Education plays an important role in laying the foundations for the development of competencies for sustainable entrepreneurship, competencies that go beyond disciplinary knowledge and encompass skills, knowledge, and attitudes focused towards a holistic and sustainability-oriented approach. By preparing their students for the labour market, HEIs are proactively responding to the wide range of challenges that the dynamic and uncertain environment of the 21st-century presents. However, the demand is great and the road to be travelled is long. The literature review is extensive about the expected competencies, all indicating that they are critical success factors for individuals to ensure and sustain their career progression. Today's students are tomorrow leaders, players who can shape the world, make it a better place to live and work. Based on personal characteristics (attitudes and personality) and leadership, this study aims to contribute a better understanding of the relationships between these factors, with a particular focus on entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative approach, a questionnaire was given to undergraduate students of the Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave (IPCA), in Portugal. The data were analysed and discussed according to the possible impact of the entrepreneurial leader's behaviour and the performance of the HEI where he/she is inserted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Netflix is a company that implemented a disruptive innovation and shocked the business market with its way to create and deliver value to their customers, breaking away with the old way to watch a movie at home. The culture of freedom and responsibility engaged by a radical transparency is committed by the whole company where every kind of employee at all teams share ideas and know everything about the company’s strategy. This research consists of a description and analysis of the strategic approaches used by Netflix that explain its business success and demonstrates the technology and the business development made by one the most important players in the streaming service. It is entirely based on secondary data obtained through an exploratory literature review over the last ten years. The model by which Netflix manages its innovation process is based on agile frameworks who actively engage the developer’s team, team leaders, and top management and have the costumer at the center of the value stream. The internal culture of the firm, based on ample freedom and responsibility, and engaged by a radical transparency, is pursued by the whole company where every kind of employee, in all teams, share ideas and know everything about the company’s strategy. The article explores and emphasizes the main aspects of the company’s strategy to innovation which is based on the development of specific technological approaches based on purpose made algorithms that works to map the streaming user’s preferences. It is coupled with the implementation and constant dissemination of the agile mindset linked with frameworks, methods, and techniques such as Scrum, Kanban, and Agile at Scale, which together enable Netflix to sustain and promote its innovative business process. Netflix approach to innovation has become a model for many other companies over the globe to create an environment focused on customer centricity, elect quality as a statement, and align employees with strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]