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This volume collects several case studies on the relationship between government and higher education in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In particular these studies ask whether specific forms of government regulation help to solve the crisis of higher education in the developing world better than other forms of regulation. The papers are: "Government and Higher Education in Developing Nations: A Conceptual Framework" (G. Neave and F. van Vught); "Ghana: Relations between Government and Universities" (A. Sawyerr); "Kenya: Management of Higher Education in Developing Countries: The Relationship between the Government and Higher Education" (I. M. Omari); "Tanzania: The State and Higher Education" (J. C. Sivalon and B. Cooksey); "Uganda: Higher Education and the State" (T. O. Eisemon); "People's Republic of China: Autonomy and Accountability: An Analysis of the Changing Relationships between the Government and Universities" (W. Min); "India: Government and Higher Education" (T. Majumdar); "Philippines: The Anatomy of the Government-Higher Education Relationship" (A. Gonzalez); "Singapore: University Autonomy versus State Control: The Singapore Experience" (V. Selvaratnam); "Argentina: The Federal Government and the Universities": (C. Marquis); "Brazil: Higher Education and Government" (S. Schwartzman and L. Klein); "Chile: Government and Higher Education" (J. J. Brunner); "Mexico: Towards State Supervision? Changing Patterns of Governance in Mexican Higher Education" (D. C. Levy); "Conclusion" (G. Neave and F. van Vught). Contains a subject index. Most papers contain references. (JB)

This volume contains papers on strategies and mechanisms for developing, maintaining, and expanding the flow of students into the universities and polytechnics of the British Commonwealth's developing nations and for the extension of exchange between all Commonwealth developing nations. Part 1 contains introductory papers. Part 2 contains papers on academic interchange and institution building. Part 3 presents viewpoints from the Commonwealth nations; Part 4 contains papers on student flows from the post-industrial nations; and Part 5 contains research papers on mobility. The individual papers are: "Active, not Passive: A Commonwealth Agenda for Redirecting Student Flows" (Lalage Bown); "Towards a Commonwealth of Scholars: Developing Foreign Student Flows into Universities of the South" (Lalage Bown); "Trends, Problems and a Commonwealth Project" (Jasbir Singh); "Student Mobility Networks: The Case for a Commonwealth Scheme" (Elizabeth Dines); "Student Mobility and Internationalisation: A Perspective from the English-speaking Caribbean" (Ancilla Armstrong and J. E. Greene); "Academic Exchange: Student Flows, Exchange Schemes and Capacity Building in India" (Karuna Chanana Ahmad and Aparna Basu); "Policy, Expectations and Shortfalls: Nigerian Views and Experiences" (A. Jones Akinpelu); "Against the Grain? Student Mobility from Britain to Commonwealth Developing Countries" (Hilary Callan and Kate Steele); "Internationalising Canadian Universities: Student Mobility to Developing Countries" (Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada); "Academic Exchange Schemes in Malaysia" (Leong Yin Ching); "Two Contrasting African Cases: Kenya and Zimbabwe" (Parvin Walji and Peter Dzvimbo); "World Class Institutions and Student Mobility: The Indian Institutes of Technology" (Jayalakshmi Indiresan); and "Open to Talent: Higher Education in Singapore" (G. Gopinathan). Appendixes contain summary statistical tables on student mobility and a description of the Commonwealth Universities Study Abroad Consortium program. Contains 41 references. (JB)

This conference proceedings presents 17 papers which examine quality assurance and evaluation in higher education, including methodologies, procedures, and ideas from various nations. The papers include: (1) "Quality Assurance in Higher Education" (Malcolm Frazer); (2) "Academic Standards Panels in Australia" (Kwong Lee Dow); (3) "The French Comite National d'Evaluation" (Andre Staropoli); (4) "The German Experience" (Edgar Frackmann); (5) "The Hong Kong Initiative" (Allan Sensicle); (6) "Towards an Indian Accreditation System" (Ashoka Chandra); (7) "The Netherlands: The Inspectorate Perspective" (Jan Kalkwijk); (8) "External Quality Assessment, Servant of Two Masters? The Netherlands University Perspective" (Ton Vroeijenstijn); (9) "Evaluation Criteria and Evaluation Systems: Reflections on Development in Sweden and Some Other OECD Countries" (Marianne Bauer); (10) "The UK Academic Audit Unit" (Peter Williams); (11) "The US Accreditation System" (Marjorie Peace Lenn); (12) "Engineering Accreditation in the United States" (Leslie Benmark); (13) "Mutual Recognition and Transfer of Credits: Developments in Europe" (Fritz Dalichow); (14) "The Experience of Validation at Hong Kong Polytechnic" (Diana Mak and Austin Reid); (15) "Quality Assurance at the Open Learning Institute" (Gajaraj Dhanarajan and Andrea Hope); (16) "External Examining at Hong Kong University" (Leung Wai-sun and Shen Chun-ming); and (17) "Conclusion" (David Bethel). An appendix contains abstracts of six additional papers. (MDM)

This anthology contains 16 papers devoted to 3 aspects of human resources development (HRD): the institutional perspective on learning for development, the key actors in HRD, and the role of HRD in improving individual and organizational performance. The papers are: "Human Resources Development and Adjustment" (Kanawaty); "People-Oriented Policies: A Diagnostic Human Framework" (Fyfe); "Development of Management Capacity in the Public Service" (Corkerey); "Organizational Adaptation and the Role of Training" (Gooderham, Lund); "Training for Success: The National Training Awards--Lessons for British Business" (Tolley); "Trainer Skills for New Ways of Learning in Organizations" (Dixon); "Structuring the Line Manager into HRD" (Mann); "Involving Managers in Staff Development: A Jamaican View" (King); "Management Development: An African Perspective" (Jones); "Policy Parameters for Public Service Training in India" (Bhattacharya); "Developing Graduates in Ghana" (Bonsu); "Action Learning as a New Idea" (Jones); "Action Learning--Encountering Chinese Culture" (Pun); "Donor Delivery Style, Learning and Institutional Development" (Sahara); "Designing the Learning Organization: Building Learning Abilities into Organizations" (van der Zee); and "A Maverick Manifesto: Credo for the Professional Teacher" (Nandy). The bibliography lists 219 references, and several articles also include substantial bibliographies. Twelve figures and 15 tables are included. (MN)

This book contains a collection of papers dealing with various aspects of the careers of women in academic life from an international, comparative perspective. Information detailing the status of academic women in nine countries is included along with analyses of these women's experiences in socio-historical context. The papers are grouped in four sections. The first section contains an introductory essay, "In the Same Boat? Academic Women around the World," written by the editors. The essays in the second session attempt to define the problem; they include: "Women in UK Universities: The Road to Casualization?" by Adrienne Aziz; "Women: The Academic Proletariat in West Germany and The Netherlands," by Anne C. Hawkins and Dagmar Schultz; "Women Connecting with Women: Networks and Mentors in the United States," by Virginia E. O'Leary and Judith M. Mitchell; and "Would More Women Make a Difference? Academic Women in Israel," by Nina Toren. The third section, on barriers to productivity, contains "Life Cycle, Career Patterns and Gender Stratification in Academe: Breaking Myths and Exposing Truths," by Diane E. Davis and Helen S. Astin; "The Juggling Act: Work and Family in Norway," by Suzanne S. Lie; and "Role Priorities and Career Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Study of Turkish and Jordanian University Teachers," by Feride Acar. The fourth section presents four papers that look closely a particular groups: "African-American Women in Academia: Paradoxes and Barriers," by Pamela T. Reid; "Beyond the Boundaries: Lesbians in Academe," by Celia Kitzinger; "In Two Worlds: Women Academics in India," by Veena Gill; and "Women Professors in the USA: Where Are They?" by Jennie Farley. The final section contains three papers that suggest solutions and alternatives: "To Make of Our lives a Study: Feminist Education as Empowerment for Women," by Evelyn T. Beck; "A Feminist University in Norway," by Berit As; and "Strategies for Change," by Virginia E. O'Leary and Suzanne S. Lie. The book includes an index. Each of the papers includes extensive references. (JB)

This book introduces the concept of multimedia in education, and how multimedia technology could be implemented to impart digital education to university students. The book emphasizes the versatile use of technology enabled education through the research papers from distinguished academicians and researchers who are specifically working in this area. It benefits all those researchers who are enthusiastic about learning online and also for those academicians who are interested to work on various aspects of learning and teaching through technology.

The article offers step-by-step instructions to create an Indian-style decoration paper wall hanging.

This publication presents an overview of the Asia-Pacific Regional Planning Meeting on the Literacy Initiative for Empowerment (LIFE). Countries in Asia and the Pacific that participate in the LIFE initiative are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Papua New Guinea. The purpose of the meeting was to assist the participating countries with the organization of preparatory activities for implementing the LIFE initiative following creation of Country Profiles in 2005. This publication includes comments presented during question and answer sessions, plenary discussions and group discussions. The agenda items of the meeting are (1) Global Background and Development of LIFE; (2) Literacy Challenges in the Asia-Pacific Region; (3) Presentations and Discussion in Plenary of Bangladesh and Pakistan Country Papers; (4) Proposed Framework of Support Mechanism for LIFE Implementation; (5) Proposed Guidelines of LIFE Needs Assessment; (6) Country Group Work on Preparation of Draft Country Outlines/Frameworks for Needs Assessment; (7) Panel Presentations and Discussion on Addressing Literacy Needs of Excluded Groups; and (8) Presentation of Draft Country Outlines/Frameworks for Needs Assessments, LIFE Country Plans and Discussion on Follow-up. [Published by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education.]

This book, consisting of 13 papers, deals with the theory, practice, and reactions to participatory research in the area of social research for development. Included in the volume are the following papers: "Breaking the Monopoly of Knowledge: Research Methods, Participation, and Development," by Budd Hall; "Creating Alternative Research Methods: Learning to Do It by Doing it," by Paulo Freire; "The Militant Observer: A Sociological Alternative," by Rosisca Darcy and Miguel Darcy de Oliveira; "Persons, Not Respondents: Alternative Approaches in the Study of Social Processes," by Michael Pilsworth and Ralph Ruddock; "A Critique of Monopolistic Research," by Rajesh Tandon; "Participatory Research or Pretense? Reflections on the Research Phase of an Indonesian Experiment in Non-Formal Education," by Nat J. Colletta; "The Ambiguities of Peasant Participation: Problems of Participatory Research in a Non-conventional Education Project in Senegal," by Oliver LeBrun; "Research as Education for Development: A Tanzanian Case," by Marja-Liisa Swantz; "Research in the New Communities Project: An Urban Housing Estate in England," by Paul Fordham, Geoff Poulton, and Lawrence Randle; "Peasant Participation, Adult Education, and Agrarian Reform in Chile," by Francisco Vio Grossi; "One Step Forward: A Community Project in Northern Canada," by James A. Draper; "Agricultural Farm Workers' Union in India," by Kalpana Tandon and Kawaljit Singh; and "Ambiguities in Participatory Research," by L. Dave Brown. (MN)

There are at least 6,000--7,000 languages spoken in the world today, with over half of them endangered. And 61 percent of the endangered languages are within the Asia and Pacific Region. The publication is a report derived from the Regional (Asia and Pacific Region) Workshop on Mother Tongue/Bilingual Literacy Programs for Ethnic Minorities, held from 17 to 22 May 2004. Education in mother tongues/native languages (L1) side by side with official language (L2) is not yet a common phenomenon, especially among the ethnic minorities. The complexity comes not only from a scarcity of education content and materials in L1, how to transition from L1 to L2 as the medium of Instruction (MOI), and using both languages in learning, but also on L1 itself--the writing system. Speakers at the workshop suggested that literacy training in mother tongues could be done through formal and non-formal education settings. Activities such as action research on L1 acquisition, pilot projects, development of relevant teaching materials, and professional development for teachers in L1 could raise attention for not only literacy and Education For All, but also help to preserve traditional and local cultures. The publication includes (I) survey results on native languages and education in L1; (ll) case studies from Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam; (lll) approaches in introducing L1 and linkage to L2; and (lV) a survey of government policies in order to help policy makers design their own policy on education in mother tongue. Appended are: (1) Workshop Programme; and (2) List of Participants. [This document was published by the UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education and was supported by Japanese Funds-in-Trust.]

Chapter 10 of the book "Living the Information Society in Asia" is presented. It explores the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in customer acquisition and retention among small businesses in India. It also compares the effectiveness of mediated and face to face customer interactions and examines the different ways by which small businesses use ICT to acquire and retain customers.

Chapter 6 of the book "Living the Information Society in Asia" is presented. It explores the nature of moral panics in relation to cultural politics and information and communication technology (ICT) use in India. The various interpretations of modernity in India and how the concepts of tradition and modernity are battling for social supremacy in the country are also discussed.

The article explains why the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Australia and India need to cooperate with each other. Factors that drive the interdependence of ASEAN, Australia and India include the following, the changing dynamics of regional organization, increasing transnational threats and risks and the growing regional influence of China. Although still unbalanced, the ASEAN-Australia-Indian triad shows some degree of cooperation with regards to the realms of security.

Chapter 18 of the book "ASEAN India Australia: Towards Closer Engagement in a New Asia" is presented. It highlights Australia perspectives on law enforcement within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-India-Australian region. The exploitation of online technologies is changing the nature of transnational crime within the region. Law enforcement agencies need to develop not only bilateral police-to-police relationships but also global partnerships and partnerships with the private sector.

Chapter 17 of the book "ASEAN India Australia: Towards Closer Engagement in a New Asia" is presented. It explores an Indian perspective of maintaining maritime security in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-Australia-India triad. The Indian Navy is committed to provide maritime security through its interoperable roles and missions with other regional navies and with great power navies such as the U.S. and Russian navies.

Chapter 12 of the book "ASEAN India Australia: Towards Closer Engagement in a New Asia" is presented. It highlights how maritime security can be established and maintained in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). India and Australia play significant role in the maritime security of ASEAN. The ASEAN-Australia-India triad is committed to maintain international peace and security under the leadership of the United Nations.

Chapter 8 of the book "ASEAN India Australia: Towards Closer Engagement in a New Asia" is presented. It highlights the strategic implications of climate change in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), India and Australia. Among the possible negative effects of climate change include food and water scarcity, increased energy insecurity, increase in infectious diseases, and more occurrence of severe natural disasters.

Chapter 2 of the book "ASEAN India Australia: Towards Closer Engagement in a New Asia" is presented. It discusses East Asian regional architecture based on the perspectives of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The ASEAN-India-Australia triad plays significant role within the East Asia Summit (EAS) process. The non-confrontational approach of ASEAN with regards to establishing international relations and regional order makes it a central player in the regional architecture of East Asia.

Chapter 2 of the book "Southeast Asia in the Global Economy: Securing Competitiveness and Social Protection" is presented. It examines the extent to which India and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) can cooperate to manage jointly the challenges arising from globalization. It finds that ASEAN and India share a largely complementary relationship as regards their trade patterns, economic structures, and demographics. Included are tables showing their external and domestic macroeconomic indicators for 2003.

Chapter 10 of the book "Islamic Connections: Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia" is presented. It explores the appropriation of the image and idea of India in the Southeast Asian Tablighi movement. It focuses on conversion narratives of Southeast Asian Muslims who joined the Tablighi Jama'at, which is considered the largest transnational Muslim missionary movement worldwide. It also discusses the limitations of the limited sampling of Tablighi conversion narratives.

Chapter 3 of the book "Islamic Connections: Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia" is presented. It offers a more nuanced understanding of the connected history of Islamic traditions in Ma'bar or Tamil Nadu, India and Nusantara. It presents a background of Islam in Malayo-Tamil networks and presents several evidence of linkages between both regions. It also examines the dissemination of textual practices in an Arabic cosmopolis.

The article offers the author's insights on his expeditions and experiences in his world tour. The author discusses his prearranged job in Boston, Massachusetts, wherein he became a policy director for Robert C. Wood, president of the University of Massachusetts at Boston. He explores his authorship in February 1972 concerning the National Institute of Education (NIE) in the U.S. and his transformative and riveting travel and stay in India.He also relates the approval of his marriage plans.

Chapter II of the book "Three Sides in Search of a Triangle: Singapore-America-India Relations," by Asad-ul Iqbal Latif is presented. It focuses on the international relations of various countries which include Singapore, India, and the U.S. It cites Singapore's relation with the U.S. and discusses an overview on the country's foreign policy. It also notes the military relations of India with the U.S.

Chapter 2 of the book "Women Against the Raj: The Rani of Jhansi Regiment," by Joyce Chapman Lebra is presented. It discusses the uniqueness of the Bengali nationalism in India in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which featured revolutionary activities. It also explains the social implication of the partition of Bengal into East and West in 1905.

Chapter 34 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, P. Ramasamy is presented. It mentions the up-to-date information on the economic relationship of India and Taiwan. It also notes the high anticipation on the investment of Taiwan in India and the limitations of the relations of India and Taiwan.

Chapter 27 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, P. Ramasamy is presented. It mentions the community of Indians that are in Metro Manila, Philippines. It provides several information which includes the background of Indian history, their communities in Manila and the activities in the economy and society that they belong with. It searches on its connection and the attempts tackled by both of its government to improve their relations.

Chapter 19 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, and P. Ramasamy is presented. It explores the economic performance of the Indian community after the 1970 period. It notes that key performance indicators (KPIs) of the community has declined by 1970 to 2005. It offers an evaluation to the remedial actions taken to improve Indian economic performance.

Chapter 10 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, and P. Ramasamy is presented. It explores the character of Indians which can improve interactions with East Asian cultures and the Indian diaspora in other nations. It points out that Indians need respect and be recognized with their differences in the region.

Chapter 12 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, and P. Ramasamy is presented. It explores the international relation between India and China. Moreover, Indian scholar Kumarjeeva and Chinese monk Hsuan-Tsang, popular people symbolizing the consistent personal exchanges of India and China. It notes that the future of India-China relations depends on the cooperation of both countries.

Chapter 1 of the book "A New Energy Frontier: The Bay of Bengal Region," edited by Sudhir T. Devare is presented. It provides an overview concerning the petroleum industry condition in Bengal, India in 2008. It discusses various issues related to energy situation in the region where energy demand has increased with highly populated and developing area.

Chapter 3 of the book "A New Energy Frontier: The Bay of Bengal Region," edited by Sudhir T. Devare is presented. It cites the acquisition of the Bay of Bengal in India after the discoveries of energy resources like oil and natural gas products. It highlights the possible regional engagement, cooperation and implications of acquisition towards energy security in the country.

Chapter 2 of the book "Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia," edited by K. Kesavapany, A. Mani, and P. Ramasamy is presented. It discusses the slave distribution in India which serves as an image for the fragmentation and regionalization of the colonial Indian migration. It mentions that diversity and agency are the main features of migrations both in the past and at present. Moreover, it conveys a significant dimension to the historical diasporas.

Chapter 9 of the book "A New Energy Frontier: The Bay of Bengal Region," edited by Sudhir T. Devare is presented. It describes the energy infrastructure in Bengal, India where its security system of energy transportation was exposed to terrorist attacks. It discusses the significant concept of the country's energy supply chains, as well as the energy-related infrastructure vulnerability.

Chapter 3 of the book "India in the Making of Singapore" discusses Netaji Subjas Chandra Bose's significant role in India's relationship with Singapore. It gives an overview of the twelfth and final volume of his "Collected Works" which expresses his views of what was at stake for India and Singapore. Bose's legacy is said to have started an era that broke away from aristocratic control of colonized elites.

Chapter 1 of the book "India in the Making of Singapore" discusses Great Britain's control of resources of India, especially in Bengal, and Southeast Asia that advanced the company's trade with China, making the security of the Bay of Bengal inseparable with the South China Sea. It describes the role of Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles in Singapore becoming a multiracial trading city. Singapore became a cosmopolitan port with 85,000 people that was built on three kinds of trade namely, transshipment, import and export and its global market center.

Chapter 11 of the book "Between Rising Powers: China, Singapore & India," is presented. It explores the economic and political relations between Singapore and India, including the positions of both nations on Cold War-generated issues. Singapore is instrumental in the inclusion of India to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Indo-American and Sino-Indian relations are discussed, as well as the naval expansion of China and India in the Indian Ocean. Singapore's stake in better Sino-Indian ties is analyzed.

Chapter 1 of the book "Between Rising Powers: China, Singapore & India," is presented. International relations and diplomatic history between China, Singapore, and India are analyzed, along with a discussion of the alleged dissatisfaction of China over the apparent inclination of Singapore towards trade agreements with Taiwan and the U.S. Also presented are the tributary system of China, the Indian notion of the mandala or circle of kings, and the role of various nations in shaping Singapore.

Chapter 5 of the book "Between Rising Powers: China, Singapore & India," is presented. The Tiananmen Square in China is defined in the first part of the chapter as the symbolic meeting space of the emperor and his subjects. Significant events related to Tiananmen Square are explored, including those leading to the June 4, 1989 military crackdown. The return of Hong Kong to China from Great Britain under the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 is presented. The reaction of Singapore to both events is discussed.

Chapter 4 of the book "Between Rising Powers: China, Singapore & India," is presented. The reforms initiated by former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping to the economy of China is discussed at the beginning of the chapter, along with an analysis of the relation of communist China with its democracy-minded global partners. The role of Singapore as the interlocutor between China and the West is presented, including speeches from Singapore leaders emphasizing the necessity of engagement between Asian nations.

Chapter XV of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It explores the great contributions of missionary William Carey to the education of the people in India. It highlights the plan of Carey to reorganize Serampore College to make it the centre of higher ministerial training for all branches of the Indian church. It also mentions the developments of Serampore College.

Chapter XVI of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It explores the death of William Carey, the founder and father of modern missions. It mentions the financial problems encountered by the people in India when Wiliam Carey died. It also narrates all the influential works and contributions of Carey in India.

Chapter IX of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It mentions that missionary William Carey is the only scholar who could speak Sanskrit as fluently as Brahmans when he was driven to settle in Danish Serampore in India. It highlights the creation of the College of Fort William initated by Lord Wellesly. It also explores the appointment of Carey as the teacher of Sanskrit and Bengali languages.

Chapter XIV of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It highlights the life of William Carey as an educator. It also mentions that Carey and his colleagues had founded and managed 126 native schools comprising some 10,000 boys in India. It explores the letter of Carey for his colleagues and to the Board of the American Baptist General Convention concerning his idea to revolutionize China and Japan.

Chapter XI of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It highlights the efforts of missionary William Carey for literature and humanity in India. It mentions that Carey and his colleagues provided a newspaper that offers developments to the Bengali and to the moral and political education of the people.

Chapter VI of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It highlights the success of William Carey as a missionary in Bengal, India. It also explores the baptism of Bengali carpenter Krishna Pal. It mentions the effort of Krishna Pal of constructing the first native-meeting house in Bengal.

Chapter V of the book "The Life of William Carey, Shoemaker & Missionary," by George Smith is presented. It highlights the first missionary report of William Carey regarding his difficult life in Calcutta, India. It explores the action of fellow missionaries to help the situation of Carey and other missionaries.

Chapter IV of the book "The Life of Sir Richard Burton," by Thomas Wright is presented. It examines the resemblance of linguist Sir Richard Burton with his great hero, the Portingall Camoens, in terms of career and temperament. It explores the voyages of Burton in various cities in India. It discusses the impact of living in Sind for seven years on his life.