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A chapter from the book "Cutting Edges: Postmodern Critical Essays on 18th Century Satire," edited by James E. Gill is presented. It discusses how the contradiction in physical entities is resolved within early modern Europe and how the grotesque body represented in literature lost its potency during the early modern period as official culture cut its organic connections with popular culture. It cites the role of Sterne in body-politics that recuperated the body as a site of productive excess.

Chapter 9 of the book "Everyday Life: Middle Ages" is presented. It describes town life during the Middle Ages in Europe. It discusses the formation, layout and inhabitants of towns as well as the emergence of merchant and craft guilds. The prevalence of epidemics, such as the bubonic plague, and fires during the Middle Ages is also discussed.

Chapter 5 of the book "Everyday Life: Middle Ages" is presented. It focuses on legends, myths and other beliefs during the Middle Ages in Europe. It relates the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table and the legandary knight Roland. It describes mythical creatures such as including dragons and unicorns. It states some superstitions believed by the people in the Middle Ages and explains how these superstitions affects laws.

Chapter 2 of the book "Everyday Life: The Middle Ages" is presented. It describes the life on a manor during medieval Europe, including the common layout of manors and the three-field method of farming. It compares the two type of peasants that existed during this period, namely the freedmen and the serfs, and explains how serfs can earn their freedom. A discussion on the rights, duties, and way of life of serfs is presented.

A chapter of the book "European Identity in Cinema," edited by Wendy Everett is presented. It provides information whether Les Visiteurs which a form of cinema is popular in Europe. It mentions that the said form has been snubbed by cin éphiles, an art form, ignored by film critics and neglected by historians.

Chapter 6 of the book "Everyday Life: Renaissance, 2005" is presented. It discusses forms of entertainment during the Renaissance period. In 1332, bullfighting was introduced in the old Roman Colosseum. Other pastimes that Europeans enjoy during that period were watching and participating in festivals and carnivals, card playing and gambling with dice, and hunting.

The article presents information on the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) in Europe. The main aims of the BPD are presented. It explains the scope of the directive. The definition of a biocidal product is given. It describes the dossier that must be submitted by an applicant to be able to be given authorisation to market a biocidal product.

In this article, we have briefly presented a general model for the Out-Of-Shelf, examined the results of the European Out-Of-shelf Index, which addresses only fast-moving items, and briefly presented our method of work for the development of a new algorithm that could capture more OOS cases. Yet, the development of precise association rules is a matter of investigation. The dynamically changing environment and the existence of divergent cases regarding the Out-Of-shelf problem do not permit the development of one solution that fits all cases. Thus, an OOS algorithm requires careful analysis of the problem, which could be served by the incorporation of several variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the book AIDS in Europe: New Challenges for the Social Sciences edited by Jean-Paul Moatti, Yves Souteyrand, Annick Prieur, Theo Sandfort and Peter Aggleton. Major changes in the nature and dynamics of the AIDS epidemic over the last few years are reflected in changing epidemiological trends as well as in the progress made by biomedical research and treatment. AIDS in Europe brings together papers from leading social science researchers to look at the opportunities and challenges these changes bring in their wake and the different ways in which they are being responded to in both Western and Eastern Europe. Four main topics are covered: living with HIV and therapeutic advances, new perspectives on sexuality, drug use--user and policy perspectives and accounting for the epidemic. AIDS in Europe provides a comprehensive overview of current social and behavioural research on HIV and AIDS for all health professionals.

Deals with the media coverage of Bosnian refugees and illegal migration. Processes to which Europe found itself in its entry into the last decade of the 20th century; Factor indicative of the presence of a growing number of refugees after the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina; Object of media representations in Slovenia.

Focuses on the public service strategy used for digital television in Europe. Implication of the launch of digital terrestrial television for public service broadcasting organizations; Challenges faced by public service broadcasters; Step that broadcasters need to take in following the new media value chain.

Analyses the commonalities between producer William Shakespeare, the popular dramatist of aristocratic and courtly dilemmas. Nature of the relationship between U.S. television and its European and global markets; Analysis of audience responses acquired through opportunistic surveys of cultural consumers; Deficit of Europe in the balance of audiovisual trade with North America.

Argues that the effect of broadcasting, including the effect on social integration in Europe, was not inevitable. Cause of the emergence of the media of unification; Models of communication offered by author John Peters; Basic problem of modern broadcasters.

Focuses on initiatives taken as part of the agenda of media research in Europe, which started in October 2001. Motive of the European Commission for launching a web portal; Comment of Internal Market Commissioner Frits Bolkestein on the launch of the portal; Indication of the convergence of media.

Discusses the rate of adopting information society in Europe and the nature of the obstacles holding it up. Clusters of indicators used to measure Internet adoption; Methods of measuring Internet penetration using Eurobarometer data; Audience of broadcast media.

Explores the application of interactivity through several European case studies. Redundancy of journalism; Challenges of online news media; Differences between online news services of existing traditional news providers and Net-native providers in the strategies adopted towards users.

Analyzes the policy challenges to the development of an information society in Europe. Emphasis on telecommunications and broadcasting; Discourse and the process of policy making at the European level; Origin of imported fiction in several European countries.

This chapter describes the first appearance and early development of the industrial relations field outside North America. The beginning point is the United Kingdom. Although industrial relations was already institutionalized in the United States in the early 1920s, it did not gain a foothold in British universities until a decade later and remained in a quite marginal position until after the Second World War. After recounting these events, I offer some explanations for this disparate pattern. Outside of North America and the United Kingdom, industrial relations appeared in a substantive form in only two other places prior to the Second World War. The most important was the International Labour Organization (ILO). The birth of the ILO in 1919 coincided with the birth of the industrial relations field and the philosophies and objectives of the two were tightly linked. Also, the ILO played an important role in disseminating the idea and philosophy of industrial relations around the world through its publications and activities on behalf of improved labour standards. The other place industrial relations appeared in the interwar period was in the name and programmes of a Europe-based professional association of industrial welfare and personnel workers, the Industrial Relations Institute (IRI). Founded in 1925, the IRI sought to promote improved industrial efficiency and human welfare through a combined programme of scientific management, social work and economic planning. The IRI came to an end with the start of the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter presents an analysis of brainwashing theories in European parliamentary and administrative reports on cults and sects. Why brainwashing notions have been so readily adopted in the European context needs further analysis. One could say this has occurred because of the tendency to accept the word of apostates when claims are made and accounts offered about what happened to them when they joined newer religions. Those claims and accounts are apparently more culturally coherent if use is made of concepts such as brainwashing and mind control.

Chapter 6 of the book "We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship," by Étienne Balibar is presented. It correlates the meaning and definition of border, in relation to politics and globalization in Europe. It refers to the meanings of border, as defined by economist Georg Vobruba, in which he dismissed the hypothesis on the pure and disappearance of borders in the world in comparison to the modern political atmosphere that is greatly affected by globalization.

Chapter 5 of the book "We, the People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship," by Étienne Balibar is presented. It describes the period on the fall of real socialism or the end of communism in Europe. The author refers to his observations during the 1980s wherein Europe overcame series of communism from the Fall of Berlin, Germany down to end of Boris Yeltsin's reign in Russia. The author is also particular on the reestablishment of capitalism.

Chapter 1 of the book "Solutions in Dioxin and Mercury Removal" is presented. The chapter discusses legislation on emissions of dioxins, furans and heavy metals being implemented by the European Union (EU). Heavy metals are said to be a threat to health as it causes blood disorders, and liver and kidney disorders. The prevention of emissions of dioxins and heavy metals is under Directive 2000/76/EC.

EnerSearch is an industrial research consortium focused on information technology (IT) and energy. Its aim is to create and disseminate knowledge on how the use of advanced IT will impact the energy utility sector, particularly in view of the fact that this industry branch is being liberalized across Europe. This liberalization is leading to strong market competition, supplier choice for customers, and major changes in industry structure such as mergers and acquisitions that cut across the traditional regional-national monopolistic borderlines. EnerSearch carries out research projects to investigate such innovative possibilities.

Chapter Three of the book "Legitimacy and Power Politics: The American and French Revolutions in International Political Culture," by Mlada Bukovansky is presented. It outlines the attribution of the old regime as an international order with structural and constitutional likeness from its dominant states. It also highlights the political culture of Europe's old government, which influenced the strategic relationships between states.

Discusses the origin of the competency management movement in the European public sector. Evolution of public management and government personnel management in the continent; Advantages of the competency approach; Competence of the executive department and concern for the skills gap.

Part I of the book "The Ethnic Food Lover's Companion: Understanding the Cuisines of the World," by Eve Zibart is presented. It explores the history of the style of ethnic cooking in Europe. It also provides information on the basic cuisine of several countries in Europe including France, Italy and Germany.

Chapter 10 of the book "Vouchers & the Provision of Public Services" is presented. It discusses the use of vouchers for private schools and explores the similar programs of Canada, and countries from Europe and Asia. It highlights the benefits of such a program and the arguments for and against it. It discusses the interaction among school choice, private schools, and external examination systems.

In this article, the author aims to tell the inside story of business ethics in Europe in the last two decades of the century. In the process, the authors came across four questions: 1) Which target group or groups does business ethics in Europe envisage? 2) What exactly is the reception of the ethicists' endeavors among their academic peers, and what is it in the business world? 3) To what extent does the social and economic environment in Europe shape business ethics? and 4) Is it appropriate to present business ethics, first and foremost, as an academic discipline? The discussion of these questions lead to the tricky issues of 'Europe' as a shared experience and 'business ethics' as a social institution. The authors conclude that there is something like European business ethics in the traditional sense, but there is more. To elaborate business ethics at a specific level, we need conceptual instruments that, as yet, are only partly available. To determine which issues are in need of, and accessible to, moral coordination requires still a great deal of effort and cooperative exchange. To grasp the specificities of coordination issues and tradeoffs, attention should be given to what distinguishes the bearers of the European experience, and what unites them.

A section from chapter 5 of the book "The Columbia History of Western Philosophy," edited by Richard H. Popkin is presented. It offers information on the Kabbala denudata, or the transcendental, metaphysical, and theological teachings of the Jews that was published in two parts in 1677 and 1684 by 17th century Christian kabbalist Christian Knorr von Rosenroth. It mentions Christians who were influenced by the teachings. The study of the Kabbalah shows the significance of integrating Jewish history into the broader history of Europe.

Introduces the book " European Public Administration and Informatization," edited by P.H.A. Frissen, V.J.J.M. Bekkers, B.K. Brussaard, I.T.M. Snellen and M. Wolters and published by IOS Press. General background of the book; Large scale information systems; Information infrastructure; Contents of the publication; Administrative modernization.

Chapter XXIX of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It narrates how they faced changes and challenges the characters encountered. It explores how the characters adjusted in every lives's challenges they faced.

Chapter XXXIV of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It details their adventures and undertakings. It details how they faced their days that were filled in with both happiness and struggles.

Chapter XXXIII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It narrates their relationship with the people close to them. It focuses on the changes and development in the characters' lives.

Chapter XXVI of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. Furthermore, it provides information on their adventures and journeys in life.

Chapter XXVII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria.

Chapter XVI of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It focuses on the changes and development in the characters' lives.

Chapter XXV of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. Moreover, it details their adventures and undertakings. It narrates their relationship with the people close to them.

Chapter XXIV of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It provides information on the problems and moments of happiness of the characters' lives.

Chapter XX of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria.

Chapter XVIII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It narrates their relationship with the people close to them. It focuses on the changes and development in the characters' lives.

Chapter XIII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It narrates how they faced every lives's challenges they encountered.

Chapter XII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It provides information on their adventures and journeys in life.

Chapter VII of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It focuses on how the characters handled every challenges lives has to offer. It focuses on the changes and development in the characters' lives.

Chapter IV of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It details their adventures and undertakings.

Chapter II of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. It provides information on the problems and moments of happiness of the characters' lives.

Chapter I of the book "Havoc," by E. Philips Oppenheim is presented. It deals highlights the social and economic pressures of everyday lives of the main characters, when the countries of Europe were in a thicket of plots and alliances. It revolves around the creation of a secret alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria.

Chapter V of the book "The History of the Thirty Years' War" is presented. It discusses the ascension of Ferdinand, King of Hungary, as the new generalissimo of Roman Emperor Ferdinand II. It describes the siege of Ratisbon by Ferdinand and his ultimate success. It mentions the defeat of the Swedish army at Nordlingen and the demand for peace by the inhabitants of Germany.

Chapter IV of the book "The History of the Thirty Years' War" is presented. It describes the consequences of the death of Gustavus Adolphus, the Swedish king, on the union of Protestant members of the empire. It mentions about the formation of a closer alliance between France and Sweden and the revolt of Swedish army officers.

Chapter 7 of the book "History of the Catholic Church from the Renaissance to the French Revolution," by James MacCaffrey is presented. It focuses on the controversies concerning the Catholic doctrine on perfection and the spiritual life in Europe. It also discusses the efforts of the Church to defend the issues against its doctrines.