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Mining exports have a large share in Mexican exports, on the other hand, China has a high demand for minerals to carry out its development plans. This paper evaluates the economic impact of Mexican mining exports in the Chinese market. Likewise, an analysis of the mining sector for both economies is carried out. For this purpose, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RVA) method is used to find which Mexican mining products are the ones with RCA in the Chinese market. The results reveal that silver leads the mining sector, but copper is the leader in exports to China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender and feminist studies have been fertile ground of intellectual and academic work during the last decades producing theoretical frameworks to address problems related to gender equality in our societies, but they have also posed questions and discussions on the realm of knowledge production in the social sciences at an epistemological and methodological level. In this paper we account for the way in which the gender perspective has guided and informed the methodological approach and the research processes in three different disciplines --anthropology, social psychology and sociology--, through the authors' path in the study of different social issues related to gender. Through these paths we show how we integrated the gender perspective to construct our epistemic and methodological frameworks for different research objects: an ethnographic perspective around female indigenous migration; a qualitative sociological approach including interviews, ethnography and oral history for the study of families and emotions; and a narrative oriented psychosocial approach around the construction of trans identities and the study of violent masculinities. Subsequently, we bring these paths in dialogue, identifying common aspects and singularities, as well as inter and transdisciplinary challenges for gender research from the social sciences. The purpose of this dialogue is contributing to enrich possible ways to include the gender perspective, not only as a thematic field, but also as a methodological approach in the study of current social issues in our contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The journal Studies on Contemporary Cultures (ESCC) has transitioned from being printed to digital after almost four decades of publication. The first digital issue includes eleven research papers, essays, and reviews by authors from Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, Spain, and Morocco. The topics addressed in this issue include care and cultural diversity in nursing, symbols surrounding abortion, sustainability in university students, the history of drugs, gender studies, and the imaginary of the Arab/Muslim. The journal aims to promote reflection and interdisciplinary dialogue in the academic and scientific field. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents an analysis of the discipline of Transpacific Relations (RT as a theoretical body integrated by transpacific international relations (RIT) and transpacific economic relations (RET in Spanish words). Therefore, the goal of this paper is to understand the theoretical elements that comprise this discipline. From Economics, the predecessor models of international trade, while from the international relations, an international political context articulates nation-states based on international trade. Thus, it is possible to describe the Governance (G) within TR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the main determinants of tourism demand of the APEC economies in Mexico. Panel data analysis is used. The evidence demonstrates the effect of word of mouth, relative prices and distance on tourism demand in all cases. The income variable affects developed and developing economies, while accommodation capacity was significant in the full sample and in developing economies. This research gets insight into the main variables that influence the demand for tourism in Mexico. Finally, it is concluded that tourists share experiences and that both income and prices continue to be factors that affect the decision to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to better understand how the notion of cultural heritage in Mexican legislation is –and has been– used and abused, and its starting point is the legal environment of the cultural sphere as well as documents deriving from federal legislation. Through a qualitative approximation and an analysis of national and international regulations, a current landscape was sketched out of a social reality that is linked to social representations of the Mexican cultural heritage. This paper discusses the use and abuse of the notion of cultural heritage in legislation at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on contemporary religious practices and expressions of social groups influenced by the Catholic church in Western Mexico. The patronal festival in San Francisco Tesistán is exposed, under an ethnographic study, to describe its structure, organization and function. The category of popular religiosity is presented as an analytical model to address the explanations manifested in the social structure by the patron-client bond, providing meaning to the political, economic, and symbolic order. Reinforcing the category of popular religiosity, the analysis of the popular production points to subcultural groups within larger societies. Within this model, it seeks to contribute to the understanding of the “popular” in religious practices of a fragment of the population determined by the division of labor, in a space of invention, interpretation and representation. The symbolic power preserves memories, determines a common origin and crystallizes the holistic worldview in the social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose the need to commit to the Maya language –its learning and incorporation– in projects that involve Maya people. In the first part, we present the conceptual perspective and characterize the field of Communication and Social Change, in which we place our work. We argue that attention to minoritized languages is a priority in multilingual contexts, such as Yucatan, where inequalities persist in the social, cultural, epistemic, and linguistic spheres. In the second part, we address the work with urban youth, the majority of Maya origin, that we have carried out over a decade, in Mérida, Yucatán, emphasizing the methodological aspects of each stage. The first stage corresponds to a qualitative study, which allowed us to observe the presence of the Maya culture and the interruption of the intergenerational transmission of the Maya language in the families of young people. In the second, we designed a reflective workshop aimed at revaluing the Maya culture and language. In the third stage, we are conducting applied, daily work, promoting the learning of the Maya language and its incorporation into the activities that young people carry out in physical and virtual spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the historical trajectories of South-South and triangular cooperation and its dimensions in Latin America. Based on this information, the paper intends to assess the framework’s role as an instrument of public diplomacy in developing countries, which enables participating countries to strengthen their international presence and establish strategic alliances with other countries. Building on the theoretical perspective of the framework, the study analyzes specific Cuban cases of South-South cooperation, linking them with the characteristic elements of public diplomacy, and assesses their impact on international development cooperation. In conclusion, the paper contends that Cuba and South Korea should explore the possible concrete links between the elements of international development cooperation and those of public diplomacy, and seek opportunities to foster South-South cooperation as part of public diplomacy. This will help developing countries to discover and establish new forms of exchanges between them and strengthen their cooperative relations with partner countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary world politics, Taiwan is, for different reasons, a subject of great contention. The constant conflict it faces with Beijing over the claim to fully integrate it into its sovereignty, in the conception of a single China, limits its expectations as a possible independent state. Given this, and in a long-standing dispute, the groups in power, both in Beijing and in Taipei, confront each other precisely because of these visions, which is the object of constant encounters and disagreements. Thus, and intending to firmly maintain international recognition through a low-profile strategy, Taiwan has maintained formal ties with different states in different regions of the world, including Latin America and the Caribbean. This has allowed the use of its official links in some countries in the area, which are exposed to pressure from the government of the People’s Republic of China, which appears as a counterweight to Taipei’s efforts. With this background, the purpose of this paper is to describe that the presence of Taiwan in Latin America and the Caribbean depends on the ability of its political leaders to materialize initiatives whose impact is not of great importance in the dynamics of regional politics and economics. This will allow you to avoid situations that jeopardize the achievements achieved so far and allow you to continue with this status quo created over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades, Latin America experienced sustained growth in its trade with Asia. In the case of Argentina, the trade balance accounts for the significant weight of Asia Pacific in exports: China and India consolidated themselves as Argentina’s 2nd and 4th export destination in 2021. In the case of Beijing, which is consecrated as the second trading partner, Argentina has maintained a deficit balance since 2008. In this context, the growing link with other Asian countries with which it also shares a high economic complementarity, allows the design of a more balanced insertion strategy in Asia Pacific. In this way, the negative balances are offset by the trade surpluses that Argentina maintains with countries in the region such as Vietnam (3,220 million dollars), Indonesia (1,862 million) and India (4,293) million) (UN COMTRADE, 2022). Regarding the latter, bilateral trade recorded a record high in 2021, reaching a total of 5,686 million dollars (UN COMTRADE, 2022). At the same time, bilateral political-diplomatic relations are experiencing increasing development, establishing as both emerging Asian Strategic Associations from the 21st century, which project ties in the long term and expand the spheres of cooperation. This paper will analyze the main characteristics of Argentina’s political ties and trade relations with China and India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we outline the main features of a model of cooperative cultural organization in the city of Buenos Aires, through a qualitative analysis focused on a subsector of the arts that correlates various dimensions; sociopolitical, economic, cultural and territorial. It is based on the hypothesis that organizations regulated by reciprocity dedicated to artistic production and/or programming have the potential to establish such a relationship with their context, that it allows seeing and questioning hegemony. However, the practices of these actors are not determined exclusively by a habitus of reciprocal solidarity, but instead make room for the critical capacities of their members who prioritize various values and logics of action according to the nature of each situation. On the other hand, they are organizations located in a city marked by neoliberal policies, and therefore they are crossed by other elements of the culture of higher hierarchy and possibilities of incidence. Taking into account all this complexity, the research sought to understand how reciprocity is translated as an ethical and normative precept in the concrete practices of these urban cultural organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work researches the relationship between tourism activity and the knowledge economy, analyzing the cases of economies affiliated to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mechanism (APEC), using documentary research techniques in databases, academic articles and information obtained from international organizations. Papers on knowledge society and economy, competitiveness and theoretical models on the tourism system were consulted. Data were obtained on knowledge management, tourism competitiveness, as well as statistics on the knowledge economy, investment in research and development, human capital, population in higher education and international tourism data. Among the initial results, a relationship between investment in knowledge and tourism competitiveness was identified, along with a certain resistance among tourism organizations towards the adoption of knowledge management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term webtoon comes from the composition of web and cartoon and it starts to be used in 2000. Based in some way on the popularity of paper comics in South Korea, Daum website launched a webtoon service in 2003 for the first time. This work analyses the peculiarities of the Korean webtoon, specifically its verticality, adapted especially to mobile phones, and its transmediality, which facilitates the adaptation of these comics to other formats such as movies, TV series, novels, games, animation, etcétera. A list of the numerous webtoon adaptations to various media is collected, as well as the more detailed explanation of one of the paradigmatic webtoon in Korea: Misaeng. Webtoon's brief history in the domestic market and its vigorous expansion to the global market since 2013 (encircled within the popular Korean wave Hallyu) are explained. The strategies of the major webtoon companies (Naver, Daum, Kakao, and Lezhin) are briefly shown. The near constant growth in all parameters studied shows the vitality of the webtoon industry already in the global market, also with numerous works available in Spanish language. By approaching webtoon's authors and readers we aim to get a little closer to the phenomenon of webtoon and its success, especially among young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to social programs, the work of the governmental institutions tends to be welfare which restricts the development of the beneficiaries of social programs and its effectiveness. On the other hand, participatory techniques engage people in examining their own experiences and knowledge on everyday issues and practices. This process induces in the participants, the desire to modify social practices that can be limited to both health and socializations in the individual and collective spheres. The aim of this paper is to present a part of a research project on parenting and motherhood in which a programme of reflective workshops were designed and implemented. The reflective sessions were held by women who inhabit rural communities of Colima, Mexico. The sessions included topics related to the history of the communities, family and life experiences related to motherhood and child and adolescents parenting. This paper discusses the importance of participatory approaches in working with women and the potentialities of the reflexive workshops as a strategy of social research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's objective is to contribute to a better understanding of how the ideas about the context of the Philippines in the Pacific world changed in the tree centuries of the Early Modernity. With that in mind, the three most important chronists of the time have been consulted. Their works are, Relación de las islas Filipinas y de lo que en ellos han trabajado los padres de la Compañía de Jesús (1604), published in Rome and written by Pedro Chirino. Then, Historia de la provincia de filipina de la Compañía de Jesús. Printed in Manila in 1749, and written by Pedro Murillo Velarde. Finally, the Historia de las islas Filipinas compuesta por el reverendo padre lector Fry Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga del orden de San Agustín, published in Sampaloc in 1803. These three authors have in common their membership to the ecclesiastical stamen, although they wrote from very different times and circumstances. This discussion contributes to a better comprehension of the Early Globalization phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of this paper it's not a minor question. Thousands of young people who graduate from higher education institutions do not find a job, which leads to disappointment and dismay as they face a restrictive production structure unable to accommodate them. The paper shows, from a different angle the complex relationships that impact both the macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions of Japan and Mexico, by examining the congruence between the policies of higher education and employment for the benefit of the population. The conclusion suggests the necessity of both countries to make more efforts for the improvement of domestic conditions in each of them, so that those efforts can have an impact on raising awareness over this matter that affects the young population directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Ipcc, concerning climate change impacts, present and potential vulnerabilities in the biophysical and socioeconomic areas, and the possibilities to affront these through adaptation policies and actions in the Asian Southeast. Risk, vulnerabilities and adaptation options are presented, followed by an assessment of opportunities, resilience, and limits related to adaptation. Section 1.A of First Part characterizes observed impacts, vulnerability, exposure, and present adaptation responses. Section 1.B examines risks and opportunities. In the Second Part, Section 2.A considers the principles for an efficient adaptation, and the links between adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development; Section 2.B is cantered on regional cooperation mechanism on adaptation issues (Apan), as well as collaboration issues on subnational level and within the countries. The paper concludes that the prospective of resilient pathways to sustainable development are related closely to the transformation of economic, social, technological and political decisions and actions that simultaneously enhance the social and economic wellbeing and the responsible management of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian Federation (Russia) has two enormous economic challenges: to advance into transition towards a market economy and to design and maintain a trade policy that strengthens its productive apparatus. These challenges have generated political, productive and commercial tensions both with its partners in the Euro Asian Economic Union (EAEU) and with other countries. Foreign-oriented economic reforms with trade and investment liberalization, accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the entry which came into force on January 1, 2015 of the Treaty establishing the UEEA are key to the economic analysis and the results obtained. The objective of this paper is to propose the analysis of these three elements: economic reforms, WTO and UEEA commitments as the sources of economic results and the future perspectives of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the relationship between the foundation, consolidation and reinvention of the political elite in the People's Republic of China and the search to modernization from an historical perspective. To do this, this article proposes that modernity is a political project that has been an important ideological justification. This justification allowed that Chinese Communist Party took the political power. Also, the project of modernization has favored the reinvention of the political elite. The contribution of this paper is to present this process and the particular characteristics of Chinese history. In conclusion, this paper suggests that the search to modernization has been a constitutive element with deep historical roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the development strategy of the information and communication technology industries of the Republic of Korea from the point of view of governmental policies --which derives in its position as one of the vanguard countries in terms of electronic government and which places the sector as central to the growth of its economy--, and also addresses the export of systems or components of electronic government --this understood within a wide range that includes: consultation, design, software, hardware, among others-- to Latin American countries. It is argued here that intergovernmental cooperation aims to facilitate the entry of South Korean companies into Latin American markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research paper is to determine the incidence of commercial openness, through FDI and exports, in the generation of technological capabilities in the Mexican manufacturing industry. For this purpose, six multiple regression models were developed, with cross-sectional data and using ordinary least squares. The results of the first five models were established for the years 1992, 1995, 1999, 2001 and 2005, and showed that the variables related to the commercial opening determined, by more than 50%, the development of technological capabilities. Likewise, from model 6 we can see that, in 2012, 70.5% of the development of technological capabilities in the country's manufacturing industry is a consequence of the commercial opening. This is how it is strengthening the generation of favorable investment environments and the development of linkages with the productive, social and educational sectors of the country is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has entered the new millennium with the goal of returning to the club of the great world powers and is running as the clearest candidate to dispute the hegemonic power of the United States. The "Chinese dream of revitalization of the great Chinese nation" and the "community of destiny" have become two of the main foreign policy purposes of the current president, Xi Jinping. In both concepts, the economic arena occupies a priority place. In this context, the economic statecraft, understood as the manipulation of international economic activities by a State to achieve strategic objectives (Norris, 2010) becomes a fundamental tool for Beijing in the framework of consolidation of its global power. It has also become an effective means to attract Latin American countries, rich in the natural resources that China needs to sustain its economic growth rates. In this regard, the Asian giant has established strategic partnerships aimed at strengthening ties with Beijing, which focus on trade, investment and finance (priority areas of action in the economic statecraft). This paper intends to analyze the economic statecraft that China deploys in Latin America and its link with the establishment of strategic associations in the region, in order to understand if they contribute to give an institutional framework to the economic policy of power that China deploys in the region. For this, we will take the case of the Argentina-China relationship at the beginning of the 21st century, analyzing its process of approach and evolution of bilateral political-diplomatic relations until the signing of the 2014 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture is a broad concept that crosses different social sciences, especially after the cultural turn of the mid-twentieth century, before that was mainly the subject of anthropology. This paper focuses on various current theoretical principals that deal with culture and sets special emphasis on the debate on information/communication. The idea is to escape from different binary oppositions and look for complex and dialectical concepts that help us establish truly interdisciplinary debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper deal with the analyses of the information obtained in Cuba related to the influence of climatic factors on the production and quality of grasses and forages. The results showed that: the species within the genus and varieties showed a particular and specific response to climatic factors; the same variety of grass responded differently in both seasons of the year; minimum temperatures lower than 15 ºC and maximum lower than 27 ºC, as well as the number rainy days, had a marked effect; the models between yield and quality with the elements of the climate had high complexity and when comparing Pennisetum purpureum (as an experimental model) it showed higher height and lower yield in the 2000s compared to the ´60s. The results showed the specific response of each grass against the climate indicators, like the mathematical models that relate it, as well as the change that the climate has undergone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the outcomes of some forecasting models of financial returns. Specifically, the aim of this research is to determine which model explains the outcomes of the returns of China’s Shenzhen Stock Exchange (szse). Thus, we perform tests under the portfolio formation procedure, following the methodology of Fama and French and the two-step regression, and the methodology of Bornholt. We conclude, from the analysis, that the best forecasting Model of returns for the szse in Guangdong, China for the period 2002-2009 turns to be the three-factor model of Fama and French. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the Mexican foreign policy actions made during the six years term of Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018) in the face of China’s growing power and global influence, while both countries were aiming to become global players. The emphasis lies on convergent areas of opportunity and divergent critical assumptions. The scope of bilateral agreements signed between Mexico and China will be analyzed based on the events, diplomatic speeches and academic research papers. This work demonstrates and concludes that most agreements did not prosper satisfactorily due to an internal context in Mexico mired by corruption scandals, social violence and institutional fragility as well as the long-era of U.S. hegemonic role in Latin America. These internal and external factors prevented China from negotiating the scheduled agenda they had envisioned toward Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the Mexican cultural policies, focuses on Hidalgo State. Specifically, which are the actions taken towards to indigenous population to encourage or inhibit them in being attend on this type of programs. For this, we are going to make use of a retrospective policy design analysis, focus on the existing relation between culture and development. We are going to analyze, particularly, the Fondo de Fomento Artesanal, program in the care of promotion and encourage of cultural products made by indigenous artisans and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the areas of concern of Cultural Management focuses on the study and promotion of collective processes that allow innovations that enable human development through civil participation. This paper analyzes the action promoted by organizations of the non-profit sector or the third sector whose objectives are focused on cultural action. The study is developed through a characterization that allows to obtain a description from a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach, from the third sector organizations in two municipalities of the states of Aguascalientes and Sonora, Mexico. The objective is to identify characteristics related to organizational-administrative aspects and aspects of the culture's vision that underlies the management models used by these organizations that focus on cultural action with specific objectives, activities and organizational structure, whether with legal framework or informal status. The present characterization allows us to locate areas of opportunity for this disciplinary field with high transforming potential. On the other hand, the contribution that is made through the action of civil society to cultural needs is well worth the exploration of the trajectory that runs through the philosophical conception embodied in the cultural policies that organizations implement aimed at specific areas of action exercised through the selection of certain intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks for new innovative concepts and theories to improve in development's planning knowledge, it's sustained in the lecture and analysis of new innovative development fields papers to make order and interrelate them for building a new structural base to stand a contemporary economic and social development science that be able to introduce and embody spatial and regional analysis, it tries to point out the strategic place played today by world cities, the migration flows and science and technology in the development and integration of countries, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how there has been an illusion of multiculturalism in Mexico inspired by a reductionist "assimilationist racism" through the notion that "Mexican" is a mixture of "Hispanic" and "Indigenous". On the basis of a semiohistoric analysis of two Mexican animated children's films: "La leyenda de la Nahuala" (2007), by Ricardo Arnaiz, and "Héroes verdaderos. Episodio: Independencia" (2010), by Carlos Kuri, as well as a discussion about the construction of official narratives in Mexico, this paper identifies a series of reasons and arguments that reflect what has been defined as "Mexican" in historic and media terms, considering the fact that both films reproduce ideas that generate strong imprints on a young audience, perpetuating this illusion of multiculturalism. Finally, this analysis shows how even though since the seventies the Mexican government sought to move towards multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism, the reality has been that Mexico keeps representing the "Indigenous" as passive and traditional, whereas the "Hispanic" is represented as active and modern, limiting the possibility of creating narratives from the indigenous voices and identities in media without connoting a certain slowdown or obsolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper has objective informer the compartment the Weeds Global Invasive in sugar cane crop Saccharum spp. L. (WWGIS) with climate change for Green House Effect. The WWGIS-Worst Weed Global Invasive in Latina American and Caribbean were selection in the I and II curse of weed biology and management in sugarcane, Tabasco sugarcane, 2010-2013. The results of the first course were highlighted by the participants and corroborated in the second. These plants growth in habitats worm and limited water available. The species selections are: 1) ROOEX-Rottboellia exaltata L.f.1782; 2) TRCYN- Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde, 1904; 3) CYNDA-Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1805; 4) CYNPL-Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg.1907; 5) CHRPO-Chloris elata Desv, 1831; 6) PANPU-Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, 1919; 7) DIGNU-Digitaria nuda Schumach, 1827; 8) DIGAD-Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, 1802; 9) PANMA-Panicum maximum Jacq. 1781; 10) SORHA-Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 1805; 11) CYPRO-Cyperus rotundus L. 1753; 12) SYNPO-Syngonium podophyllum Schott, 1851. Ten plants per square meter of each species were height determined. The WWGIS excluded the total organisms in this habitat. With climate changes, there was an increase of 1.03 °C since 1981, alter their biological behavior, with difficult and onerous weed control. With appearance of dwarf plants and produced seeds in winter. After 2005 the biological comportment were graduates altered with normal seeds productions in spring, summer and winter, showed mini plants 0.10-1.30 m high. The behavior of PMIGS is directly linked to the highest minimum winter temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as its main topic the construction of otherness/alterity through semantic and discursive strategies, which allow hiding discrimination and presenting oneself as being tolerant, inclusive and with an attitude of acceptance: what it is called "subtle prejuidice". The main objetive of this research is to analyse how discrimination is constructed and transmitted through a discourse apparently inclusive and politically correct, while it conceals the social negotiation of power and what is public and allowed or prohibited. The case study is the topic of discrimination and homofobia, in the context of the legislation approving same sex marriage in 2016. We used 120 semistructured interviews applied in Mexico City and the metropolitan area. The study locates itself in the thematic area of cultural politics, cultural studies and the linguistic turn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta) carried out beginning in August 2017 is one of the most important events associated to the new US protectionist policy. The objective of this paper is to analyze the data related to some of the topics that are discussed, with the intention of separating the figures from the political arguments that have been put forward. The hypothesis is confirmed: the argument that attributes the US trade deficit to unfair exports has been imposed onto the results of the regional productive integration resulting as a result of 23 years of NAFTA operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine the seed quality of 20 accessions of herbaceous legumes. The seeds were from a collection mission carried out in the Ciego de Ávila province, located in the central region of Cuba. Afterwards a germination test (with seed coat cut) was conducted on all the material in glass Petri dishes with filter paper according to the recommendations made by ISTA. The number of seeds used was variable in each accession and a completely randomized design was used with two and four replicas according to the seed availability. High quality was obtained in the seeds of the accessions Galactea spiciformis (Cruise 1 provenance), Calopogonium caeruleum and Lablab purpureus with 100, 80 and 70%, respectively, which did not occur in Centrosema plumieri, Centrosema molle and Galactea spiciformis (these last two of the Florencia provenance) which did not germinate. Most of the accessions achieved 100% survival in the ones sown in bags as well as in the field of the total accessions that survived, 50% of those planted in bags reached 100%, while 70% of those planted in the field obtained it. The accessions Lablab purpureus, Centrosema plumieri, Centrosema molle and Galactea spiciformis (Florencia provenance) did not survive in one medium or the other. It is concluded that the species Galactea spiciformis and Calopogonium caeruleum (both of the provenance Cruise 1) were the ones that showed the best results regarding the quality of the seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper disccuses the Nelder designs used in forestry research from 1962 to the present. These designs have a circular, semicircular or quadrant shape and can be used on small plots to evaluate a plantation's growth at different densities. Because the treatments are not random, the data cannot be analyzed by traditional analysis of variance. Another disadvantage of its use is mortality, which can affect the data of the lost tree and the four adjacent ones; therefore, the effect must be reduced by seeking replication of the design and, in the early stages of the experiment, replanting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory Action Research (PAR) involves a commitment to social change. Therefore, it aims not merely to study culture but (re)create social consensus about what is (un)fair and (im)possible. To accomplish this purpose requires an ongoing process of "reflexive surveillance", to orient and revise the process and to supervise the role of academic intervention. In order to achieve that purpose, we need to establish certain parameters to orient ourselves in the fog of social commitment and knowledge construction. I present in this paper some methodological insights developed after ten years of working in action research. First, I introduce the methodological and theoretic basis of the approach we have defined over these ten years. Then I develop a reflexive exercise by studying a conflict that had arisen within the PAR team I took part in. At that moment, we were working on the implementation of a social program that promoted the construction of social solidarity plants for solid urban waste classification and selling. Our main challenge was to contribute to the development of a kind of "cooperative culture" that would permit administering the plant consistent with the principles of a solidary economy. The conflict inside our team expressed itself when we noticed that the results of the participatory dynamic were too distant from our purposes and convictions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to make a methodological contribution. Departing from the definition of habitus as schemes of thought, perception, evaluation and action, I put forward a modified version of the Greimas' actantial schemes for the analysis of narrative, as a methodological tool to Construct And Make Visible The Habitus In Empirical Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the Japanese occupation of Taiwan from 1895 to 1945. It also explores the development of the Sino- Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the process of colonization. It explains the strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese military and civilian governments. It demonstrates that although the Japanese occupation brought economic welfare, it also brought discrimination towards Taiwanese people. The paper looks at the movement organized by Taiwanese intellectuals and students who wanted to gain political participation. Final remarks are given about the fifty years that Taiwan was occupied by the Japanese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the improvements and challenges that Japan has been facing between 1983 and 2007. The paper explores the interaction among the different stakeholders --i.e. the Japanese Government, international organizations and civil society- to advance full access to citizenship regarding gender equality, the elimination of social and physical barriers for the inclusion of people with disabilities and elderly persons; ethnic minorities --specifically the situation of the Ainu people and the Buraku community--and the persons considered as "foreigners" living in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a result of ethnographic research about talking and associative life in public markets in south-east Mexico. The paper proposes to revise some aspects of the social psychological, linguistic and anthropological theories about passion, and especially envy, based on a constructionist and interpretative perspective. The paper explores some notions of metaphoric and narrative analysis, the possibilities of these strategies for developing cultural analysis of interaction situations in the ordinary life of these urban institutions, its actors and emotions involved including those of the analyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the lingkage between higher education and employment policies in Thailand. At the same time it presents some aspects of the labour market in relationship with the higher education supply (private and public) and with the demand of skilled labour force. The paper also shows issues of the actualy higher education and employment policies for the understanding between their no-lingkage of both of them for the development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the relationships between Japan and the other two East Asian powers, namely China and South Korea is the main purpose of this essay. The main features of the connections among Japan and China and among Japan and South Korea are exposed in the paper, taking into account the strategic implications of the studied area in the contemporary geopolitics. The role of the Unites States in the historical background of their associations is a main topic to explain the evolution of their interactions. In the same way, the economic progress recorded by these countries, is an important issue analyzed in this document, pointing out the surprising force of the Japanese economy, the rise of China in the world arena and the difficult situation faced by the divided Korean peninsula which impact South Korean plans to project its strength as an emerging power. Thus Japan as an economic power has a key role in the national scenes of China and South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is carried out in Mexico and analyzes the context and integration of the blueberry supply chain in Mexico and Chile. The linking of the links made it possible to identify performance problems (area sown, productivity, yield per hectare, commercialization and export) in this industry. This paper information is based upon unstructured open interviews with technical experts, producers, specialists and entrepreneurs, as well as the consultation of database, technical reports and research of institutions related to this agroindustry. Thus, the results of this research show that the source of the problems of blueberry supply in Mexico, focuses on the lack of direct and indirect integration of its strategies to reach its consumers without intermediaries, the diversification of byproducts, as well as the lack of innovation in marketing and export logistics. The above analysis is of great importance for the integration of the supply chain of this agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative diagnosis, in terms of productivity and competitiveness, between the agricultural sectors of Mexico and 18 economies of apec in the period 1980-2015. The Mexican agricultural sector is a fundamental and traditional element of the national dynamics. Therefore, establishing mechanisms that improve their productivity and competitiveness in the apec region is essential for the country to aspire to higher levels of economic development. In order to determine the productivity and competitiveness of the Mexican agricultural sector in apec, the Total Productivity of the Factors of Hernández Laos (1993) and of the Competitiveness Revealed by Balassa (1965) and Vollrath (1991) were used. The results of the models show that the agricultural sector of Mexico had a revealed competitiveness in relation to the Brunei, China, South Korea, Japan, Peru, Russia and Singapore, being the partial productivity of the work its main determinant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will analyze the thinking of the French philosopher René Girard about the mimetic desire that is produced in society and its derivation towards the mechanism of scapegoat. This thinker starts from the fact that we all move through this mimicry and that it can be mobilized until it reaches violence, removing and annihilating the person or group considered as guilty. As an example, two cases of social violence occurred in Korea: first, the woman who refused to clean her dog's excrement in the subway, known as "the dog poop girl", and second, another young woman who commented on a television show that short men were losers, and was named "loser girl". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the social representations of material culture associated with the harvest of cocoa, of afro-descendant women of the community Panaquire (Miranda State, Venezuela). It will deepen the local knowledge that they have of this productive activity, which involves a large part of their material culture, while making social choices and actions, as essential components of a particular technological system. We have used the theoretical perspective of social representation of technology (Lemonnier, 1992:4), since it facilitates understanding and systematizing the knowledge, skills and experience of the panaquireña women. With this we intend to demonstrate the importance of women in cocoa production, since they are the ones who give social cohesion to this production process. This research is based on fieldwork conducted in Panaquire, between 2010 and 2013, where we applied methodological tools such as participant observation and open and semi-structured interviews of older women of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to present the methodological strategy for the study of the socio-cultural construction of the identity of drug-using students (ECD) to know if their representations influence the construction of a social identity susceptible to social exclusion. In that sense, the focus for the study of this problem is anthropological and ethnographic work was carried out during 2004-2007. The collection of information was through the application of protocols for the observation of contexts, as well as interviews with several key actors, and thematic oral histories of ECDs. Thematic content analysis was applied. Information between sources was also triangulated. ECDs were represented as lacking a school identity bond, young people who do not internalize school norms, an issue that allows teachers to deny them the opportunity to progress academically, thus legitimizing their educational exclusion. The use of drugs (CD) and other practices (participating in fights, stealing, selling drugs, evading authority) were representative of their individual and collective identity. These practices were not assumed as a product of decision, but were part of their primary socialization. Institutions should interpret the meanings that young people give to CD and associated practices, not impose values and practice around drug rejection. They should aim at equalizing possibilities of social integration, overcoming socio-economic conditions and freeing young people from stigmatizing constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present an epistemic and methodological reflection on the observation/collection/analysis model called Performative Triad (Tríada performativa), which was designed for the qualitative study on the comprehension of the collective actions of social organizations in Bogota, using the emotional dimension as epistemic lens. The study distances from the construction of emotions as reified and independent objects, and instead, it concentrates on the function that corporeal and emotional (corpo-emotional) processes achieve as the grid of a cultural matrix that reveals a collective and moral normative order, which take the form of ethical and moral sanctions, behavior codes, and a whole system of loyalties and mistrust between subjects and communities. The Performative Triad is designed as a model that convenes dynamic and creative meetings among the different interlocutors of the research through three methods that end up mobilizing corpo-emotional processes around a topic. The model is a complex structure that blends methodology, theory and epistemology in order to approach the sociocultural matrix that constitute all the social organizations of the study as emotional communities. In this way, we could understand the multiple reciprocities entangling their members with the context they act upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an anthropological approach to a group of black women of the city of Santa Fe (Argentina). The aim is to describe some of the thoughts and actions undertaken by them to make public the historical connection between sectors of the popular classes of Santa Fe and the African and Afro-descendant presence in Argentina, and more specifically on the Litoral (northern coast) In particular, from their self-affirmation as "women, black and Argentine", I will begin with the ethnographic description of the oldest institution in the country exposed to afro-descendant issues, and a personal history of one of the women within it. Then were will be an analysis of performances linked to the practice of "candombe" (a form of ritual dance), in order to understand the recurrence of images and aesthetics that refer to the colonial regime -in transition to a republican one, keys in the production of a racial-sexual stereotype about the black woman, and a school imaginary crystallizing blackness, and the image most closely associated with an African and Afro-descendant presence in the country. It will conclude with some thoughts and questions about the specific local conditions that produced the identity of these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]