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The content of the 847 papers presented by authors from Spanish universities at the six conferences of the Spanish Association for Communication Research (AE-IC) is analyzed. The six conferences were held in Santiago de Compostela (2008), Malaga (2010), Tarragona (2012), Bilbao (2014), Madrid (2016), and Salamanca (2018). The research variables of study are: author's profiles, geographic location, gender, home university, most commonly studied topics, and considered media. The results confirm that the gender divide no longer exist: in fact, there are more female than male authors. Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona exhibit the highest rates of participation, and Madrid and Catalonia are the most active regions, followed by Andalusia and Valencia. The topics treated are quite diverse, with the study of media content standing out, mainly those focused on political communication. Other common topics are the impact of the digital age, and audiovisual media structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineering Without Borders of the Basque Country (ISF - MGI), we are an NGO that develops its activity in the heart of university and in intrenational cooperation for development. We aim to involve people of different studies, experiences and cultures, into a Sustainable Human Development filosophy in which science and technology serve to social and emotional ends, towards wellbeing and in harmony with nature. We are comitted to a transforming education that questions the stereotypes under which we have been educated, the recognition hierarchy of the different disciplines, the social structure under which the paths that have brought us to present have been moulded, and ultimately, the educating system. We aim for a participative education, where comprehension has to do with an inner transformation of the person, and whose work is based on solving people's real problems, with the purpose of encouraging a science and technology at the service of people. With this purpose we have published Aplicación del Enfoque de Género en Proyectos TFG y TFM (Applying a Gender Perspective on End of Degree and End of Masters Reseach Papers), which aims to be a practical guide to afront investigation with a gender perspective. In the same we enphasise the areas in which ISF-MGI works: science and technology, university and international cooperation for development, although it could be valid for any discipline. With this guide we offer some clues on how to put on our "purple glasses" and collaborate in trnasforming the university through a feminist point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines associative participation in Spanish society from a gender perspective, focusing on participation levels, associative integration and forms of associationism. The following research questions were formulated: “Do levels of associative participation differ between men and women?” and “Do men and women participate in the same type of associations?”. To respond to these questions, data from the 2019 Survey on Social Capital in Spain was analyzed. This data is representative at a national level, and descriptive, correlational and ordered logistic regression analyses were performed. It was concluded that evidence supports a burden of gender roles in terms of associationism, especially for political associationism, creating a ceiling effect for participation and even social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging has positioned as a key demographic change. This paper analyzes the characteristics of older adults in situations of dependence, care strategies and the profile of caregivers for Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, El Salvador and Uruguay. The population in a situation of functional dependence is mostly female and over 75 years old. Between 54% and 70% receive some type of care, with unpaid family care being the main care strategy. Unpaid caregivers are mostly women, under 65, and economically inactive. We evidence a negative relationship between the status of elderly caregiver and employment, that is stronger for women. Although elderly informal care leads to a lower probability of employment among individuals of all ages and income quintiles, the employment gap between caregivers and non-caregivers narrows substantially among higher-income people. Improving care for older people would have positive effects on female employment and inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop a benchmark method to identify best practices in higher education across the country, in relation with management practices of academic productivity gender gaps and their impact on family responsibilities. This paper uses a qualitative approach to collect relevant information from official web pages from sixteen international universities previously selected. All information related to best practices policies implemented in each university was charted and assigned to one of the following categories for further analysis: ranking, gender policies, gender gaps, academic productivity, and childcare responsibilities. Results from this study revealed that the main best practices implemented in the included universities were practices related to harassment prevention, gender equality at college admission, development of protocols, leadership training, scholarships for study and research programs, adequate infrastructure, childcare financial support, flexible work schedules, family leave policies, improvement of the work environment and the development of departments in charge of follow-up and regular assessment of the proposed strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Peritonsillar abscess (PA) is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. Given the discrepancies observed in the literature, we present a systematic review to analyse the prevalence of PA in our setting in relation to three epidemiological factors: age, gender, and climatology. Methods: A literature search was carried out on the influence of age, gender, and seasonality on PA. The databases used were PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline, without time restriction, following the PRISMA methodology. The registry was carried out by three independent reviewers during the month of October 2022. Results: After excluding duplicates, 289 articles were obtained, of which, after the screening detailed in the methodology, we selected 23 as part of the systematic review. Discussion: In most of the included papers, a predominance of PA in men is observed, with a male/female ratio varying from 1.16 to 3. The mean age of onset of PA varies, depending on the study, from 22 to 39 years. Although with disparate results, AP does not seem to have a seasonal predominance, without being able to rule out a certain climatic influence. Conclusions: AP is the most frequent complication of acute tonsillitis. In adults, it predominates in men. The mean age ranges between 22 and 39 years. It does not seem to show climatic preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the gender agenda has permeated all policy areas and has gained relevance through the constant work of organisations that have succeeded in making issues and challenges visible. This paper examines the interaction between international politics and the gender agenda in Argentina during the presidency of Alberto Fernández (2019-2023). Based on a triangulation of information gathered from interviews, official documents, and news reports, the paper aims to analyse, in the context of recent foreign policy, what kind of decisions are linked to the gender agenda, and at the same time, what international projection the gender policies implemented at the local level have. We propose that the gender agenda has opened up a space in Argentine foreign policy in a short period and that it has done so mainly based on the country’s trajectory in the international sphere linked to human rights and the discussion of inequalities in the world. The creation of the Ministry of Women, Gender and Diversity has been crucial, projecting the country into global gender debates in an institutionalised way. Although concrete policies are developing in some cases, the agendas in this dual track demonstrate that these profound social demands have come to the state to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science as an object of knowledge has been a central concern of the social sciences since the first decades of the 20th century. However, the object itself is neither static nor unchanging, and has been transformed over time. In recent decades, the innovative approach of gender studies has gained considerable ground in the social studies of science. While some of them have paid attention to the relations of the professional field with the family sphere and have investigated the ways in which structural factors of the life course play an important role in research careers, there are still few theoretical and empirical contributions that think of science as productive work highly articulated with social reproduction. Although this axis of enquiry is still incipient in social studies of science, it is consolidated within the social sciences hand in hand with labour studies and feminist economics. Within the framework of the important contributions made, this paper seeks to review the existing literature and a conceptual approach to the understanding of scientific work and its articulations with reproductive work, taking gender as a category of analysis. The paper is organised in four parts: in the first section we will review the critiques of the concept of work inherited from modernity and we will focus on thinking of science as work with specificities; in the second section we will address the processes of social reproduction in terms of the articulation of spheres; in the third section we will consider the study of gender and science; in the fourth section, we will describe the way in which this conceptual proposal operates in the empirical study carried out; finally, we will present a systematisation of the concepts developed throughout the paper and a conceptual approach to their approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy poverty is a phenomenon understood as the result of conditions extrinsic and intrinsic to the household, although it is within this space where it manifests with greater intensity. This article identifies and analyzes the strategies deployed by households and, particularly, by women as the main historical responsible parties for the management of household resources to mitigate the causes and consequences of energy poverty in an electricitydependent urban locality in Argentina. Using the focus group technique, the study takes the voices of the protagonists and their experiences to qualitatively identify and analyze the strategies and practices women deploy in their daily lives to alleviate the consequences of energy poverty. These strategies and practices impact the organization of household resources and the physical and mental health of women due to their role in domestic and caregiving tasks. Although the women's proposal is to build learning spaces about energy usage that bolster their strategies, this would further reinforce the gendered distribution of domestic labor, which is why this paper suggests the design of multi-scalar policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the labor incorporation of postgraduates from the Universidad de Guadalajara considering four aspects: 1) labor characteristics, 2) employment perception, 3) assessment of the programs pertinence, 4) development of academic / research activities. We use gender as control. Methodologically, we used hypothesis tests in order to identify the presence of gender gaps. We processed information from 46 postgraduate programs considering specialty, master's and doctorate's programs during 2020. As principal findings, we observed adverse gender gaps for the female graduates applicable in both working conditions and research development making evident their multidimensional and intricate nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we seek to contribute to the denunciation of the labor precariousness experienced by the social area in Chile, through the analysis of an experience of resistance to capitalism beyond traditional views and strategies. Trabajo gigante is a forum-theatre play that emerges as a practice of resistance not only anti-capitalist, but also anti-patriarchal, articulating the dimensions of class and gender. Likewise, forum-theatre emerges as a technique of the theatre of the oppressed that subverts certain logics of political action by using art in the service of popular and union struggles. Don Patricio is the name of one of the characters who, being male, boss and businessman, expresses the hegemonic masculinity of social enterprises in Chile. Here we analyze this figure in order to dismantle the complicities between capitalism and patriarchy in such contexts of struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we intend to recover and reflect on the valuable contributions that gender studies, feminists and queer theory have added to social inequalities's analysis and problematization. We are referring to a production process of critical knowledge that temporarily exceeds 40 years of democracy and spatially exceeds our university. However, we will think from a local perspective about the ways in which this knowledge contributes to the democratization of scientific productions and goes beyond the limits of the academy. We will do it from Social Work, recovering its heuristic value for democratic construction and from the experience of teaching the subject Gender and Social Work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many states have incorporated gender perspectives into their foreign policies, and this has become a relevant topic in International Relations. This paper investigates the extent to which the Movimiento al Socialismo (mas) indigenist foreign policy has laid the groundwork for advancing towards the inclusion of a feminist approach in Bolivia’s international agenda. The case study is grounded in decolonial studies and community feminism. The main argument is that Bolivian foreign policy between 2006 and 2022 clearly influenced by Andean indigenous thought and the Buen Vivir cosmovision—provided the programmatic and discursive bases to envision the construction of an international agenda with a gender perspective that includes women and indigenous historical demands within a decolonial and communitarian vision. At the domestic level, Bolivia has promoted women’s inclusion and their claims, but at the international level, it did not generate programmes with a depatriarchalizing discourse. The article shows that a foreign policy based on Andean indigenous beliefs and demands has created an opportunity to integrate marginalised groups into the Foreign Ministry, but this integration has yet to materialise. This research is qualitative in nature, drawing on information from various sources: key informant interviews, archival work, and secondary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, at the same time that the problems of women and diversity in relation to entry and permanence in the labor market have gained visibility, gender and diversity issues have occupied a relevant place on the public agenda. In this framework, this work aims to know and analyze the gender and diversity policies implemented in national public companies in Argentina. This is an exploratory and descriptive study where regulations, documents and public information on the development and implementation of policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in national public companies were surveyed. Specifically, this paper presents a systematization of the surveyed actions, their link with current regulations and ministerial authorities, and the presence of heterogeneity of actions carried out in the different companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse how gender relations interact in labour socialisation in the Moroccan export industry - based on a case study of the city of Casablanca - and the relationship with international migration. The paper uses qualitative research, with analysis based on grounded theory and an intersectional studies approach. The global labour market emerges as a new axis of inequality creating new spaces that keep the majority in a precarious position. The paper's original contribution is to apply the intersectional theoretical framework to the Moroccan context, focusing on a relational view of the categories. Identifying three basic social processes (role of women, crisis of masculinity and migration) allows us to expand the knowledge about this reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes women's participation in the struggle against mining extractivism in Soconusco, Chiapas. Data were obtained through a survey, interviews and two workshops. The paper compares two communities (Jalapa and Independencia) which were crucial to achieve the shutting down of the mines, with emphasis on the community structures that organized the protests, the ways in which women participated in them, and the implications of their participation. Jalapa reports the loss of water rights and stigmatization of women, while in Independencia the main problem was their silencing. The paper concludes that movements in defense of the territory must be more inclusive and open to women's needs and interests in order to respond more effectively to the threat represented by extractivist projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes Butler's theory of performative acts and her criticism of a substantialist or essentialist theory of gender through the Leibnizian theory of intentional action, with the aim of showing that we cannot dissociate performativity of intentionality, nor, consequently, of a practical understanding of personal identity. To achieve this goal, I proceed as follows: first, I analyze Butler's theory of gender and her notion of performativity through her critique of naturalistic or essentialist theories of gender; second, I confront her theory of performativity with the Leibnizian theory of intentional actions and his notion of moral agency; third, I sketch two conclusions: 1) we can only talk about performativity in terms of intentionality, and 2) talking about performative acts does not imply dissociating gender from our personal identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of cyberspace in the lives of young people is such that we can no longer distinguish between online and offline spheres. They live a process of onlife development that is not always equitable in terms of gender. This paper aims to account for the online behaviour of Spanish adolescents according to gender and age, the decisions they make when constructing their virtual identity, and the effects that this has on them. A quantitative study has been carried out at a national level (N=2,076, 12-18 years old) following a non-experimental ex post facto design by means of a survey study. The results show that there are gender differences in the preference for one or other social network. A high percentage of girls make different choices when it comes to their online presence. Unlike boys, girls state that their virtual self and their behaviour significantly influence the opinion that they have of themselves and their need to feel integrated. In conclusion, the decisions that adolescents make when creating their virtual selves do not only have negative consequences derived from poor management, but are also plagued by mandates and stereotypes that determine how they should be and what they should do online; something that is especially pressing for girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on an understanding of the global immigration control regime as one of legal violence. It analyses the specialist literature that reveals the existence of an economy of deportability, understood as the unequal distribution of the forms of state power in the lives and freedoms of non-nationals, with gender playing a preponderant role. Taking a gender perspective, a selection of texts from the past two decades are reviewed that analyse the deportation and anti-trafficking apparatus in Europe, the United States and South America. The literature corroborates the existence of a gendered economy of deportability that generates social suffering that, in different ways and to differing degrees, shapes the (im)migrant presence in the national order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison intervention/treatment actions are aimed at addressing the in/reintegration of convicted persons. However, there are few references and results of these actions. This paper aims to analyze the intervention programs in Spain and their relationship with the processes of female in/reinsertion and recidivism. A descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis was performed on a sample of 310 female inmates surveyed in open regime. The results indicate that employment education programs are most in demand, followed by life skills and gender-based violence programs. There is greater participation in the ordinary regime (between 50% and 60%), with repeat offenders standing out (75.3%), which questions the adequacy of their needs in professional actions. The findings show the importance of updating the penitentiary interventionaction from a socio-educational and gender perspective, adapted to the characteristics of women for their in/reinsertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the poetry of the Uruguayan writer Cristina Peri Rossi from the perspective of classical reception. Through a textual analysis, we reflect on her conceptions of the relationship between language and identity, the weight of tradition as inheritance and the woman or lesbian identity as a key to understand the resignification of tradition. Three thematic examples of reception will be addressed: the topics of love, the theme of the journey and the founding myth or the genesis of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the scientific productivity of researchers in Chile during 2019, based on a descriptive bibliometric analysis of the scientific articles published during that year. For this purpose, we worked with the SciVal and Dataciencia databases from which we obtained data on publications per researcher, number of publications, their h-index, and number of citations. The results show a gender difference in the number of publications and consequently in the h-index. Thus, women publish less than their male counterparts, which in turn has an impact on their lower average h-index, establishing a gender gap in the scientific publications of that year. The results show that men predominate in the group of the most productive researchers. Similarly, there is an underrepresentation of female authors in the scientific productivity of greater impact; on the contrary, their male counterparts stand out for a higher average number of publications and a higher h-index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombia is one of the most inequal countries in Latin America, which at the same time, is the most inequal region of the world. Even though this situation is discouraging it is not new, the difference lays on the importance that this situation has been taken in the political agenda in the nation, awakening multiple expectative between the citizens who has been the eternal losers: the poor. This paper focuses on the challenges that the new government of Gustavo Petro faces in matter of the inequality and poverty that affects over the half of the population in Colombia, at the same time provides a context of the Colombian case in the conjuncture of global and regional socioeconomic changes that incident on the chances of fulfill structural transformations at the social policy. Although this research acknowledges a large spectrum of inequalities existing in the territory (gender, generational, ethnic, racial) it focusses on the income inequality. This analysis takes place based on the data of specialized sources on the subject and the monitoring fluctuations of inequality in Colombia in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper/essay, the representations of trans people in Spanish series both on television and on streaming platforms will be analyzed, paying special attention to the new forms of masculinities, referred to as dissidents. From the pioneer Farmacia de Guardia to much more recent series such as Vis a Vis or Todo lo otro, there will be an analysis of the main characteristics of the trans characters (age, sex, social class, etc.), the reactions that they spark around them (acceptance, rejection, ignorance), as well as the story offered about transsexuality (if it is seen as a pathology, if there is a desire to change one’s physical appearance through hormones and/ or surgery, if the conception of having been born in the wrong body persists, etc.). It will be seen how this representation intersects and questions hegemonic masculinity. Finally, it will be observed how transsexuality is becoming progressively more visible in Spanish series, helping its normalization through different characters who bring this reality closer to the public, although not always in an inclusive way [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the workplace, some conditions based on social stereotypes hinder a working woman from accessing the same professional development opportunities as a male; therefore, the purpose of this research paper was to create and validate the Glass Ceiling Scale. An instrumental empirical study was carried out with a non-probabilistic sample of 203 Mexican women who worked during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded acceptable fit index values (NFI = .832, TLI = .900, CFI = .918, and RMSEA = .62) and with a reliability coefficient of α = .816. The scale was made up of 15 items in three factors: Overload, Glass Ceiling and Family-Work Balance, with the three-factor model being the ideal structure to measure the construct. Results show evidence that the scale has the due psychometric properties for use in the study population and thereby generate reliable diagnoses that lead to organizational strategies to make visible and eradicate this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and particularly, mitigation measures taken by government institutions in Mexico, such as the closure of all schools at all levels of education, have brought strong regressive consequences in terms of both education and gender equality. In this paper, we start from a theoretical framework of gender and family to analyze, along with the negative repercussions of this measure (especially for women and children), an embodied experience of upbringing and community education in Mexico. This experience seeks to preserve educational and labor rights violated by school closures such as sociability, guardianship and custody of minors, the right to a life free of violence, work-life balance, among others. Our aim is to suggest some keys for an ecofeminist and community solution to the education crisis in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the historical development of the concept of equality and its incorporation into the different legal systems of Latin America with the aim of understanding gender affirmative actions as we know them today. Specific attention is paid to the contrast between the experiences of Latin America and the United States, given that in the United States the discussion on quotas has been oriented -and continues today- only with respect to racial discrimination. Additionally, the paper addresses the consequences of the implementation of the first affirmative action in Argentina more than thirty years ago and the consequences of the absence of affirmative actions in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between students' perceptions of the type of teaching they experience in mathematics [more or less student centred] and their reported emotions, self-concept and disposition. It also addresses the question of whether there are differences in this relationship for girls and boys. It uses survey data from almost 300 year 7 Chilean students, clustered in 8 different classrooms. A correlational analysis suggests that there is a positive significant association between how student centred the teaching is perceived to be and students' more positive attitudes. Nevertheless, this effect was independent of sex, suggesting that more student-centred teching do not necessarily offer an advantage for girls, but are positive for both, boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emoticons have become a common phenomenon in email correspondence between students and professors. Even though the use of emoticons in formal writing is considered inappropriate and unprofessional, more and more students are using these nonverbal communication tools to add context or emphasis to their email messages to professors. This paper examines the association between the use of emoticons and professors’ perceptions of higher education students’ email messages with and without emoticons in two countries, Serbia and Slovenia. The students’ emails were collected and assessed on several levels. The students’ messages were examined with particular attention to the appropriateness of the students’ writing style. In addition, the students’ level of digital literacy, their attitude toward a professor, and gender differences in the use of emoticons were examined. Furthermore, an online questionnaire was used to identify characteristic differences between students who use emoticons and students who do not. The results show that messages with emoticons are rated lower on several dimensions than messages without emoticons. In addition, students who use emoticons show lower digital literacy and perceive their professors as more understanding and helpful. Emoticon use is not related to gender. The results suggest that students should avoid using emoticons even if they have a positive attitude toward their professor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss in this paper the role played by family solidarities and the gender system in the processes involved in putting down roots in rural spaces. To this end we consider two ethnographic cases, two life trajectories, of a man and a woman. They are coffee producers in southern Chiapas (Soconusco region) and belong to a generation, born around 1950, who lived two distinct historical moments: an initial socialization structured around agrarian production and the ejido; and beginning in the 1990s, in a new phase of their families' life trajectories, this generation faces de-agriculturalization and individualization of the labor market and state intervention. The paper reveals the weight of gender roles in family solidarities, because men and women do not inherit the same resources nor the same obligations within families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the latest doctrine of the Supreme Court on the conflicting nullity of territorial planning due to defects in its elaboration procedure, specifically on three causes, economic memory; reports on the impact of gender, family, childhood and adolescence; and environmental assessment of alternatives. This jurisprudential doctrine has been established in the resolution of several appeals against the plan for the protection of the Valencian coastline. However, the action of the court of first instance resolving the more than fifty appeals filed without assessing all the reasons alleged by the parties, has the consequence that this conflict has not been closed yet, and the matter has been returned to the court of instance to assess all the reasons raised by the parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the latest doctrine of the Supreme Court on the conflicting nullity of territorial planning due to defects in its elaboration procedure, specifically on three causes, economic memory; reports on the impact of gender, family, childhood and adolescence; and environmental assessment of alternatives. This jurisprudential doctrine has been established in the resolution of several appeals against the plan for the protection of the Valencian coastline. However, the action of the court of first instance resolving the more than fifty appeals filed without assessing all the reasons alleged by the parties, has the consequence that this conflict has not been closed yet, and the matter has been returned to the court of instance to assess all the reasons raised by the parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the role of women in communication research. It does so by studying their presence/absence in the bibliographies of the syllabus of 108 theoretical courses of journalism degrees taught in 36 colleges in Spain during the 2020-2021 academic year. The work investigates the roles and presences of women in the field of communication, measuring the degree of visibility of women scientists and their contributions in a statistical and comparative way to that of male researchers, quantifying the citation patterns according to the gender of the authors. The data were analyzed with the free statistical software R (version 4.0.3) and a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. The main results regarding the citation patterns of the research are: 1) an under-citation of publications written by female scientists; 2) an over-citation of publications by male researchers; and 3) the nonexistence of gender homophily (researchers do not tend to cite more authors of their same gender), since female authors are little cited and this low visibility is due to both female and male faculty members. The most referenced author is Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, one of the few "classics" present, indicating a Matilda effect regarding the historical erasure of female contributions. In conclusion, the paper argues for the need to transform not only citation practices, but an entire scientific culture that denies women as a source of reference and authority from the early stages of university education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explaining the phenomenon of gender-based violence against rural women is an urgent matt er because of the scope it has acquired in recent years, which demands the development of analyses that are based on multiple perspectives. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to reflect on the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to an increase in gender-based violence against women in rural Mexican regions. To achieve this purpose, att ention will be paid to how the pandemic constituted a watershed between the reality of rural women before, during and after the health emergency. Coherently with this, an analytical proposal is presented based on the consideration that the invisibility towards the role of rural women in the development of their territories and the normalization of work overload can be identified as forms of violence. In addition, it is noted that an intersectional perspective on women in rural areas can constitute an approach for reflection on how the categories that typify them interact creating multiple levels of social injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the gender perspective, historicization and decolonization as part of a theoretical-methodological proposal, to understand the gender systems that support masculinities and models of being a man, linked to reproduction and contemporary indigenous survival in Mexico. It constitutes a first effort of reflective analysis, on how to approach these ethnicized and gendered realities, specifically on masculinities and being a man. To do this, we start by discussing the contributions of some gender studies of men and masculinities, which do not constitute an exhaustive and updated review, but only an approximation to the growing knowledge base, to support the methodological proposal with which it seeks to understand the patriarchal, heterosexist and colonizing constraints on men and women of indigenous peoples. In this work, it is argued that re-readings of these realities are required through theoretical-methodological proposals that are sensitive to these realities, in order to stop the homogenizing views of the indigenous gendered subject, specifically the masculinized one from westernized gender systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ways practitioners of Soka Buddhism in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires conceive and evaluate gender and the (re)production of its stereotypes within spiritual practice. Between 2018 and 2020, multiple interviews and participant observations were conducted in various ethnographic foci, where we found that the organization and dynamics of Soka are criticized depending on how the paradoxical effects of equality and difference (re)produced by the institution are evaluated. There is a tension between the affirmation of equality --conducive to the autonomy of women-- and the traditional categories used to achieve it. Differences that reaffirm gender stereotypes are criticized, but the containment provided in exclusively female spaces to address specific problems is valued. The various perspectives that coexist among practitioners on gender debates constitute another manifestation of pluralism within the practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the message contained in video games for young audiences. The study analyzed one of the many stories that could be generated in the video game Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V). The analysis model places special emphasis on the microsequencies that build meaning to the viewer, particularly those related to the gender perspective, as an axis to identify hierarchies and power relationships. Gender violence is evident in the teenagers consumption videogame culture, which generates, transmits and reproduces a type of hegemonic and discriminatory thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to research the persistence of gender stereotypes in contemporary Spanish advertisements promoting Mr. Clean cleaning products. To analyze the selected advertisements, according to the method of opportunistic sampling, we have used the technique of qualitative content analysis and compared 10 Mr. Clean ads with 10 ads of other brands. The results show the persistence of gender stereotypes in most Mr. Clean ads. In most of the selected ads, women are the ones performing the cleaning tasks, while men are associated more with strength and expert work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an ethnographic and artistic approach to research in an "addiction" treatment center on the periphery of Mexico City, this paper reflects on the following question: How is young women's subjectivity constructed as they move through different life spaces, such as addiction treatment centers, the street, detention centers, and homes? Through various mapping exercises with a gender lens, young women explored the articulation between their body, the street, and their memory. These revealed spatiotemporal conceptualizations that shed light on the disciplining of addicted bodies and their own spatial productions. As a result of this work, we present the idea of transgression path to understand howsubjectivities are constructed based on the experience of inhabiting different spaces that have been important for them throughout their lives: the street, homes and public institutions. On these paths, young women shape their subjectivities through circulation and intermittency, bodily experimentations and mental gaps, experience of the street, and bodily performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are there differences between adolescent men and women in terms of knowledge about climate change? How do adolescents perceive the climate crisis depending on their gender? In order to answer these questions, we carried out a meta-analysis on a sample of 84 international papers selected by conducting a systematic review methodology. To achieve that aim, we identified studies that showed differences according to the gender variable in terms of knowledge, perceptions, and/or opinions among adolescents pursuing secondary education. A total of 26 out of 84 papers (30.95%)"concentrated between 1993 and 2017"addressed gender differences regarding climate change. The meta-analysis revealed that women score lower than men on knowledge about climate change, with the difference increasing as they move forward in their respective secondary education courses. However, women are found to attribute greater risk to the climate crisis, they are more concerned about the problem, and "unlike men, who have a more technical worldview"they show greater ecocentric willingness to accept measures to address it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public Administrations have a significant role to play in improving opportunities in public employment for people with disabilities. The main objective of this paper is to verify the importance of effectively achieving more diverse, inclusive, and egalitarian public administrations. The research covers the degree of implementation of the existing regulations on access to public employment; specifically, the process of applying corrective measures for possible inequalities that strengthen protection and guarantee effective equality of opportunities in access to public sector employment for women with disabilities. Despite the enormous normative production, this study shows the lack of practical specificity and the need for greater involvement in the implementation and evaluation of the actions design. The year 2020 is a turning point for the incorporation of a more cross-sectional approach, made concrete through a shift in the organisational paradigm towards diversity, which is yet to be realised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-examines the expressions síis k‘ab (cold hand) and chokoj k‘ab (hot hand) frequently mentioned in ethnographic descriptions of the hot-cold system among the Mayan-speaking population of the Yucatán peninsula. Using a linguistic-cognitive approach that integrates contextual information, the internal structure and semantic content of the expressions under study are explored. The analysis of the data obtained during fieldwork in the eastern part of the state of Yuestudios catan allows us to draw two main conclusions: the first is that síis k‘ab and chokoj k‘ab constitute metonymies of the hand, and the second is that the metonymic use of this part of the body constitutes the basis of the metaphors k‘ulu‘ k‘ab (raccoon hand) and sayab k‘ab (spring hand), whose analysis complements the present study. In addition, the connection between the identified metonymies and metaphors and a set of activities that to this day play a fundamental role in the daily life of Maya communities is outlined. Thus, the study contributes to broaden our understanding of metonymic and metaphoric patterns and processes in Yucatec Maya as well as of the local hot-cold system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objects that populate the world are external to the human mind, as well as individual and particular. Concepts, on the other hand, are the result of conceiving something mentally, detached from the immediacy of sensible impressions and, therefore, from particular representations. By means of the concept, then, we arrive at a universal significance which is formulated by means of a word and constitutes that which we refer to and can apply to a multitude of individuals indistinctly. The concept is an intellectual representation of a universal or general object that is obtained through abstraction and, for this very reason, is abstract and not concrete. This paper focuses on how the Middle Ages dealt with the problem of universals, as well as the most important arguments of the debate. Thus, after pointing out the early ancient antecedents of the universals polemic, I will give a brief overview of the medieval era as a conflictual context and, finally, I will analyse the main positions: the realist position, with its twofold extreme, with Platonic roots, and moderate, influenced by the Aristotelian conception of substance), and the nominalist position, articulated theoretically by William of Occam and put into scientific practice by thinkers who mark the transition from medieval philosophy of nature to Renaissance physical-mathematical philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose to address the participation of women in the Peronist Resistance between 1955 and 1966 from a gender perspective. The statements given by male activists, tend to show women in a support role and in activities in which they performed traditional gender roles in order to avoid repression. Here, we try to offer a different framework. We consider women's forms of political intervention trying to overcome the anecdotal and romantic tinted lenses of those stories. In order to do this, we will analyze two types of documents. On one hand, interviews with activists about their resistance actions. On the other, ordinary justice's judicial files during the government of the Revolución Libertadora and military court files of the CONINTES Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates wage discrimination against workers with disabilities, as well as its interactions with other social markers of inequality, gender and race/color, using data from the 2010 Demographic Census (IBGE). Four types of disability are investigated: visual, hearing, motor, and mental. A multivariate regression model controlling for occupational fixed effects was used. The results indicate that there is wage discrimination for the four types of disability analyzed. It is observed that the greatest discrimination occurs for workers with severe visual impairment, followed by physical disabilities and, lastly, mental and hearing disabilities. However, such discrimination is of small magnitude when compared to other social markers of inequality, such as gender and race/color. The effect of gender, for example, is six times greater than that of visual impairment while non-white people suffer almost four times more discrimination. When considering the accumulation of the social markers of inequality, disability, gender, and race/color, it is confirmed that black women with and without disabilities are those who suffer the most from wage discrimination in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication studies in Spain have now become consolidated based on their evolution over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of Spanish higher education in Communication. To this end, an analysis is carried out of the structure and composition of the undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (master and PhD studies) in Communication at public and private universities in Spain, paying special attention to the centers that host these studies, the people who contribute to their operation, and their offerings and distribution. Using a descriptive methodology and the content analysis technique, an analysis form is applied to the universities composing the system of Communication studies in Spain, based on their offerings and the information available and accessible on their institutional websites. The results reveal the difficulty of accessing such data and the lack of common criteria (or compliance) for presenting such information on official websites. The results reveal a greater offering at the national level but a wide dispersion of the higher education offering in terms of type, location, type of university, and territorial distribution. We also highlight the gender gap in terms of faculty leadership as well as among teaching staff. We emphasize the phenomenon of double or combined degrees, especially at private universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a revision of the female correctional project managed by Buen Pastor's congregation in Córdoba at the end of XIX century and the beginning of XX century, from a descolonial feminism perspective. Focusing specifically on the wide range of subjectivities that inhabited Cárcel Correccional de Mujeres y Asilo de Menores del Buen Pastor and on correcting strategies, such as job training, I identified relations that allow to spot a gender colonial arrangement that aimed at securing domination and assuring hegemony. Underlying fictions of race, gender and class in this society were identified through the implementation of colocación and weaving of actors that is implied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores interpretations made by the press, specialists, citizens, and authorities of the Mexican capital regarding the phenomenon of youth gangs from 1956 to 1965. The analysis stresses that the city’s socio-spatial differentiation in those years was central in explanations about and representations of youth gangs; such differentiation also played a central role in the actions authorities took against young gangs, and the social perception of their dangerousness. Thus, the aforementioned social sectors outlined two contrasting stereotypes, which shared one common point: sexual violence. Rebeldes sin causa (rebels without a cause) and pandilleros (gang members) were social types that intertwined expressions of moral panic and feelings of insecurity, which perpetuated territorial stigmas concerning proletarian neighborhoods and slums, as well as gender discourses that influenced the urban experience of their inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the newly created role of the gender editor that some media have started introducing in newsrooms with a double goal: to include the gender perspective in news coverage and to claim equal working conditions. This paper analyzes six newspapers, legacy and digital natives, from Spain and the United States. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with five gender editors to understand the responsibilities attributed to this new role as well as and the causes of their creation, both from a social and an economic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the analysis and valuation of an individual, temporary, and leveled-prime life insurance. It starting point is an analogy between contract rules and a financial exotic option. In particular, a cash or nothing option. Several cases are presented from a person with different age and gender, and sensitivity to different probability distributions are tested using Monte Carlo simulation. All cases are adjusted to Argentinean recent data in order to estimate exercise prices, main variable to estimate the contract value. Prime market values used on this work are more than double than the theoretical value found on the exotic option while comparing them to identical contract conditions such as insured amount, time frame and demographic conditions of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]