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This article explores the utilization of audiovisual methods to gather, safeguard and showcase intangible cultural heritage within an outlying neighborhood, Las Moraditas de Taco (Santa Cruz de Tenerife). This paper will specifically discuss the experience of Telecafecito en Las Moraditas -“a nice cup of coffee in Las Moraditas neighbourhood- an strategic proposal to assist community engagement while ensuring oral memory compilation during the COVID-19 confinement. This action is framed in Amoraditas initiative, which employs participatory action-research and service-learning strategies from the design studies, in order to dignify and screen collective memory and promote sense belonging. The study, by means of several valuations, reveals the successful outcomes of the experience, indicating its impact on community engagement, empowerment, and intergenerational relations. The assessment highlights how the initiative effectively adapted during challenging circumstances, enabling the ongoing provision of tangible value to the community.

This work is structured around two exploratory objectives. Firstly, it aims to analyse the effects of connective participation and consumption in which donations in political crowdfunding campaigns can be framed. Secondly, it will study the characteristics and socio-demographic profile of the people who donate to political crowdfunding campaigns. In order to obtain information, we have developed a questionnaire that has resulted in a non-probabilistic purposive sample of one hundred and twenty-five valid and complete responses. The paper closes with a discussion and the presentation of two hypotheses that reflect the main findings of this exploratory study. On the one hand, the characteristics and profile of the participants would be predominantly male, middle-aged (thirty-six to fifty years old), with a high level of formal education (university studies) and a medium income level. On the other hand, the participation analysed is hegemonic among activists with experience and commitment. This fact could reflect an increase in participatory inequalities between participatory and nonparticipatory people as a consequence of the characteristics of the forms of connective action and consumption.

Recording and transcribing interviews in qualitative social research is a vital but time-consuming and resource-intensive task. To tackle this challenge, researchers have explored various alternative approaches; automatic transcription utilising speech recognition algorithms has emerged as a promising solution. The question of whether automated transcripts can match the quality of transcripts produced by humans remains unanswered. In this paper we systematically compare multiple automatic transcription tools: Amberscript, Dragon, F4x, Happy Scribe, NVivo, Sonix, Trint, Otter, and Whisper. We evaluate aspects of data protection, accuracy, time efficiency, and costs for an English and a German interview. Based on the analysis, we conclude that Whisper performs best overall and that similar local-automatic transcription tools are likely to become more relevant. For any type of transcription, we recommend reviewing the text to ensure accuracy. We hope to shed light on the effectiveness of automatic transcription services and provide a comparative frame for others interested in automatic transcription.

Q methodology was created as a means to explore and map subjective viewpoints in a systematic, relational and holistic manner. In this paper, we discuss Q methodology as a promising hybrid approach and present methodological takeaways from an online Q study on the meanings of reconciliation in Colombia, based on data obtained in 2021. Q is a method of capturing subjectivity that conveys an aura of objectivity, because researchers seldom explicitly engage subjectivity We provide a brief overview of our research project, showcase some results, and offer a lens through which to reflect on the entanglement of qualitative and quantitative moments in Q methodology. We spell out its interpretive layers, highlighting the role of subjectivity in two key phases of the research: the design of the study (image-based Q items) and the interpretive process (factor analysis). Although the quantitative moments of Q are seductive in their promise of objective factor analytical measurement, we argue that Q requires researchers to practice reflexivity and to explicitly engage with their subjectivity.

This paper aims to provide a general reflection on systems engineering as a profession as well as on the current perspective prevalent in the Colombian public educational sector on this discipline both as a degree program and as a profession in the country’s labor market. Various social and academic aspects are analyzed that impact the lack of interest on the part of students in the public sector, taking into account that the information and communication technology (ICT) industry in the country lacks a large number of professionals who can meet the current needs of the enterprise and the academic sector. Therefore, this paper aims to raise awareness of the importance of this industry as well as to better promote this degree program among inclusive social sectors, which require a good number of students with a highly qualified academic training for the software sector.

Critical didactics allows addressing social issues that emerge from students’ interests and needs. To implement this proposal, digital multimodal texts can be used, as a way to access information and build knowledge. This paper is the result of a research study that aimed to assess a critical didactic proposal built on digital multimodal texts and implemented with third grade elementary students. A qualitative approach was used under an action research methodology. The information was collected from twenty third grade students of a public educational institution in the municipality of Yondó (Antioquia) through three tools, namely, a discussion group, an observation guide and a questionnaire. The results section highlights the relationship between digital multimodal texts and the social environment, the interaction with information and communication technologies, and teamwork concerning the reading behavior of digital multimodal texts among elementary students. The paper concludes that reading is a social practice for students, as long as it addresses topics of interest that allow them to participate, contribute ideas and experiences of their daily life and interact with other individual from different settings, in such a way that the environment where they live becomes a critical factor favoring their reading behavior.

Colombian literature of the nineteenth century captures the emerging process of the new nation and shows the ethical changes needed for the formation of a new country. By using the Colombian novel and poetry produced in the nineteenth-century, this paper will show how these are unfolded in practical effects of the works, drawing on the authors’ desire to influence with their work the ethical and political progress of the country, their society and the life of citizens, and to contribute to the foundation of the modern state in Colombia through a citizen ethics proposed in the texts. Additionally, this paper stresses the literary effort of reappraising the national moral and political situation, of confronting this with the past and, accordingly, of assessing the current situation.

This paper reports the outcomes of a case study about social representations of university students of an artistic work: Qatsi Trilogy produced by Godfrey Reggio and music by Phillip Glass. This research is part of an international comparative project coordinated by Denise Jodelet and Béatrice Madiot, about perceptions and aesthetic appreciations from perspectives and sensations of university students of different countries. In this paper, are presented the statistical results of an opinion survey answered by 72 degree students at Universidad Veracruzana’s arts faculty pointing out their sensations, artistic, aesthetics and personal appreciations about the trilogy.

Many young people are having dificulties to start their profesional career in Spain due to the current economical crisis, and decide to move abroad, others just consider the economic crisis an opportunity to go abroad and have an international experience. London is one of the prefered destinations because of different reasons: it provides a good opportunity to learn English, the country has ample job opportunities and it is close to Spain. This paper approaches the state of youth in Spain in terms of employment and the migration process adopted by many Spaniards since 2008, focusing specifically in the UK as destination. This paper aims to give voice to the 30 young Catalan people interviewed, showing their migration and labour strategies in London.

This paper studies the social (political, economic and cultural) aspects of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea. We hypothesize that many African countries, as in the case of Equatorial Guinea, conceived and structured their independence apart from the sociological and anthropological models of their own countries. This is due to the adoption of European models and its epidemical «africanization», also the principles of freedom and Western democracy, to the nationalism and anti-colonialism which inspired emancipation movements, as well as the Europeanized elites who do not usually worry about civil society. This paper points out and denounces some incongruent aspects of the common good, truth, justice, peace and patriotism which are developed by the political elite indoctrinated by Western behaviors of understanding democracy and social justice.

Participatory practices, within broader processes of rescaling and governance, have been identified as the solution to the “democratic deficit” in healthcare. Conversely, scholars have underscored how these practices could well be used for a contrary purpose, particularly in a top-down process. The first part of this paper outlines a theory-based evaluation framework oriented towards the analysis of institutional practices fostering citizens’ involvement in healthcare decision-making processes and how this involvement can act as a driver for the democratisation of the healthcare system. Following this interpretation, the second part of the paper analyses the new local governance structure adopted by Tuscany (Italy) in the healthcare sector, in particular the later stages of its adoption and diffusion and more than ten years after its institutionalisation. This leads us to identify certain crucial issues to be addressed when institutions promote re-visiting decision-making processes.

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of the group in the institutional dynamics. The group is a social generator device, a mechanism that provides psychological shelter to its members and a rational tool for the execution of the task. Theoretical discussion is illustrated by the study of the Sciences Diving Team of the Faculty of Sciences at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. This is qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation. One of the main conclusions of this paper is that the group is considered a unit characterized by the intermingling logic of various actions. These make up a complex social fabric of convergences and contradictions that encourages both social action and potential conflicts. The group is a social space that always experiences tension.

The current paper represents a partial bibliography about the life and the works of Publius Ovidius Naso, reflected in the papers written between 2001-2017. The bibliographic inventory made in the bimillennial year of the death of the great Latin poet exiled at Tomis contains reviews, text quotations, monographies, translations and evocations dedicated to Ovidius

This paper presents an analysis of the debate between realists and anti-realists taking as specific object of study the pessimistic induction and the no-miracles argument. The hypothesis of the paper is that the apparent lack of consensus between realists and anti-realists in addressing the problem of the veracity of our scientific theories is to some extent related to the use of different conceptual frameworks on the truth. Specifically, I will argue that Laudan’s pessimistic induction is a skeptical argument built on a certainty–based concept of truth which is inoperative for understanding the scientific practice. The paper is structured as follows: first, the pessimistic induction and the no-miracles argument are characterized, then the most significant criticisms of both arguments and the replies will be presented and, finally, the validity of the concept of truth underlying those arguments will be briefly analyzed and evaluated.

Philosophy of technology has been in existence for more than half a century as an academic discipline, but authors do not agree on a common definition of technology, which appears to compromise the effort to philosophically understand it. This article examines the reasons for this difficulty and argues that it is due not only to the complexity of technology, but also to its omnipresence, frequent invisibility and ambivalence, as well as the diversity of intellectual position among philosophers. The paper also argues that more important than developing a common definition is the awareness that technology is a reality in which we are immersed without this meaning that we are incapable of studying it, and that reciprocally, what we can objectively affirm about it does not encompass its entire meaning in our lives. Finally, the paper highlights the challenge that artificial intelligence represents for the philosophy of technology.

This paper will examine the relationship between Fascism and football in Italy from the regime’s origins in the mid­-1920s through to the present day and will seek to explain the far right’s continued presence in the game. Contextualising Italian football’s development within the nation’s postwar history, it will argue that while the Fascist regime laid the foundations of the contemporary game, its influence was not profound enough to explain the far­-right’s existence in Italian stadiums since the 1980s. By situating the politicisation of Italian football within theories of post­-Fascist memory and via the examination of specific incidents of pro­-regime and anti­-Semitic activity within the stadiums, this paper will argue that the failure to combat the far­-right’s presence has been a direct consequence of the weakness/absence of the Italian state.

This paper links three dimensions articulated by the discussions on football in South America: fans, the market, and internal politics. First, the frenzied debate regarding the institutions’ legal format is presented. This first section on the clubs themselves and their legal models is necessary in order to later consider the different forms of participation and organization found by the actors involved in that sphere. Since the economic and political changes occurring in football clubs are not produced in isolation, the second part of this paper addresses those measures incorporated in the sporting realm as part of a global process of commercialization. The third section focuses on how club members and fans express their discontent regarding the structural transformations and decisions taken by club management.

The new technological advances have brought a revolution on how economic agents interact with society and markets. Nowadays, the use of virtual currencies is more frequent in the financial transactions and bitcoin has been defined as the most important world cryptocurrency due to its high market capitalization and its technological infrastructure. Several studies have been conducted to discuss bitcoin advantages and disadvantages; however, few papers in literature have examined its connection and influence on the stock market. The objective of this paper is precisely cover this gap. Firstly, by providing tools and concepts to understand bitcoin’s dynamic, and then determining its relationship with stock market indexes. In that context, this manuscript examines the definition and function of bitcoin in the global world and its presence in Ecuador. Besides, exploratory and visual analyses are provided using the evolution of bitcoin and other market indexes. Finally, a linear correlation is computed between bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies, stock exchange indexes and commodities. The results in this study, employing visual and statistical analyses, demonstrated that bitcoin has: a strong relationship with other cryptocurrencies; a lineal correlation, not as strong as the previous one, with the main stock market indexes; and no linear correlation with commodities.

As reflexões e proposições apresentadas nesse artigo partem das contribuições teóricas de autores como Immanuel Wallerstein e Giovanni Arrighi. O artigo desenvolve argumentos que possibilitem aproximar as teorias do “moderno sistema-mundo” e da “longa duração” com aspectos do “caos sistêmico” que, a partir da percepção que será proposta no decorrer do texto, é condição para – e resultado de – o capitalismo de viés neoliberal (entendido desde duas hipóteses: como um dos desdobramentos da guerra fria; e como marcador da crise de hegemonia estadunidense). A noção de “caos sistêmico” é trabalhada a partir do que se entende como demonstrações contundentes de interferência do neoliberalismo nos arranjos do poder global, situações onde a via neoliberal se apresenta como solução – ou “salvação” – para as “tempestades perfeitas” gestadas no seio das disputas e dos “choques” entre – ou intra – nações pelo controle (ou manutenção) da hegemonia global do capitalismo. Palavras-chave: Sistema-mundo. Longa duração. Caos sistêmico. Neoliberalismo. Hegemonia. ABSTRACT The reflections and propositions presented in this paper depart from the theoretical contributions of authors such as Immanuel Wallerstein and Giovanni Arrighi. The paper develops arguments that allow us to approach the theories of “modern system world” and “long duration” with aspects of “systemic chaos” that, from the perception that will be proposed throughout the text, is condition –to- and result –of- neoliberal capitalism (understood from two hypotheses: as one of the unfoldings of the cold war, and as a marker of the crisis of US hegemony). The notion of “systemic chaos” is worked out from what is understood as conclusive demonstrations of neoliberalism interference in the arrangements of global power, situations where the neoliberal way presents itself as a solution -or “salvation”- to the “perfect storms” in the midst of disputes and “clashes” between -or within- nations over the control (or maintenance) of the global hegemony of capitalism. Keywords: World-system. Long duration. Systemic chaos. Neoliberalism. Hegemony.

The objective of this paper is to establish the forms of measurement of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which have been documented in the academic literature, between 2010 and 2017. From a preliminary selection of 250 documents related to CSR, it was selected a sample of 32 papers that make explicit the use of the classification of the proposal forms of measurement. This process has enabled to determine that the main proposals for this type of measurement are related to the analysis of the reports presented by the companies, as well as the formulation of a single and multiple indicators. RESUMEN Este artículo busca establecer cuáles son las formas de medición de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) que se han documentado en la literatura académica, entre 2010 y 2017. A partir de una identificación preliminar de 250 documentos relacionados con la RSE, se seleccionó una muestra de 33 artículos que utilizan explícitamente alguna clasificación o propuesta de las formas de medición. Fue posible determinar que las principales propuestas para este tipo de medición están relacionadas con (1) el análisis de los informes presentados por las empresas, y (2) la formulación de indicadores únicos y múltiples.

This paper proposes an approach to the poetic write of the Colombian Raúl Gómez Jattin. As a result of the interpretation of the poems “Veneno de Serpiente Cascabel” and “El Elogio de los alucinogenos” written in the period from 1983 to 1986, this paper explain the symbolic multiplicity of poetic writing by Raúl Gómez Jattin. In relation with a viewpoint philosophical-literary this paper can decipher the relationship between the poetic saying and the connotations of otherness that the world of literature crosses, that from the poetry of Raúl Gómez Jattin is thought at the same time as descent, possibility of challenge to study the elements of the transgression what the Colombian poet Raúl Gómez Jattin needs inexcusable for the affirmation of life and literary space.

Resumo: Este artigo analisa as previsões e os planejamentos de futuro apresentados pelos estudiosos do futuro Herman Kahn e Anthony J. Wiener no livro “O ano 2000: uma estrutura para especulação sobre os próximos trinta e três anos”. Este artigo é parte constituinte de um estudo mais amplo sobre as teorias de desenvolvimento e as visões de futuro produzidas ao longo dos anos 1960 e 1970 nas Américas. As reflexões sobre o futuro são feitas com base em conceitos e na estrutura interpretativa de Koselleck, porém, também entendemos que essas interpretações sobre o futuro constituem, em algum sentido, alguma forma de reflexão e interpretação sobre a história, já que não conseguem abandonar a história ao abordarem o futuro. Essas visões de futuro, portanto, não tratam exclusivamente do porvir, mas também do entendimento do passado e da organização do presente. No caso aqui analisado, buscamos delinear o tratamento sobre a organização mundial apresentado no livro e os reflexos disso para América Latina, relacionando esses argumentos com diretrizes propostas para a ação estadunidense que aparecem justificadas pelo futuro, mas visando ações presentes. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento; teoria; historiografia; futurologia; imperialismo. Resumen: Este artículo analiza las previsiones y los planes de futuro presentados por los estudiosos del futuro Herman Kahn y Anthony J. Wiener en el libro "El año 2000: un marco para la especulación sobre los próximos treinta y tres años". Este artículo constituye de un estudio más amplio sobre las teorías de desarrollo y las visiones de futuro producidas a lo largo de los años 1960 y 1970 en las Américas. Las reflexiones sobre el futuro se basan en conceptos y en la estructura interpretativa de Koselleck, pero también entendemos que esas interpretaciones sobre el futuro constituyen, en algún sentido, alguna forma de reflexión e interpretación sobre la historia, ya que no logran abandonar la historia al abordar el futuro. Estas visiones de futuro, por lo tanto, no tratan exclusivamente del porvenir, sino también del entendimiento del pasado y de la organización del presente. En el caso aquí analizado, buscamos delinear el tratamiento sobre la organización mundial presentado en el libro y los reflejos de eso para América Latina, relacionando esos argumentos con directrices propuestas para la acción estadounidense que aparecen justificadas por el futuro, pero visando acciones presentes. Palabras clave: desarrollo; teoría; historiografía; futurologia; imperialismo. Abstract: This paper analyzes the future predictions and the plans presented in the book "The Year 2000: a framework for Speculation on the next thirty-three years" by the futurologists Herman Kahn and Anthony J. Wiener. This article is part of a broader study regarding the theories of development and the visions of the future produced throughout the 1960s and 1970s. Our reflections on the future are made on the basis of Koselleck's concepts and interpretative structure. We also understand these interpretations on the future are some form of reflection and interpretation about the history, since they cannot abandon the past. These visions of the future, therefore, do not deal exclusively with the future, but also approach the understanding of the past and the organization of the present. In this paper, we seek to delineate the treatment of the world organization presented in the book and its reflections about Latin America. We relate these arguments with the proposed guidelines for American action that were justified by the future, nonetheless aimed present actions. Key words: development; theory; historiography; futurology; imperialism.

This study examines the correlation between the skills and competencies developed in engineering programs and those required by the most representative economic sectors in Medellín for optimizing their production and logistics processes. In general terms, this paper aims to contribute to the research on higher education institutions and the alignment of their programs with the expectations of businesses in emerging countries. Thus, the proposed research question is as follows: What is the systemic relationship between academia and businesses in Colombia regarding the development of skills and competencies related to the optimization of production and logistics processes? To address this question, the study methodology starts by defining the target population (Industrial Engineering and related academic programs) and the dialogue methods adopted. Subsequently, a morphological space is created to establish systemic interconnections among the study variables and factors. Finally, patterns and qualitative/quantitative relationships are identified and grouped into two drivers that support the optimization of production and logistics processes. These drivers, in turn, consist of five key driving variables: quality defects, work environment, information and communication technology usage, operation traceability, and logistics and planning. The results indicate a correlation of 60% between courses and job competencies, 85.71% between academic skills and job competencies, and 71.88% between courses and academic skills. These findings provide insights to enhance cooperation between the academic and business sectors and foster the development of new local competitive capacities.

El turismo es una actividad económica con impactos tanto positivos como negativos en la sociedad. Este estudio se enfocó en analizar los impactos económicos del turismo en proveedores de servicios turísticos a nivel mundial. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de papers científicos en bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science y Dialnet, resultando en 89 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 12 para su revisión. Los hallazgos revelaron impactos altamente positivos en empresas de servicios turísticos, como alojamientos, restaurantes, centros de esparcimiento, campamentos y operadores turísticos. Además, se destacaron los emprendimientos a nivel microeconómico como beneficiarios. En conclusión, el turismo contribuye significativamente a la generación de beneficios económicos locales. No obstante, las tendencias globales actuales exigen que la actividad turística se enfoque en principios de equidad, responsabilidad y respeto. El turismo, cuando se gestiona adecuadamente, se convierte en un motor dinamizador de la economía a nivel local y global.

This paper delves into gentrification and segregation in 21st-century Mexico City, connecting a critical visual photo-documentation approach to understanding contemporary urban relationships and social identities. It integrates Charles Morris' triadic model (syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels) in analyzing photo-documentary images. These models help identify urban elements as visual narratives, contributing to segregation and gentrification. The study focuses on Mexico City, specifically the San Nicolás Totolapan neighborhood, using this method to interpret images in context and assess their impact on constructing meanings and representations. The research outcomes offer valuable insights for informed decision-making in architectural and urban design. This work contributes to understanding and addressing the issues of gentrification and segregation in Mexico City's urban landscape.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to advance an argument that might explain the dynamics of recent political developments in Latin America. The argument is constructed as follows. First, I review the dynamics of what Raúl Zibechi (2012) has described as the new geoeconomics of capital in Latin America and the corresponding politics. The paper then elaborates on certain dynamics associated with the political economy of two types of capitalism, with reference here to the particular way in which these forms of capital are combined in the current context of capitalist development in the region. The third part of the paper provides a brief review of the economic and political dynamics that led to the pink tide of regime change in South America. Subsequently, we provide a brief review and analysis of the policy dynamics of the governments formed in the wake of this seatide of regime change and the associated progressive cycle in Latin American politics. The paper then turns towards the recent pendulum swing of electoral politics towards the hard right of neoliberal policy reform. The paper ends with a brief discussion of the forces that might be involved in what appears to be the end of the progressive cycle. The conclusion is that the answer can be found in various contradictions of extractive capitalism. Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es presentar un argumento que pueda explicar la dinámica de los recientes desarrollos políticos en América Latina. El argumento se construye de la siguiente manera. Primero, reviso la dinámica de lo que Raúl Zibechi (2012) ha descrito como la nueva geoeconomía del capital en América Latina y la política correspondiente. Luego, el documento desarrolla ciertas dinámicas asociadas con la economía política de dos tipos de capitalismo, con referencia aquí a la forma particular en que estas formas de capital se combinan en el contexto actual del desarrollo capitalista en la región. La tercera parte del documento proporciona una breve revisión de la dinámica económica y política que condujo a la marea rosa del cambio de régimen en América del Sur. Posteriormente, proporcionamos una breve revisión y análisis de la dinámica de las políticas de los gobiernos formados a raíz de este asiento del cambio de régimen y el ciclo progresivo asociado en la política latinoamericana. Luego, el documento gira hacia el reciente movimiento pendular de la política electoral hacia la extrema derecha de la reforma de la política neoliberal. El artículo termina con una breve discusión de las fuerzas que podrían estar involucradas en lo que parece ser el final del ciclo progresivo. La conclusión es que la respuesta se puede encontrar en varias contradicciones del capitalismo extractivo. Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um argumento que possa explicar a dinâmica dos recentes desenvolvimentos políticos na América Latina. O argumento é construído da seguinte maneira. Primeiro, reviso a dinâmica do que Raúl Zibechi (2012) descreveu como a nova geoeconomia do capital na América Latina e a política correspondente. O artigo elabora, então, certas dinâmicas associadas à economia política de dois tipos de capitalismo, com referência aqui à maneira particular pela qual essas formas de capital são combinadas no contexto atual do desenvolvimento capitalista na região. A terceira parte do artigo fornece uma breve revisão da dinâmica econômica e política que levou à maré rosa da mudança de regime na América do Sul. Posteriormente, fornecemos uma breve revisão e análise da dinâmica das políticas dos governos formadas na esteira dessa mudança de regime e do ciclo progressivo associado na política latino-americana. O artigo então se volta para o recente balanço pendular da política eleitoral em direção à extrema direita da reforma política neoliberal. O artigo termina com uma breve discussão das forças que podem estar envolvidas no que parece ser o fim do ciclo progressivo. A conclusão é que a resposta pode ser encontrada em várias contradições do capitalismo extrativo.

One of the key challenges for agriculture today is feeding an increasing population without contributing to climate change. Increasingly, digital agriculture is discussed as a new sociotechnical regime that could help limit emissions for farmers worldwide. While sustainability is an important issue, recent papers in the field of digital agriculture do not address the problem directly. After a literature review, this paper will focus on the importance of shared perspectives as enablers in socio-technical transitions. This paper argues that the myth of the digital sublime could act in favour of the existing and unsustainable model of agriculture. This is partly a result of hardware production and connectivity already being resource-intensive. Precisely because of this high environmental impact, the following discussion will employ the legacy of the Green Revolution to highlight the importance of precaution in deploying digital agriculture. In theory, in order to address the shortcomings of the current system, private sector companies are developing proprietary software solutions that could in practice entrench unsustainable business models. As an alternative, this paper suggests, existing open-source platforms that encourage not-for-profit collaborations between farmers should be scaled up. Through bottom-up processes, future researchers and developers should seek ways to place sustainability at the centre of their analyses, and encourage the adoption of practices that can be tailored to the diverse needs of farmers. Ultimately, stakeholders in digital agriculture should understand that sustainability principles must be encoded at all stages in the deployment of digital agriculture technologies.

En los últimos años mucho se ha hablado sobre la importancia de generar cambios en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, cambios necesarios dadas las nuevas necesidades y demandas de la sociedad, este panorama deja ver la necesidad de modificar la forma de aprender, para ello es necesario cambiar la manera de enseñar y en este proceso evolutivo un elemento muy importante es justamente la forma de evaluación del aprendizaje. El presente escrito brinda un panorama general de la evaluación educativa, partiendo de su conceptualización, características, importancia, entre otros elementos. Haciendo mayor hincapié la evaluación del aprendizaje, ya que, si bien no es el único elemento del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje evaluable, si es uno de los más practicados, incidentes y con gran repercusión, partiendo de ello, se da bosquejo sobre los principales sistemas de evaluación y medición del aprendizaje en educación superior, destacando la función de la retroalimentación en dicho proceso evaluativo, misma que se ha analizado como elemento motivador en el alumno, puesto que, la retroalimentación centrada en que hacer alienta a pensar que se pueden mejorar, los comentarios de retroalimentación aumentan el interés de los alumnos en el aprendizaje. Palabras clave: Evaluación educativa, evaluación del aprendizaje, motivación escolar, retroalimentación, educación superior. ABSTRACT A lot has been said about the importance of promoting changes in the teaching and learning processes in recent years, necessary changes due to the new needs and demands of society. This overview reveals the need to modify the way learning is conceived, for this reason, it is necessary to change the teaching practices and in this evolutionary process, a crucial element is the way learning is evaluated. This paper provides an overview of educational evaluation, based on its conceptualization, characteristics, importance, among other elements. Emphasizing the evaluation of the learning process, since it is not the only element of the teaching and learning processes that can be evaluated, it is one of the best known, that most affect and with great repercussion, starting from it, an outline is given on the main systems of evaluation and measurement of learning in higher education, highlighting the role of feedback in the evaluation process, which has been analyzed as a motivating element in the student since, focused feedback on what to do encourages to think that an improvement can be achieved, comments based on feedback increase students’ interest on learning. Keywords: Educational evaluation, learning evaluation, motivation, feedback, higher education.

El presente artículo se propone analizar la perspectiva de género como un aspecto relevante tanto para la formación de mediadores como en el proceso de mediación en Ecuador. A partir de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la revisión bibliográfica, histórico lógica y exegética propone también la transformación creativa de conflictos desde lo colaborativo y la justicia restaurativa con el fin de fomentar un cambio de paradigma social basado en la búsqueda de nuevas formas que permitan construir acuerdos que superen los estereotipos de género. Llegando a la conclusión de que es responsabilidad de quienes llevan a cabo el proceso de mediación y la formación de futuros mediadores utilizar e instruir a los mismos sobre las técnicas y herramientas adecuadas para que este proceso se lleve a cabo con igualdad y equidad dejando de lado los estereotipos para lograr procesos de paz que sean más inclusivos y eficaces en Ecuador. Palabras clave: Conflictos, estereotipos, género, mediación, perspectiva de género. ABSTRACT This article is intended to thoroughly analyze the gender perspective as a relevant aspect with regard to both the training of mediators and the mediation process in Ecuador. Based on research with a qualitative approach, in light of a documentary, logical-historical and exegetical review, this research paper also proposes creative conflict transformation in terms of restorative justice so as to promote a change in the social paradigm, based upon the search for new ways to build agreements that overcome gender stereotypes. This research article concludes by stating the fact that it is the responsibility of those who carry out the mediation process and the training of future mediators to instruct them in the use of the appropriate techniques and tools, so that this process is carried out with equality and equity, by putting aside stereotypes, to achieve peace processes that are more inclusive and effective in Ecuador. Keywords: Conflicts, stereotypes, gender, mediation, gender perspective.

Introdução/objetivo: este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, mediante análise envoltória de dados (DEA, sigla em inglês), a eficiência do gasto em segurança pública nos estados brasileiros mais o Distrito Federal, de 2017 a 2020, com relação aos índices de criminalidade. Metodologia: o artigo é uma pesquisa descritiva e de natureza quantitativa. A técnica da DEA aplicada foi orientada ao modelo BCC (Banker, Charnes & Cooper, 1984 [retorno variável de escala]), com modelo input (orientado aos insumos). A variável de entrada utilizada foi a despesa com segurança pública, enquanto as variáveis de saída foram latrocínios, homicídios dolosos, roubo e furto de veículos, bem como tráfico de entorpecentes. Na sequência, foi executado o método proposto e foram apresentados os resultados encontrados após a análise do modelo. Resultados: os resultados indicam que, no período analisado, em média, a aplicação dos recursos das unidades federativas (UF) tem apresentado um percentual de 73.33%, mas ainda há muitas UF que apresentam potencial para utilizar de forma mais eficiente, quando os seus recursos são comparados aos demais estados. Ademais, os resultados demonstram que houve apenas três estados com eficiência máxima, em todos os anos, no período analisado. Conclusões: ainda há necessidade de que políticas públicas voltadas para a questão da segurança sejam refinadas para que as UF possam atingir maior eficiência dos dispêndios nessa área, com vistas a reduzir os índices de criminalidade. Por fim, a identificação detalhada das causas da ineficiência do estado de Roraima, Brasil, que apresenta maior gasto em segurança pública e menor eficiência técnica, pode contribuir para o entendimento de políticas públicas no âmbito da segurança. Introduction / objective: this paper aims to identify, through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the efficiency of spending on public security in the Brazilian states and the federal district, from 2017 to 2020, in relation to crime rates. Methodology: this work is a descriptive and quantitative study. The applied Data Envelopment Analysis was oriented to BCC (Banker, Charnes & Cooper, 1984 [variable returns to scale]) with input model (oriented to inputs). The input variable used was expenditure on public security, while the output variables were intentional homicides, armed robbery, robbery and vehicle theft, and drug trafficking. Next, the proposed method was executed, and the results found after analyzing the model presented. Results: the results imply that, in the analyzed period, on average, the application of resources from the Federative Units (FUs) has presented a percentage of 73.33%, but there are still many FUs that have the potential to use them more efficiently, when its resources are compared to other states. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that there were only three states with maximum efficiency, in all years, in the analyzed period. Conclusions: therefore, the conclusion is that it is still necessary for the issue of security are refined in a more appropriate way, so that the FUs can achieve greater efficiency in expenditure in this area, aiming to reduce crime rates. Finally, the detailed identification of the causes of inefficiency in the state of Roraima, Brasil, which has higher spending on public security and lower technical efficiency, can contribute to the understanding of public policies in the field of security.

At the end of the 1960s, neighborhood movements burst onto the municipal agenda in many metropolitan environments worldwide through numerous demands related to basic needs. In Madrid, these demands took different neighborhood spaces and some former municipalities that were integrated as districts in the city’s urban core as a geographic scale of reference. This placed these locations at the center of the political debate, which gradually faded away as a result of the various municipal reforms developed during the first two decades of parliamentary democracy in Spain. In the last fifteen years, neighborhood demands have taken a different turn, as a political phenomenon has appeared linked to new forms of neighborhood protest called neighborhoodnalism. This process was not diminished during the hardest moments of the global covid-19 pandemic; rather, it has been strengthened as a dynamic of political socialization, solidarity, and daily resistance in many of Madrid’s neighborhoods. As a result, the referents and elements of identification around the neighborhood, as well as the political practice of neighborhoodnalism itself, have been expanded. From a spatial perspective of neighborhood movements that considers political identity as a dynamic and resignified process through protest and collective organization, and through ethnography and the analysis of in-depth interviews held over five years in the Madrid district of Hortaleza around the Three Kings Parade, this paper studies how these socio-political practices are being articulated in urban space and how the learning of this form of spatial socialization is influencing Madrid’s municipal agenda as a whole.

Adolescent pregnancy is a social and public health problem that has been usually addressed by promoting sexual and reproductive education among teenagers and youngsters. However, these interventions tend to ignore gender inequities, inequality gaps, poverty, marginalization, social deprivation and lack of respect for human rights, although changing these circumstances could favor the prevention of this phenomenon more directly. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between adolescent fertility and the conditions of the social and economic structure in the state of Tamaulipas through a regionalization with the REDCAP (meaning, Regionalization with Dynamically Constrained Agglomerative Clustering and Partitioning) algorithms procedure done at the municipal level, to identify the risk of adolescent pregnancy. The findings revealed significant differences in vulnerability levels by region based on socioeconomic and fertility variables. This undoubtedly shows the need to address the phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy with differentiated approaches as well.

The paper examines five poems in which the Portuguese Baroque poet Frei Jerónimo Baía (1620-1688) depicts the portrait of the beloved woman. Each of these texts features the list of the different body parts praised for their beauty, following a model already present in the Petrarchist tradition. Baía combines to this model, like other authors of the same period, a display of wit and a playful disposition for wordplay, hyperbole, and paradox.

José Saramago has repeatedly positioned himself against the use of the concept of narrator, often with categorical and provocative statements, seeking to take part in a theoretical-literary discussion that transcended his time andplace. By reflecting on the function of the literary quarrelin the construction and promotion of the writer-polemist, the purpose of this paper isto revive and deepen the debateproposed by the Portuguese Nobel laureate. Ouraim is to retrace his positions and a part of the history of the concept of the narrator, in orderto examine how this category is constructed in some of Saramago’s novels.

This article explores different bodies of literature looking at the rising power of digital corporations. With this work I aim to provide a critical up-to-date approach to the topic. The first part of the paper introduces the phenomenon of digital capitalism, navigating different sociological approaches. Then, it proceeds by addressing the difficulties of naming the phenomenon and the attention that is gathering among politicians, academics and the general public. The second part of the work explores three different but complementary bodies of literature looking at tech power In the first place the paper explores critical management studies’ contributions describing the characteristics of digital corporations. Secondly, the text reflects critical legal scholars’ works analysing what has been identified as one of the essential features of digital capitalism: the infrastructural power enjoyed by corporations such as Facebook or Amazon. Finally the paper exposes two different Marxist perspectives looking at digital capitalism and its latest developments. The labour-focused Marxist contribution mainly represented by Christian Fuchs and Trebor Scholz and the postfordist approach of Maurizio Lazzarato or Matteo Pasquinelli, among others.

Based in a digital archive of first-person witness by people currently incarcerated in the United States (U.S.), this paper discusses witness texts that document and grieve the experience of alienation of self-identity, fight that alienation, and that together map both the degradation of human dignity at the center of current U.S. penality and how it can be resisted in restoring sociality with other incarcerated people. Writing from inside often represents a moment not only of resistance to the prison regime, but of reconstruction of the self that is the premise for all further resistance. After placing prison witness today against the background of such witness from an earlier penal era, the paper looks at patterns across the essays currently posted in the American Prison Writing Archive (APWA). The paper suggests that the very availability of the APWA could re-ground future U.S. prison scholarship.

Drawing on long-term ethnography and interviews, this paper investigates language work and language management in the context of a multilingual call center. It looks at how language issues are managed on a day-to-day basis, specifically in three areas that have been previously overlooked: i) the recruitment process for multilingual agents, ii) how agents are trained in language management, and iii) how their performance on the phone in multiple languages is evaluated and monitored. The paper re-examines the value of scripts, particularly in relation to knowledge management, challenging the idea that working language fluency on the phone is the principal skill required. Rather, the paper demonstrates that successful agents utilize a variety of skills which are learned with the help of scripts, concluding that ‘interactive professional’ rather than ‘language worker’ better describes the skill set required by agents for this work.

The paper recalls the political theory of a group of Italian scholars who led the European Federalist Movement starting from the mid-60s. Their scientific analysis of the globalisation process and their innovative federal state model seems to provide interesting insights into contemporary events. Nation-based political paradigms fail to explain or deal with the ongoing global metamorphosis, which has made it impossible to retrace social, economic and military issues to a specific “culpable” State: terrorism strikes both from a generic outside and from within. Hence the collective perception of living in an unstable era of confused and unmanageable disorder and the rising of insecurity-related fears which result in a schizophrenic attitude of micro-nationalism expecting at the same time a protective umbrella from “upper” institutions. This is most tangible in Europe. The paper highlights with an interdisciplinary approach two features of federalists’ investigation which seem to be particularly relevant today. Their historical analysis underlines how until WW2 European States tried to counteract interdependence by strengthening themselves through nationalism, militarism, autarchy etc. and by leveraging collective fears. Being both symptoms of the collapsing of national States and the tools these States used to preserve themselves, they created a vicious cycle which might still be ongoing today on a more global level. Federalists’ political studies led to the designing of the post-industrial federal State “model”. It is an open multi-levelled institutional schema able to create a new “order” by turning globalisation into a process of both infra-national and supra-national federalisation, and a new global political society by “revolutionising” all political values, notions and lexicon (multi-level governance, pluri-dimensional political loyalty, participatory democracy). Federalism is therefore described as the cultural and political “paradigm” of contemporary age, of which a truly federated Europe might be the first historical implementation.

Spain is generally regarded as one of the European countries most affected by the Great Recession starting in 2008 and subsequent restrictive policies. In the first part of this paper we attempt to understand the impacts of the crisis on the welfare state that have led to health inequalities, with a special emphasis on the history of the Spanish National Health System from mid-twentieth century onwards. We also examine citizens’ responses to austerity measures within the health system, highlighting the role of the “white tides” movement. In the second part of the paper, we provide a selective review of the main findings on the effects of the Great Recession in the country, focusing particularly on its outcomes on mental health and on inequalities in health and healthcare use. We conclude that key policies need to be directed towards “the causes of the causes” of health inequalities, a complicated challenge in the current phase of capitalism.

The paper presents the general lines of an "economy of scientific knowledge", and specifically an approach from the social studies of science based on the application of game theory to the analysis of scientific interactions and institutions. The paper will analyze in what sense and to what extent an approach of this kind can be useful to answer the classic questions about the rationality and objectivity of scientific knowledge. These issues are exemplified with the application of game theory to three different situations: the choice of standards or quality standards in science, the choice of a theory, and the "social construction" of a scientific fact.

This paper analyses how the public policies of potable water distribution have influenced the perceptions people in Villa Chaquimayu, a marginalized neighbourhood of Cochabamba (Bolivia), have about the State. This analysis is based on the theoretical distinction between ‘State-system’ and ‘State-idea’ proposed by Abrams (1988). Following Abrams, this paper examines both the practices the Bolivian State has implemented to deliver potable water to Villa Chaquimayu (State-system), and the notions people in this neighbourhood have about the State (State-idea). By using ethnographic data, this investigation shows that a deficient public management of potable water distribution has negatively influenced people’s ideas and perceptions about what is the State.

Neo liberalism under globalisation makes an all-around attack against state intervention and promotes privatisation. Contrary to it, rising consciousness for inclusion and protection of human rights demands ensuring opportunities to all by increasing access, equality and quality. Education is a basic human right. But inclusive education in India is still a myth. Odisha , a constituent state of Indian federalism and housing 62 tribes has witnessed its limitations in universalising education at a micro level, particularly in the interior physically delinked tribal areas. Under such a situation, the non state actors have come forward to substitute and to supplement the state action. The present paper by adopting an exploratory design and resorting to qualitative method has tried to document the empirical experiences gained from the field on the effective innovations launched by a CSO. The objective of the paper is to indicate the efficacy of non state actors through CSO induced innovations experimented in the sample schools under empirical study, its adaptation by the local milieu and impact on the indigenous right to education. The paper concludes that the non state actors have come up in a great way to fill up the vacuum created by the withdrawal of state and are going to play a significant role in the governance of the flagship programmes and giving a fillip to the constitutional mandates.

Este trabajo parte del análisis estadístico de una muestra representativa de la población de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, con el objetivo de estudiar algunas características de (lo que bourdieunamente llamamos) los principios de visión y división de lo político. Específicamente, se enfoca en cómo se percibe al conflicto político a través de tales principios. Para ello se confecciona una escala de Likert, a través de la cual se elabora un conjunto de variables cuyo entrelazamiento conforma la dimensión que denominamos “Rechazo del conflicto político”. Junto con lo cual se realiza una reflexión metodológica acerca de cómo aprehender ese objeto central a este escrito: el modo de di-visión de lo político. This paper uses a statistical analysis, of a representative sample of the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires’ population, with the goal of studying some characteristics of (what with Bourdieu we call) the principles of vision and division of the political. Specifically, this paper focuses in how political conflict is perceived through those principles. For that it is prepared a Likert’s scale, through what are elaborated a group of variables whose entwine conform the dimension that we call “Reject of political conflict”. With which this paper realize a methodological reflection about how we get that main object of this study: the mode of the political di-vision.

Este trabajo explica las condiciones en las que se dio la alternancia político-electoral en Paraguay tras 61 años de hegemonía de la Asociación Nacional Republicana-Partido Colorado (ANR-PC). La alternancia producto de las elecciones de abril de 2008 implicó un hito histórico en el Cono Sur, tras la derrota del último bastión hegemónico en la región y el ascenso de un liderazgo outsider de la mano de una alianza de movimientos de izquierda y un partido tradicional, el Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico (PLRA). El principal hallazgo de este documento señala que el intento reeleccionista del presidente Duarte Frutos fue un factor decisivo para consumar la alternancia política; éste le permitió a la Alianza Patriótica para el Cambio (APC) conseguir la presidencia de la república en 2008 por encima de otras variables, que no resultaron ser tan significativas como la mencionada. / This paper examines the conditions under which the political-electoral alternation took place in Paraguay after 61 years of hegemony of the Asociación Nacional Republicana-Partido Colorado (ANR-PC). The alternation, produced by the elections of April 2008, marks a historic milestone in the Southern Cone, with the defeat of the last hegemonic stronghold in the region, and the rise of the leadership of an “outsider”, together with a leftist movements and a traditional party -the Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico (PLRA) alliance. The paper ́s main finding is that President Duarte Frutos’ reelection attempt was a decisive factor for political alternation. This element determined the Alianza Patriótica para el Cambio (APC)’s winning the presidency of the republic in 2008 over other variables which proved not to be as meaningful.

En este trabajo se evalúan las consecuencias de la implementación conjunta de dos instrumentos institucionales —primarias abiertas y sistema de doble vuelta electoral— en Argentina y Uruguay, en donde ambos se adoptaron formalmente. Los dos mecanismos formaron parte de las últimas reformas políticas latinoamericanas y comparten propósitos similares. Se inquiere acerca de los casos mencionados, en los cuales ambas prácticas se incorporaron en la legislación nacional y fueron utilizadas simultáneamente, en una sola ocasión en el primer caso (2015) y en tres en el segundo (1999, 2009, 2014). Se estudia la última elección presidencial celebrada en los países aludidos. Luego, se comparan los resultados, con el objeto de constatar los efectos de la implementación consecutiva de estas normativas sobre el funcionamiento democrático de cada uno de estos Estados. / This paper will evaluate the effects of the concurrent application of two institutional instruments —open primary elections and majority runoff system— in the two countries of Latin America, Argentina and Uruguay, in which both were formally adopted and were implemented in more than one opportunity. Both mechanisms formed part of the latest Latin American political reforms and share similar objectives. The two cases mentioned above, in which both practices were incorporated in national legislation, have been used simultaneously only once in the first case (in 2015), and three in the second (1999, 2009 and 2014). In this paper we shall look at the last presidential election held in each case, evaluating the success of the aforementioned common purposes. Subsequently, we compare the results to ascertain the results of the consecutive implementation of these norms and their effect on democratic functioning in each case.

In this paper an approach to the Conversation Analysis (CA) methodology is proposed. This methodology was used to collect and analyze a spontaneously and naturally spoken interaction. In this case, a conversation between four friends was taken in a context of familiarity. The 5 minute conversation was transcribed following the conventions of Van Lier (1988) and Johnson (1995). Turn taking, overlaps, adjacency pairs, silences and pauses were considered as units of analysis. The paper concludes that the conversation is not merely a chain of ordered shifts with a given duration.

This paper presents a systematization of the evolution of generative linguistic studies. The paper initially describes the main arguments that support generative cognitivism and which ones distinguish it from the empiricist tradition. Following, some grammar models emerged from the generative theory are presented. Convergences and divergences between theoretical generative studies and the psycholinguistic studies are also referenced. Findings of psycholinguistics based on methods that consider real time speaker linguistic coding and interference of prosodic patterns suggest that the theoretical generative studies should improve research methods in order to make more grounded predictions.

this paper analyzes the first two attempts at the creation of science and technology policy in Ecuador from the role of various stakeholders: scientists, politicians, and industry. The institutionalization of this policy first emerged in 1973 as part of the “nationalist and revolutionary” military dictatorship of Rodriguez Lara, and as part of the proposed import substitution industrialization (ISI) in response to the oil boom. The second attempt took place during the return to democracy in 1979 and was based on the enactment of the Law on the National System of Science and Technology and on the creation of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología. This paper discusses the narrative of the events rather than the cause. It examines social macro processes through the lens of various stakeholders (political and economic national conditions and international influences). Furthermore, the definition and implementation of policies is explained via political cultures; implicit and explicit scientific technology Policy; and technological scientific paradigms.

the aim of the paper is to review the tools used to investigate organizational learning in order to propose a survey guide. When diagnosing an organizational learning, investigation plays a key role. By incorporating various levels, an investigation takes into account the views of participants on the dimensions of the organizational learning. On the other hand studies that use a qualitative approach to this topic are less common when it comes to include an inductive process from the perspective of the actors involved in learning process. Based on the identification and operationalization of the dimensions considered, as well as the techniques carried out in the survey of information, this paper presents several research questions designed to identify the processes, barriers, facilitators, and impacts originated within the organizational learning processes, as opportunities to recover and include among the organizational routines lessons learned in solving the problems the organizations need to face.

This paper is part of a larger research project, which aims to study the discursive polemic (Amossy 2014) regarding a new scheme of agro-export taxes – retenciones – that took place in Argentina in 2008. For this, we analyzed the nodal points (Maingueneau 2010) that organize two opposing dis-courses, aiming to contrast the circulation of ideological signs (Voloshinov 1976), focus of discursive struggles. Focusing upon public speeches of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, on the one hand, and of agrarian organizations leaders opposed to the new tax, on the other, in this paper we discuss the accentuations of the sign GOBIERNO. The results reveal a complex dichotomization, underlying diverse conceptions of political legitimation and representation.