Search

V diplomski nalogi bo obravnavana problematika prekomernih medfaznih zalog in zalog sestavnih delov ter končnih izdelkov. V izbranem podjetju želimo vpeljati metode vitkosti, optimizirati delovni proces in materialni tok. Montažna delavnica je potrebna prenove, staro opremo bomo zamenjali z novo, to torej pomeni, da bo potrebno investiranje v novo opremo. Podjetje bi rado izvedelo, ali se le-to investiranje izplača na določeno amortizacijsko dobo. Za samo optimiranje procesa smo uporabili metode vitkosti, kot so 5S, 7W, kanban in pretok posameznih obdelovancev. Celotno oskrbo materiala oz. interni transport na delovno mesto smo reorganizirali. Znebili smo se priprave materiala za posamezni delovni nalog in prestavili del zaloge na skladišče montažne delavnice, ker delavci sami pripravijo potreben material za izdelavo končnega produkta. Izračunali smo optimalne velikosti serij, iz obstoječih 200-500 kosov na 50 kosov. Tako smo zmanjšali proizvodne količine in količine zaloge sestavnih delov ter končnih izdelkov. In this thesis we will discuss the issue of excessive interphaze stocks, stock of components and finished products. In selected company, we want to introduce lean methods, optimaze the work process and material flow. The assembly workplace is in need of renovation, the old equipment will be replaced with new one, which means that it will be necessary to invest in new equipment. The company would like to know whether this invesment pays off over a certain amortization period. We used lean methods, such as 5S, 7W, kanban and One-Piece Flow to optimize the process. We reorganized the entire supply of material or internal transport to the workplace. We got rid of preparation of material for each individual work order and we moved part of stock directly to the workplace, where workers themselves prepare components for assembly of the finished products. We calculated the optimal batch sizes, from existing 200-500 pieces to 50 pieces. In this way, we reduced the production quantities and stock quantities of compoments and finished products.

Povod za izdelavo magistrskega dela je bil neuspešen sistem planiranja proizvodnje v podjetju Menina d.d. V skladiščih so se pojavljale prevelike zaloge izdelkov z majhno prodajo, posledično pa je primanjkovalo prostora za izdelke z veliko prodajo. Vse to je privedlo do velikih stroškov skladiščenja. V nalogi smo s pomočjo ABC in XYZ analize izdelke razvrstili v 111 skupin. Analizirali smo gibanje materialov skozi različna skladišča polizdelkov v proizvodnji. Za vsako skupino izdelkov smo določili nove velikosti serij izdelkov za izdelavo. Na podlagi vseh analiz in potreb za planiranje v podjetju smo razvili nov sistem za planiranje proizvodnje, ki na podlagi pretekle prodaje in proizvodnje izdelkov preračuna, kdaj bomo morali izdelati novo serijo posamezne skupine izdelkov, da bodo zaloge končnih izdelkov vedno optimalne. Nov proces planiranja je hitrejši in bolj natančen. Analiza preteklih podatkov je nudila dovolj informacij za načrtovanje trenda prodaje in izdelave izdelkov. Nov sistem planiranja tudi omogoča, da lahko odločitve o naročilih vodji proizvodnega in prodajnega oddelka sprejemata skupaj. The reason for the master's thesis was the unsuccessful production planning system in the company Menina d.d. There were excessive stocks of low-selling products in warehouses, and as a result there was a lack of space for high-selling products. All this led to higher storage costs. Using ABC and XYZ analysis, we classified the products into 111 groups. We analyzed the movement of materials through different warehouses of semi-finished products in production. For each product group, we determined new sizes of batches of products to manufacture. Based on all the analysis and planning needs in the company, we developed a new production planning system which, based on past sales and product production, recalculates when we will have to produce a new batch of an individual product group so that stocks of finished products will always be optimal. The new planning process is faster and more accurate. Analysis of past data provided sufficient information to plan the trend of sales and manufacturing of products. The new planning system also allows procurement decisions to be made jointly by the heads of the production and sales departments.

V okviru diplomskega dela je bila naloga razviti spletno aplikacijo, katere namen je pomagati študentom pri izbiri mesta študiranja. Bodoči študenti so ponavadi že odločeni, kaj bodo študirali. Vendar pa se postavlja izjemno pomembno vprašanje, in sicer katero univerzo izbrati in kje. Aplikacija, ki je rezultat te diplomske naloge, poskuša študentom pomagati pri odgovoru na to vprašanje in še na mnoga druga. Poleg kakovosti univerze študente tudi zanimajo kakovost življenja v mestu, kjer bodo študirali, izkušnje drugih študentov, prednosti, ki jih prinaša študij na določeni univerzi, ipd. Cilj aplikacije je, da na enem mestu poskusi omogočiti sistematičen dostop do vseh informacij, ki jih študenti potrebujejo. V ta namen je bilo pri aplikacija še posebej veliko napora vloženega v zagotavljanje smiselne urejenosti in preglednosti teh podatkov. Rezultat diplome je aplikacija, ki študentom omogoča pridobivanje relevantnih informacij, ki pripomorejo pri odločitvi o izbiri univerze. The task in the scope of the diploma thesis was to develop an application with the purpose of helping students choose the place of study. Prospective students have usually already decided, what they want to study. However, an important question appears, namely, which university to choose and where. The web application, which is the result of this diploma work, tries to help with answering this and many other questions. Besides the quality of the university, students also wonder about the quality of life within the city, where they would study as well as other students’ experiences, advantages of studying at particular university etc. The web application’s goal is to enable a systematic access to all the information students need to know in one place. For this reason a large amount of effort has been put into providing sensible order and accessible overview of this data. The diploma’s result is an application that enables students access to relevant information, that helps with choice of university.

Diplomska naloga opisuje razvoj spletne aplikacije za vodenje projektov po metodologiji Kanban. Uvodni del naloge opisuje osnovno teoretično področje agilnega razvoja programske opreme in predstavi metodologijo Kanban. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene nekatere obstoječe programske rešitve, iz katerih smo dobili informacije o konceptu uporabe orodja za vodenje procesov po metodi Kanban. Te koncepte v nadaljevanju uporabimo pri izgradnji naše aplikacije, katera med drugim podpira spremljanje projekta z uporabo table in kartic, komunikacijo znotraj posamezne ekipe, prikaz ključnih grafov s podatki o napredku projekta in podporo za vodenje dokumentacije o projektu. V drugem delu diplomske naloge predstavimo realizirano spletno aplikacijo iz tehničnega vidika. Opišemo uporabniške specifikacije, tehnične specifikacije in postopek razvoja posameznih delov aplikacije. Za realizacijo spletne aplikacije smo uporabili tehnologijo PHP kot programski jezik za zaledje aplikacije, MySQL za podatkovno bazo in nekaj sodobnih orodij za razvoj uporabniškega vmesnika. V osnovi gre za prototip aplikacije, vendar le-ta podpira vse ključne koncepte za vodenje procesov po metodi Kanban. Vključuje tudi nekaj dodatnih funkcionalnosti, kar aplikaciji omogoča boljšo uporabniško izkušnjo. Aplikacija je primerljiva z obstoječimi rešitvami na trgu. The thesis describes the development of web application for Kanban project management. The first part of the thesis describes basics of agile software development and presents Kanban methodology. This is followed by presentation of the existing web applications, from where the information on the concepts for Kanban project management tool are obtained. We use this concepts to build our application, which supports project overview with kanban board, remote team communication, graphs with various data on project's progress and documentation management. In the second part of thesis we present the realized web application from the technical point of view. We describe user specifications, technical specifications and the development process of the application. We used PHP language to develop server side technology, MySQL for the database management and some modern tools for the development of user interface. Currently, application is a prototype, but it supports the key concepts for project management according to the Kanban methodology and includes some additional functionalities, which provide a better user experience to the application. As a result, it is competitive with existing solutions on the market.

V magistrskem delu smo načrtovali prototip spletne aplikacije za vodenje projektov. Vodenje projektov in organiziranje vseh virov informacij znotraj projekta sta zelo zahtevni in zamudni opravili. Ne le to, sodobni projekti zahtevajo nenehno prilagajanje spremembam naročnika in povratnim informacijam končnih uporabnikov. Uporaba spletnih aplikacij za vodenje agilnih projektov je danes samoumevna, med drugim zaradi vse večjega zanimanja za delo na daljavo. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil odkriti pomanjkljivosti obstoječih aplikacij, jih nadgraditi z inovativnimi pristopi in izboljšati uporabniško izkušnjo. Da bi preverili postavljeni hipotezi, da bo aplikacija v spletni obliki zagotovila preglednejše in preprostejše vodenje projektov ter da bo izdelava končnega prototipa predstavljala kakovosten približek aplikacije, smo šli skozi celoten proces raziskovanja. Pri tem smo najprej pregledali literaturo na področju vodenja projektov in spoznali agilni metodologiji Kanban in Scrum. Nadaljevali smo s pregledom in razčlenitvijo obstoječih rešitev. S pomočjo anket in intervjujev smo izvedeli podrobne informacije o svoji ciljni publiki in njihove potrebe. S segmentacijo intervjuvanih oseb smo oblikovali persone in jih podkrepili s scenariji. Na temelju zbranih informacij smo zgradili informacijsko arhitekturo, s katero smo na pregleden in preprost način organizirali vsebino aplikacije. Informacijska arhitektura je predstavljala osnovo za nadaljnje oblikovanje žičnih diagramov, poti uporabnika in končnega interaktivnega prototipa. Ustreznost prototipa smo na koncu preverili s testiranjem na uporabnikih, ki so v ta namen rešili vnaprej pripravljene naloge. Na temelju rezultatov testiranja smo prišli do zaključka, da sta naši hipotezi bili pravilno postavljeni. Uspelo nam je odkriti pomanjkljivosti obstoječih rešitev in jih na inovativen način izboljšati. Naše delo podaja smernice za načrtovanje in prototipiranje izboljšav v spletnih aplikacijah. In our master's thesis we designed and prototyped application for web project management. Project management and organization of all resources is highly complex and time-consuming task. Not only that, modern type of projects requires constant adaptation to never ending consumer requirements and customer feedbacks. The use of web applications for managing agile projects is self-evident, not only because of high number of information but also because of increasing trend of remote work. The main goal of research was to discover shortcomings of existing applications, upgrade it with innovative approaches and improve overall user experience. To validate both hypotheses, where we assumed that application in web form provides better experience and that final prototype represents quality approximation of the application, we went through entire research process and planning. We first reviewed existing literature about project management and got acquainted with the most popular agile methodologies like Kanban and Scrum. We continued with analysis and break down of current solutions. Through surveys and interviews, we learned detailed information about our target audience and their needs. With acquired results, we did segmentation of users by defining personas and their scenarios. From gathered information we created information architecture, where we organized content the way that is easy to navigate and search for. Information architecture was the foundation for creating wireframes, user flows (combined in wireflows) and final interactive prototype. At the end we performed user acceptance testing, where users solved in advance prepared tasks. Based on gathered results we came to conclusion, that our hypotheses were set correctly. We did discover shortcomings of existing applications and improved them with innovative approaches. Our thesis provides guidelines for designing and prototyping improvements in existing web applications.

Diplomsko delo v uvodu osvetli problematiko interne logistike v proizvodnih podjetjih. Nato opiše pristope, ki so uporabljeni za informatizacijo internih logističnih procesov in trenuten razvoj na tem področju. Izdelana je bila analiza logističnega procesa in opis funkcionalnih zahtev. Obstoječi produkti so bili analizirani na podlagi pridobljenih zahtev. V sklopu naloge je bil izdelan delujoči prototip informacijskega sistema. Prototip je sestavljen iz dveh strežniških in ene mobilne aplikacije, njegovo delovanje dokazuje tehnično izvedljivost sistema. Opisano je delovanje delov in njihova implementacija. Na podlagi prototipa so bile določene končne funkcionalne zahteve, ki so bile upoštevane pri izdelavi dveh prototipov uporabniškega vmesnika. S pomočjo ankete so bile izluščene ključne funkcionalnosti, ki jih mora končni sistem vsebovati. Naloga tako predstavlja celostno analizo obravnavane problematike in služi kot vodilo pri izbiri ustrezne informacijske rešitve. In the introduction we illuminate the field of internal logistics. Then we describe approaches that are currently in use for informatisation of internal logistics and present development in this field. We analyzed the logistic process and described functional demands. Available commercial information systems were analyzed with regards to functional demands. We developed a prototype composed of two server and one mobile application. Correct functioning of prototype shows that the system is technologically feasible. We described functioning of all parts that the prototype is composed of and their implementation. Based on the prototype we defined final functional demands which were considered when we developed prototype of the final user interface. With a poll we extracted key functionalities that the final information system must include. Presented work is a thorough analysis of the stated problem and is usable as a guidance towards choosing the correct information system.

Želja vsakega podjetja je ustvarjenje maksimalnega dobička z namenom nadaljnjega razvoja in obstoja na trgu. V tej želji se je podjetje Geberit-proizvodnja d.o.o. preselilo na novo lokacijo in organiziralo proizvodnjo po metodi kanban. V diplomskem delu je predstavljena analiza sistema kanban v proizvodnji polnilnih ventilov tipa 333, pri čemer je predmet obdelave predvsem supermarket in njegove vmesne zaloge. Analiza proizvodnega sistema vodi do primerjave med idealnimi pogoji, v katerih bi lahko sistem kanban deloval, in dejansko proizvodnjo, v kateri je sistem kanban že vzpostavljen. Na osnovi opravljene analize lahko potrdimo, da metoda kanban prinese v proizvodni proces večjo preglednost nad zalogami ter samim proizvodnim procesom. Sistem kanban tako omogoči podjetju zmožnost prilagajanja zalog, da je proizvodni proces čimbolj racionalen. The desire of every company is to make maximum profit in order to further develop and exist in the market. In this desire, Geberit-manufacturing d.o.o. moved to a new location and organized production by kanban method. The diploma thesis presents an analysis of the Kanban system in the production of filling valves type 333, with the focus on the supermarket and its intermediate supplies. The analysis of the production system leads to a comparison between the ideal conditions in which the kanban system could operate and the actual production in which the kanban system is already established. Based on our analysis, we can confirm that the kanban method brings more transparency to the production process over stocks and the production process itself. The kanban system thus gives the company the ability to adjust inventory so that the production process is as streamlined as possible.

Dandanes je sprememb na trgu zelo veliko in nanje se moramo hitro in primerno odzvati. Nepravilen odziv oziroma nepripravljenost lahko pustita trajne posledice. Zato ima danes industrija veliko izzivov, ki se navezujejo na vitko proizvodnjo, kar pomeni, da je podjetje sposobno hitro ustreči kupcem in narediti primerne izdelke v primerni količini. To pa pomeni, da ni več masovne proizvodnje, ampak se proizvaja samo izdelke, ki se jih potrebuje, v ustrezni količini in kakovosti. Diplomska naloga vsebuje analizo toka vrednosti, kjer je izmerjeno, kako hitro podjetje naredi izdelek in kakšna je stopnja dodane vrednosti za izbran produkt. Nowadays, there are many changes in the market to which we have to react quickly and appropriately. A wrong response or unpreparedness to such changes can leave lasting consequences, which means the companies have to mainly focus on so called “lean production” that is able to satisfy the demand in a timely manner with an exact number of products. In turn, that means there is hardly any mass production left and products are only being manufactured according to market demand in right quantity and quality. This assignment contains value stream mapping a set of all steps from the start of value creation until the delivery of the end result, which will also help us determine added value for a specific product.

Zaradi potreb po vse hitrejšem razvoju programskih rešitev in zmanjševanju tveganj, da razvita programska oprema ne bi ustrezala končnim uporabnikom, so že pred več leti slapovni razvoj nadomestile lahke in agilne metodologije, ki sledijo principom evolucijskega razvoja. Na voljo so številne agilne metodologije. Med najbolj poznanimi so: Scrum, Kanban, FDD, XP, Crystal . . . . Njihova uvedba v prakso pa je še vedno izziv, saj je način uvajanja zelo odvisen od več lastnosti, kot so: kultura podjetja na področju razvoja programske opreme, kompetence posameznikov, vrste projektov, ki jih podjetje izvaja, itn. V raziskovalni sferi se je za namen uvajanja prilagodljivih in agilnih metodologij uveljavil tako imenovani situacijski pristop razvoja metodologij (v nadaljevanju: SME), ki izhaja iz karakteristik podjetja in projektov ter predlaga korake uvedbe primerne metodologije. V praksi je iz izkušenj z uporabo te metode sorazmerno malo, saj zahteva poglobljen pristop in sodelovanje različnih strokovnih profilov. Cilj magistrskega dela je podrobno preučiti principe SME, jih po potrebi prilagoditi in uporabiti za razvoj konkretne agilne metodologije v podjetju. New methodologies of software development were adjusted and implemented because of the needs for faster software development and to limit the risks for unfulfilled goals. Waterfall as a methodology was replaced by the agile methodologies. These follow the principle of evolutional development. There are many agile methodologies. Most known methodologies are Scrum, Kanban, FDD, XP, Crystal ... Their implementation into the company is still a challenge because it depends on many factors like: the culture of the company in developing software, skills of the employees, types of projects developed by the company and many other factors. In academics for implementing agile methodologies, a new approach was defined. The approach is called situational method engineering. This approach uses all the characteristics of the company and suggests approaches that are taken from agile methodologies. There is a lack of this approach in academics because it needs deep understanding and cooperation with different experts. The goal of the master's thesis is done very precise analyse of the SME, customize and use it for developing an agile methodology for the company that develops software.

V diplomskem delu je predstavljena vpeljava agilnih in vitkih metod v proces podjetja, ki je nekatere prakse uporabljalo že prej, vendar nedosledno. Za uspešno vpeljavo je bilo najprej potrebno preučiti značilnosti agilnega in vitkega pristopa s poudarkom na Scrumu in Kanbanu. Upoštevajoč značilnosti projekta se je izkazalo, da bi bila najprimernejša kombinacija obeh - Scrumban. Na podlagi tega je bil izdelan načrt vpeljave, s točno opredelitvijo uporabljenih metod, izbranih pravil in predvidenega poteka dela. Po vpeljavi je bila opravljena analiza uspešnosti, kjer je uspešnost ocenjena s pomočjo grafov in spremljanja doslednosti uporabe izbranih praks. Rezultati meritev so pokazali, da je bila vpeljava uspešna in posledično dostava projektnega izdelka hitrejša. This Bachelor’s thesis introduces the implementation of agile and lean methods into the company process, which used some practices previously, but inconsistently. For successful implementation, the characteristics of agile and lean approach, with an emphasis on Scrum and Kanban, had to be considered first. Considering the characteristics of the project, it became apparent that the combination of both would be best – Scrumban. Based on this, an implementation plan with an exact characterization of methods used, selected rules and estimated work course was formed. After the implementation, a performance analysis was carried out, which assessed the success rate with the help of graphs and monitoring the consistency of using specific practices. The results proved that the implementation was successful and, consequently, the project product delivery was faster.

V diplomski nalogi smo se najprej posvetili raziskavi splošnega pomena agilnosti, kaj z njo dosežemo, kaj to sploh je in katera orodja ji omogočajo podporo. Nekatera izmed danes bolj popularnih, po raziskavah podjetja VersionOne, smo opisali. Nato smo se usmerili v enega izmed teh spoznanih procesnih okvirjev, in sicer SCRUM, ki smo ga s pomočjo testnega projekta tudi podrobneje opisali. Testni projekt je bil zamišljen kot aplikacija na mobilnih telefonih za pomoč uporabnikom pri kuhanju. Z njegovo pomočjo smo lahko zahteve razdelili na posamezna opravila ter jih nato testno vnesli v program za agilno vodenje. Preizkusili smo tri orodja, ki služijo razvoju programske opreme po agilnem procesu SCRUM. Iz ugotovljenih rezultatov pa smo opravili primerjavo orodij, glede na njihovo funkcionalnost in zmožnost zagotavljanja podpore sledenju, vodenju in načrtovanju zadev, opravil ali projektov. In this diploma thesis, we first focused on research of genereral meaning of being agile, which tools exist in market and what they allow us to do. I mentioned some of the most used agile methodologies by the research of VersionOne company. Then we focused into one of those agile process frameworks, named SCRUM, which we described in more details with the help of the test project we created. Test project is also quickly described later. It was conceived as the mobile apllication to help users cook. With it's help we could divide the requests into invidiudal tasks and then insert them into agile management program. We researched three tools that allow us to manage software development consistent with scrum guidelines. From the results we did the analysis of functionality and capability, for providing good support for managing, planing and tracking tasks, projects and issues.

POVZETEK Podjetja morajo stalno izboljševati svoje procese, če želijo ostati konkurenčna na globalnem trgu. To je proces, ki se nikoli ne konča. V nalogi smo se lotili izboljševanja na konkretnem primeru, in sicer smo raziskali možnosti za optimizacijo dela lanserjev v podjetju Odelo Slovenija. Predstavili smo okolje, v katerem lanser deluje, in naloge, ki jih izvaja. Razvili smo metodo, ki lanserje ovrednoti, in tako določili obremenjenost posameznega lanserja. Na podlagi teh rezultatov smo ugotovili, kateri lanserji so preveč in kateri premalo obremenjeni. Predlagali smo drugačno razporeditev lanserjev, ki bi delo med lanserje razporedila glede na njihovo obremenjenost in ne glede na to, kateremu timu pripadajo. S tem bi bilo delo optimalneje razporejeno in tako ne bi bili eni lanserji preveč in drugi premalo obremenjeni. Companies need to continuosly improve their processes to remain competitive in the global market. This is a process that never end. In this work we have undertaken improvements in the present case, we explored the possibilities for optimizing the work of waterspiders in company Odelo Slovenia. We presented the environment in which waterspider operates and tasks being undertaken. We have developed a method to evaluate the launcher to determine the workload of each waterspider. Based on these results, we found some waterspider are over and some are underutilized. We have proposed a different organization of waterspiders work that would base on their workload and not according to which team they belong. This could be more optimized division of waterspiders, and so would not have been one over and other underutilized. Following the introduction of the proposed improvements, the company should once again perform measurement of waterspiders to confirm the proposals.

V diplomskem delu smo predstavili, kako smo pri načrtovanju izgradnje nove tovarne pristopili k načrtovanju in kasnejši izvedbi spremenjenih procesov notranje logistike pri prehodu iz klasične v vitko proizvodnjo. Predstavili smo obstoječe stanje, predvsem kako sta prostorska stiska in pomanjkanje prostora vplivala na način oskrbe proizvodnih procesov. Prikazali smo procese in osnovne značilnosti logistike in logističnih procesov pri proizvodnji izdelave izdelkov iz plastičnih mas, ki se izvajajo v podjetju. Nato smo predstavili, kako je bila načrtovana logistika v podjetju, ki mora računati z določeno letno rastjo proizvodnje. Predstavili smo tudi način izračuna potrebnih odložnih mest za skladišče, potrebnih sredstev za transport in manipulacijo ter predviden način razporeditve v skladišču. Z analitičnim pristopom smo zajeli vse dejavnike, ki sodelujejo v procesu, in se poskušali približati najbolj optimalnemu procesu oskrbe za takšen tip proizvodnje. Z uvedbo milkrun oskrbe delovnih procesov, supermarketov in kanban sistemov smo dosegli pogoje za optimalno notranjo logistiko. Kot cilji so prikazani nov model notranje logistike, način izračuna potrebnih transportnih sredstev in načina oskrbe delovnih mest z materialom z zagotovitvijo, da dobi proces material na delovno mesto ob pravem času in v pravi količini. Na koncu sledijo posnetek novega stanja, proces oskrbe in notranje logistike ter prikaz prihranka z novimi procesi. In this thesis, we present how we designed the construction of a new factory and how we approached the planning and subsequent implementation of the revised internal logistics processes in the transition from classical to lean manufacturing. We present the current situation, in particular how the lack of space effects the supply of the production processes. We demonstrate the processes and the basic characteristics of logistics and logistics processes in the production of plastic products, which are carried out within the company. Further we present how we planned the logistics within company, which must consider a fixed annual growth in production. We also explain the method of calculating the necessary precedent for the warehouse, necessary funds for transportation, handling and the expected space utilization in the warehouse. With the analytical approach we covered all the factors involved in the process and tried to get as close as possible to the most optimum supply process for this type of production. With the introduction of milkrun care workflows, supermarket and kanban systems, we achieved the optimum conditions for internal logistics. We present a new model of internal logistics, the method of calculating the necessary means of transport and the mode of supplying workstations with necessary material to ensure that the process continues with the right amount of material at a specific workstation at the right time. We conclude this thesis with the presentation of the new situation, the supply process and internal logistics, and show savings that result from the new processes.

Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na optimiranje zalog in proizvodnih procesov v podjetju GKN Driveline Slovenija. Ugotavlja pomen upravljanja zalog in njegov vpliv na ekonomičnost poslovanja podjetja. Analiza logističnih trendov na področju upravljanja zalog je pokazala, da imajo v avtomobilski industriji podjetja večinoma že vpeljano vitko proizvodnjo, ki jo postopoma izpopolnjujejo in izboljšujejo. Vitka proizvodnja praviloma uporablja nabavni sistem »Just in time«, ki temelji na uporabi »kanban« sistema kontrole proizvodnje in deluje po principu »vlečenja« materialov ali proizvodov iz proizvodnje v skladu s trenutnimi potrebami kupcev. Predlaga vpeljavo sistema »Build to a supermarket« in uvedbo sistema »kanban« v proizvodno linijo tripod (med delovne postaje). Učinke predlaganih sprememb v zaključku tudi kvantificira. Diploma thesis is focusing on optimisation of stock and manufacturing processes in the company GKN Driveline. It is stating the importance of inventory management and its impact on company profitability. The analysis of stock management trends has highlighted that lean manufacturing concept is already a standard in the automotive industry. Only partial improvements of the existing system are possible and they are also gradually introduced. Lean manufacturing is as rule based on »just in time« purchasing system, »kanban« manufacturing control and »pull« principle for raw materials and products according to actual needs of buyers. In the conclusion »build to a supermarket« concept and »kanban« system for tripod manufacturing line (between the working stations) is suggested. The effects of introduction of suggested improvements are also economically evaluated.

V diplomskem delu opisujem izdelavo sistema kanban za upravljanje skladišča. Ta sistem omogoča hitro kroženje informacij o potrebah proizvodnje in daje navodila operaterjem za premik palet. V ozadju beleži čase in število premikov, katere so operaterji opravili na posamični poziciji. Te informacije se beležijo v bazo podatkov in omogočajo optimizacijo proizvodnje in povečanje produktivnosti. Program je izdelan v programu Studio 5000 Logix Designer, ki se uporablja za programiranje programirljivih logičnih krmilnikov znamke Allen Bradley. Vmesnik človek-stroj je narejen s pomočjo programa Factory Talk 8.0. Programski jezik, v katerem je program napisan, je Lestvični diagram. The thesis describes the manufacture of kanban system for warehouse management. This system allows the rapid circulation of information about needs of production, which gives the operator instructions to move pallets. In the background it keeps track of the number of movements which operators carried out and the time needed on an individual position. This information is being recorded in a database and enables optimization of production and increase in productivity. The program is developed in Studio 5000 Logix Designer, which is used for programming the programmable logic controllers made by Allen Bradley. Human-machine interface is made by using Factory Talk 8.0. Programming language in which the program is written in is Ladder diagram.

Diplomsko delo podaja kratek pregled Kanban in Teorije omejitev ter tradicionalne proizvodnje (ki je vzeta kot osnova za poznejšo primerjavo doseženih rezultatov). Za izvedbo primerjave je vzet namišljen poslovni proces s petimi delovnimi mesti, kjer se primerjajo rezultati simulacij omenjenih treh konceptov. Za pridobivanje potrebnih podatkov simulacij je bil razvit enostaven simulator, ki izvaja simulacijo »igre s kockami« (angl. Dice Game). Izvedeno je bilo po 20 simulacij za vsak koncept, kjer se je vsaka simulacija izvajala 100 ciklov. Podatki vseh 60 simulacij so bili osnova za statistično obdelavo: časa izvedbe nalog, produktivnosti in zalog na vmesnih skladiščih (WIP). Analize so pokazale, da je produktivnost najvišja pri tradicionalni proizvodnji, vendar na račun visokega WIP na ozkem grlu (ang. CCR – Capacity Constrained Resource) in daleč najdaljšega časa izvedbe nalog. Tako Kanban kot Boben-vrv-blažilnik (ang. DBR – Drum Buffer Rope) sta pokazala stabilno in relativno nizko vmesno zalogo v procesu (WIP) in v primerjavi s tradicionalno proizvodnjo precej krajše čase izvedbe nalog, vendar na račun nižje produktivnosti. Ključna ugotovitev tega diplomskega dela je, da je nadzor nad količino izdelkov v procesu (WIP) pomembnejši kot stalna polna zasedenost vseh delovnih mest in preko nižjih vmesnih zalog znatno vpliva na odzivnost proizvodnje (krajši časi izdelave). Na simulatorju se je pokazalo, da je uvedba nadzora WIP enostavnejša pri Kanban, vendar nudi DBR preko naprednejšega upravljanja blažilca boljše rezultate pri pretočnosti sistema, hkrati pa z uvedbo dodatnih orodij Teorije omejitev kot npr. vročičnega diagrama pušča še precej prostora za izboljšave v prihodnje. This thesis introduces a short overview of Kanban and Theory of constraints and traditional manufacturing (which is taken as a base for subsequent comparison of achieved results). A made-up business process with five work places comparing the results of the three concepts mentioned was used to implement the comparison. A simple simulator, which implemented the Dice Game simulation, was developed to acquire necessary data. 20 simulations for each concept were completed with each simulation implemented for 100 cycles. The data of all 60 simulations were basis for statistical treatment: time used for task implementation, productivity and Work in Process (WIP). Analyses showed that productivity is at its highest with traditional manufacturing, but on the account of a high WIP at the Capacity Constrained Resource (CCR) and by far the longest time for task implementation. Kanban as well as Drum – Buffer – Rope (DBR) showed a stable and relatively low Work in Process (WIP) and shorter task implementation time compared to traditional manufacturing, but on the account of lower productivity. The key finding of this thesis is that control over the Work in Process (WIP) is more important than continuous full utilization of all work places and significantly impacts production responsiveness (shorter manufacturing time) through lower WIP. The simulator showed that introduction of WIP control is simpler with Kanban, but DBR offers better results at system fluidity through advanced management of a buffer, and at the same time it leaves much room for improvement in the future with the introduction of Fever Chart.

V diplomskem delu je bil izveden sistematični pregled literature, ki obravnava vpeljavo metodologije Kanban na področju razvoja programske opreme. V prvem delu so predstavljeni pojmi metodologije vitkega razvoja, Kanban in postopek sistematičnega pregleda literature. V drugem delu je predstavljen članek The kanban approach, between agility and leanness: a systematic review. V članku je predstavljen sistematični pregled literature, ki je bila objavljena med leti 1990 in 2012, na temo vpeljave Kanbana v proces razvoja programske opreme. Cilj sistematičnega pregleda je razjasniti vodila in elemente Kanban pristopa, da bi spodbudili njegovo uspešno vpeljavo na področje razvoja programske opreme z jasnim definiranjem osnovnih pojmov in predstavitvijo prednosti in slabosti njegove uporabe v IT organizacijah. V tretjem delu je predstavljen sistematični pregled literature, ki je osrednja tema diplomskega dela in temelji na omenjenem članku. Obravnava znanstveno literaturo, ki je bila objavljena po letu 2012. V zadnjem delu so predstavljene ugotovitve sistematičnega pregleda in njihova primerjava z ugotovitvami prej omenjenega članka. The thesis presents a systematic literature review covering the implementation of the Kanban approach within the field of software development. The first section provides background related to the research area by describing lean software development, the Kanban method and the guidelines for undertaking such a review. The second section covers the article The kanban approach, between agility and leanness: a systematic review which is a systematic literature review of research studies on the implementation of the Kanban approach in the process of software development, published between 1990 and 2012. The purpose of the article was to illuminate the guiding principles and elements of the Kanban approach in order to increase the likelihood of implementing it successfully by defining the prime elements of Kanban and outlining the advantages and benefits of using it within IT organisations. The results of the systematic literature review are presented in the third section. The analysis was conducted following the guidelines from the first section, covering scientific writings published after 2012. The final section presents the findings of the systematic literature review and their comparison to the findings from the above-mentioned article.

Analizo okolja za primernost vpeljave sistema Kanban v podjetju Domel, d. o. o., smo opravili na pobudo podjetja, kjer smo poskušali zajeti realno sliko trenutnega delovanja in jo primerjati z dostopnimi že uspelimi vpeljavami v podobni industriji. Namen diplomskega dela je bil prepoznati možne ovire, na katere bi lahko podjetje naletelo pri vpeljavi sistema Kanban. Naredili smo pregled strokovne literature in pregled objavljenih dosežkov praktičnih implementacij. Pri tem smo opisali teoretično ozadje orodij, ki jih podjetje trenutno uporablja in katere bo predvidoma uporabljalo po prenovi. Potem smo naredili raziskavo trenutnega stanja v podjetju na področju planiranja in nabave ter razporeditve proizvodnega prostora. Prav tako smo pregledali tudi, kakšna je trenutna oprema podjetja. Nato smo s pomočjo zaposlenih v podjetju raziskali možnosti izboljšav na vseh teh področjih. Po opravljenem delu smo primerjali obstoječe ter želeno stanje podjetja in opravili analizo možnosti vpeljave, kjer smo poiskali priložnosti, nevarnosti, slabosti in prednosti za podjetje. Analizo smo opravili za proizvodni prostor, nabavo in planiranje ter za opremo. Ključne ugotovitve so, da ima podjetje dobro postavljene temelje za dosego njihovih ciljev, vendar le ob pravilni izpeljavi ter ob sodelovanju vseh zaposlenih na dotični procesih. The purpose of this thesis was to identify possible obstacles the organization may encounter when implementing Kanban system. The analysis of the suitability of introducing Kanban system within Domel, d.o.o. was carried out on the basis of given propositions of the studied. Several steps were utilized including the analysis of the current situation of the studied production process as well as the verification if the proposed implementation complies with state-of-the-art Kanban knowledge. A literature review of the scientific literature and published practical implementations of Kanban system was conducted to build the theoretical framework. At the same time we described the theoretical background of the tools that company is currently using and will be using after the implementation of Kanban system. Further, we made a research on the current state of processes in the company, where we included planning and acquisition, production space, and the current state of transport equipment and packaging. Given the support of the company’s employees we have explored the improvement possibilities for the above mentioned areas. Subsequently we compared current state with the desirable state as well as we performed an analysis of the feasibility of the proposed implementation suggestions by finding on wheatear the implementation in possible by finding opportunities, treats, weaknesses and advantages for the company. The analysis was carried out for the production space, planning and acquisition and equipment. Our key findings are that the company has outstanding foundation for achieving their goals, but only if they correctly carry out the implementation and if there is a collaboration of all the employees in the affected processes.

Diplomska naloga opisuje razvoj nadgradnje programskega orodja za vodenje projektov po agilnih metodologijah. V prvem delu naloge so predstavljene osnovne značilnosti agilnih metodologij s poudarkom na metodologijah Scrum in Kanban ter njuni medsebojni primerjavi. Sledi kratek opis orodja, ki ga je bilo potrebno nadgraditi, in specifikacija zahtev za potrebne nadgradnje. Te zajemajo: vizualizacijo delovnega toka s pomočjo table, izdelavo dodatnih funkcionalnosti za spremljanje razvojnih skupin in izdelava dodatnih funkcionalnosti za lažjo administracijo uporabnikov. Sledi še predstavitev tehnične zasnove, ki zajema predstavitev uporabljenih tehnologij, podatkovnega modela in programske logike, ob koncu te diplomske naloge pa je predstavljena še uporaba nadgradenj v orodju. The thesis describes the development of an upgrade for an agile project management software tool. In the first part, thesis presents the basic characteristics of agile methodologies with the emphasis on Scrum and Kanban methodologies. The next chapter consists of a brief description of the existing tool and the upgrade requirements specification which includes: the workflow visualization by using the board, elaboration of additional functionality to monitor the development teams and creation of additional functionalities to facilitate the administration. Later the thesis focuses on the technical design including the presentation of the database model and the program logic. At the end of this thesis, the usage of the implemented upgrades is shown.

Živimo v okolju, kjer se morajo proizvodna podjetja zavedati problema globalizacije ter vedno večje mednarodne konkurence, kar pomeni, da mora podjetje strmeti k zniževanju stroškov, zagotavljanju najvišje kakovosti ter čim krajših dobavnih rokih. Zato je pravilno planiranje proizvodnje s pomočjo informacijskih tehnologij eden izmed ključnih dejavnikov uspešnosti podjetja. Različne navedbe v literaturi so pokazale, da je informacijski sistem ključen dejavnik konkurenčnosti podjetja. Prav tako je ključen dejavnik, ki vpliva na rast in razvoj logistike. Računalniško podprti informacijski sistemi so sistemi za planiranje materialnih potreb (MRP), sistemi za planiranje virov (MRP II), sistemi za planiranje distribucije (DRP) in sistem »točno v pravem času« (JIT). Magistrsko delo obravnava računalniško podprt informacijski sistem, za planiranje materialnih potreb. Osredotočili smo se predvsem na to, kako pravilno planiranje materialnih potreb vpliva na potek proizvodnje in tako na celotno uspešnost delovanja podjetja. S pomočjo MRP sistema lahko v podjetju dosežemo optimalno opredelitev tega, katere komponente so za izvedbo operativnega plana potrebne, koliko vsake od njih bomo potrebovali, kdaj jo bomo potrebovali in kdaj moramo posamezne komponente naročiti, da bodo pravočasno na voljo. Rezultat tega so optimalne zaloge ter nižji stroški naročanja in skladiščenja. We live in an environment where production companies must to be aware of globalization problem and growing international competition. Thus, they have to stay focused on minimizing the cost and providing the highest quality and shortest possible delivery times. Adequate production planning, which relies heavily on information technology, is a key factor influencing a company’s performance. Several authors have highlighted that an effective information system importantly contributes to a company’s competitiveness. It is also a key factor affecting the growth and development of its logistics. Computerised information systems include, material requirements planning (MRP) systems, manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) systems, distribution resource planning (DRP) systems and systems Just in Time (JIT). This master thesis discusses computer - based information systems to plan for material requirements of a company. Its focal point is the effect of MRP on the production process and, as a result, on the overall performance of the company. By implementing a MRP system, a company can optimally develop requirements for components and in addition to establishing what is needed, how much is needed and when is it needed to produce the final product. Successful implementation of a MRP system results in optimal inventory levels and lower procurement and storage costs.

Cilj vsakega podjetja je doseganje dobička, da pa podjetje lahko preživi v današnjih časih, se mora boriti za svoj obstoj na trgu in posledično strmeti k izpopolnjevanju, bodisi same organizacije bodisi tehnologij, ki jih uporablja. Temeljna metoda vitke proizvodnje je kanban, ki temelji na zmanjšanju nepotrebnih zalog, posledično tudi stroškov, ki so vezani na zaloge, zagotavlja urejeno shemo pretoka informacij izdelka po posameznih procesnih področjih, kar pripomore k večji fleksibilnosti, to pa daje podjetju prednost in konkurenčnost na trgu, saj se je sposobno hitro odzvati na potrebe kupcev. V podjetju Geberit – Sanitarna tehnika, d.o.o., so se odločili vpeljati metode vitke proizvodnje, natančneje kanban, saj so primorani v hiter odziv, ki ga zahteva vse večja konkurenca. Cilj samega podjetja je zmanjšanje zalog, ki so za današnji čas prevelike. V magistrskem delu bomo v nadaljevanju predstavili uvedbo sistema kanban v samem podjetju, tehnike in principe samega sistema ter naredili praktičen primer vpeljevanja sistema kanban na primeru odtočnega ventila tipa 280. Nowadays companies need to take part in the inevitable struggle for business on the market and since the main aim of each company is to gain profit, it is necessary to constantly improve the organization of the company and all the technology used in production. Kanban is a basic method in lean production, which enables less stock outs and consequently reduces all associated costs. In addition, it insures an organized information flow of the product according to certain process stage, which increases flexibility and guarantees significant priority and competitiveness on the market, since it empowers a quick response to customers’ needs. As well as many others, company Geberit – Sanitarna tehnika d. o. o. is facing a growing competition on the market. In order to provide a quick response to customer service they chose to implement lean production with the Kanban system. The company strives to achieve less stock outs, which have exceeded acceptable values, regarding the current market situation. This thesis will present the implementation of the Kanban system in the company Geberit – Sanitarna tehnika d. o. o., individual techniques and principles of the introduced system and a practical example of implementing the Kanban system in production of drain valves type 280.

Poslovno okolje sili podjetje, da mora vsak trenutek težiti k optimizaciji in zmanjševanju stroškov. Na drugi strani pa mora ohranjati enako kvaliteto svojih izdelkov in stopnjo servisiranja. Če podjetje želi zadovoljevati potrebe svojih kupcev, delati s čim manj stroški in ustvarjati dobiček, mora stalno izboljševati vse svoje procese. Planiranje predstavlja enega temeljnih procesov v podjetju, saj skrbi za realizacijo kupčevih naročil. Podprto je z informacijsko rešitvijo SAP ERP. Ker planiranje proizvodnje lahko poteka na več načinov, tudi ERP sistemi nudijo konfiguracijske možnosti, da se prilagodijo poslovanju podjetja. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sam način planiranja prav tako pa tudi izkoriščenost SAP, ni optimalno. Namen raziskovanja in testiranja v magistrski nalogi je bil ta, da ugotovimo, ali lahko z naprednimi metodami planiranja nadgradimo sistem planiranja. Za nadgradnjo smo izbrali tista področja, za katere smo menili, da so najmanj razvita in podprta s sistemom SAP ERP in ki bodo prinesla največje koristi in izboljšanje samega procesa planiranja. Na podlagi teorije in s pomočjo študija primerov smo pripravili optimizacije, ki so bile primerne za preučevano podjetje. Že takoj na začetku je bilo ugotovljeno, da vsakega posameznega področja ne moremo optimizirati na enak način. V podjetju se uporabljajo različni načini planiranja, ki temeljijo na značilnostih posameznega prodajnega programa. Zato so bile optimizacije različne glede na obstoječi način planiranja ter značilnosti prodajnega programa. Rešitve so bile takoj vpeljane in se uporabljajo še danes. Business environment forces companies to constant optimization and cost-minimization. On the other hand they need to preserve the quality of their products and services. If they want to satisfy customer demands, keep the costs as low as possible and make profit they constantly need to improve their business processes. Planning in the form of realization of customers’ orders is one of the fundamental business processes in the company. The process is supported by an information solution SAP ERP. Since production planning can be done in several ways, ERP systems also provide configuration options to adjust the Company's operations. It was found that the method of planning as well as the utilization of the SAP, is not optimal. The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the advanced planning methods can help us upgrade the planning system. For the upgrade of the planning process we selected those areas which were considered to be the least developed and supported by SAP ERP system and which will bring maximum benefit and improvement to the process of planning. Based on the theory and with the help of case studies were prepared optimizations that were suitable for the studied company. Right at the beginning, it was found that each area can’t be optimized in the same way. The company uses various methods of planning, based on the characteristics of the individual program. Therefore, the optimization was different according to the existing method of planning and the characteristics of the sales program. The solutions were implemented implemented and are still in use today.

Eden izmed pomembnih ciljev proizvodnega podjetja je povečanje produktivnosti s čim manjšim vložkom denarnih sredstev. Podjetja ta cilj uresničujejo tako, da iščejo in odpravljajo izgube. Ugotovljeno je, da se visoke izgube pojavljajo neposredno v proizvodnem procesu. Takšne izgube se pojavljajo zaradi operaterjev na strojih, pomanjkanja materiala ali časa, procesa samega, orodij, vzdrževanja in tudi planiranja proizvodnje. V diplomskem delu, bomo podali pregled obstoječega stanja in predlog posodobitve planiranja dela proizvodnje avtomobilskih pnevmatik. Ker je proizvodnja tovarne precej kompleksna, se bomo osredotočili samo na oddelek izdelave žičnih jeder. V diplomskem delu predlagamo novi način planiranja, ki zagotavlja hitrejši in učinkovitejši odziv proizvodnje žičnih jeder na spremembe proizvodnje konfekcije, kar bo za posledico imelo večje zadovoljstvo notranjih kupcev in posledično tudi zunanjih kupcev pnevmatik. Trenutno se za planiranje uporabljajo Excelove planske tabele, ki jih bomo nadomestili s KANBAN planiranjem in s tem spremenili način planiranja iz ''potiskaj'' v ''vleci'. Z novim načinom planiranja smo skrajšali pretočne čase v proizvodnji, znižali vmesne zaloge, spremenili odziv proizvodnje na spremembe in spoštovanje dobavnih rokov. Spodbuditi smo tudi sodelavce v proizvodnji in v planiranju proizvodnje k spremembi razmišljanja o optimizaciji delovnih procesov. One important aim of the company is increasing manufacturing productivity with the minimum input of cash. This objective is realized by seeking and eliminating looses. It was found that the high losses are occurring in the immediate production. Such losses are due to the operators on the machines, lack of material or time, the process itself, tools, maintenance and production planning. In the thesis, we will give an overview of the current situation and proposal updates of planning part of the production of automobile tires. Since the production of the factory is quite complex, we will focus only on one department. Selected department is bead wire production center. In the thesis we propose a new method, providing faster and more efficient manufacturing of bead wire, response to changes in the building production will be faster and more efficient, which will result in a greater satisfaction of internal customers and external customers. Currently, Excel planning table is used for production scheduling, which will be replaced by KANBAN techniques of planning and scheduling. We can say that we will in the thesis change the way of planning from the'' push'' scheduling to the '' pull'' scheduling. With the new way, we want to shorten lead times in production, reduce intermediate inventories, and change the response to changes in production and adherence to delivery schedules. We also want to encourage employees in production and in the production planning department to change their thinking about optimizing working processes.

Vitka proizvodnja je podjetniška filozofija razvita na Japonskem in izhaja v največjem delu iz Toyota Production System (TPS). S pomočjo te filozofije se lahko stopnjuje produktivnost, hkrati pa se znižujejo izgube, ki se pojavljajo skozi poslovni proces. Vitko proizvodnjo sestavlja trinajst gradnikov, in sicer: metoda 5S, 5krat zakaj, vidna tovarna, timi za stalne izboljšave procesa, orodja kvalitete, poka-yoke, sedem izgub, TPM, SMED, uravnoteženost procesa, proizvodne celice, stalni pretok obdelovancev in kanban. Sistem kanban je sistem razdeljevanja nalog in oskrbe delovnih mest. Deluje po načelu vlečenja (»pull«). Pri tem načelu ni nobenih napovedi, ker tak sistem deluje na odpoklic količin. Tako je omogočeno, da kupec dobi točno tisto kar potrebuje, točno takrat, ko to potrebuje. Sistem kanban deluje s pomočjo kanban signala, ki je lahko v obliki kartice, praznega zaboja ali praznega prostora. Tip proizvoda in število kosov, ki jih je potrebno proizvesti so zapisani na kanban kartici. Porabniku kanban kartica torej pove, kaj mora v nekem trenutku proizvajati in koliko. Porabnik vedno vzame le toliko blaga, kolikor ga trenutno potrebuje, proizvajalec pa mora nato to količino zopet dopolniti. Kanban je primeren za velikoserijsko proizvodnjo s čim manjšim nihanjem potreb, torej za čim bolj enakomerno proizvodnjo. Podjetju GKN Driveline Slovenija iz Zreč je kanban dobro poznan sistem. Vpeljanega ga imajo že na več linijah, letos pa so ga vpeljali še na montažno linijo BMW Mini. Do vpeljave sistema kanban je proizvodnja potekala po načelu potiskanja (»push«), kjer so se proizvedeni izdelki neposredno in takoj dostavljali h kupcu. Proizvodnja tako ni bila v celoti prilagojena potrebam kupca. V podjetju so si za nalogo zadali vpeljavo strategije, ki deluje po načelu vlečenja (»pull). Ta strategija kupcu omogoča, da dobi tisto, kar potrebuje, točno takrat, ko to potrebuje. V okviru te strategije se je vzpostavil tudi sistem kanban, ki delavcem na liniji BMW Mini s pomočjo kanban kartic, ki so jih v podjetju sami oblikovali, sporoča kaj in koliko naj proizvajajo, da bodo zadovoljili kupčeve potrebe. Podjetju so se po vpeljavi sistema kanban močno znižali stroški izrednega transporta, ki so bili posledica nepravočasnih dobav. Pozitivni vplivi vpeljave sistema kanban pa so se pokazali tudi na različnih parametrih, ki jih merijo na montažni liniji BMW Mini. The so-called Lean Production is a manufacturing philosophy developed in Japan. It is based on Toyota Production System (TPS). Using this method, productivity can be increased and at the same time the wastes in the manufacturing process lowered. Lean production is made of thirteen building blocks: Method 5S, Five Times Why, Visible Factory, Teams for Constant Process Improvements, Q-tools, Poka-yoke, 7 Wastes, TPM, SMED, Balance of the Process, Production Cells, Constant Intermediate Product Flow and Kanban. Kanban divides tasks and supplies workplaces using the Pull System. There are no predictions included in this principle because it works in accordance with quantity recall. So, it is possible for a consumer to get exactly what he needs, exactly when he needs it. The system uses the Kanban signal, which appears to be in a shape of a card, an empty container or empty space only. Type of the product and the number of pieces that need to be manufactured are written on a Kanban card. The card offers the user some information on what needs to be produced at that particular time and the amount of it. The user always takes only the needed quantity of goods, while the producer on the other hand has to replenish the lack in quantity. Kanban is a proper choice for mass production, including the smallest needs fluctuation possible. Furthermore, it is a well-known system to the company GKN Driveline Slovenia from Zreče. A lot of their production lines function using Kanban. In 2011, the company also introduced the system to the BMW Mini Assembly Line. Before the usage of Kanban, the production had been in progress using the Push System: the manufactured products were delivered directly to the consumer. But this arrangement was not entirely adjusted to the purchaser's needs. That called for the company to initiate the Pull System. Using this strategy, the consumer gets what he needs at exactly the right moment. According to the strategy, Kanban was integrated within the system. It operates using Kanban cards, which were designed by the company itself. The cards give workers information on what and how much of it ought to be produced to satisfy their customers. After they started using Kanban, the company's unexpected costs of transport, caused by late deliveries, were hauled down considerably. Positive influences of Kanban initiation have as well been noticed with many of the parameters, being measured within the BMW Mini Assembly Line.

Cilj diplomskega dela je poiskati in preveriti ustreznost metode s pomočjo katere bi lahko planirali proizvodnjo v kovinarskem podjetju z čim manjšimi zalogami končnih izdelkov. V diplomskem delu smo ugotovili, da je rešitev našega problema vpeljava Heijunka tehnike. Planiranje in vodenje proizvodnje z rešitvami, ki jih ponuja Heijunka tehnika vodi uporabnika do zmanjšanja zalog končnih izdelkov brez ogrožanja dobav kupcu. Učinek zmanjšanja zalog se zaradi uporabe Heijunka tehnike prenese tudi nazaj po procesu. Največji učinki so doseženi tam kjer je tok materiala mogoče spremeniti v enokosovni. Na tak način se izognemo zalogam podsklopov. Tam kjer to ni možno imamo na razpolago orodje, ki se imenuje sekvenčnik in s pomočjo njega določamo čakalno vrsto in izdelavo podsklopov na stroju z izmenljivimi orodji. V našem primeru je preskusna obratovalna doba prinesla pozitivne rezultate in potrditev o pravilnem pristopu k reševanju problema. The aim of this undergraduate thesis is to look for and examine the adequate method of planning the production process in the metal equipment enterprise, in order to reduce the quantity of the stocks of the final products. In the following undergraduate thesis we discovered that the solution to the mentioned problem is to introduce the technique of the Heijunka. The planning and leading of the production process, suggested by the technique of the Heijunka, leads the user to reduce the quantity of the stocks of the final products, without interrupting customer's buying supplies. The biggest effect is established, where the flow of the material can be changed in to the one piece flow. Doing it this way, we avoid high stocks of the subassemblies. Where the described procedure is not sufficient, we are supposed to use the so called sequencer. It establishes the queue state line and production of the subassembly on the machine with the exchangeable tools. While we had been testing the mentioned technique, we came to the conclusion that the discussed approach gave positive results. Furthermore, it gave the approval to the appropriate approach in order to solve the mentioned problem.

Magistrsko delo obravnava možnost uvajanja principov vitkosti v proizvodnji avtomobilskih žarometov. Uvodoma so strnjeno obdelani nekateri sodobni koncepti modeliranja in vodenja proizvodnih procesov. Podana je primerjava glavnih poudarkov in identificirane so stične točke med njimi. Vitka proizvodnja je v nadaljevanju obravnavana bolj poglobljeno. Opisani so glavni gradniki sistema vitke proizvodnje in priporočeni pristopi k uvajanju vitkosti v organizacije. Glavno vodilo vitke proizvodnje je ustvarjanje vrednosti z vidika kupca in pri tem sistematično identificiranje in odpravljanje aktivnosti, ki izdelku ali storitvi ne dodajajo vrednosti. Konceptualno izhaja iz Toyotinega proizvodnega sistema. Principi, metode in orodja vitke proizvodnje se v zadnjem času poleg avtomobilske industrije intenzivno uvajajo tudi v ostalih industrijskih in storitvenih dejavnostih. Osrednji del naloge obravnava način optimiranja proizvodnega procesa montaže žarometov. Sistematično je obdelano izhodiščno stanje in utemeljena izbira metodologije vitke proizvodnje iz sicer obširnega nabora konceptov vodenja. Podrobneje so opisane nekatere uvedene rešitve. Velja poudariti, da je pri ocenjevanju stopnje vitkosti organizacije pomemben predvsem način reševanja problemov in uvajanja takšnih rešitev, ki organizacijo vodijo v smeri dolgoročne vizije. V sklepu je podana kritična ocena doseženega stanja, možnosti nadaljnjih izvajanj in nevarnosti, da uvedene rešitve ne bodo obstale dolgoročno. This master thesis elaborates the possibility of implementation of lean principles in headlamp production at an automotive supplier plant. The beginning chapters discuss some modern concepts of modelling and controlling of production processes. Main characteristics of these concepts are presented and some common points are identified. Lean production is discussed in more detail. Main pillars of the lean system are presented as well as some recommended roadmaps for lean implementation. The main focus of a lean system is creating value from the customer's perspective by systematic identification and elimination of all activities which do not add value to a product or service. Conceptually, lean originates in the Toyota Production System. In addition to the automotive industry, the lean principles, methods, and tools have lately been implemented increasingly in other manufacturing and service industries as well. The main part of the thesis is focused on transformation of the headlamp assembly process towards a leaner system. The starting condition is described systematically and used as an argument for choosing lean methodology. Some of the implemented activities are described in detail. However, it is important to stress that, for a fair estimation of the success of a lean transformation, the important factor are not so much the concrete actions that have been carried out, but more the way in which the company manages to solve problems and how the solutions support the achievement of goals and long-term vision. In the conclusion, the current level of transformation is critically evaluated and potentials for further development as well as threats to prevent improvements from sustaining are shown.

Namen diplomske naloge je sprememba obstoječe proizvodne linije po sistemu Lean - vitka linija. Metoda zahteva sodoben proizvodni proces za ohranitev konkurenčnosti na trgu. Naloga se navezuje na postavitev proizvodne linije ter stanja Value Stream Mapping (VSM) pred in po uvedbi vitke linije. Proizvodna linija dobi novo podobo celice v obliki U, s tem se poveča povezanost med delavci, tako delo poteka bolj tekoče. S pomočjo VSM odpravimo nepotrebne izgube, zmanjšamo zaloge in izboljšamo materialni tok. Meritve nam prikažejo velike pozitivne razlike po uvedbi vitke linije. Poleg predstavitve podjetja Grammer Automotive Slovenija d.o.o. z njegovo organizacijsko strukturo, sta prikazana še dva orodja za doseganja vitkosti. Kanban kot sistem za oskrbovanje delovnih mest z materialom po načelu vlečenja skozi proces. Material se dostavi točno ob pravem času ter z potrebno količino. Metoda 5S skrbi za boljšo urejenost proizvodne linije, primer spremljanja realizacije pa nam prikazuje podatke uspešnosti proizvodnega cilja. Der Zweck dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, die aktuelle Produktion unter einem Lean - schlanke Linie zu ändern. Die Methode erfordert ein modernes Herstellungsverfahren um auf dem Markt konkurrenzfähig zu bleiben. Die Aufgabe steht im Zusammenhang mit der Aufstellung der Produktionslinie und dem Zustand von Value Stream Mapping (VSM) vor und nach der Einführung der schlanken Linie. Die Produktionslinie bekommt eine neue Gestalt der Zelle in einer U-Form, wobei die Verbindung zwischen Mitarbeitern erhöht wird und letztendlich verläuft eine solche Arbeit fliehenderer. Mit VSM werden unnötige Verluste abgeschafften, der Bestand reduziert und der Materialfluss verbessert. Die Messungen zeigen erheblich positive Differenzen nach der Einführung der schlanken Linie. Neben der Präsentationen des Unternehmens Grammer Automotive Slowenien d.o.o. und dessen Organisationsstruktur, sind noch zwei Werkzeuge vorgestellt, die zur Schlankheit verhelfen. Kanban als ein System für die Versorgung der Arbeitsplätze mit dem Material nach dem Prinzip „Ziehens durch den Prozess“. Das Material ist genau zum richtigen Zeitpunkt und mit der notwendigen Menge geliefert. 5S-Methode ist verantwortlich für eine bessere Rechtsetzung der Produktionslinie, das Beispiel der Überwachung der Realisation zeigt uns aber die Leistungsdaten des Produktionsziels.

V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil proizvodni JIT (Just-inTime) sistem, njegove prednosti in slabosti. Analiziral sem obstoječi proizvodni sistem v podjetju Danfoss Compressors d. o. o. in predstavil DPP (Danfoss Productivity Program) projekt, katerega namen je vpeljati sistem vitke proizvodnje, posledično pa izboljšati kakovost in znižati stroške proizvodnje. V nalogi sem predstavil tudi kazalce oziroma rezultate, kateri nakazujejo na uspešen in učinkovit zaključek DPP projekta v podjetju Danfoss Compressors, saj kažejo prihranke in dvig produktivnosti. In the diploma work I introduced JIT (Just-inTime) manufacturing system, its advantages and disadvantages. I analyzed the current system in the company Danfoss Compressors d. o. o. and introduced the DPP (Danfoss Productivity Program) project, which purpose is introduce a lean manufacturing approach and consequently improve quality and reduce production costs. In the diploma work I present the indicators, results, which indicate an effective and efficient completion of the DPP project in the company Danfoss Compressors, they indicate savings and increase productivity.

Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti JIT »just in time« metode in tehnike, ki jih zahteva sodoben proizvodni proces za ohranitev konkurenčnosti podjetij na trgu. Teoretični del naloge se navezuje na splošne logistične procese v proizvodnem podjetju, na pomembnost zalog ter gospodarjenja z materialom. Zaloge so za poslovanje podjetja pomemben faktor. Zadostna zaloga omogoča nemoten proizvodni proces, hkrati pa je na zalogo vezan velik del kapitala, ki proizvodni proces draži. V zaključku teoretičnega dela so opisani alternativni modeli planiranja, tu se naloga osredotoča na kanban sistem dispečiranja. V nadaljevanju je predstavljeno podjetje Grammer Automotive Slovenija, d. o. o., z njegovo organizacijsko strukturo. Podjetje je s svojo dejavnostjo del dobaviteljske verige v avtomobilski industriji in uspešno deluje v Sloveniji že dobrih petnajst let. V tem delu je narejen posnetek stanja materialnega toka ter analiza, na podlagi katere smo uvedli spremembe za izboljšanje obstoječega procesa s kanban dispečiranjem delovnega mesta. The object of this diploma work is to describe JIT (just in time) methods and techniques to keep production companies competitive on the market. Theoretical part of diploma work describes logistics processes in production companies, significance of goods management and stocks on the production process. Sufficiency of stock is making production process smooth but expensive. On the end of theoretical part alternative methods for production planning are described mostly kanban dispatch system. The next part of diploma work presents Grammer Automotive Slovenija, d. o. o., with organization structure. Company is a part of supply chain in automotive industry and has been active in Slovenija for fifteen years. In this part current material flow through the production process was analyzed and on that base we have changed existing process and bring kanban dispatch method into process.

V diplomskem delu predstavljamo poslovno raziskavo, saj gre za proučevanje delovanja sistema JIT in kanban v podjetju in kakšen vpliv ima to na podjetje. Najprej obravnavamo zaloge, saj so nujne za neprekinjeno delovanje proizvodnih procesov in za zadovoljeno raven storitev. Ker vemo, da imajo tako proizvodna kot tudi trgovska podjetja pogosto v zalogah vložen velik del finančnih sredstev, imamo možnost s pomočjo zalog skrajšati dobavne roke, zmanjšati zastoje v proizvodnji, zmanjšati tveganja povezana z zamudami pri dobavi, tveganja povezana z netočnimi predvidevanji povpraševanja ipd. Ta rezultat lahko dosežemo z uvedbo medsebojno povezanih sistemov JIT in kanban. V diplomski nalogi smo opredelili koncept JIT procesa, povzeli bistvene razlike med klasično serijsko proizvodnjo v okviru skupinske razmejitve in JIT proizvodnjo. Velik del poglavja smo posvetili tveganju, ki je prisoten pri uporabi tako JIT kot tudi kanbana. Ugotovili smo, da ima komunikacija oz. primanjkljaj komunikacije in IT v dobavni verigi zelo velik pomen in na primeru več podjetij tudi prikazali probleme, s katerimi so se soočila nekatera večja svetovno znana podjetja. V zadnjem poglavju smo podrobneje posvetili kanbanu, sistemu preproste kontrole proizvodnje, ki temelji na principu vlečenja materialov od enega do drugega delovnega centra. In this dissertation we present a business study – it’s about JIT and kanban systems, how they operate in a company and what effect do they have on a company. At first we discussed stocks, because they are necessary for continuous operation of manufacturing processes and for satisfied level of service. We know that production as well as commercial enterprises have often in stock a large part of their financial resources . That is the reason why we can shorten delivery times with some help of stocks, reduce congestion in production, reduce the risks related to delays in delivery and risks associated with inaccurate demand projections, etc... This result can be achieved whit introduction of interconnected systems – JIT and Kanban. We have defined a concept of JIT process, summarized some essential differences between classic serial production within block division on JIT production. We dedicated a large part of the chapter to risk inherent to JIT production and kanban. We found out that communication or lack of it and IT has great importance in supply chain. We present on several different cases some problems, which larger enterprises dealt with. The last chapter was devoted to Kanban, simple system of production control, based on the principle of pulling materials from one to another work center.

Za podjetja je zelo pomemben nadzor nad zalogami, saj skušajo po eni strani znižati nivo zalog, po drugi strani pa ohranjajo zaloge zaradi zadovoljevanja kupcev. Podjetje Odelo Slovenija d. o. o. uporablja tri glavne sisteme oskrbe materiala. Vsak izmed njih je za podjetje pomemben ter pripomore k učinkovitejšemu ravnanju z zalogami. Olajšuje delo logistike ter proizvodnje. Ti sistemi so JIT, konsignacija ter naročanje na osnovi signalne zaloge. Kateri sistem oskrbe bo podjetje uporabilo, pa je v glavnem odvisno od ABC-analize. Nekatere službe v podjetju težijo k večjim, nekatere službe pa k manjšim zalogam. Zato prihaja v podjetju do nesoglasij, ki zadevajo vprašanje, kakšna naj bo velikost zalog: majhna ali velika. Kakorkoli že, podjetje mora imeti takšno raven zalog, ki ne bo manjša od signalne oziroma varnostne zaloge, saj pri signalni zalogi že sprožimo postopek za novo naročilo. In če to zalogo zamudimo, lahko v podjetju povzročijo zastoj v proizvodnji ter nepotrebne stroške. It is very important for companies to have a control over the supplies because on the one hand they want to cut the storage supplies and on the other hand they want to keep the amount of supplies to satisfy the needy consumers. The company Odelo Slovenija d. o. o. uses the three main systems of material supplies. Each of them is a vital part of the company because it contributes to an efficient management of supplies and it makes the work of logistic and production easier. These systems are the JIT, the consignation and the ordering the supplies based on the storage. It depends on the ABC analysis which system will be used in the process. Some departments of the company want to have larger storage supplies and some departments tend to have lower storage supplies. That often results in a disagreement within the company. Whatever they decide, one thing is certain, the storage supplies in the company should never fall under the safety limit because that triggers the procedure of ordering new supplies. If we don't order new supplies when the level is critical, the company can have a standstill in the production work and also some unnecessary costs.