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Introduction: The EBUS has been the focus of numerous studies aiming to evaluate its utility and diagnostic performance across various pathologies. Objective: Identification of the node characteristics evaluated in the Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) procedure and their relationship with malignancy diagnosis in patients at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia from January 1st, 2017, to March 31st, 2021. Methods: Observational cross-sectional analytical study. Data collection involved non-probabilistic consecutive case sampling among individuals meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of 75 patients underwent the EBUS procedure. Our findings revealed six predictors of malignancy based on sonographic features of biopsy nodes, including nodes larger than 1 cm, poorly defined margins, heterogeneous echogenicity, absence of a central hilar structure, presence of signs indicating necrosis or coagulation, and the presence of a ganglion conglomerate. Conclusions: This study showed that endobronchial ultrasonography has several sonographic characteristics at the time of evaluating mediastinal nodes that could predict malignant and benign pathology.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of long-acting injectable progesterone supplementation (P4LA) on embryonic and fetal development and birth weight in Nellore cows seven days after timed artificial insemination (TAI). One hundred and nineteen Nellore female cows became pregnant after the TAI protocol and were divided into two groups: P4LA with cows that received 150mg of P4LA, seven days after insemination, in a single dose, and the control group, with cows who did not receive any hormonal supplementation after TAI. Blood samples were collected on days 17 and 30 after TAI to determine P4 concentration. Embryonic and fetal measurements were performed at 30 and 45 days of gestation, respectively, with the aid of ultrasonography, measuring craniocaudal length and thoracic diameter. No difference was observed in P4 concentration between the groups supplemented with or without injectable P4 on days 17 (P=0.73) and 30 (P=0.62) after TAI. There was no significant difference in embryonic and fetal development or birth weight between the supplemented and non-supplemented groups (P=0.59, P=0.09, and P=0.64, respectively). Supplementation with injectable progesterone seven days after TAI did not interfere with the embryonic and fetal development of Nellore cows, nor did it affect birth weight.

ABSTRACT In Veterinary Medicine, diseases restricted to the gallbladder (GB) are uncommon in dogs. The histopathological examination of GB is considered the gold standard. However, abdominal ultrasound examination is increasingly included in the veterinary clinical routine, as it allows changes in previously underdiagnosed GB to have a more accurate diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and correlate the different aspects of GB in dogs through ultrasound and histopathological examinations. The GB of 60 dog cadavers were evaluated, without predilection for sex, age, and breed. The results demonstrated that the ultrasound examination, when compared to the histopathological examination, presented 83% agreement in the analysis of general data for the presence or absence of GB changes. The level of agreement in the Kappa test was considerably high (K=0.63). There was a high agreement in the diagnosis of changes observed by ultrasound and histopathological examinations, when compared “affected” or “non affected”. However, when compared the findings of mucocele, cystic mucinous hyperplasia and cholecystitis, there is a low Kappa agreement. Thus, ultrasound examination is an excellent tool for identifying changes related to the GB. However, more studies must be carried out to deepen the understanding of the correlation between imaging and pathological findings to lead diagnostic conclusions.

Abstract Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a widely used technique for lowering the moisture content and water activity of biological products. During OD, food is immersed in an aqueous hypertonic solution of salt and/or sugar. Food and the surrounding osmotic solution have different osmotic pressures which allows for the transportation of solute from the osmotic solution into the food product. OD could be utilized as a fortification method by addition of solutes of interest to the osmotic solution. Adding vitamins, dietary fibers, and minerals (such as calcium, iron, and zinc) to the osmotic solution can be used to create food with specific health-promoting qualities. Fortification of fruit and vegetable goods would effectively minimize and prevent diseases linked to nutritional inadequacies due to the high consumption rate of these products. OD could be a simple, affordable, and effective way to fortify food for social, economic, and health benefits. This study compiles data from existing studies dating back approximately two decades, focusing on the possibility of adding or impregnating bioactive compounds into fruits and vegetables through OD as well as the effects of combining OD with vacuum, ultrasound, and pulse electric field techniques on the incorporation of these bioactive compounds into solid food matrices. A brief overview of current OD trends is also provided, highlighting the use of lower-calorie sugar replacements to improve process efficiency and raise overall product quality. This study emphasizes the need for more research into OD to fortify, improve functionality, and incorporate nutraceutical characteristics in the food industry.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the morphological and metric of the thyroid gland, and Total T4 and Free T4 hormonal values among domestic and wild felids without thyroid diseases. Thirty-three felids without thyroid diseases were evaluated, being 13 felids, one Panthera onca, three Pumas concolor, three small wild cats, three Pumas yagouaroundi, two Leopardus pardalis and one Leopardus wiedii, and 20 domestic felines. The animals were submitted to ultrasonography of the thyroid gland and to hormonal serum dosage of Total T4 and Free T4 by the technique of chemiluminescence. Subsequently, they were divided into groups according to weight, sex, and age. The mean volume of thyroid lobe was 0.11cm³ for domestic cats, 0.18cm³ for the mixed wild feline group (Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus, Leopardus wiedii and Pumas yagouaroundi) and 1.57cm³ for the jaguar group (Panthera onca e Pumas concolor). The mean Total T4 and Free T4 were 2.55µg/dL and 1.23ng/dL for domestic cats, 1.46µg/dL and 1.89ng/dL for the mixed feline group and 0.68µg/dL and 0.82ng/dL for the jaguar group, respectively. Animals over 10 years old presented higher Free T4 values.

ABSTRACT: The present research created a tool to measure ultrasound images of the rib eye area in sheep. One hundred twenty-one ultrasound images of sheep were captured, with regions of interest segmented using the U-Net algorithm. The metrics adopted to evaluate automatic segmentations were Dicescore and intersection over union. Finally, a regression analysis was performed using the AdaBoost Regressor and Random Forest Regressor algorithms and the fit of the models was evaluated using the Mean Square Residuals, mean absolute error and coefficient of determination. The values obtained for the Dice metric were 0.94, and for Intersection over Union it was 0.89, demonstrating a high similarity between the actual and predicted values, ranging from 0 to 1. The values of Mean Quadratic Residuals, mean absolute error and coefficient The determination of the regressor models indicated the best fit for the Random Forest Regressor. The U-Net algorithm efficiently segmented ultrasound images of the Longissimus Dorsi muscle, with greater precision than the measurements performed by the specialist. This efficient segmentation allowed the standardization of rib eye area measurements and, consequently, the phenotyping of beef sheep on a large scale.

Primary lung neoplasms are uncommon in dogs. A dog underwent preoperative imaging tests for a therapeutic ovariosalpingohysterectomy, and the chest xray indicated the presence of a mass in the lung parenchyma. As a diagnostic strategy, aspiration of the mass was performed guided by chest ultrasound, to collect samples for cytopathological examination, establishing the diagnosis as primary lung carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raising rabbits requires management practices to ensure their well-being and prevent diseases such as gastrointestinais stasis. A female rabbit was attended to due to lethargy, anorexia, and changes in feces, initially diagnosed with enteritis through ultrasonography. The animal was referred for hospitalization, and a subsequent examination, including additional assessments of gastric stasis, was conducted. The rabbit showed improvement, resumed regular defecation, and was discharged. Her return home was deemed satisfactory after clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the small animal clinic, fistulas are usually treated without identifying the cause, representing a problem for the patient's health. The patient in question presented a main complaint of a fistulated nodule with discharge in the left thoraco-abdominal region. After performing ultrasound and radiographic exams, a foreign body was suspected as the diagnostic hypothesis. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy followed by gastrotomy was chosen. After the procedure, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics were prescribed, in addition to surgical wound cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Sixty adrenals of 30 dogs were evaluated, divided into three groups, according to age: Group 1 = healthy youngsters (10 animals) - from one to three years old; Group 2 = healthy adults (10 animals) - four to nine years old; and Group 3 = healthy senile animals (10 animals) - older than ten years old. The experimental design was randomized, with a significance of 5%. There was a significant difference (P=0.017) in length between young and elderly dogs. The thickness of the cranial pole showed a significant difference (P=0.001) between young and adults when compared with the elderly group. The thickness of the caudal pole was not significant for adults when compared to elderly and young people. Between elderly and young, the difference was significant (P=0.024). The mean speeds differed between the groups of young and adult animals regarding the left adrenal and its cranial pole. The hardness pattern and its measurements can vary in healthy dogs of different ages, being more rigid in the cranial pole of the left adrenal in young dogs.

Abstract Objective To present the update of the recommendations of the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Associations of Gynecology and Obstetrics for breast cancer screening in Brazil. Methods Scientific evidence published in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL and Lilacs databases between January 2012 and July 2022 was searched. Recommendations were based on this evidence by consensus of the expert committee of the three entities. Recommendations Annual mammography screening is recommended for women at usual risk aged 40–74 years. Above 75 years, it should be reserved for those with a life expectancy greater than seven years. Women at higher than usual risk, including those with dense breasts, with a personal history of atypical lobular hyperplasia, classic lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, treatment for breast cancer or chest irradiation before age 30, or even, carriers of a genetic mutation or with a strong family history, benefit from complementary screening, and should be considered individually. Tomosynthesis is a form of mammography and should be considered in screening whenever accessible and available.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the palmar and plantar digital arteries of 10 horses and 10 mules through B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound. Likewise, compare the plantar arteries of the pelvic limbs with the palmar arteries of the thoracic limbs, in addition to verifying the differences of the digital arteries in the contralateral limbs (right and left) in horses and mules using B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. The evaluated parameters were the diameter and the intima-media thickness (IMT), resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak of systolic velocity (pSV), final diastolic velocity (fDV) and mean velocity (MV) of the lateral and medial palmar and plantar arteries digital in healthy horses and mules. The horses presented higher diameters values, IMT, pSV, fDV and MV in comparison to the mules. The variables RI and PI also presented differences between horses and mules. Also, both species showed higher values in the variables of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography in the thoracic limbs. Differences were also detected in the comparison between the limb sides (right and left) in the two modalities. The B-Mode and spectral Doppler ultrasound techniques are viable tools to identify differences in the palmar and plantar digital arteries in healthy horses and mules, highlight the differences between the thoracic and pelvic limbs and their respective sides (right and left) as well.

Gallbladder mucocele is characterized by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium, increased mucus production, accumulation, and densification of the bile content, which can lead to biliary obstruction, necrosis, and rupture of the gallbladder wall. Its finding may be accidental or related to symptoms. A retrospective study (2016-2019) was carried out based on abdominal ultrasound examinations in dogs, correlating aspects of the gallbladder and biliary system in the mucocele with existing comorbidities. Thirty dogs diagnosed with biliary mucocele were evaluated, of which 46.66% had the disease at an early stage, and 53.33% showed a more advanced stage. Of these, 66.66% were related to endocrinopathies and hyperadrenocorticism. Signs of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction and biliary peritonitis were observed in two animals. Due to their potential risk of complications, follow-up ultrasound assessments are indicated in cases that opt for clinical treatment, not excluding the need for surgical intervention.

During embryological development, the eyelids of snakes fuse and no longer open like in mammals. They become transparent, thus forming spectacles, a transparent structure that covers the eyes. The primary function of these spectacles is to provide a physical barrier to protect the eyes without eyelids. This study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometry of Python bivittatus snakes. Ocular ultrasound examinations were performed on four individuals using the Logic E ultrasound device (GE, United States) with a 10-22 MHz linear probe. Conduction gel was used to make transducer contact with the cornea in these snakes. Images were obtained to evaluate the following measurements: axial length of the eyeball, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous depth. These measurements of intraocular structures were, respectively: 0.05 ± 0.02 cm for corneal thickness in the right eye and 0.04 ± 0.007 cm in the left eye; 0.11 ± 0.04 cm for anterior chamber depth in the right and left eyes; 0.36 ± 0.07 cm for the lens thickness in the right eye and 0.39 ± 0.05 cm in the left eye; 0.35 ± 0.05 for the depth of the vitreous chamber in the right eye and 0.31 ± 0.02 cm in the left eye; and 0.85 ± 0.18 cm for the length of the globe in the axial plane in the right eye and 0.85 ± 0.14 cm in the left eye. Knowledge of snakes’ anatomical and ophthalmological parameters is scarce, and the incidence of eye diseases is still little known, making further studies necessary.

Ureteral obstruction due to neoplasms is rare in dogs and is considered an important differential diagnosis for ureteral obstructions in these animals. In this study, the diagnosis of unilateral ureteral obstruction due to a low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasm in a canine was made based on abdominal ultrasound analysis and histopathological analysis of the neoplasm. The patient was a female Maltese, not neutered, 12 years old and weighing 4,450 kg. She presented with bloody vulvar discharge. No other alterations were observed on physical examination. The initial clinical suspicion, based on the clinical signs presented, was uteropathy. The ultrasound scan showed results suggestive of mild uteropathy. An analysis of the other organs in the abdominal cavity revealed marked hydronephrosis of the right kidney with loss of right renal architecture, marked dilatation of the right ureter and right ureteral neoformation in the distal third, leading to ureteral obstruction and dilatation. The treatment plan employed was total nephrectomy of the right kidney and histology of the neoformation in the right ureter. The ureteral neoformation was sent for histopathological analysis, which was suggestive of low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasia. It is important to diagnose these cases early in order to provide appropriate treatment and, consequently, a better prognosis. In this way, this study aims to contribute to the national veterinary literature, which lacks studies on this subject, which, despite being rare, is relevant to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pheochromocytoma is a neoplasm originating from the chromaffin tissue present in the adrenal gland, being rare in felines, presenting few clinical signs and difficult diagnosis. In the present report, a feline presenting the neoplasm was approached, with a sign of progressive weight loss without apparent cause. The ultrasound examination showed a large mass in the topography of the left adrenal gland. The animal underwent the anesthetic and surgical procedure of left adrenalectomy without intercurrences for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The fragment was sent for histopathological examination characterizing the malignant neoplasm pheochromocytoma. After surgery, the animal underwent ultrasonographic follow-up for 1 year, with no recurrence to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontists in their daily clinic are often faced with the need for endodontic reintervention. It is common, prior to this procedure, the need to remove intraradicular retainers. Several devices are available with the purpose of promoting the traction of the intraradicular retainer. Among them, the M&V® pin punch stands out, which can be used alone or associated with other techniques prior to traction. Another device commonly used for removal of intraradicular seals is the ultrasound associated with specific tips. In this sense, the present work reports two distinct clinical cases, which describe the use of these devices, their advantages, limitations, and the comparison of both techniques during removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to describe location, sonographic characteristics and measures of the stomach and small intestine of equines at different ages. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 88 healthy equines of either sex, aged 1, 7 and 15 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 months and 1, 3 and 5 years, with 20 animals per group. Location, characteristics and measurements of stomach, duodenum and jejunum were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed for each measurement and the percentile for each age was analyzed. The work showed the growth and characteristics of the organs evaluated over time. Adult animals showed a minimum of 4 duodenal movements per minute. It was possible to locate the organs evaluated in all animals. The detailed ultrasound examination of these organs allowed gathering information that could be used to assist in the care of future patients.

Gallbladder mucocele is characterized by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium, increased mucus production, accumulation, and densification of the bile content, which can lead to biliary obstruction, necrosis, and rupture of the gallbladder wall. Its finding may be accidental or related to symptoms. A retrospective study (2016-2019) was carried out based on abdominal ultrasound examinations in dogs, correlating aspects of the gallbladder and biliary system in the mucocele with existing comorbidities. Thirty dogs diagnosed with biliary mucocele were evaluated, of which 46.66% had the disease at an early stage, and 53.33% showed a more advanced stage. Of these, 66.66% were related to endocrinopathies and hyperadrenocorticism. Signs of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction and biliary peritonitis were observed in two animals. Due to their potential risk of complications, follow-up ultrasound assessments are indicated in cases that opt for clinical treatment, not excluding the need for surgical intervention.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Ultrasonography is an instrument that is present in the maternal-fetal assessment throughout pregnancy and with widely documented benefits, but its use in intrapartum is becoming increasingly relevant. From the assessment of labor progression to the assessment of placental disorders, ultrasound can be used to correlate with physiological findings and physical examination, as its benefit in the delivery room cannot yet be proven. There are still few professionals with adequate training for its use in the delivery room and for the correct interpretation of data. Thus, this article aims to present a review of the entire applicability of ultrasound in the delivery room, considering the main stages of labor. There is still limited research in evidence-based medicine of its various possible uses in intrapartum, but it is expected that further studies can bring improvements in the quality of maternal and neonatal health during labor.

Ultrasonography is one of the main methods of gestational diagnosis, in which it performs: biometry, monitoring of beats and organogenesis, detection of abnormalities and evaluation of maternal-fetal blood circulation. In this regard, intrauterine sonographic diagnosis of fetal abnormalities has been gaining space with the development of more advanced equipment, and has the potential to become a screening tool for this purpose. Based on the scarcity observed in this aspect, this study aims to report the intrauterine ultrasound diagnosis of a fetal abnormality in a pregnant feline. The patient was a 3-year-old Persian female with a history of natural mounting for 40 days. At ultrasonography, four live fetuses were visualized at approximately 38 days of age. A second ultrasonographic evaluation was performed after 12 days, and one fetus with cardiomegaly, heart rate oscillation and fetal distress was observed, while the other fetuses were within normal limits. The third scan was performed after four days, showing absence of heartbeat and presence of fluid in the pleural space in the fetus in question, confirming the death. Natural delivery occurred after one week, with the birth of three live pups and one stillborn. At necroscopic examination of the stillborn, generalized cardiomegaly was confirmed. We conclude that ultrasonography is a gold standard method for diagnosing fetal abnormalities, allowing birth planning and early intervention according to the situation. Thus, this study enriches the literature with more information related to fetal malformations observed before delivery, thus contributing to obstetric management in small animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Obtaining an adequate image of the needle by ultrasound reduces complications resulting from punctures, increasing patient safety and reducing hospitalization costs. Objectives To verify human perception in relation to number of pixels, while also identifying the best puncture angle and which needle should be used, and to evaluate whether there is a difference if needle visualization software is used. Methods 20 images were analyzed by 103 students who classified them as being sufficient or insufficient and were compared with the quality observed using photoshop. We evaluated whether there were differences between puncture angles of less than 45º and more than 45º, between IV catheter and introducer needles, and between images obtained with and without visualization software. Results There was a higher percentage of sufficient ratings for images those that had more than 60 pixels and when the puncture angle was less than 45º, with significant associations between students’ evaluations and each of these groups (p < 0.001). The percentages of images classified as sufficient were higher for images in which a IV catheter was used and also higher for those using the needle visualization software, with significant associations between the results for students’ classifications and each of these groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions The human eye classifies an image as sufficient according to higher numbers of pixels. Images of punctures at angles smaller than 45º in relation to the surface, of punctures performed with a IV catheter, and when using specific visualization software are also better detected by the human eye.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian bocachico is a rheophilic fish from the northeast region of Brazil that holds great economic and scientific interest. The absence of evident sexual dimorphism and the invasive character of sexing methods and evaluation of gonadal maturation are obstacles to its artificial reproduction. In this scenario, ultrasonography emerges as a non-invasive method for sexing. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasound sexing method for Brazilian bocachico and select equations to estimate the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad weight (GW), and gonad volume (GV) of live bocachico. A total of 32 bocachico fish (18 females and 14 males) were analyzed ultrasonographically and morphologically. The association of morphometric and ultrasonographic parameters was investigated using Pearson Correlations. The following prediction equations were selected using multiple regression analysis: GSI = 16.22 × transvarea; GW = 30.3 × transvarea; and GV = 0.001260036 × pixels. A model capable of predicting the sex of the animals based on the ultrasonographic parameters was obtained using partial least-squares discriminant analysis with principal component analysis. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05. In conclusion, ultrasonography is a useful tool to perform sexing and evaluate the gonads during the breeding season, contributing to artificial reproduction in captivity.

The objective of this study was to report a case of omphaloarteriophlebitis in an eight-day-old crossbred calf, presenting an increase in umbilical volume associated with myiasis. The blood count revealed neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia, and an ultrasound examination was also performed to assess the impairment of internal structures and diagnostic confirmation. Due to the severity of the condition, we opted for the surgical treatment of the animal, using the omphalectomy technique. In the intraoperative period, therapy with antimicrobial, antipyretic, analgesic and mucolytic agents was instituted, in addition to the patient's hospitalization for continuity of systemic therapy and dressings. After 72 hours of surgery, excellent healing of the surgical wound was observed and new laboratory tests detected the absence of neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia, allowing medical discharge, with recommendations for daily dressings on the property and return, after 10 days, for reassessment and removal of stitches. This study reported the clinical findings and therapeutic approach in a case of omphaloarteriophlebitis in a calf. Anamnesis and physical examination are fundamental for the diagnosis of omphalopathies and, when associated with complementary exams, allow the veterinarian to determine the affected structures, enabling the institution of the most efficient and specific treatment. The surgical procedure is a therapeutic method that presents faster results and better recovery rates when compared to clinical treatment alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Localized fat is an accumulation of adipose tissue in certain regions of the body, there are several types of treatments, including ultracavitation. Objective: To investigate the effects of ultracavitation (high power ultrasound) on abdominal adiposity in young women. Methodology: This is a quasi-experimental study with a quantitative approach, 16participants were selected, women aged between 20 and 30years, with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, with a minimum plicometry of 4.0 centimeters and having a concentration of fat in the abdominal region. The participants were submitted to 5 sessions of esthetic treatment in the abdominal region and flanks for localized fat reduction, one (01) time per week. A physical therapy evaluation was performed through a specific file. Perimetry and adipometry were performed on physical examination. Results: It was observed that there was reduction of supra umbilical, infra umbilical, supra iliac and abdominalperimetry measurements. If there is a positive clinical improvement and a high degree of satisfaction of the evaluators regarding the treatment. Conclusion: At the end of the statistical analysis, the study, in general, showed significant relevance in the measurements of the analyzed regions, demonstrating that ultracavitation was a safe, effective procedure, collabo-ratingfor the corporal remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The great saphenous vein is the main superficial vein of the lower limb, and also the most used as arterial graft for lower limb revascularization. Prior knowledge of the quality of the vein can guide the change in the therapeutic strategy, avoiding surgeries that are doomed to failure. The discrepancy between intraoperative findings of the quality of the great saphenous vein and imaging tests was also frequently observed. Objectives: Evaluate the diameter of the great saphenous vein through two imaging methods (Duplex Ultrasound and Computed Tomography) and the gold-standard (intraoperative direct measurement of the vein), comparing the results. Methods: Prospective, observational study, where the data collected were obtained from routine medical procedures performed by the Vascular Surgery team. Results: 41 patients were evaluated, with a 12-month follow-up. 27 (65.85%) were male, with a mean age of 65.37 years. 19 (46.34%) patients underwent femoropopliteal graft and 22 (53.66%) underwent distal grafts. Preoperative saphenous vein internal diameters were on average, with the patient supine, 16.4% smaller on CT and 33.8% smaller on USG than the external diameter after intraoperative hydrostatic dilatation. There was no statistical difference in measurements when sex, weight and height were considered. Conclusions: The assessment of saphenous vein diameter was underestimated by preoperative USG and CT scans when compared to intraoperative measurements. Thus, in patients undergoing graft planning for revascularization, the choice of conduit should take this data into consideration so that there is no unnecessary exclusion of the use of the saphenous vein in planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the types of calve housing used in dairy farms, the prevalence of umbilical disorders and related risk factors. The 16 farms studied were visited to characterize the types of installation and possible risk factors, as well as information obtained from a questionnaire applied to the farmers. 806 Holstein calves were physically examined, in addition to collecting blood samples for the evaluation of Failures in Passive Immunity Transfer (FPIT), in animals that manifested inflammatory omphalopathies, and were also submitted to ultrasound examination. The prevalence of omphalopathies was assessed by Fisher's test, and multivariate logistic regression to assess risk factors. Eight types of installation were found: tropical house, suspended cage, collective stall, collective picket, Argentinean type, single-story cage, individual stall, and collective picket with chain. Omphalopathies accounted for 6.45% of the calves. Small size farms (up to 99 lactation cows) had high risk for umbilical disorders, ground floor collective calves, without side protection, with sand floor, in closed sheds and without heatstroke were considered risk factors for omphalopathies. Adequate colostrum and umbilical antisepsis are not associated with disease, its appearance being related to the housing conditions of the animals.

INTRODUCTION: With the new curricular determinations in medical education and the difficulties in obtaining corpses, the need to include new teaching-learning methodologies in anatomy was seen. Ultrasonography can be a viable alternative, as it provides a visual-spatial, dynamic, and real-time assessment of anatomical structures. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the effect of ultrasound in teaching-learning anatomy compared to the use of cadaveric specimens through a systematic review. METHODS: It is a systematic review, in which articles were collected from the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases. With the keywords used, 3,963 articles were obtained. After reading the titles and abstracts, 27 articles were selected for complete analysis. Four were included for use after eligibility analysis. RESULTS: Among them, two studies showed equivalent learning between the conditions of cadaver and ultrasound teaching. Two studies evaluated the association of methodologies (ultrasound plus cadaver study) comparing students exposed only to cadaveric parts. In one of them, the ultrasound group obtained higher scores than the control group, but with a moderate to small effect size, and the other study showed lower values in the ultrasound group, however, without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This review showed favorable results for the use of ultrasound in the teaching of anatomy; however, few comparative studies with the use of cadaveric parts were carried out, which prevents the generalization of these effects. Therefore, more research is needed in order to obtain greater confidence for its inclusion in the teaching and

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the effect of two thermal concentration systems on bioactive compounds, the sugar content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pulp, and the carotenoid bioaccessibility of pulp concentrate. The closed processing system ensured a higher retention of phenolic and carotenoid compounds. The bioaccessibility of lycopene in tomato pulp concentrate was relatively low (0.54 %) but higher than in raw tomato pulp (0.15 %), corroborating other results that have reported the low availability of the compound in these matrices. Carotenoid extraction from tomato residue was also evaluated through both conventional (CE) and ultrasound (UAE) extractions together with the stability of extracts over 30 days. UAE promoted a superior release of lycopene and lutein than conventional extraction. Lycopene showed less stability with a reduction of 18 % in 30 days.

ABSTRACT This study used B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to characterize the abdominal structures of healthy peccaries raised in captivity. Fifteen peccaries were used for this study. The urinary vesicle appeared as an ovoid structure, located in the abdominal and pelvic transition, with a hyperechogenic, thin, smooth, and regular wall. The kidneys presented retroperitoneal topography and had similar sizes. The kidney/aorta ratio had an average value of 10.53±15cm (right) and 10.23±0.12 (left). The right adrenal gland had a length of 1.93±0.34cm and diameter of 0.56±0.16cm. The left adrenal gland had a length of 1.85±0.42cm and diameter of 0.52±0.11cm. The spleen had a diameter of 1.13±0.18cm. The hepatic vein demonstrated polyphasic flow in pulsed Doppler, with two retrograde peaks and an anterograde peak with a flow velocity of 25.7±0.83cm/s. The abdominal aorta had a diameter of 0.58±0.05cm and a flow velocity of 115.17±5.32cm/s. The morphological and hemodynamic study of the abdominal structures of the peccary, observed through B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, aided in identifying the size, shape, position, echogenicity, and echotexture of the abdominal organs and in making inferences about the normal parameters for these structures in this species.

ABSTRACT A 2-year-old English bulldog presented history of recurrent lower urinary tract disease, refractory to treatment. The Complete Blood Count revealed lymphopenia, hyperproteinemia, and hyperglobulinemia, while urinalysis indicated leukocyturia and bacteriuria. On the abdominal ultrasound, the bladder had a focal wall thickening in its cranial portion, as well as irregular echogenicity and internal margins. A bladder surgical biopsy was performed, indicating the presence of follicular cystitis. Clinical signs disappeared after treatment with a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, NSAIDs, supplementation with cranberry extract associated with cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa). Clinical follow-up 12 months after surgery showed remission at all clinical signs. Follicular cystitis in dogs was reported only once worldwide, this case report is the first in Brazil; thus, it may be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with refractory and recurrent lower urinary tract disease.

Localized lipodystrophy is among the main aesthetic dysfunctions that affect the female public looking for aesthetic treatments. This dysfunction affects the adipose tissue, also known as the subcutaneous layer of fat or hypodermis. For the treatment of localized lipodystrophy, some techniques have been indicated, such as the use of ultrasound. Given the above, this study aims to present the main impacts of ultrasound in the treatment of patients with localized lipodystrophy from an integrative literature review study. This is a bibliographic research to be elaborated based on previously published texts such as books, articles and dissertations. The texts will be collected in the virtual library, Minha Biblioteca, and in the Schoolar Google, Lilacs and Scielo databases. After an analytical reading of the selected texts, the organization of primary and secondary ideas will begin and, finally, the synthesis and writing of ideas for the logical construction of the work. Thus, it is believed that its results will contribute scientifically to the development of studies in the area of Aesthetics and Cosmetics as well as to help patients when deciding on technical improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testicular hydrocele is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis, usually related to injury or inflammation in the scrotum. This study aims to report the use of ultrasound and histopathological exams for the diagnosis of testicular hydrocele in swine. The boar showed increased testicular volume, with edema and stiffening of the testes, without signs of algesia. In the ultrasound examination, there were delimited regions of low echogenicity. In the histopathological examination the findings were compatible with hydrocele. The clinical manifestations and the results of the ultrasound examination in the present study allowed the diagnosis of hydrocele. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Lymphangiectasia is a heterogenous inflammatory bowel disease characterized by lymphatic vessel dilation, chronic diarrhea and protein loss such as serum albumin and globulin. The most common cause of lymphangiectasia is considered to be the congenital malformation of the lymphatics. The study was conducted between 2012-2015 on 76 dogs suffering from intestinal disorders and manifesting digestive symptoms such as diarrhea or weight loss. In order to assess the origin of disorder, physical examination, biochemistry profile, ultrasound and endoscopic examinations were performed. Ultrasound examination tried to assess the changes of intestines’ echogenicity, changes in wall thickness, wall layering and presence of striations or / and speckles (hyperechoic structures along intestinal mucosal layer). Endoscopic examination findings included dilated lacteals (59.2%) and erythema (21.1%). Although increased friability was observed in 33 dogs, it was not considered in the study due to limitations represented by the evaluation of the endoscopic images only. The study proved that an extremely significant statistical correlation exists between the presence of speckles and dilated lacteals in dogs with lymphangiectasia (P

Abstract Fish scales of the Arapaima gigas (pirarucu) species were heat-treated to obtain natural hydroxyapatite (HAp), and it was doped with niobium (Nb) by physical ultrasound interference to confirm an effective route to the production of Nb-doped HAp powders. The effect of ultrasound application on doping was investigated. The structure of the powders was elucidated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). XRD results of Nb-doped HAp powders were compared with undoped natural hydroxyapatite and ICSD-26204 standard as controls. The crystallinity of Nb-doped HAp powders increased from 39% to 51% after the ultrasound application. IR spectroscopy confirmed hydroxyl, carbonate, and phosphate functional groups in the sample. Results obtained by XRF confirmed the ionic substitution of Ca for Nb with an average content of 1%. Therefore, the effectiveness of the synthesis route was confirmed to produce hydroxyapatite-niobium crystalline powder with physicochemical integrity as a potential biomaterial for bone implant application.

Transition cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common bladder neoplasm in dogs, being more frequent in older females and obese animals. It is found more easily in the bladder trine, so surgical treatment is palliative. Symptoms including hematuria and polyuria, which are nonspecific for differential diagnosis with other urinary tract disorders. The definitive diagnosis is made with histopathological examination, but there are ways to diagnose CCT in advance, but ultrasound, urinalysis and urinary cytology are means that can help in early diagnosis. Neoplasia has low healing potential and high mortality rate, thus making the prognosis poor. Thus arousing interest in finding different types of prevention, early diagnoses and new treatments, the present study reports a case of TCC in a canine female exposing the set of complementary tests used to diagnose previously, as well as the treatment done with cystotomy and chemotherapy with doxorubicin that showed good efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background and objectives: In patients with elbow fractures, when there is suspected injury to underlying nerves, it is imperative for surgeons to elicit the function in the immediate postoperative period. Brachial plexus blocks like interscalene, supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches can be a hurdle in such situations. The block planned should allow assessment of integrity of the nerves immediately in the postoperative period. Case report: We describe two cases in which we administered a block not yet described in literature. We blocked the cutaneous and articular branches innervating the elbow under ultrasound guidance. General anesthesia was administered in both cases. The block provided stable intraoperative hemodynamics, good postoperative analgesia and also allowed surgeons to test the viability of the nerve. Conclusion: In situations where nerves are injured during elbow fractures, selective articular cutaneous block at elbow can be used as it provides good perioperative analgesia, besides allowing evaluation of motor and sensory components in the postoperative period.

Abstract Background and objectives: To assess the agreement between the epidural depth measured from the surgical site with the epidural depths estimated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound scanning. Methods: Fifty patients of either sex, scheduled for L4‒5 lumbar disc surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective observational study, and the results of 49 patients were analyzed. The actual epidural depth was measured from the surgical site with a sterile surgical scale. The MRI-derived epidural depth was measured from the MRI scan. The ultrasound estimated epidural depth was measured from the ultrasound image obtained just before surgery. Results: The mean epidural depth measured from the surgical site was 53.80 ± 7.67 mm, the mean MRI-derived epidural depth was 54.06 ± 7.36 mm, and the ultrasound-estimated epidural depth was 53.77 ± 7.94 mm. The correlation between the epidural depth measured from the surgical site and MRI-derived epidural depth was 0.989 (r2 = 0.979, p < 0.001), and the corresponding correlation with the ultrasound-estimated epidural depth was 0.990 (r2 = 0.980, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both ultrasound-estimated epidural depth and MRI-derived epidural depth have a strong correlation with the epidural depth measured from the surgical site. Preprocedural MRI-derived estimates of epidural depth are slightly deeper than the epidural depth measured from the surgical site, and the ultrasound estimated epidural depths are somewhat shallower. Although both radiologic imaging techniques provided reliable preprocedural estimates of the actual epidural depth, the loss of resistance technique cannot be discarded while inserting epidural needles.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to calculate the collapsibility index (CI) in a group of 15 healthy adult mixed breed cats via right hepatic intercostal ultrasound view. The minimal and the maximal diameters of the caudal vena cava (CVC) were obtained during inspiration and expiration, respectively, then CI was calculated. The mean diameter of the CVC was 0.5cm. The mean CI was 28±3% and CI was not significantly associated with gender. As in human medicine, there is a growing need for less invasive monitoring in small animal practice. The CI enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter. This is the first reported study investigating CI in cats.

A agenesia da veia cava caudal é uma malformação que ocorre ainda no período da embriogênese, tendo como característica a ausência parcial ou total do órgão. Por se tratar de uma anormalidade às vezes assintomática, são achados raros encontrados em exames de imagem, podendo ser desde uma simples ultrassonografia, a uma tomografia computadorizada, sendo os mesmos os principais métodos para a detecção e fechamento do diagnóstico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de um cão da raça Scott Terrier, de 8 anos e 4 meses, atendido em um hospital veterinário na cidade de Salvador-BA, que após a realização de ultrassom e tomografia, confirmou-se a agenesia da veia cava caudal.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency of structural congenital anomalies (CAs) in the midwest of Brazil and its association with maternal risk factors. Methods This was a prospective, observational, case-control study based on a hospital population. Pregnant women attended at a fetal medicine service in Brazil were analyzed in the period from October 2014 to February 2016.A total of 357 pregnant women were included, 223 of whom had fetuses with structural anomalies (group case), and 134 of whom had structurally normal fetuses (control group). The clinical history was made previous to prenatal consultation, and the diagnosis of the structural CA was performed through ultrasound. Results A frequency of 64.27% (n = 223) of pregnant women with fetuses with structural anomalies was observed. The most frequent structural CAs were those of the central nervous system (30.94%), followed by anomalies of the genitourinary system (23.80%), and, finally, by multiple CAs (16.60%). The background of previous children with CAs (odds ratio [OR]: 3.85; p = 0.022), family history (OR: 6.03; p = < 0.001), and consanguinity between the progenitors (OR: 4.43; p = 0.034) influenced the occurrence of structural CA. Conclusion The most frequent CAs are those of the central nervous system, followed by those of the genitourinary system, and then multiple anomalies. The maternal risk factors that may have influenced the occurrence of structural CA were previous children with CA, family history, and consanguinity among the parents.

ABSTRACT: The yellow-breasted capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) and robust tufted capuchin (Sapajus robustus) are endangered species due to destruction of their natural habitat and predatory chase. However, it is still necessary to elucidate some details of their reproductive physiology in order to obtain better indices in the assisted reproduction of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the ovarian cycle of 13 dominant and subordinate females of S. xanthosternos (n=8) and S. robustus (n=5) using sagittal and transversally scanned ultrasound of their uterus and ovaries. Sonograms were performed every seven days for two months. The ovarian cycle phase and anestrous condition were confirmed by colpocytology. Our results showed different uterine parameters (craniocaudal diameter, dorso-ventral diameter, and transverse diameter) (P

Abstract Background and objectives: Costoclavicular brachial plexus block is an anesthesia performed through the infraclavicular route described in the literature as a safe and effective route for upper limb anesthesia distal to the elbow. The following report describes the case of a patient whose traditional plexus blocking techniques presented ultrasound visualization difficulty, but the costoclavicular approach was easy to visualize for anesthetic blockade. Case report: A grade 3 obese patient scheduled for repair of left elbow fracture and dislocation. Ultrasound examination revealed a distorted anatomy of the supraclavicular region and the axillary region with skin lesions, which made it impossible to perform the blockade in these regions. It was decided to perform an infraclavicular plexus block at the costoclavicular space, where the brachial plexus structures are more superficial and closer together, supported by a muscular structure, lateral to all adjacent vascular structures and with full view of the pleura. The anesthetic block was effective to perform the procedure with a single injection and uneventfully. Conclusion: Costoclavicular brachial plexus block is a good alternative for upper limb anesthesia distal to the elbow, being a safe and effective option for patients who are obese or have other limitations to the use of other upper limb blocking techniques.

ABSTRACT: Few reports have been published regarding the use of ultrasonography as a method of evaluating the normal thyroid gland in horses. For these reasons, this study aimed at determining reliably of the thyroid measurements from the comparison between the left and right thyroid lobes, as well as assessing the contour, format, echotexture and echogenicity of the healthy thyroid by mode-B ultrasonography. Additionally, the equine thyroid vascularization was quali-quantitatively characterized the by Doppler. The sample size initially was determined by the animal selection with advanced age and without volume increase in the neck proximal region. Finally, eleven horses were selected by laboratory test, search of thyroid neoformations by ultrasonography and cytology thyroid. Next, these animals were submitted to thyroid lobes ultrasonographic evaluation. Excellent reproducibility was observed for all measurements obtained. Among the comparisons made between the quantitative parameters of the left and right lobes, it was observed that there was only difference between their respective lengths. Qualitatively, there was a significant variation between the lobes elliptical format in the longitudinal plane of some glands, which oscillated between a rounded and flattened conformation. Thus, we can conclude that the difference between the lobes format of some thyroids can be explained by the significant difference observed between the length of the left and right lobes. Additionally, it was verified that there was no difference between the Doppler quantitative parameters. Therefore, we may suggest that unilateral analysis of the cranial thyroid artery by spectral Doppler can be used to evaluate equine thyroid diffuse disorders.