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The topic of this paper is the fascist ideology and how to study it from a historicist and realist perspective. The first section discusses the existence of a fascist ideology, contradicting interpretations that reject the originality of the movement. The second presents the main contemporary interpretations on the matter. And the third proposes a methodology that interprets the beliefs from the perspective of the intellectual context in which they were produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reviews Celso Furtado's intellectual legacy, highlighting his enormous importance for economic thought. It adopts the method of comparing Furtado to another great Brazilian economist, Mário Henrique Simonsen, emphasizing the superiority of the former over the latter in several essential aspects. It also discusses the relation of Furtado to Keynes and the Keynesian economic tradition, on the one hand, and to Marx and Marxism, on the other. It highlights, in conclusion, his links to nationalism and romanticism, expressed in his attachment to Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with José Manuel Sobral, director of Análise Social, is presented. He discusses topics such as social memory, nationalisms, and inequalities. Sobral reflects on his tenure as the director of Análise Social, emphasizing the importance of gender balance in the editorial board, the promotion of book reviews, and the global reach of the journal, particularly attracting contributions from Portuguese-speaking countries, notably Brazil.

The present article analyzes, according to literary criticism and image analysis, how, from the Rhine Movement (1840) to the early years of the foundation of the German Empire (1871-1883), the figure of Germania was instrumentalized by poets, painters, and sculptors. At the time of the publication of the poem "The Watch on the Rhine" (1840) by Max Schneckenburger, an imaginative literary figure of a vigil on the Rhine was constructed, incorporating various discourses related to nationalist issues in a context of imminent confrontation with France. A whole textual and visual culture was conceived during the so-called long 19th century, focusing on this figure of Germania, which takes on increasingly defined forms as the political contours of the new German state and its warlike ideology are delineated. The climax of its reception is the inauguration of the Niederwald Monument (1883) by Johannes Schilling, as a celebration of victory in the Franco-Prussian War. Furthermore, it can be observed that this figure continues to be invoked in turbulent moments when notions of identity and national unity are sought, as was the case during the First World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his short story "Tapiiraiauara," Guimarães Rosa portrays a hunting scene in which a tapir's life and diplomacy issues are at stake. Based on the cosmopolitics debate, the analysis of the story reveals problems related both to Amerindian Tupi-Guarani perspectives and Brazilian Modernismo, especially regarding the symbolism of some animals that appear in the clash between "anthropophagic" cosmopolitans and verde--amarelo nationalist group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathway covered by liberalism in Brazil is winding. As an ideology imported from the European bourgeoisie, it found in a colonized country the appropriate environment for its advancement, even if contiguous to its antinomy, that is, nationalism. Particularly, within the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, liberalism, obliquely absorbed by the Brazilian elite, oligarchies employed liberalism in an even more instrumental, and rather contradictory, way, if compared with the rest of the country. Liberalism, therefore, experienced a particular history within Rio Grande do Sul, where several conflicts were waged on its behalf. Accordingly, this paper aims at rescuing the history of liberalism in southern Brazil by reconstructing such conflicts--and the liberal element at its bottom: the Farroupilha Revolution (1835-1845), the Federalist Revolution (1893-1895), and the 1923 War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The permanence of the debates carried out in Brazilian modernism throughout the 20th century is discussed based on an analysis of the discourses of aesthetic and political engagement proposed by Mário de Andrade, of the official institutional actions that privileged the productions of this aesthetic current in their cultural, educational, and diplomatic policies, as well as the actions of interpreters and composers in defense of musical nationalism. It concludes that, in order to understand this permanence, it is necessary to reflect on the role that institutions have historically played, and that the analysis of the action of other agents, such as interpreters, can reveal aspects not yet discussed in the study of modernism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article was to reflect on how the balangandãs (an object that integrates the religious practices of African matrices), was interpreted by the folklorist Paulo Afonso de Carvalho, but not only, and to discuss the social imaginary built on this utensil when it was integrated to folklore studies (area of knowledge that became institutionalized as a discipline in the country, in 1947). To answer the question, we used interviews with folklorists in newspapers as a source, as well as the narratives elaborated on this liturgical object when it was incorporated into Brazilianness through the museographic "writing" of the Édison Carneiro Folklore Museum. Discourse analysis and the relationship between text and relevant contexts were the methodological resources used in this study. Thus, this investigation considers that folklorists, although they understood this devotional instrument as something connected to the religious experience of enslaved Africans, they treated it as exotic at the time when a place for an African-based religion was being built in the design of a national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the life story of the former FNLA fighter, Maria Henriqueta Miguel Pedro, Joia. Joia escapes stereotypes about the FNLA. Of Kimbundu origin, daughter of assimilated parents, she was born in Luanda and was a high school student. Her biography contributes to think about the FNLA beyond the Single History, that is, a nationalist movement of men of Bakongo ethnic group, with origin in the north of Angola, refugees in the neighboring country Congo, of Baptist religion and with peasant roots. The article argues that ex-combatants and clandestine militancy should be included in the FNLA's memory and history of the liberation struggle so that this fight is re-signified and belonging to the nation does not exclude women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My aim is to propose a review of the available literature on nationalism in order to show that the problem is too complex to be quickly embraced or dismissed as taboo. First, I argue that the nation is, in the modern context, an inescapable notion. Second, I distinguish different types of nationalism, such as the various national movements that are at the origin of many nations that exist today, the classical liberal nationalism, the Latin American populist nationalism, and the Brazilian anti-colonialist nationalism of the 1950s. The phenomenon, from the Brazilian point of view, has to be understood in the light of its own context, without unnecessary theoretical imports. In addition, it appears that a good part of the theories assume, in view of the phenomenon, a posture that often makes it impossible to think of national anti-colonial movements. Thus, although the concept represents irrationalist political movements in some developed countries, this theoretical transposition is not always possible to our context. Some vulnerable classes and races often found a path to emancipation in national movements, as shown by Joaquim Nabuco's analysis of the relationship between the abolitionist movement and the movement for independence in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study, based on Bibliographic Review and Text Analysis, presents a brief analysis of Brazilianness in Maria Bethânia's music from the historical record of Brasileirinho (Quitanda/Biscoito Fino, 2003-2004). Themes such as the cultural anthropophagy and the relationship between music and the cultural identity of the performer since its appearance in the Brazilian music scene in 1965 are proposed. As a theoretical contribution, the concept of identity, studies on Anthropophagy stand out (ANDRADE, 2017), the aesthetics and language of Maria Bethânia's musical work, in addition to the interpretative analysis of the texts. The intention is to present a debate on the construction of the National Identity based on the featured work, according to the precepts of Brazilian modernist authors, creators of the Week of Modern Art (1922). The three great matrixes of national identity - African, Indigenous and European - form the horizon for the analysis of songs, arrangements, poems, pictures and interpretations recorded in the work, in order to contribute to the reflection on cultural relations, hybridism (CANCLINI, 2010 ), in critical evaluation of European standards, in force in Brazilian society, which, consequently, marginalizes the traditional and native identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at discussing some aspects of the work of school inspector in primary education, using as source records of the terms of visits in a school group in the interior of São Paulo, in the period between 1931 and 1940. It is a documentary and bibliographic research. The analysis of records resulted in the verification that, within the ideas of Escola Nova, the most developed in school groups were welfare institutions, such as Caixa Escolar, and that school inspectors contributed to the dissemination of the nationalism imposed by Getúlio Vargas, as well as for the expansion of schooling in the state of São Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines, for the first time in the historiography, the logic behind various intellectual approaches to the significance of the historical role played by padre António Vieira. These approaches are rooted in the different worldviews of the Portuguese writers who wrote Histories of Portugal for a broad public audience in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In the sample chosen, the historical discourses produced reveal a wish to contribute, by way of historiography as a broad civic intervention of varying political and ideological stripes, to the construction of Portuguese identity representations within a framework of nationalism construction and transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the presence of football in the Bolivarian Games of 1938, held in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The six nations that participated in the event had in common the role of Simón Bolívar as a symbol of national liberation within their national identity discourse. These are: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Basing ourselves on periodicals from the city of Bogotá and on the football competition that was part of this event, we analyze how the Games exacerbated issues related to nationalism and also the construction of an international image of the idea of a Colombian nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to understand the concept of nation in Carlos Drummond de Andrade's poetry, especially in the 30's, when the poet was heavily influenced by the modernist movement -- known for its appreciation for everything that was national. To achieve this goal, we analyze the poems "Também já fui brasileiro" and "Europa, França e Bahia" from Alguma poesia (1930) reflecting about the nation and nationalism issues raised by Benedict Anderson (2008). Besides that, in a second moment of analysis, we seek to understand the relation that the poet determines between the global and the local, considering the reflections established by Stuart Hall (2014). Therefore, we selected the poems "Cidadezinha qualquer", also from Alguma poesia (1930) and "Confidência do Itabirano" from Sentimento do mundo (1940). From this analysis, some contradictions in Drummond's speaker are evidenced, since he is often not able to identify himself, neither with his country nor with other places; always reflecting a disconnection with his time, feature that is one of Drummond's marks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2009 China has been Brazil's biggest trade partner, and its important ally. However, the nationalist right that won the 2018 elections has a critical perspective of the country. This paper maps the views on China held by the new Brazilian government, both in terms of the economic arguments (protectionism of industry, fear of Chinese control of infrastructure and natural resources) and political concerns (the desire for a diplomatic rapprochement with the United States and anticommunism hostility towards Beijing). The paper claims that these positions are important for foreign policy decision-making and that they complicate relations with China, but that is also necessary to take into account more moderate views from other groups in the administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriages between people from different countries tend to be organized according to preferential geographies and form distinctive “marriagescapes,” such as the one that takes shape in the Euro-Brazilian transatlantic space, the focus of this article. In this context, marital arrangements with a particular gender-nationality structure prevail (European men and Brazilian women), from which spatial and culturally extensive alliance configurations emerge, based on an exogamy that crosses political, social, and identity boundaries. Diversified and distended, this marriagescape combines multiple axes of alterity: nationality, sexuality, gender, “race,” ethnicity, class. More than cleavage factors, the demarcations inscribed in this heterogamic pattern function as attraction inducing, involving the articulation of diverse desires. The differences and inequalities inherent to the European-Brazilian marriages tend to give rise to the idea that the Brazilian women will be the major beneficiary from the establishment of transnational alliance bonds. However, this female hypergamy can be hindered, particularly when matrimony involves migration to Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romantic and modernist Brazilian literature tried to tackle the issue of our nationality as a means of self-recognition, a search for national identity. With the rise of post-modernism and especially of cultural studies, the question of national identity and of the representation of the nation is back again; historians, social scientists and literary and visual arts critics have been discussing the theme and we, therefore, see analysis of novels, short stories, poems, paintings, installations, movies and TV series, among others, which deal with how these media try to represent the nation - or if it is still possible to speak in a totalizing way about narratives of the nation and of national identity. Nonetheless, this matter does not seem so compelling in theatre studies. Although there are plays which attempt to narrate a space and its society, whether it be the nation or the city - the latter sometimes representative of an idea of nation -, the debate on what this idea of nation and national identity are is, in theatre studies, limited. Thus, this article aims at analyzing how the nation was imagined and the understanding of national identity in the play BR3, signed by Bernardo Carvalho and staged by the company Teatro da Vertigem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze how the writer José Pereira da Graça Aranha represented the Brazilian national identity in the set of essays The aesthetics of life, published in 1921. José Pereira da Graça Aranha (1868-1931), born in São Luís do Maranhão, Brazilian writer and diplomat, graduated in Law from the Recife Law School. Graça Aranha was concerned with defining what it meant to be Brazilian. In an attempt to address this issue, he elaborated to explain what constituted the Brazilian being and the reasons for having such characteristics. He publicized his projects through publications, which included texts such as essays, novels, among others. The Aesthetic work of life is formed by a set of essays, among which Aranha exposes her philosophical conceptions of the world, presenting the view that each people has its own characteristic that would form the soul of the race. For Aranha, each nation would integrate the universal whole through its uniqueness. In this work the author explains how this whole would be formed and how Brazil could find its characteristic to integrate it, defending the conservation of Portuguese characteristics and the political union of Brazil and Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social identity is part of a person's self-concept and is built on characteristics associated with certain social categories to which one belongs. Currently, one of the most salient categories of social identity has been the nationality. The present study presents a new measurement of national identification, developed for the Brazilian context. Two studies were carried out. The first concerns the construction of the instrument and the investigation of initial evidence of internal validity. The second study investigated new evidence of internal validity and sought evidence of validity based on relationships with external variables and theoretically correlated with national identity. The results of both studies indicated evidence of construct validity and scale criterion. However, other evidence of validity is still needed to attest to the quality of the National Identification Scale and its actual suitability for use in the Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 19th century was the stage for the creation of the Italian national identity during the movement known as Risorgimento, which, for this purpose, resorted massively to reinterpretations of events linked to the Middle Ages, having elected the Lombard League, the battle of Legnano (1176) and Alberto da Giussano as essential symbols for their struggle for the constitution of Italy as a nation-state. From the beginning of the 1980s, with the formation of the right-wing ethnoregionalist political party known for most of its history as Lega Nord (1989- 2013), these symbols were reframed to adapt to the objective of creating a new nation, Padania, which, according to Lega supporters, would be the successor of the medieval Lombard League. We analyze in this article how the key elements of the neomedievalist mythopoiesis orchestrated by the Lega (the Oath of Pontida, the Lombard League, Legnano, Alberto da Giussano and the Carroccio) are essential for understanding their ideology and how these elements are present in their masterpiece, the feature film Barbarossa (2009), analyzed here taking into account the ideological arguments of the Lega infiltrated in the narrative; the historical elements disposed there and, finally, the referential relations with other works of a neomedievalist nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses the historiography on political exiles in the social context of southern Latin American dictatorships. It is referenced on three works published between 2007 and 2013, and aims to highlight the most used ways with which historians inserted and gave visibility to the subject of exile in their agenda from the perception and (re)discovery of the magnitude of the events. Respecting that, it carries out a debate around the following proposing guidelines: how the referenced works helped to consolidate the "exile" object concerning a systematic pattern of interpretation; and which ways were used to formalize an interdisciplinary and transnational network of scholars whose experience with the problematic of research showed to be fundamental to renew theme-related theoretical, historiographical and methodological meanings. The article concludes that such interventions ended to give a status of heuristic legitimacy to the investigations about the exiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first decade of independent existence, Guyana went through a phase of alignment with the US and another phase of socialism. In this article, I analyze the Brazilian diplomatic documentation produced at the Itamaraty, signed by the foreign ministers and dispatched with their respective presidential generals, in order to problematize the foreign policy of Guyana and its search for better paths of international insertion. It is an unpublished documentation, precious way to understand the history of that country. I conclude that, with autonomy in alignment with the US, Brazil was able to face Guyana in a professional manner, ensuring the maintenance of its sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this text will be to reconstitute the process of institutionalization of university teaching of History at the University of Paraná (current Federal University of Paraná) between 1938 and 1971, emphasizing the process of curricular change that the Geography and History course has undergone until they became autonomous in the early 1960s. Between 1938 and 1961, the History course was unified to that of Geography, a process similar to what happened in São Paulo (University of São Paulo) and Rio de Janeiro (University of Brazil, current Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). The sources that supported this research were the Yearbooks of the FFCL/UFPR, the diaries and classbooks, and the Minutes of the History course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the theoretical and methodological perspective, in the present paper we intend to contribute with the debates pertinent to the History of the historiography of the brazilian Seventh Art. We problematize hermeneutically the book Classic historiography of Brazilian movie: methodology and pedagogy (1995) by the movie critic Jean-Claude Bernardet. We take into consideration the reflections of Michel de Certeau (2007) on the social, political, economic and cultural place of historians, especially one of its primordial elements, the "not said", as well the proposals of the German theorist Jörn Rüsen (2010) regarding the hermeneutic method applied in the production of historical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to analyze the political uses of Elisa Lynch, who had an affective relationship with the Paraguayan president Francisco Solano López and was an important character in the Triple Alliance War (1864-1870). A central episode in the History of Paraguay, the war and its main characters were thoroughly studied. It was not different with Lynch: her trajectory was reconstructed in several biographical works. Characterized, at the end of the conflict, as a vile and manipulative woman, in the 20th century, during the Stroessner regime, Elisa Lynch was elevated as national heroine, along with her partner. This research reflects on the potential political interests behind this rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a research project developed between 2014-2020 related to the didactic narratives of history in Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay and relevant to the Guerra Guasu content (1864-1870) are presented. Although there has been a significant historiographical advance on the subject, these narratives have a traditional, descriptive profile, with a focus on the achievements of those considered as "great men". In the case, above all, of the Brazilian narratives, different categories of historical sources were incorporated, however the subordinate subjects listed for this analysis: women, children, indigenous people and the freed and enslaved blacks remain invisible by the writing of an official didactic narrative and that reverberates the canons of the winner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the representations of women in a selection of textbooks used in Paraguayan schools during the period 1989-2020, with the aim of analyzing the historical role attributed to women in school stories about the War of the Triple Alliance. (1864-1870). It is argued that despite the process of reviewing the school curriculum and educational policy initiated with the democratic transition in 1989, the hegemonic representations of women linked to nationalism persist, consolidating traditional gender roles within the framework of a patriarchal society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims at analyzing the approaches taken on the participation and importance of the leaders Farrapos in the 1957 Revolt in the Southwest of Paraná, which resulted in the defeat of the land companies and the government of Moysés Lupion who practiced land fraud in the lands of the Missões lands and part of Chopim territories. In the historical approaches of the revolt, the exaltation of the urban leaders who operated from 1951 to October 1957, as well as in the aftermath of the lupionista defeat, prevailed as they became political leaders and considered "heroes" of the October 1957 uprising, because the victory would have occurred without the shedding of blood. However, the references of the Farrapos leaders in the frontier area with Argentina, especially of Pedro Santin, were in the background or as a negative example to be followed and recalled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how and why the Guasu War or the Triple Alliance War remains in the memory of Paraguayans as part of their national identity. Starting from the idea that Paraguay had to go through a process of symbolic reconstruction after the defeat of 1870, the different resignifications of the myths consecrated by the revisionists throughout the 20th century are analyzed, in order to identify how these myths permeated political and cultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes how relevant issues regarding Paraguay's condition after the Triple Alliance War (1870–1876) were used as a tool in political fight between nationalists and autonomists during Argentinean presidential campaign of 1873 and 1874. It mentions that the conflict, Paraguay's occupation and remained issues from that incident were used by autonomist faction as a strategy in the electoral local fight against nationalism; and newspapers from Buenos Aires have been consulted, once they were the main channel of political debates and promoters of representations.

The work presented here intends to identify how the relations of the nationalist government of Getúlio Vargas with the great international powers of the 30s and 40s, led the internal relations with the Nazi movement - which lasts throughout the 1930s and part of the 1990s. 1940, through the National Socialist Political Party and Associations - and external relations, in Latin America with Argentina, in the definition of a national Varguista project, mainly from 1938 to 1942, and foreign policy conducted until the alignment with the States United States of America. Here, the privileged concepts were of nation and nationalism, but the terms that defined Brazilian foreign policy strategies were also explored. For that, qualitative research was used, from an investigation with primary and secondary sources with documentary triangulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of independent cinema in the period of democracy building in Brazil from 1985 to 2016, a time span with films that portray a democratic project of emergence of erased identities in national cinema. The place occupied by black people, women and the poor assumed a tense status in this new context. The Day Dorival Faced the Guard by Jorge Furtado (1986), for example, chronicles the strategic and shrewd thinking of a black inmate in order to be able to take a shower after ten days in solitary confinement by order of no one knows who. Kbela by Yasmim Thainá (2015), on the other hand, is a black woman’s film of humble origin. The narrative shows the transformation of five women who overcome racial prejudice by discovering their own identity, color, culture, ancestry. In the two films it is possible to identify a trajectory that transforms the figuration of freedom of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the background of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the largest and most relevant institution in Africa. It emerges in 1963 from the historical trajectory of the continent marked by exploitation, slavery, colonization, armed struggles, pan-Africanism and nationalism; processes that culminated in decolonization, self-determination of peoples and independence. The OAU results from the friction of two groups of countries, Monrovia and Casablanca, which fought for the same objective: the end of colonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the intense presence of cinema in the history of Cape Verde, the aim of this article is to take a look at the proposals regarding the film screening aired in the early years of independence (1974-1980). In the same period, the government's actions with regard to sports, seeking to consolidate a national identity that did not fit the archipelago's trajectory, clashed with a historically constructed understanding of the practice (Melo, 2011). What would have happened to the cinema? How was the topic debated? The evidence examined comes from Voz di Povo, which circulated the PAIGC positions, as well as Alert! and Novo Jornal de Cabo Verde, periodicals launched at the time of transition to independence. It is concluded that the proposed interventions were unsuccessful, in part because of operational limitations, but also because the population refused to abandon old habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a theoretical framework that combines the concept of deterritorialisation developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, and the A-poetics theory of Charles Bernstein, this paper analyses three movements of escape from territoriality, permeated by the processes of modern colonization and contemporary globalization, addressing three nuclear literary bases. First, we intend to analyse how colonial exploration relegates the status of the natives of a territory to 'foreigner', through an analysis of the story "The Foreign Legion" by Clarice Lispector. Secondly, the globalization movement is investigated through the consolidation of English as a communication template and through the critical analysis of poems by Paulo Leminski and José Brites. Finally, from a reading of the poems that make up "Travel Maps" by Frederico Barbosa, we draw conclusions on the gaps in the composition of a national identity generated by inequalities and abundant internal ills, in the case of Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to review some characteristics of African philosophy in Lusophone African countries compared with other African contexts affected by colonization processes (particularly British and French Africa). After political independence, founded on a set of strong ideological thinking (in particular, the case of Amilcar Cabral), post-colonial times do not seem to be characterized by radical reflections as happened in other contexts, mainly through a favourable conjunction of new radical thinking. Discussing the difference between philosophy and thought in the context of the theoretical revision of the concept of community, deconstructing the work of identities and national narratives, the article attempts to find in literature - and not in philosophy in the strict sense, in the context of Lusophone African countries - fragments of such radical thought disseminated in numerous texts. Taking as a case study the reconfiguration of the community in the classic Luuanda by Luandino Vieira, the perspective written in the text deals with mapping of African thought in the Lusophone African countries spread across many literary texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lucía Miranda is a character identified with the formation of the region of Rio de la Plata, which will star, in the 19th, two of historical content written by Rosa Guerra and Eduarda Mansilla. The stories presented by the two authors differ in the treatment of the theme and seem to propose different ways of seeing the history and the possibilities of constructing signs of national identity. In this work, I analyze comparatively the two works and the ways in which they turn into fiction an event considered historical. At first, the paper presents some considerations about historical novel and its uses in the nineteenth century. In a second moment, I present a brief review about the myth/history of Lucía Miranda and about the life of the authors Rosa Guerra and Eduarda Mansilla. Then, a comparative analysis of the two novels is presented to establish the points of convergence and divergence between the two works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a historiographic reconstitution of the debates that the work of the writer Machado de Assis provoked together with Octávio Brandão and Astrojildo Pereira, two fundamental intellectuals in the political and cultural history of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). The legacy of Machado's work had wide repercussions in debates about the fates of the Brazilian Revolution, the political agenda that guided the intellectual interventions of Pecebist nationalism. This article describes and analyzes a set of writings that Octávio Brandão and Astrojildo Pereira published between 1939 and 1958, dates that marked, respectively, the centenary of birth and the 50th anniversary of the death of Machado de Assis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports mega-events are periods when the spirit of nationalism is high, leading people to buy products to express support for their country in the competition. The purpose of this correlational study is to verify which variables influence the impulse buying behavior of merchandise. 441 Brazilians participated in the study (264 women and 177 men, Mage = 34.56. SD = 15.89 years). Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire (SurveyMonkey platform), which was shared through Facebook, WhatsApp, and email lists during the FIFA World Cup 2018. The results showed that men are more fanatic about the cup and tend to become more involved in the event. A sequential mediation model, applied to both sexes, revealed that the stronger the national identity, the greater the fanaticism, which leads to greater involvement, resulting in impulse buying of merchandise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to present a case study on the identification between Romanesque art and national identity in Catalonia, an association that emerged in the framework of the emergence of national movements at the end of the 19th century, but that was recovered a century later when the process for the declaration of the Romanesque churches of the Boí Valley as a world heritage site by UNESCO began. The identification of the Romanesque with a «national art» is reinforced in this case because it is a Romanesque art located in the heart of the Pyrenees, with the strong symbolic value of the mountain as the «cradle» of the Catalan nation. We will analyse the World Heritage process and its effects in the context of a small territory, with a scarce population and dependent to a great extent on the seasonality of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, the history of television oscillated between different levels of participation and the state and the private management, in a unique mixed scheme in the world. The tensions between the actors involved in this context and the commercial and cultural expectations present there, created different models that determined ownership structures, contents and forms of work; molding the decisive role that TV occupied in society over time. Based on a documentary investigation and the analysis of stories about Colombian TV, the article problematizes these issues and points out the historical distinction of an initial project of a nation, by television, which gradually became commercialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to shed light on two works by writer Andrés Neuman, Una vez Argentina, published in 2003, and El viajero del siglo, published in 2009, based on two important theoretical issues for contemporary comparative studies, namely the idea of literature as expanded field and the debates about the concept of Weltliteratur. In this sense, I seek to observe, in the referred narratives of the Spanish-Argentine author, how the conceptions of national identity and literature break with binary oppositions constructed between what is own and what is alien, from an expanded field perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the ideas of Walter Mignolo, Thomas Pollock, Philippe Caron, and Juan Hansen, we examine the semantic transformations that gradually brought the term "literature" close to the notion of literary art. Observing the predominance of nationalist-aesthetic criteria in Brazilian literary historiography, we highlight the resistance to Candido's historiographical approach on the part of Hansen, Haroldo de Campos, and Teixeira Gomes, taking into account Jauss' reflections on literary histories that pursue the Romantic objective of national fulfilment. On the basis of Eni Orlandi's considerations on the official prevalence of Portuguese and Spanish in the former colonies, we reflect on her proposal regarding colonial language as a disjunction between an actual difference and a homogenizing imaginary. We then transfer that proposal to the field of literature in order to establish points of contact among the ideas of dichotomy of the colonial world (Fanon), the heterogeneity and fragmentation inherent to that world (Cornejo), and the semantic compensation that, in colonial discourse, leads the difference to the recognizable (Hansen). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the impacts of Prudente de Moraes, neto's conception of "sincerity" in three different occasions of Brazilian nationalist essayism: firstly on the "valorizagao do preto", of Gilberto Freyre; secondly on the idealization of the "cordial man", by Sergio Buarque de Holanda; and, finally, on the debates realized by the review Cultura Política under the years of the Estado Novo (1937- 1945). This "sincerity" does not consist in any kind of intimacy or even in some moralism promoted by the author. On the contrary, it is one of the main outspreads of the surrealist André Breton's poetics and of the conceps of Freud in the Brazilian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pioneers in performing international pop styles in Portugal, the group Heróis do Mar initiated an historical revisionism of the Portuguese Discoveries, exalting both the spirit of crusade and the so-called Portuguese universalism. Assuming that audiovisual culture was a key element in the Portuguese cultural life in the 1980s, and that the Portuguese Discoveries found in pop music a new form of transmission and celebration, in this article I analyze the emergence of Portuguese nationalist pop through the practices, rituals, and discourses of Heróis do Mar, a group that developed a peculiar relationship between pop music, nation, and the uses of History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article aims to analyze teaching manuals produced by teachers of the National Institute of the Deaf (INES) in Brazil during the period called Estado Novo. At that time, a nationalistic linguistic policy strongly affected speakers of other languages (mainly immigrants). We have based our analyses, above all, on the theoretical proposal of the History of Linguistic Ideas, focusing on the production of manuals (Puech, 1998) of oral language teaching for deaf students. The period is large-scale marked by the nationalism to be built around the national language, namely Portuguese, and by the elaborated and educated Brazilian voice cult. The nationalist proposal would not be outside the school for the deaf. Its methodology would be embodied in the oral view. However, we can observe that the presence of a methodology based on the use of signals was not denied by the book authors; being considered, however, adequate for those deaf considered "deprived intelligence" or out of conditions for learning oral language. Thus, a deaf Brazilian identity was created (Witchs, 2014): a deaf person who spoke the national language and was able to sustain herself/himself with the strength of her/his own work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at investigating the reasons why Nietzsche advocates positions of the Enlightenment Philosophy in the middle period of his work. For this purpose, it examines the role of the Franco-Prussian war and its consequences for the conceptual framework in philosophers thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses about how the Cuban writer and poet Reinaldo Arenas handles the imprecise borders between history and literature in the novells O Mundo Alucinante (1996), succeeding to approach by fiction historical contemporary problems confronted by the author in the context of the Cuban Revolution (1959). It seeks to demonstrate that Arenas entered the nationalist debate of his time by the means of soup opera, introducing an option to the imaginary revolutionary nation in an inclusive perspective regarding the sexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]