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Schemes of arrangement are a hybrid figure, long established in English law, that include an agreement between the debtor and its creditors and a judicial mechanism for restructuring. They have been gradually used by English and foreign companies, especially after the 2007-08 financial crisis. Before Brexit, there was a debate as to whether schemes of arrangement should be recognised under European Union insolvency regulations, in judgments in civil or commercial matters, or as an agreement establishing contractual obligations. After Brexit, the debate on the recognition of schemes of arrangement outside the United Kingdom has surfaced again, and the issue is being re-examined under other legal instruments of public and private international law and, particularly, of national law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study proposed to research on Business Plan (BP). Then, the general goal traced was investigate the scientific production on BP in EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) Platform among years by 2008 and 2019. As specific objectives were established: identify publications for journal, author, year, idiom, country and economy branch quantitative; observer the journal quantitative connected with the company implementation and development; check more cited authors; determine the concepts main raised on each article. On seen this, the chosen methodology was integrative bibliographic review, reaching 25 publications total. Then, the diagnostic generated the results following: the detached academic magazines were Plos One and Sustainability; computed the quantitative of 25 authors acting the majority on partner on same article; the year of 2017 standed out among too much; the English idiom had largest percent (88%); the United Kingdom overcoated among the countries; economy branch with higher rate of action was informatics/technology; 80% of the publications directed to company implementation/development; there was a stagnation on productivity of more cited authors; it had produced schedule research, with the topics: relation Volunteers Organizations and BP, Coaching on Business Plan, Business Plan in Brazil, BP in economy's primary sector and BP in economy's third sector. Thus, it concludes that the Business Plan reveals itself like a thematic of productivity's rate higher for world level, exercising a contribution huge in organizations' implementation/development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gambling in British history and the way in which the country has approached this multi-faceted phenomenon may be divided into different moments, each marked by their own social and political attitude in terms of the way in which the activity was perceived socially and how it should be tackled by the government. The following article makes a historical and legal-dogmatic analysis of the various types of legislation, doctrines, and policies on gambling to present, analyze, and catalogue these different moments, exposing the general attitude to the activity at the time, as well as the social, political, and economic shifts that conditioned them and the impact these had on the norms and policies of each era. In the end, we observe that, despite the discrepancies between the legal situation and the social reality of gambling throughout the United Kingdom's history, it is possible to point to three different systems applied to gambling. These are: the prohibitionist system, the restrictive system of social regulation, and the liberal system of economic regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a qualitative review of research on science capital considering 51 studies with topics related to this concept, between 2015 and 2021. In addition to the increase in research evidenced by the number of publications on the topic during this period, and the dominance of the United Kingdom in leading research in the area, we observed that topics associated to science capital vary from choosing careers in science, identifying with science and promoting a science culture, to the role of school in developing science capital and the ways to evaluate it. It is common for science engagement, associated to science capital, to be seen through the alignment of three important Bourdieusian concepts: capital, habitus and field. In this sense, due to the relevance that the topic has had in science research, we assert the importance of a systematic review that can provide an overview of current investigations involving science capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article follows up on the book The French Anarchists in London, 1880-1914 (2013), by exploring some primary material uncovered since this publication, and considering the ways in which research into the history of anarchism as a transnational movement has evolved. In the years since the publication of this book, a great deal of research has furthered or challenged its findings, especially in relation to print culture and the study of global anarchist networks. The mass digitisation of periodicals (both anarchist and mainstream) and archives in the last ten years offers new tools to find detailed information about the personal and political lives of these elusive anarchists in London - and further afield, thus rectifying the original study's London-centric focus. These sources are also crucial in documenting the ways in which anarchists were perceived and portrayed in Britain, France and internationally, and constructed into a major public threat through media discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, this work investigates the relationship between patterns of integration into the host language and country and L1 phonological adaptability. An analysis of the BP VOT production, originally short (short lag), by first-generation Brazilian immigrants in the UK (N = 24), an English-dominant context, a long VOT language (long lag), was conducted. Acoustic analysis, VOT measurement in milliseconds, is reported. For inferential statistical analysis, three Bayesian linear regression models with mixed effects were fitted. The models predict, with high credibility, increases in the BP VOT duration over time, with a larger increase predicted for the group of speakers affiliated with the L2-dominant context. The data indicates that there is logical consistency to the hypothesis that phonology is driven/affected by use and, consequently, is sensitive to the context/environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses the construction of the concept field in the electromagnetic theory, in the second half of the 19th century, in Great Britain. The representation of fields by tubes was so fundamental to the british thoght that it motivated research led by William Thomson, later refined by Joseph John Thomson, to represent matter by atoms composed of tubes, which culminated in J. J. Thomson's model of the atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ICT convergence process generated in a group of corporations a high degree of concentration on a global scale, where big data is their main resource. USA, United Kingdom and EU regulations have had a limited impact on their results and show significant asymmetries between the control agencies and these companies. This study presents the business models of the platforms, and the rationale for USA, United Kingdom and EU policies. We conclude that the main shortcoming of the new regulatory proposals is the failure to consider big data as a public good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To map, from the literature, health systems and services worldwide, characterizing them as to the type of social protection, service provision, organizational structure of the PHC and origin of financing. Methods: This is a Scoping Review of databases: Virtual Health Library, Embase, ProQuest, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The descriptors and their combinations were used Health Systems, Health Services, Structure of Services and Primary Health Care, between 2009 and 2019, available in Spanish, French, English, Portuguese. They were analyzed considering study objectives, type of social protection, service provision, structure and organization of Primary Health Care and financing. Results: Twelve studies that followed the research proposal were included. The systems shown are related to the countries Iraq, Ecuador, Denmark, Argentina, Netherlands, Canada, Ireland, Belgium, France, Sweden, United Kingdom and Italy. Conclusion: Among the health systems and services of the analyzed countries, some are guided by the market model, others by the public offer of health care and there are those that integrate the two models. Health systems must offer services that reach the entire population, organized based on Primary Health Care. Those who adopt the social security model are the closest to this scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tharticle is investigates the social function of journalism through the Tambury Gazette, fictional representation of a free, local printed newspaper in a small town in the United Kingdom, in the Netflix series After Life series. With subtext about issues such as journalism as a media company and the work routine of a newspaper, we observe the relationship of the protagonist journalist with the modest newspaper where he works, as well as the relevance of the vehicle to his community and his target audience, the elderly. In addition to the administrative, professional and deontological aspects addressed, it's possible to highlight a more general aspect problematized by the series: the individual effort of professionals to renew the journalistic field, especially from the relationship between reporters Tony, a veteran in the job, and Sandy, a beginner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe current clinical practices related to the use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy by Brazilian pediatric intensivists and compare them with those in other countries. Methods: A questionnaire was administered to pediatric intensivists in North and South America, Asia, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand for the main study. We compared the Brazilian cohort with cohorts in the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom, and India Results: Overall, 501 physicians responded, 127 of which were in Brazil. Only 63.8% of respondents in Brazil had a high-flow nasal cannula available, in contrast to 100% of respondents in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. The attending physician was responsible for the decision to start a high-flow nasal cannula according to 61.2% respondents in Brazil, 95.5% in the United Kingdom, 96.6% in the United States, 96.8% in Canada, and 84.7% in India. A total of 62% of respondents in Brazil, 96.3% in the United Kingdom, 96.6% in the United States, 96.8% in Canada, and 84.7% in India reported that the attending physician was responsible for the decision to wean or modify the high-flow nasal cannula settings. When high-flow nasal cannula therapy failed due to respiratory distress/failure, 82% of respondents in Brazil would consider a trial of noninvasive ventilation before endotracheal intubation, compared to 93% in the United Kingdom, 88% in the United States, 91.5% in Canada, and 76.8% in India. More Brazilian intensivists (6.5%) than intensivists in the United Kingdom, United States, and India (1.6% for all) affirmed using sedatives frequently with high-flow nasal cannulas. Conclusion: The availability of high-flow nasal cannulas in Brazil is still not widespread. There are some divergences in clinical practices between Brazilian intensivists and their colleagues abroad, mainly in processes and decision-making about starting and weaning high-flow nasal cannula therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of approaches around ideology functioning, discourse, and subjectivity converged into the cinematographic studies in the 1970s, in France and Great Britain. Such development and convergence happened with the political engagement of intellectuals, starting from the influence of Louis Althusser and Jacques Lacan. This retrospective brings back one of the most important perspectives in the Cinematographic Studies, the Screen Theory, which emerges from the aforementioned decade through the ideas of two Screen Magazine editors, Colin MacCabe and Stephen Heath. In this theory it is made explicit the influence of the French philosopher Michel Pêcheux and the consequences of his "subject position" in Screen Theory's theoretical debates. The re-evaluation of Lacan's Other and Althusser's Universal Subject, and its development into Pêcheux's "subject position" concept, are paramount contributions to the Brazilian materialistic perspective of discursivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years of 1821, 1822 and 1823, three Brazilian indigenous individuals were exhibited in the main cities in Great Britain and Ireland. A show titled Botocudo Chieftain, Wife and Child displayed a couple of indigenous Brazilian Botocudos and a 2- year-old from the Puris ethnicity. The spectacle drew a large audience to a stage where the “exotic and wild Botocudos” were presented alongside “rare birds” and a machine. By sourcing from newspapers of the period, this analysis not only reconstitutes such presentations, but also problematises the juxtaposition of the indigenous body and the machine, all of which therefore promote a reflection upon the presence/absence of the mechanic apparatus in ethnographic photography and cinema. Further, there is an addendum concerning another case of a Botocudos exhibition in which they were exposed to a machine: the 1882 Brazilian Anthropological Exhibition of the National Museum. This analysis is part of a broader research into exhibitions of indigenous Brazilians in human zoos and how such exhibitions relate to the cinema and photography of the period. Throughout the 19 th Century, human zoos were a format of mass entertainment which featured re-enactments of an exotic way of living. The non-western troupes that featured in such exhibitions travelled to a great number of cities and performed in a variety of venues such as circuses, theatres, fairs and zoos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Start-up companies represent the elite of global entrepreneurship. The search for self-actualisation is what prompts entrepreneurs to start new ventures, an imagining deeply embedded in a specific set of practices related to the expression and dramatization of feeling. In this article, I focus on the category "make it happen" prevalent in start-up companies. I seek to understand this "making it happen" from an ethnographic standpoint and encompass situated and contextual meanings and practices in order to produce a more textured account of the contemporary experience of living under changing socioeconomic structures. My fieldwork was conducted in Brazil and the United Kingdom between 2014 and 2017 among young entrepreneurs and networks of investors, consultants, and experts in the making of their own start-up companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify the factors that are associated with the choice of method for the measurement of non-financial assets. To do so, a sample was selected with 150 companies from Germany, Brazil and the United Kingdom. The sample period refers to the year of adoption of IFRS in each country, being 2005 for Germany and the United Kingdom and 2010 for Brazil. The association between the accounting choices in the measurement of the non-financial assets and the country, size, profitability and level of indebtedness was verified by means of Chi-square test. The results indicate that the country, size and level of indebtedness are associated with the chosen method of measurement of non-financial assets, which was not evidenced in relation to profitability. Additionally, the results support the assumption of preference of the sample companies by the use of historical cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of British merchant shipping in the age of steam was stimulated by the employment of crews from the Indian subcontinent. Among the lowest paid in the industry, Indian seafarers were pioneering international workers who made up nearly a third of the British maritime workforce in 1937. Labelled generically as 'lascars', their employment on contracts resembling indenture reinforced their status as 'coolies', promoted the deskilling of maritime work, and instituted racialized work hierarchies in merchant shipping, which endure to this day within and beyond the industry. This article presents a brief account of the living and working conditions of subcontinental seafarers, explores the attitude of the British unions to their employment, and highlights their crucial contribution to the expansion of British imperial shipping and more generally to the maritime dimension of British imperial power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the construction of a semantic field in some activities related to the teaching of additional languages through technologies in times of social isolation in the United Kingdom. Semantic field is understood as being one of the variables of the context of situation, defined by Halliday's Systemic-Functional Linguistics (1978), responsible for the construction of the experience of the world around us and the world created in our consciousness as a result of the social practices we have experienced. The aim of this study is to analyse how the semantic field is constructed through thematic units that aim to teach the syllabus established for compulsory education in the United Kingdom. The article presents some tasks and discusses their purposes and functionality in online activities in remote education and highlights the importance of "spaced practice" as a way to help learners with the construction of linguistic knowledge in terms of vocabulary, linguistic structures, and cultural aspects that come into play within the semantic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Croft's article 'Composition is not Research' challenges a conception and ideal of compositional work in academia which has grown in prominence over several decades in the UK. As a performer-scholar, who also writes non-performancerelated scholarship, I welcome this challenge, share some of Croft's reservations about the ways in which these conceptions often manifest themselves, and also have concerns about the rushed integration of practitioners into academia and the implications for more traditional forms of scholarship. However, I find many of Croft's formulations and assumptions too narrow, and instead argue that a good deal of the process of composition and performance does constitute research - grappling with difficult questions, exploring solutions, and producing creative work which embodies these solutions and from which others can draw much of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the role of CAPES in the quality assessment in postgraduate studies (stricto sensu) and its internationalization policy, considering mainly the Institutionalization Program of Internationalization (CAPES-PrInt), without neglecting elements that indicate the existence of a process of commodification and transnationalization of higher education, with trends for the formation of a global higher education market. To illustrate this discussion, we bring some elements of this process in Brazil and the United Kingdom. We understand that there are tensions and challenges that need to be considered when adopting internationalization as a fundamental criterion that distinguishes academic quality and excellence in stricto sensu postgraduate studies, as it may imply the shaping of new Postgraduate models and the restructuring of academic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to analyze the scientific production available in international databases on telework in order to verify the volume of production and to identify the articles' focus of study through the integrative review. Scientific production is growing, with a large number of review articles (12). Regarding empirical articles, with a predominantly quantitative approach, there is a low rate of publication in public organizations. The United States and the United Kingdom top the ranking of publications, as well as the list of the most cited articles. The studies focus on the search for impacts caused by implementing telework for both the worker and the organization. There are few studies of longitudinal nature and few combining the various actors involved in telework, especially with respect to work teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research characterizes the role of editorial guidelines, codes of ethics and media accountability infrastructures in the management of quality journalism and veriied its application in Brazil and United Kingdom, from a comparative perspective. he analysis of existence, content and conditions of access to policies of editorial quality management of 42 media corporations was performed by the means of the Q-Avalia System (UFS/CNPq). Results include a ranking of the assessed corporations and are commented according to three keys of interpretation: quality as an outcome of normative policies; quality as an outcome of market competition; and quality as a simulacrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life in society is a natural imperative as human beings are not supposed nor allowed to live in isolation from their pairs. Relations of power emerge once societies are constituted by constellations of interests. Public Relations arises, thus, in the necessity of conciliating and promoting different interests among publics. Specifically, by dealing with politics, the public relations provide the logics and tools needed for a complex and uncertain environment. It also helps to turn the public opinion favourable to the accomplishment of different agents' goals. Although public relations techniques and practices have existed for millennia, the theoretical field still needs debates to diagnose and comprehend its foundations. Scholars also urge for more researches in order to suggest directions to produce innovative knowledge that effectively contributes to the development of society. The authors believe that public relations is the field of knowledge that when better understood and operationalized can promote it for its ability to deal with distinct interests among publics. In this sense, not only the (in)congruencies between public relations and politics have impacted agents doing politics, but also required a better comprehension and understanding about the state of the knowledge. Given this, the paper aims to answer the following research question: how scientific production that deals with public relations and politics in conjunction is characterised? Methodologically, the article takes the premise that the publication of academic papers is the most used and valued instrument by researchers who want to publicize the results of their investigations. It is also understood that it is the way for a specific field to lay its foundations and become both recognised and established among a community of scholars. To assess the academic production that deals both with politics and public relations, a quantitative approach was carried out in 2,291 articles and reviews published between 1937 and 2019 in journals indexed in the Scopus database, extending the analysis made by previous scientific reviews. The bibliometrics analysis encompassed the evaluation of citations, co-authorship and co-occurrence of words. Four stages of research were identified in the paper (1937-1982; 1983-1996; 1997-2004; 2005-up-to-date) and the results indicate that the number of publications follows a growing trend presenting maturity in the study of both themes conjoint. Broadly, researches deal with multidisciplinary issues and are not limited to the field of Communication, encompassing streams of research in the following areas: Humans Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Health, Natural and Medical Sciences. The most referenced papers deal with confidence and risk in democracies, network analysis, public opinion and media, and relationship management. It was also found a humanistic approach to organisations' management and a more pragmatist approach regarding the profession. The results also bring differences in comparison to previous researches that had established two schools of thought; the American pragmatist and the French critical schools. This article points to two schools of thinking regarding public relations and politics, which may be established in the United States and the United Kingdom. However, the paper does not claim that the effort presented is closed to new insights but asks for qualitative researches to have a deeper understanding of the quantitative analysis employed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connections between Work Relationships and People Management are inevitable, since both involve interactions in the work context. This study aimed to map the scientific production of the areas indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database from 2000 to 2017. From a quantitative-descriptive bibliometric analysis, it was examined the behavior of the national and international literature in relation to its temporal distribution, by language and periodicals, as well as frequency of authorship and keywords. The main results are: expressive growth in publications; predominance of English-language journals and journals from the United Kingdom and North America; and prevalence of English as the mother language of the main authors. The subjects highlighted were: relations with trade unions, innovation and studies focused on countries with economies in expansion (in the international context); labor market, sustainability, culture and organizational climate, diversity, expatriation (in the national context). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural turn that marked the Humanities and Social Sciences in some European countries in the 1960s and 1970s was only established institutionally in Portugal in the late twentieth century. Yet, that turn had an early echo in certain Portuguese intellectual circles. The aim of this essay is to present the first initiatives and figures that introduced such ideas and guidelines in Portugal. It starts with a brief overview of the emergence of Cultural Studies in France and Great Britain. Then it presents the first initiatives and figures that welcomed in Portugal those research programs in a peripheral political and social context characterized by an authoritarian regime implicated in a colonial war. Finally, the paper highlights the role played by university students, writers, publishers and journals of culture and literature outside of the establishment, which emphasize the importance of margins and alternative environments in processes of cultural and scientific reception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the last thirty years of Argentine foreign policy over the Malvinas Islands, from the restart of bilateral relations between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1989. We look at the stages of foreign policy, starting from the voices of decision-makers of different governments, rereading the changes and continuities of the Malvinas Question in their different historical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid libraries allow a greater interaction between the professional practice and the users of an information unit. In this sense, they are information links between traditional and digital libraries. Due to their greater flexibility in offering services and products, they must be studied using a rich methodology that can be adapted to the form and statements stemmed from those environments. Its social perspective provides the organizational structure with policies for the development of communities, also contributing to a good functioning of the institution. In that perspective, the research question of this paper refers to the potential of hybrid libraries for society. The discourse analysis based on Orlandi, that revises the works of Foucault and Pêcheux in advertising, enables the analysis of the discourse of the Central Library at Liverpool in the United Kingdom. This institution, through the inclusion of another information unit such as the archive, reflects the ideal of a hybrid library to be applied in other information units. The analysis found that the adaptation of other information units such as archives to the hybrid library environment affects the ability of users to discover new information and investigate the information that the library is providing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to rescue the historical moment in which hydrographic basins turn out to be considered as spatial units for planning and regionalization of the territory. Hydrographic basins have scientifically been chosen as structure of morphological differentiation of the Earth's crust since the seventeenth century pari passu the migration of the world-system of the Mediterranean up to Northern Europe in a time of effective imperialist struggle between France and Great Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aware of the contribution of the literate elite to British imperialism, this paper investigates, by examination of fictional texts and essays by Victorian writers and literary critics such as Alfred Tennyson and Matthew Arnold, the instrumentality of gender in the invention of racial difference that sought to justify the colonization of Ireland. Through the sources investigated, we found that the Celts were feminized as antitheses of the "manly" Anglo-Saxons because of their alleged emotional and intellectual weakness, being thus equated to metropolitan women in representations which amalgamated racism and sexism. Thanks to the concatenation between racial and gender stereotypes, the antinomy male/female allowed the elaboration of disjunctions aimed at naturalizing asymmetries between empire and colony under the alibis of "natural" gender complementarity and hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article exemplifies what is here understood as a political activity of Judiciary with recent changes on three different legal systems of judicial review around the world. At first, some notions of the political and its dimension on constitutional adjudication are presented. Next, changes on the the judicial review system of three foreign experiences are shown, in order to suggest that the judiciary has assumed a central role regarding decision-making on political issues (in particular, by strenghtening its jurisdiction on judicial review). The relationship between the political activity and the foreign experiences is done for these changes seems to represent something relevant that has been happening on adjudication, which is not exclusive of the Brazilian legal and political scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital theory emphasizes interpersonal trust as a facilitator of cooperation among individuals, crucial for the formation of autonomous associations within civil society and for the engagement of citizens in public affairs. Despite the importance of trust for the concept of social capital, recent empirical research has been demonstrating that its effect on civic participation is weak, at best. This paper suggests an interactive model, where the effect of trust is conditioned by motivational aspects of participation (expectations of benefits and perceptions of costs). Using data from the 2005 British Election Study (BES), a survey conducted in the United Kingdom, I test the conditional effect of interpersonal trust on individuals' willingness to engage in different types of collective action. The findings point to a conditional effect of trust that varies not only according to motivation variables, but also depending on the type of engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the foreign pressure to end Brazilian Slavery, approaching the partisan role of the Whigs' quakers and their humanitarianism that allegedly supersedes military or commercial interests, underscoring the importance of power to the enforcement of values and interests that shape an international regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on how Brazilians in London, who moved on the migratory project of working, saving money and return, readapt their aims after a period in the host society. Therefore, the text aims to understand the limits of analysis on Brazilian immigration based on the theoretical framework push-pull, which highlight economic reasons as the main points to define Brazilian migrants. Through participative observations and interviews, it was possible to comprehend how Brazilians once introduced new priorities in their lives, and thus reshape their lifestyle in London, their initial idea of working/saving money become somehow secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper refers to the theoretical and methodological legacies of British Cultural Studies in order to review the anchors that make this school and promoting a critical debate between culturalism and structuralism in order to realize the possibilities of analysis that reveal, as well as gaps that such linkages may present. This discussion is also about the epistemological level, referring to debates about the foundations of scientific knowledge and the importance of building a research grounded in a critical reflection on its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the determinants of the ways to conduct working capital practices in micro and small enterprises (MSEs), using the foundations of firm life cycle, resource based view, trade credit, agency and transaction cost theories. The data obtained from a survey with 447 MSEs from the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo were analyzed using multivariate techniques, and four styles of working capital management were identified. These styles may be explained by firm characteristics such as age, size and profitability. The results were compared to the ones obtained in a similar study with UK firms (Howorth & Westhead, 2003), and the evidence shows important differences: (a) Brazilian firms revise most working capital management routines more frequently than their counterparts in the UK; (b) Brazilian MSEs supply less trade credit than their British counterparts. These differences may be explained, at least in part, by the higher cost of financing faced by Brazilian firms compared to UK firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the reading of Sharon Hutchinson's monograph on the nuer, this article explores the misunderstandings between contemporary anthropology and the modern classics. it tries to identify invisible genealogies that go back to the British functionalists, particularly to Evans-Pritchard, and minimizes the explicit oppositions between the present and the past of anthropology . it reveals that some classical notions are detectable in non-explicit ways among those who claim to reject them and, at the same time, that contemporary concerns have their roots in modern ethnographies. The author shows that static approaches -- as the one by Evans-Pritchard on the nuer -- had a historical meaning and recalls that British social anthropology had its own theoretical and methodological answers to the transformations of African contexts under colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes St Mark at Lakenham, in Norwick, England, in order to explore religious and aesthetic aspects of the so called “Gothic Revival” on Victorian era. From field research performed in 2008 and 2010, it was possible to find traits in the church to understand this moment of European thoughts, especially a contradiction between the idea of rescuing a medieval past and the possibility of doing so: St Mark was built in 1844, but in gothic style; is covered with flit, a regional stone used in medieval churches, but its internal structure is of bricks, its furniture and adornment are made in order to look medieval, but adapted to XIX taste. The text approaches the subject by taking as basis the relation between Tractarian movement into XIX Anglicanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delirium remained a stable psychiatric category until the early 19th century when it underwent aetiological and phenomenological redefinition, precipitating the transformation of the functional insanities into psychoses. Confusion, introduced by the French during the second half of the century, referred to a syndrome wider than (but including) delirium. It emphasized chaotic thinking and cognitive failure. The notion of clouding of consciousness (and tempora-spatial disorientation) established a common denominator for the two concepts, while Chaslin and Bonhoeffer redefined confusion and delirium asthe stereotyped manifestations of acute brain failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most notable evidence of the extensive Scandinavian settlement in England is the large number of places that bear Scandinavian names. The Scandinavian invasions and settlements took place during the 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries and resulted in many place-names of Scandinavian origin in the North and East of England. The Vikings came to Britain from two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Norway, the Danes settling principally in East Anglia, the East Midlands, and a large part of Yorkshire, while the Norwegians were mainly concentrated in the North-West, especially around the islands and coasts of Scotland, Ireland and western England (Lancashire and Cumbria). The Old Norse, a language from which both Danish and Norwegian are derived, was spoken (with dialect variations) by the Viking settlers who occupied many places in the north of the British Isles during the Viking Age (spanning the late 8th to 11th centuries). In its general structure Old Norse was very similar to Old English, the two languages representing the northern and western divisions of Germanic at a comparable stage of heir evolution. The aim of the present paper is to give an account of recent researches dealing with the Scandinavian origins of place-names in the British Isles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initiatives concerning the development of Green Chemistry began in the early 1999, mainly in the United States, Britain and Italy, with the introduction of new concepts and values for the various fundamental activities of Chemistry, as well as for different sectors of correlated industrial and economic activities. Brazil has several competitive advantages to assume a leadership in developing products from biomass, given its megabiodiversity, its solar radiation intensity and climate diversity. Additionally, the country is pioneer in biofuels production from biomass in large scale, especially ethanol from sugarcane. In fact, several opportunities of green innovations by adding value to raw materials have been identified for the country. These opportunities when implemented will contribute to a significant change - from a commodity export economy to an innovative market oriented economy based on high-value bioproducts and bioprocesses - the bioeconomy. In this context, this paper presents a future vision for the development of Green Chemistry in Brazil and a proposal for creating the Green Chemistry Brazilian Network and the Brazilian School of Green Chemistry, within the context of a national strategy for developing this area in Brazil covering the period of twenty years, from 2010 to 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug safety profile is an important theme throughout the world. Recently, it has gained importance in the field of veterinary medicines. In Brazil, Ministry of Agriculture Law SDA 152/2008 submitted to the public consultation the draft of a National Program of Veterinary Pharmacovigilance. Taking into consideration the health risk to exposed human beings, the objectives of this paper are: characterization of veterinary pharmacovigilance and its usefulness for the Public Health, the description of established veterinary pharmacovigilance programs from the United States of America, the European Union and the United Kingdom, and the analysis of the Brazilian Program of veterinary pharmacovigilance draft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to build a typology for internationalization processes by combining two theoretical fields of the behavioral approach of internationalization that have evolved separately: the relational model of internationalization and the literature of subsidiary development. We developed a comparative case study with 12 British multinational firms that operate in the Brazilian market. This study was based on a vast secondary data collection coupled with 42 semi-structured interviews carried out with individuals from headquarters and subsidiaries. The individual data analysis involved the mapping of internationalization processes, which relied on the mode of operation as the critical event. In its turn, the comparative analysis involved defining the dimensions of the typology and associating its groups with the researched cases. As a result, the internationalization processes were classified into four typological groups which enabled us to delve into the spatial and temporal dimensions of firm internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the current strategic dilemmas of Great Britain and their relation with the international ambitions of that country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the article discusses the dispute between Argentina and Great Britain over the Falkland Islands. It recommends suggestions to Union of South American Nations as to it does not legitimize the British occupation of the islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]