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1. Functional Organic Materials for Photovoltaics: The Synthesis as a Tool for Managing Properties for Solid State Applications

Author

Antonio Cardone and Agostina Lina Capodilupo

Subjects
energy, organic photovoltaics, functional organic materials, synthetic methodologies, structure-properties correlation, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

The continuous increase in the global energy demand deeply impacts the environment. Consequently, the research is moving towards more sustainable forms of energy production, storage and saving. Suitable technologies and materials are fundamental to win the challenge towards a greener and more eco-friendly society. Organic π-conjugated materials, including small molecules, oligomers and polymers are a wide and versatile class of functional materials with great potentiality, as they can be used as active matrixes in the fabrication of lightweight, flexible, cheap and large area devices. Their chemical and physical properties, both at a molecular level and mainly in the solid state, are a result of many factors, strictly related to the conjugated structure and functional groups on the backbone, which control the intermolecular forces driving solid state aggregations. The synthesis, through the molecular design, the choice of conjugated backbone and functionalization, represents the first and most powerful tool for finely tuning the chemico-physical properties of organic materials tailored for specific applications. In the present review, we report an overview of our works focused on synthetic methodologies, characterization, structure-properties correlation studies and applications of organic materials designed for energy-involving solid-state applications, organic photovoltaics in particular. The impact of functionalization on electro-optical properties and performance in device are discussed, also in relation to the specific applications.

Published
2022
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2. Lipid-Based Nanovesicles for Simultaneous Intracellular Delivery of Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Amphiphilic Species

Author

Antonella Zacheo, Luca Bizzarro, Laura Blasi, Clara Piccirillo, Antonio Cardone, Giuseppe Gigli, Andrea Ragusa, and Alessandra Quarta

Subjects
nanovesicle, nanoparticle, doxorubicin, SN-38, breast cancer, lipidomic analysis, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Lipid nanovesicles (NVs) are the first nanoformulation that entered the clinical use in oncology for the treatment of solid tumors. They are indeed versatile systems which can be loaded with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic molecules, for both imaging and drug delivery, and with high biocompatibility, and limited immunogenicity. In the present work, NVs with a lipid composition resembling that of natural vesicles were prepared using the ultrasonication method. The NVs were successfully loaded with fluorophores molecules (DOP-F-DS and a fluorescent protein), inorganic nanoparticles (quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles), and anti-cancer drugs (SN-38 and doxorubicin). The encapsulation of such different molecules showed the versatility of the developed systems. The size of the vesicles varied from 100 up to 300 nm depending on the type of loaded species, which were accommodated either into the lipid bilayer or into the aqueous core according to their hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature. Viability assays were performed on cellular models of breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Results showed that NVs with encapsulated both drugs simultaneously led to a significant reduction of the cellular activity (up to 22%) compared to the free drugs or to the NVs encapsulated with only one drug. Lipidomic analysis suggested that the mechanism of action of the drugs is the same, whether they are free or encapsulated, but administration of the drugs by means of nanovesicles is more efficient in inducing cellular damage, likely because of a quicker internalization and a sustained release. This study confirms the versatility and the potential of lipid NVs for cancer treatment, as well as the validity of the ultrasound preparation method for their preparation.

Published
2020
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3. Synthesis and Investigation of Electro-Optical Properties of H-Shape Dibenzofulvene Derivatives

Author

Maria Michela Giangregorio, Salvatore Gambino, Eduardo Fabiano, Mauro Leoncini, Antonio Cardone, Giuseppina Anna Corrente, Amerigo Beneduci, Gianluca Accorsi, Giuseppe Gigli, Maria Losurdo, Roberto Termine, and Agostina-Lina Capodilupo

Subjects
dibenzofulvene, arylamine, ellipsometry spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

We have synthetized two classes of dibenzofulvene-arylamino derivatives with an H-shape design, for a total of six different molecules. The molecular structures consist of two D-A-D units connected by a thiophene or bitiophene bridge, using diarylamino substituents as donor groups anchored to the 2,7- (Group A) and 3,6- (Group B) positions of the dibenzofulvene backbone. The donor units and the thiophene or bithiophene bridges were used as chemico-structural tools to modulate electro-optical and morphological-electrical properties. A combination of experiments, such as absorption measurements (UV-Vis spectroscopy), cyclic voltammetry, ellipsometry, Raman, atomic force microscopy, TD-DFT calculation and hole-mobility measurements, were carried out on the synthesized small organic molecules to investigate the differences between the two classes and therefore understand the relevance of the molecular design of the various properties. We found that the anchoring position on dibenzofulvene plays a crucial key for fine-tuning the optical, structural, and morphological properties of molecules. In particular, molecules with substituents in 2,7 positions (Group A) showed a lower structural disorder, a larger molecular planarity, and a lower roughness.

Published
2022
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4. A Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Approach for Texture Directionality Detection

Author

Marcin Kociołek, Michał Kozłowski, and Antonio Cardone

Subjects
directionality detection, texture, convolutional neural networks, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The perceived texture directionality is an important, not fully explored image characteristic. In many applications texture directionality detection is of fundamental importance. Several approaches have been proposed, such as the fast Fourier-based method. We recently proposed a method based on the interpolated grey-level co-occurrence matrix (iGLCM), robust to image blur and noise but slower than the Fourier-based method. Here we test the applicability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to texture directionality detection. To obtain the large amount of training data required, we built a training dataset consisting of synthetic textures with known directionality and varying perturbation levels. Subsequently, we defined and tested shallow and deep CNN architectures. We present the test results focusing on the CNN architectures and their robustness with respect to image perturbations. We identify the best performing CNN architecture, and compare it with the iGLCM, the Fourier and the local gradient orientation methods. We find that the accuracy of CNN is lower, yet comparable to the iGLCM, and it outperforms the other two methods. As expected, the CNN method shows the highest computing speed. Finally, we demonstrate the best performing CNN on real-life images. Visual analysis suggests that the learned patterns generalize to real-life image data. Hence, CNNs represent a promising approach for texture directionality detection, warranting further investigation.

Published
2022
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5. Synthetic Aspects and Electro-Optical Properties of Fluorinated Arylenevinylenes for Luminescence and Photovoltaics

Author

Antonio Cardone, Carmela Martinelli, Vita Pinto, and Gianluca M. Farinola

Subjects
arylenevinylenes, fluorinated materials, Stille cross-coupling, organic semiconductors, conjugated materials., Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

In this review, the main synthetic aspects and properties of fluorinated arylenevinylene compounds, both oligomers and polymers, are summarized and analyzed. Starting from vinyl organotin derivatives and aryl halides, the Stille cross-coupling reaction has been successfully applied as a versatile synthetic protocol to prepare a wide series of π-conjugated compounds, selectively fluorinated on the aromatic and/or vinylene units. The impact of fluoro-functionalization on properties, the solid state organization and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized compounds are discussed, also in comparison with the non-fluorinated counterparts. Luminescent and photovoltaic applications are also discussed, highlighting the role of fluorine on the performance of devices.

Published
2013
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6. Fluorinated Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s: Synthesis and Optical Properties of an Intriguing Class of Luminescent Polymers

Author

Gianluca M. Farinola, Antonio Cardone, Francesco Babudri, Carmela Martinelli, Francesco Naso, Giovanni Bruno, and Maria Losurdo

Subjects
poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, conjugated polymers, organic semiconductors, fluorinated polymers, synthesis, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

This review is an overview of our previous work on the synthesis and properties of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) selectively fluorinated in different positions of the conjugated backbone. Both the synthetic challenges and the effects of functionalization with fluorine atoms on the optical behavior are discussed, highlighting the peculiarities and the interest of this class of conjugated polymers. A general polymerization protocol for PPVs, that is based on the Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling reaction of bis-stannylated vinylene monomers with aromatic bis-halides, has been successfully extended to the synthesis of selectively fluorinated poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s. The properties of a series of these PPVs differing in the number and positions of the fluorine atoms on the conjugated backbone have been studied, even in comparison with the non-fluorinated counterparts. The intriguing optical features of the resulting materials are discussed considering not only the role of the electronic and steric effects induced by the fluorine substituents, but also the impact of the fluorination on the solid state organization and intermolecular interactions.

Published
2010
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7. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Herrington, William G, Staplin, Natalie, Wanner, Christoph, Green, Jennifer B, Hauske, Sibylle J, Emberson, Jonathan R, Preiss, David, Judge, Parminder, Mayne, Kaitlin J, Ng, Sarah Y A, Sammons, Emily, Zhu, Doreen, Hill, Michael, Stevens, Will, Wallendszus, Karl, Brenner, Susanne, Cheung, Alfred K, Liu, Zhi-Hong, Li, Jing, Hooi, Lai Seong, Liu, Wen, Kadowaki, Takashi, Nangaku, Masaomi, Levin, Adeera, Cherney, David, Maggioni, Aldo P, Pontremoli, Roberto, Deo, Rajat, Goto, Shinya, Rossello, Xavier, Tuttle, Katherine R, Steubl, Dominik, Petrini, Michaela, Massey, Dan, Eilbracht, Jens, Brueckmann, Martina, Landray, Martin J, Baigent, Colin, Haynes, Richard, The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent, Martin J Landray, Christoph Wanner, William G Herrington, Richard Haynes, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Martina Brueckmann, Mark Hopley, Maximillian von-Eynatten, Jyothis George, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, David Preiss, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Laiseong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Roberto Pontremoli, Aldo P Maggioni, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Stefan Hantel, Shinya Goto, Rajat Deo, Katherine R Tuttle, Michael Hill, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Xavier Rossello, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Peter Sandercock, Rudolf Bilous, Charles Herzog, Paul Whelton, Janet Wittes, Derrick Bennett, Patricia Achiri, Chrissie Ambrose, Cristina Badin, Jill Barton, Richard Brown, Andy Burke, Sebastian Butler, Rejive Dayanandan, Pia Donaldson, Robert Dykas, Lucy Fletcher, Kate Frederick, Hannah Kingston, Mo Gray, Emily Harding, Akiko Hashimoto, Lyn Howie, Susan Hurley, Ryonfa Lee, Nik Luker, Kevin Murphy, Mariko Nakahara, John Nolan, Michelle Nunn, Sorcha Mulligan, Akiko Omata, Sandra Pickworth, YanRu Qiao, Shraddha Shah, Karen Taylor, Alison Timadjer, Monique Willett, Liz Wincott, Qin Yan, Hui Yu, Louise Bowman, Fang Chen, Robert Clarke, Michelle Goonasekera, Waseem Karsan, Marion Mafham, Christina Reith, Mohammed Zayed, Ritva Ellison, Rowan Moys, Will Stevens, Kevin Verdel, Karl Wallendszus, Chris Bowler, Anna Brewer, Andy Measor, Guanguo Cui, Charles Daniels, Angela Field, Bob Goodenough, Ashley Lawson, Youcef Mostefai, Dheeptha Radhakrishnan, Samee Syed, Shuang Xia, Ruth Adewuyi-Dalton, Thomas Arnold, Anne-Marie Beneat, Anoushka Bhatt, Chloe Bird, Andrew Breach, Laura Brown, Mark Caple, Tatyana Chavagnon, Karen Chung, Sarah Clark, Luminita Condurache, Katarzyna Eichstadt, Marta Espino Obrero, Scarlett Forest, Helen French, Nick Goodwin, Andrew Gordon, Joanne Gordon, Cat Guest, Tina Harding, Michal Hozak, Matthew Lacey, David MacLean, Louise Messinger, Stewart Moffat, Martin Radley, Claire Shenton, Sarah Tipper, Jon Tyler, Lesley Weaving, James Wheeler, Elissa Williams, Tim Williams, Hamish Woodhouse, Angela Chamberlain, Jo Chambers, Joanne Davies, Denise Donaldson, Pati Faria-Shayler, Denise Fleming-Brown, Jennifer Ingell, Carol Knott, Anna Liew, Helen Lochhead, Juliette Meek, Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller, Andrea Wilson, Patrick Zettergren, Rach AitSadi, Ian Barton, Alex Baxter, Yonghong Bu, Lukasz Danel, Sonja Grotjahn, Rijo Kurien, Michael Lay, Archie Maskill, Aleksandra Murawska, Rachel Raff, Allen Young, Rebecca Sardell, Vladimir Cejka, Marcela Fajardo-Moser, Christian Hartner, Doris Poehler, Janina Renner, Franziska Scheidemantel, Miya Bryant, Anita Hepditch, Cassandra Johnson, Erin Latore, Yolanda Miller, Lauren Price, Merilee Whalen, Ashleigh Wheeler, Jenny Ingell, Yu An, Yinghua Chen, Peiling Chen, Hao Dai, Hong Du, Fang Feng, Qing Guo, Libo Hou, Wuhanbilige Hundei, Binbin Jin, Yan Li, Jiamin Liu, Xia Song, Yanping Wang, Yanwu Yu, Ning Zhang, Lingshan Zhao, Hui Zhong, Cheng Beng Goh, Ye Mun Low, Soon Yi Sor, Farah Hanis Zulkipli, Sarojini Sivanandam, Natsuki Arai, Ai Fukasawa, Mizue Furukawa, Keisuke Habuki, Shoko Hayashi, Wakako Isari, Saki Kanegae, Maria Kawai, Reiki Kobayashi, Takako Kuramae, Chika Kuribayashi, Sawako Maeno, Satoshi Masumoto, Tomoko Morisaki, Minoru Oda, Kazue Sawada, Kenta Sugamori, Ayana Tatsuzawa, Aiko Tomita, Kazuyuki Yuasa, Hiroko Inazawa, Amanda Axler, Kerri Gallo, Ester Baldini, Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti, Francesca Bianchini, Martina Ceseri, Laura Cipressa, Gianna Fabbri, Andrea Lorimer, Donata Lucci, Sharang Ghavampour, Anja Knoppe, Hans Schmidt-Gurtler, Hubert Dumann, Sybille Merscher, Margret Patecki, Georg Rainer Schlieper, Anke Torp, Bianca Weber, Maja Zietz, Bernd Hohenstein, Urs Benck, Diliana Draganova, Thomas Weinreich, Lothar Wolf, Jasmine Gaidu, Hanna Reiner, Mandy Visnjic, Daniel Steffl, Marie Breitenfeldt, Annette Kraemer-Guth, Christine Braun, Simone Hagge, Michael Schomig, Stephan Matthias, Dominik Stoffler, Beate Schumacher, Thomas Sitter, Louise Fuessl, Julia Krappe, Jerome Loutan, Volker Vielhauer, Luciano Andriaccio, Magdalena Maurer, Bernhard Winkelmann, Martin Dursch, Linda Seifert, Linda Tenbusch, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Simone Boedecker, Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling, Daniel Kraus, Carina Krieger, Margit Schmude, Anne Schreiber, Ewelina Eckrich, Diethelm Tschope, Abdulwahab Arbi, Young Lee-Barkey, Bernd Stratmann, Natalie Prib, Sina Rolfsmeier, Irina Schneider, Lars Rump, Johannes Stegbauer, Christine Pötz, Mara Schemmelmann, Claudia Schmidt, Michael Koch, Sendogan Aker, Annika Küpper, Manuela Martin, Thiemo Pfab, Christian Albert, Michael Haase, Barbara Zander, Claudia Schneider-Danwitz, Wolfgang Seeger, Wolf-Adam Seeger, Britta Zemann, Christoph Stellbrink, Kristin Marx, Ekaterina Stellbrink, Britta Brettschneider, Stephanie Watson, Marion Iselt, Gerhard Klausmann, Inga-Nadine Kummer, Auguste Kutschat, Simone Streitenberger, Matthias Girndt, Silke Markau, Ina Girakossyan, Claudia Hanf, Joachim Beige, Ralph Wendt, Ulrike Schmidt, Andreas Schneider, Roland Veelken, Claudia Donhauser, Luis Becker, Nexhat Miftari, Ricarda Wolfling, Sarah Morlok, Christian Hugo, Alexander Paliege, Jens Passauer, Julian Stumpf, Annegret Fleischer, Kerstin Haaser, Bernhard Kraemer, Jan Jochims, Bernd Kruger, Claudia Foellinger, Anastassiya Reisler, Frank Strutz, Stefan Haack, Ursula Hohenstatt, Martin Busch, Konstantin Herfurth, Gunter Wolf, Rainer Paul, Hermann Haller, Jessica Kaufeld, Jan Menne, Elisabeth Bahlmann-Kroll, Angela Bergner, Horst Weihprecht, Aydin Er, Florian Sonntag, Elif Turan, Michael Wittmann, Franziska Klauser, Eva Voigt, Volker Schettler, Egbert Schulz, Madlen Rohnstock, Elke Schettler, Bernd Schroppel, Rene van Erp, Martin Kachele, Ulla Ludwig, Lena Schulte-Kemna, Waltraud Kmietschak, Elke Preiss, Martina Ruocco, Gunnar Heine, Martin Brzoska, Sebastian Gabel, Christina Büttner, Asma Sabarai, Bernhard Banas, Tobias Bergler, Yvonne Ehrl, Franz Putz, Antonia Schuster, Stefanie Kuhn, Torsten Schramm, Stefan Degenhardt, Gerhard Schmidt, Lea Weiland, Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell, Jan Kielstein, Gabriele Eden, Brigitte Fuchs, Gina Morig, Manuela Winkler, Harald Darius, Charalampos Kriatselis, Carl-Philipp Roesch, Astrid Maselli, Dominik Alscher, Markus Ketteler, Moritz Schanz, Severin Schricker, Bianka Rettenmaier, Andrea Schwab, Pablo Pergola, Irene Leal, Melissa Cagle, Anna Romo, Anthony Torres, Sucharit Joshi, Kulli Barrett, Alexis Africano, Vicki Dodds, Dorleena Gowen, Ashlee Morris, Juan Fernandez, Guillermo Jimenez, Ricardo Viera, Kendaling Bruce, Ryan Barrios, Maylin Garcia, Kerelyn Garcia, Iradis Leal, David Tietjen, David Bains, Carlo Castillo, Genielle Brewer, Justin Davis, Natalie Freking, Brittany Golson, Sally Ham, Jesslyn Roesch, Pusadee Suchinda, Shameem Beigh, Usah Lilavivat, Joyce Bilton, Kim Bocchicchia, Jeffrey Turner, Neera Dahl, Aldo Peixoto, Yasemin Kavak, Lauren Liberti, Hari Nair, Nicolas Page, Stephanie Rosenberg, Kathryn Simmons, Tamara Isakova, Rebecca Frazier, Rupal Mehta, Anand Srivastava, Patrick Fox, Jonathan Hecktman, Alexander Hodakowski, Carlos Martinez, Rachel Phillips, Alexis Stevenson, Reem Mustafa, Kyle Jansson, Cassandra Kimber, Jason Stubbs, Ahmad Tuffaha, Sri Yarlagadda, Debbie Griffin, Elisabeth Laundy, Zhuo Tang, Radica Alicic, Ann Cooper, Lisa Davis, Ashwini Gore, Rebecca Goldfaden, Leslie Harvill, Lisa Hichkad, Barry Johns, Thomas Jones, Kayla Merritt, Jennifer Sheldon, Jennifer Stanfield, Lindsay Alexander, Kaitlyn Preston, Lindsey Wood, Rajesh Pradhan, Roger DeRaad, Kelli McIntosh, Louis Raymond, Michael Shepperd, Susan McLaughlin, Mary Seifert, Andrew Shepherd, Joseph Aiello, William Durham, Laurie Loudermilk, John Manley, Sabrina Burnette, Stephanie Evans, Tara Johnson, Lance Sloan, Judy Ann Acosta, Stacy Gillham, Katia Sloan, SueAnn Squyres, Michael Rocco, Amret Hawfield, Ben Bagwell, Lauren Richmond, Joseph Soufer, Subha Clarke, Amanda Aliu, Kristine Calabrese, Amanda Davis, Veronica Poma, Tracy Spinola, James Magee, Ricardo Silva, Rushab Choksi, Lorraine Dajani, John Evans, Anil George, Prasanth Krish, Gerard Martins, Mae Sheikh-Ali, David Sutton, Freda Driver, Abraham Hanburry, Laura Hume, Amber Hurst, Matthew Taddeo, Marla Turner, Veronica Yousif, Srinivasan Beddhu, Laith Al-Rabadi, Nikita Abraham, Amalia Caamano, Judy Carle, Victoria Gonce, Kaitlyn Staylor, Na Zhou, Shweta Bansal, Manoj Bhattarai, Kumar Sharma, Subrata Debnath, Aliseiya Garza, Chakradhar Velagapudi, Sergio Rovner, Javier Almeida, Pablo Casares, Verlaine Stewart-Ray, Rene Almaraz, Renata Dayrell, Ana Moncada, Ricardo Pulido, Roxana Rodriquez, Wasim Deeb, Kathryn DeGoursey, Rodel Gloria, Trevor Greene, Robert Miller, Edward Pereira, Miguel Roura, Debbie Domingo, Sasha Dorestin, William Hodge, Cathy Jackson, Deborah Lund, Katrina Taylor, Kenneth Boren, Brittany Cleveland, Sandra Gaiser, Mandeep Sahani, Logan Aldrich, Exodus Edmerson, Edmond Limon, Cole Valletta, Patricia Vasquez, Christopher Provenzano, Navkiranjot Brar, Heather Henderson, Bellovich Keith, Qur Khai, Quresh Khairullah, Gail Makos, Joel Topf, Sherry Gasko, Rosemarie Henschel, Kaitlin Knapp, Teresa Kozlowski, Paula LaFleur, Ashwathy Varughese, Hui Xue, Patricia Wu, Olga Arechiga, Shan Darbeau, Michael Fechter, Stephanie Martinez, Lenita Hanson, Nyla Cooper, Arelis Madera, Jay Cadorna, Rita Sheridan, Helen Sparks, Bradley Eilerman, Susanne Bodine, Wael Eid, Rebecca Flora, Amber Avery, Cashmere Hardy, Mihaela Biscoveanu, Steven Nagelberg, Tracey Cummins, Frederic Rahbari-Oskoui, Anju Oommen, Zohreh Forghani, Stacie Hitchcock, Darya Hosein, Diane Watkins, Minesh Patel, Anthony Lambert, Elizabeth Newman, Autumn Wood, Tammy Ross, Stephany Topping, Jeffrey Mulhern, Lorna Murphy, Ann Vasseur, Gregory Greenwood, Alexander Hadley, Denise Laurienti, Christopher Marshall, Nicholas McLean, Scott Satko, Brandy Caudill, Jacob Maris, Janice Rogers, Cindy Vanhoy, George Thomas, Georges Nakhoul, John O'Toole, Jonathan Taliercio, Leslie Cooperman, Marina Markovic, Barbara Tucky, Devasmita Dev, Alia Hasan, Hima Yalamanchili, Namita Jain, Lesley McNeil, Eric Wines, Jean Park, Adline Ghazi, Mia Hamm, Tejas Patel, Amy Mottl, Emily Chang, Vimal Derebail, Emmie Cole, Anne Froment, Sara Kelley, Jordan Osmond Foster, Vahid Mahabadi, Golriz Jafari, Anita Kamarzarian, Wendy Arriaga, Daisy Arteaga, Rosario Machicado, Genesis Naverrete, Prashant Kumar, Imran Nazeer, Karina Urquia, Tammi Glider, Vickie Jones, Savannah Rucker, Jennifer Wiley, Rahul Pandey, Jesus Arroyo, Harish Pariani, Mohammad Ahmad, Shahin Mozaffari, Erika Perez, Matthew Budoff, Sion Roy, Divya Birudaraju, Ahmed Ghanem, Sajad Hamal, Stephen Aronoff, Elisa Joye Petr, Richard Sachson, Jaime Wiebel, Sana Akram, Laurie Jones, Curtis Knight, Maurie Tarlac, Shahbaz Ahmed, Harold Szerlip, Akinwande Akinfolarin, Ankit Mehta, Shana Camp, Cindy Castro, Zanaida Cooper, Jessica Terry, Ahmed Awad, Bhavya Kothapalli, Ryan Lustig, Serine Alfaress, Hyder Jasim, Mary Parrigon, Dennis Karounos, Sadiq Ahmed, Maggie Berry, Ruth Oremus, Carlos Hernandez-Cassis, Elias Ugwu, Nazia Junejo, Nancy Suazo, Mark Segal, Amir Kazory, Sherry Brown, Tristan Daniels, Sofia Dayi, Renee Hogan, Kathy McCray, Jennifer Stickley, Mahboob Rahman, Mirela Dobre, Lavinia Negrea, Aparna Padiyar, Nishigandha Pradhan, Arash Rashidi, Nagaraju Sarabu, Vicki Donley, Tricia Young, Godson Oguchi, Judepatricks Onyema, Kahla Damianik, Jack Dienes, Judith Plummer-Morgan, Marilyn Roman, Mauver Skipper, Stacey-Ann Villaruel, Krystle Williams, Danny Sugimoto, Jeffrey Dugas, Ismeal Ahmed, Jamie Bhairoo, Dolores Rijos, Huzaifa Salim, Madita Gavrila, Kathryn Lafferty, Ria Rabara, Sally Ruse, Maria Weetman, James Bushnell, Albert Power, Alison Jenkins, Stefanie Jones, Amanda Scott, Cath Byrne, Mark Jesky, Alison Cowley, Emma McHaffie, Holly Waterfall, Jo Taylor, Laura Bough, Thomas Phillips, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Sui Phin Kon, Iain MacDougall, Eirini Lioudaki, Sapna Shah, Claire Sharpe, Francisco Aguilar, Abegail Hernandez Pena, Conception Pugay, Amelia Te, Hugh Finn, Wasim Hanif, Samiul Mostafa, Alice Aitken, Katharine Draxlbauer, Evelina Grobovaite, Jennifer Kearney, Theresa McCarthy, Giorgio Gentile, Duncan Browne, Palanichamy Chellamuthu, Tabinda Dugal, Terri Chant, Laura Jones, Emily Laity, Megan Miners, James Muir, Elizabeth Swanson, Andrew Frankel, James Tomlinson, Marlon Alegata, Rashid Almasarwah, Anthoula Apostolidi, Maria Vourvou, Thomas Walters, Maarten Taal, Hari Dukka, Nitin Kolhe, Carly McDonald, Kelly White, Shiva Ugni, Smita Gunda, Rotimi Oluyombo, Vicki Brindle, Ping Coutts, Tracy Fuller, Evelyn Nadar, Suresh Ramadoss, Nichola Motherwell, Susannah Pajak, Louise Tonks, Sunil Bhandari, Richard Bodington, Adil Hazara, Dominic Fellowes, Christopher Wong, Christopher Goldsmith, Sherald Barnes, Ann Bennett, Claire Burston, Samantha Hope, Nicola Hunt, Lini Kurian, Richard Fish, Daniela Farrugia, Judy Lee, Emma Sadler, Hannah Turner, Christopher Hill, Henry Brown, Agnes Masengu, Peter Maxwell, Nina Bleakley, Hugh Murtagh, William Petchey, Vivian Yiu, Joanne Kellett, Angharad Williams, Helen Clarke, Victoria Carnall, Sarah Benyon, Caroline Blake, Stephanie Estcourt, Jane Piper, Neal Morgan, Carolyn Hutchinson, Teresa McKinley, Alastair Woodman, Judi Graham, Niall Leonard, John Smyth, Vicki Adell, Samantha Hagan, Ben Caplin, Amin Oomatia, Eleanor Damian, Toluleyi Sobande, Tim Doulton, Michael Delaney, Mahmoud Montasser, Jenny Hansen, David Loader, Angela Moon, Frances Morris, Smeeta Sinha, Chukwuma Chukwu, Amy Hudson, Diane Campbell, Melanie Kershaw, Stephanie Whittaker, Ayesha Irtiza-Ali, Farid Ghalli, Heba Nosseir, Allison Leslie, Kate Trivedi, Donald Fraser, Mohammad Alhadj Ali, Sian Griffin, Farah Latif, Justyna Witczak, Alexa Wonnacott, Lynda Jeffers, Yvette Webley, Paul Phelan, Eve Miller-Hodges, Ailsa Geddes, Margaret Glenwright, Amy Hunter, Thomas Pickett, Jim Moriarty, Linda Hill, Amanda Tyler, Waqar Ayub, Gail Evans, Sue Hewins, Davina Hewitt, Kerry Read, Samira Bell, Leanne Cosgrove, Rachel Craik, Shona Murray, Nitin Bhandary, Holly Coles, Rashmi Easow, Maya Joseph, Arif Khwaja, Yvonne Jackson, Angeline Mbuyisa, Rachel Sellars, Nihil Chitalia, Cynthia Mohandas, Anca Gherman, Charlotte Kamundi, Olumide Olufuwa, Kieran McCafferty, Adedolapo Adeleke, Cara Healy, Damini Jeyarajah, Edward Kinsella-Perks, Richard Smith, Brian Camilleri, Carol Buckman, Jenny Finch, Vanessa Rivers, Andrew Connor, Sheila Carr, Lisa Shainberg, Andrew Lewington, Richard Baker, Suzannah Dorey, Kay Tobin, Rosalyn Wheatley, Debasish Banerjee, Richard Hull, Sharirose Abat, Riny Paul, Mahzuz Karim, Zay Htet, Saad Tufail, Ravi Varma, Karen Convery, Deirdre Fottrell-Gould, Lisa Hudig, Emily Tropman, Thahir Abdul-Samad, Anne Grace, Marie Phipps, Rebecca Suckling, Subash Somalanka, Bhrigu Sood, Pauline Swift, Sarah Acheampong, Kwame Ansu, Martia Augustin, Anna Sampson, Lynn Vinall, Kim Wren, Shamila Wanninayake, Nicholas Wooding, Heather Edwards, Lydia Owen, Stephanie Bolton, Marion Carson, Michael Matthews, Nigel Brunskill, Jorge Jesus-Silva, Alex Howson, Mary Quashie-Akponeware, Hilary Tindall, Chidambaram Nethaji, Helen Eldon, Rajan Patel, Patrick Mark, Alastair Rankin, Michael Sullivan, Kirsty Forsyth, Rowan McDougall, Tanaji Dasgupta, Louisa Davies, Maggie Ryder, Philip Grimmer, Clare Macdonald, Mary Webster, Newcastle Newcastle, Timothy Ellam, Edwin Wong, Christine Meshykhi, Andrea Webster, Peter Wilson, Enric Vilar, Jocelyn Berdeprado, Eunice Doctolero, Lily Wilkinson, Frank McCarroll, Hesham Ammar, Ying Kuan, Conor Moran, Girish Shivashankar, Ryan Campbell, Deborah Glowski, Paula McDermott, Amar Ali, Zuber Patel, Christine Bond, Gillian Whalley, Haitao Zhang, Liu Yang, Lihua Zhang, Tingting Kan, Ling Zhu, Jinghong Zhao, Weiping Hou, Jing Wu, Hong Cheng, Weijing Bian, Zhirui Zhao, Fengmin Shao, Huixia Cao, Xiaojing Jiao, Peiyuan Niu, Jianying Niu, Yu Chen, Lihong Zhang, Shenglang Zhu, Haiyan Lin, Shaopeng Yao, Jiehui Chen, Ying Jiang, Ying Hu, Huaying Xiao, Fuye Yang, Xinzhou Zhang, Baochun Guo, Qiu Jin, Lixia Liu, Xiangcheng Xiao, Yanyun Xie, Ting Meng, Chuanwen Xu, Jie Huang, Yanmei Xu, Weixin Kong, Xiaoliang Wang, Qianpan Liu, Xueying Wang, Ming Gao, Xiumei Hu, Ying 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Teresa, Lafleur, Paula, Varughese, Ashwathy, Xue, Hui, Wu, Patricia, Arechiga, Olga, Darbeau, Shan, Fechter, Michael, Martinez, Stephanie, Hanson, Lenita, Cooper, Nyla, Madera, Areli, Cadorna, Jay, Sheridan, Rita, Sparks, Helen, Eilerman, Bradley, Bodine, Susanne, Eid, Wael, Flora, Rebecca, Avery, Amber, Hardy, Cashmere, Biscoveanu, Mihaela, Nagelberg, Steven, Cummins, Tracey, Rahbari-Oskoui, Frederic, Oommen, Anju, Forghani, Zohreh, Hitchcock, Stacie, Hosein, Darya, Watkins, Diane, Patel, Minesh, Lambert, Anthony, Newman, Elizabeth, Wood, Autumn, Ross, Tammy, Topping, Stephany, Mulhern, Jeffrey, Murphy, Lorna, Vasseur, Ann, Greenwood, Gregory, Hadley, Alexander, Laurienti, Denise, Marshall, Christopher, Mclean, Nichola, Satko, Scott, Caudill, Brandy, Maris, Jacob, Rogers, Janice, Vanhoy, Cindy, Thomas, George, Nakhoul, George, O'Toole, John, Taliercio, Jonathan, Cooperman, Leslie, Markovic, Marina, Tucky, Barbara, Dev, Devasmita, Hasan, Alia, Yalamanchili, Hima, Jain, Namita, Mcneil, Lesley, Wines, Eric, Park, Jean, Ghazi, Adline, Hamm, Mia, Patel, Teja, Mottl, Amy, Chang, Emily, Derebail, Vimal, Cole, Emmie, Froment, Anne, Kelley, Sara, Osmond Foster, Jordan, Mahabadi, Vahid, Jafari, Golriz, Kamarzarian, Anita, Arriaga, Wendy, Arteaga, Daisy, Machicado, Rosario, Naverrete, Genesi, Kumar, Prashant, Nazeer, Imran, Urquia, Karina, Glider, Tammi, Jones, Vickie, Rucker, Savannah, Wiley, Jennifer, Pandey, Rahul, Arroyo, Jesu, Pariani, Harish, Ahmad, Mohammad, Mozaffari, Shahin, Perez, Erika, Budoff, Matthew, Roy, Sion, Birudaraju, Divya, Ghanem, Ahmed, Hamal, Sajad, Aronoff, Stephen, Joye Petr, Elisa, Sachson, Richard, Wiebel, Jaime, Akram, Sana, Jones, Laurie, Knight, Curti, Tarlac, Maurie, Ahmed, Shahbaz, Szerlip, Harold, Akinfolarin, Akinwande, Mehta, Ankit, Camp, Shana, Castro, Cindy, Cooper, Zanaida, Terry, Jessica, Awad, Ahmed, Kothapalli, Bhavya, Lustig, Ryan, Alfaress, Serine, Jasim, Hyder, Parrigon, Mary, Karounos, Denni, Ahmed, Sadiq, Berry, Maggie, Oremus, Ruth, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlo, Ugwu, Elia, Junejo, Nazia, Suazo, Nancy, Segal, Mark, Kazory, Amir, Brown, Sherry, Daniels, Tristan, Dayi, Sofia, Hogan, Renee, Mccray, Kathy, Stickley, Jennifer, Rahman, Mahboob, Dobre, Mirela, Negrea, Lavinia, Padiyar, Aparna, Pradhan, Nishigandha, Rashidi, Arash, Sarabu, Nagaraju, Donley, Vicki, Young, Tricia, Oguchi, Godson, Onyema, Judepatrick, Damianik, Kahla, Dienes, Jack, Plummer-Morgan, Judith, Roman, Marilyn, Skipper, Mauver, Villaruel, Stacey-Ann, Williams, Krystle, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Ahmed, Ismeal, Bhairoo, Jamie, Rijos, Dolore, Salim, Huzaifa, Gavrila, Madita, Lafferty, Kathryn, Rabara, Ria, Ruse, Sally, Weetman, Maria, Bushnell, Jame, Power, Albert, Jenkins, Alison, Jones, Stefanie, Scott, Amanda, Byrne, Cath, Jesky, Mark, Cowley, Alison, Mchaffie, Emma, Waterfall, Holly, Taylor, Jo, Bough, Laura, Phillips, Thoma, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Phin Kon, Sui, Macdougall, Iain, Lioudaki, Eirini, Shah, Sapna, Sharpe, Claire, Aguilar, 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Margaret, Hunter, Amy, Pickett, Thoma, Moriarty, Jim, Hill, Linda, Tyler, Amanda, Ayub, Waqar, Evans, Gail, Hewins, Sue, Hewitt, Davina, Read, Kerry, Bell, Samira, Cosgrove, Leanne, Craik, Rachel, Murray, Shona, Bhandary, Nitin, Coles, Holly, Easow, Rashmi, Joseph, Maya, Khwaja, Arif, Jackson, Yvonne, Mbuyisa, Angeline, Sellars, Rachel, Chitalia, Nihil, Mohandas, Cynthia, Gherman, Anca, Kamundi, Charlotte, Olufuwa, Olumide, Mccafferty, Kieran, Adeleke, Adedolapo, Healy, Cara, Jeyarajah, Damini, Kinsella-Perks, Edward, Smith, Richard, Camilleri, Brian, Buckman, Carol, Finch, Jenny, Rivers, Vanessa, Connor, Andrew, Carr, Sheila, Shainberg, Lisa, Lewington, Andrew, Baker, Richard, Dorey, Suzannah, Tobin, Kay, Wheatley, Rosalyn, Banerjee, Debasish, Hull, Richard, Abat, Sharirose, Paul, Riny, Karim, Mahzuz, Htet, Zay, Tufail, Saad, Varma, Ravi, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Tropman, Emily, Abdul-Samad, Thahir, Grace, Anne, Phipps, Marie, Suckling, Rebecca, Somalanka, 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Tingting, Zhu, Ling, Zhao, Jinghong, Hou, Weiping, Wu, Jing, Cheng, Hong, Bian, Weijing, Zhao, Zhirui, Shao, Fengmin, Cao, Huixia, Jiao, Xiaojing, Niu, Peiyuan, Niu, Jianying, Chen, Yu, Zhang, Lihong, Zhu, Shenglang, Lin, Haiyan, Yao, Shaopeng, Chen, Jiehui, Jiang, Ying, Hu, Ying, Xiao, Huaying, Yang, Fuye, Zhang, Xinzhou, Guo, Baochun, Jin, Qiu, Liu, Lixia, Xiao, Xiangcheng, Xie, Yanyun, Meng, Ting, Xu, Chuanwen, Huang, Jie, Xu, Yanmei, Kong, Weixin, Wang, Xiaoliang, Liu, Qianpan, Wang, Xueying, Gao, Ming, Hu, Xiumei, Lu, Ying, Wang, Li, Peng, Kun, Wang, Wei, Gong, Qiuhong, Cai, Jianfang, Li, Xiaojue, Liu, Xuejiao, Zhou, Shuhan, Liu, Hong, Weng, Yao, Tang, Shuai, Yao, Yao, Zhao, Shi, Cheng, Chen, Wei, Wei, Li, Na, Aqashiah Mazlan, Sadanah, Zubaidah Bahtar, Alia, Katiman, Elliyyin, Othman, Noraini, Mushahar, Lily, Mazlan, Nurdiana, Sharafina Safiee, Nur, Ramasamy, Sarasa, Seng Wong, Hin, Ahmad Rosdi, Hajar, Zhao Zhi Tan, Esther, Fan Tay, Ju, Seng Teng, Kok, Yahaya, Hasnah, Jiun Liu, Wen, Wee Ee, Lik, Kay Leong Khoo, Kenneth, Mohd Yusoff, Yuana, Safhan Mohamad Nor, Fariz, Kamil Ahmad, Mohd, Ramli Seman, Mohd, Hui Hong Tan, Clare, Lui Sian Ngu, Laura, Yoke May Chan, Jaime, Peji, Javelin, Loong Loh, Chek, Yan Lee, Yee, Ramanaidu, Sridhar, Mean Thong, Kah, Hong Wong, Yik, Junus, Suria, Hua Ching, Chen, Faisal Asmee, Mohammad, Ruziana Ku Md Razi, Ku, Leong Low, Chun, Sze Bing Sim, Christopher, Duan Tham, Zhang, Kamila Abdullah, Noor, Meng Chen, Tai, Chieh Chan, Yong, Chang, Eason, Yean Kang, Huan, Quan Lee, Kai, Ann Lee, Sue, Kheng Lee, Aik, Vinathan, Jeevika, Abdul Cader, Rizna, Mustafar, Ruslinda, Kamaruzaman, Lydia, Mohd, Rozita, Ismail, Rahimah, Men Leong, Chong, Koon Low, Chee, Wei Wong, Liang, Adnan, Norlezah, Ibrahim, Sabariah, Zaimi Abdul Wahab, Mohamad, Bavanandan, Sunita, Shen Lim, Yik, Hazlina Wan Mohamad, Wan, Munirah Jaafar, Siti, Ashykeen Mohd Fauzi, Nur, Sudin, Aziee, Kun Lim, Soo, Chung Gan, Chye, Hing, Albert, Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali, Wan, Fong Liew, Yew, Bao Tyng Chan, Chelsia, Chih Cheng, Mei, Chen Ong, Yu, Meng Ong, Loke, Amalina Mohamed Affandi, Farah, Rahmat, Korina, Chai Peng, Ban, Amat, Masayu, Hadafi Ahmad, Nuzaimin, Yee Mah, Doo, Loon Tye, Yi, Azhari, Zaid, Nabilah Mohamad Zaini, Siti, Aidil Musa, Mohd, Ahmad Miswan, Norazinizah, Ramli, Rafizanur, Aziah Ahmad, Nor, Leong Goh, Bak, Izah Ahmad, Nurul, Huda Ibrahim, Fairol, Jian Ng, Tze, Shanmuganathan, Malini, Lian Tay, Li, Harun, Zaiha, Ramli, Salmi, 'Ain Yusof, Nurul, Abd Rahman, Rossenizal, Iqbal Abdul Hafidz, Muhammad, Hidayati Mohd Sharif, Nur, Yasmoon Awang, Irda, Nakashima, Eitaro, Imamine, Rui, Minatoguchi, Makiko, Miura, Yukari, Nakaoka, Miduki, Suzuki, Yoshiki, Yoshikawa, Hitomi, Shin, Koki, Fujita, Kanae, Iwasa, Misuzu, Sasajima, Haruka, Sato, Airi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Fujita, Yuki, Haraguchi, Takuya, Hyo, Takanori, Izumi, Kiyohiro, Komiya, Toshiyuki, Kubota, Sodai, Kurose, Takeshi, Kuwata, Hitoshi, Nakatani, Susumu, Oishi, Kaori, Okamoto, Saki, Okamura, Kaori, Takeoka, Jun, Tanaka, Nagaaki, Tanigaki, Katsuya, Toda, Naohiro, Watanabe, Koin, Komori, Hiromi, Kumuji, Rika, Takesada, Asako, Tanaka, Aya, Maruyama, Shoichi, Hasegawa, Tomonori, Ishiguro, Akiko, Ishimoto, Takuji, Ito, Kazuhiro, Kamimura, Yutaka, Kato, Noritoshi, Kato, Sawako, Kojima, Hiroshi, Kosugi, Tomoki, Maeda, Kayaho, Mizuno, Masasi, Saito, Shoji, Sato, Hitomi, Sato, Yuka, Suzuki, Yasuhiro, Tanaka, Akihito, Yasuda, Yoshinari, Hasegawa, Fujiko, Hayashi, Maiko, Higashi, Shizuka, Shimamura, Kaho, Sumi, Momoko, Tajima, Kazuki, Unekawa, Chimaki, Wakayama, Kana, Wakita, Yukiko, Otani, Takatoshi, Imai, Ayako, Kawashima, Sayaka, Kogure, Eri, Sato, Tomoe, Takezawa, Misato, Yoshida, Shinya, Araki, Hideo, Katsuda, Yuko, Konishi, Masahiro, Matsunaga, Takahiro, Oe, Masashi, Ogane, Kunihiro, Sakai, Masato, Takahashi, Tomoko, Yamano, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Takuya, Ito, Hitomi, Katayama, Masayo, Kuroda, Emi, Ikeda, Toru, Kojo, Takuma, Yoshidome, Etsuo, Mizumachi, Rieko, Yamamoto, Akane, Yamasaki, Narihisa, Yamasaki, Yoshihiko, Wada, Jun, Eguchi, Jun, Higuchi, Chigusa, Katayama, Akihiro, Kinomura, Masaru, Kitagawa, Masashi, Kitamura, Shinji, Miyamoto, Satoshi, Morinaga, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Atsuko, Nojima, Ichiro, Shikata, Kenichi, Sugiyama, Hitoshi, Tanabe, Katsuyuki, Tsuji, Kenji, Uchida, Haruhito, Watanabe, Mayu, Hashimoto, Chie, Kato, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Sayaka, Wada, Takehiko, Fukagawa, Masafumi, Hamano, Naoto, Koizumi, Masahiro, Komaba, Hirotaka, Nakagawa, Yosuke, Iwamoto, Michiyo, Masutani, Kosuke, Katanosaka, Akane, Kiyota, Mayu, Uchi, Hikari, Ueda, Yuka, Yamamoto, Sonoka, Nagasu, Hajime, Itano, Seiji, Iwakura, Tsukasa, Kadoya, Hiroyuki, Kanda, Eiichiro, Kashihara, Naoki, Kidokoro, Kengo, Kondo, Megumi, Sasaki, Tamaki, Satoh, Minoru, Tokuyama, Atsuyuki, Umeno, Reina, Wada, Yoshihisa, Yamamoto, Toshiya, Yamanouchi, Yu, Abe, Masumi, Inukai, Yoko, Ogawa, Wataru, Asahara, Shunichiro, Fujii, Hideki, Goto, Shunsuke, Hirota, Yushi, Hosooka, Tetsuya, Kono, Keiji, Nishi, Shinichi, Okada, Yuko, Sakaguchi, Kazuhiko, Sugawara, Kenji, Takahashi, Michiko, Takai, Tomoko, Tamori, Yoshikazu, Watanabe, Kentaro, Kitajima, Miyu, Nishi, Misaki, Wada, Junko, Ito, Yasuhiko, Kamiya, Hideki, Asai, Akimasa, Asai, Nao, Asano, Saeko, Banno, Shogo, Ejima, Yohei, Hase, Hanako, Hayami, Tomohide, Himeno, Tatsuhito, Ishikawa, Takahiro, Ito, Mayumi, Iwagaitsu, Shiho, Kasagi, Rina, Kato, Yoshiro, Kato, Makoto, Kato, Koichi, Katsuno, Takayuki, Kawai, Miyuka, Kinashi, Hiroshi, Kondo, Masaki, Koshino, Masako, Matsuoka, Naoya, Morishita, Yoshiaki, Motegi, Mikio, Nakamura, Jiro, Shimoda, Hiromi, Sugiyama, Hirokazu, Tsunekawa, Shin, Yamaguchi, Makoto, Takahashi, Kazuyo, Watada, Hirotaka, Funayama, Takashi, Furukawa, Yasuhiko, Gohda, Tomohito, Goto, Hiromasa, Kaga, Hideyoshi, Kanaguchi, Yasuhiko, Kanazawa, Akio, Kaneko, Kayo, Kano, Toshiki, Kihara, Masao, Kimura, Shogo, Kobayashi, Takashi, Maiguma, Masayuki, Makita, Yuko, Mano, Satoshi, Mita, Tomoya, Miyatsuka, Takeshi, Murakoshi, Maki, Muto, Masahiro, Nakata, Masami, Nakata, Junichiro, Nishida, Yuya, Nohara, Nao, Ogihara, Takeshi, Sato, Daisuke, Sato, Junko, Sato, Hiroaki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Suzuki, Ruka, Suzuki, Hitoshi, Takagi, Miyuki, Tamura, Yoshifumi, Uchida, Toyoyoshi, Ueda, Seiji, Asawa, Miki, Miyaji, Minako, Nagashima, Eri, Shibata, Yoshie, Yanagisawa, Eri, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Hirakawa, Yosuke, Nishi, Hiroshi, Shojima, Nobuhiro, Horikawa, Satoko, Nakayama, Yukiko, Yamada, Naoko, Omori, Yuki, Yano, Shintaro, Ioka, Miyabi, Kuwabara, Nahoko, Nagano, Remi, Nozawa, Megumi, Osawa, Yumi, Maegawa, Hiroshi, Kume, Shinji, Araki, Shinichi, Miyazawa, Itsuko, Morino, Katsutaro, Kawai, Ikuko, Sobata, Masumi, Takaoka, Motoko, Iwaita, Yasushi, Udagawa, Takashi, Inamori, Ami, Kawase, Aya, Yamanaka, Aya, Shimano, Hitoshi, Fujita, Akiko, Iwasaki, Hitoshi, Kai, Hirayasu, Osaki, Yoshinori, Saito, Chie, Sekiya, Motohiro, Tsunoda, Ryoya, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Nakamura, Rikako, Yamada, Aiko, Ohsugi, Mitsuru, Awazawa, Motoharu, Bouchi, Ryotaro, Hashimoto, Shota, Hashimoto, Makiko, Hisatake, Tomoko, Ihana, Noriko, Ishizuka, Koko, Izumi, Kazuo, Kajio, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Michi, Kodani, Noriko, Maruyama, Koji, Matsumoto, Michihiro, Matsushita, Maya, Nakamura, Tomoka, Sugiyama, Takehiro, Tanabe, Akiyo, Terakawa, Aiko, Ueki, Kojiro, Orimo, Yuko, Ozawa, Takako, Takahira, Eriko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Haneda, Masakazu, Tomita, Tadahiro, Akimoto, Saori, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Ishihara, Kenji, Murakami, Chiho, Nishiyama, Akiyo, Toyonaga, Yukiko, Uozumi, Kana, Yamaji, Yukihiro, Shigehara, Tetsuya, Okajyo, Jun, Shimizu, Yukihiro, Iwasaki, Shingo, Fukao, Yuki, Furusho, Megumi, Nunokawa, Shintaro, Katagiri, Hideki, Izumi, Tomohito, Kaneko, Keizo, Kodama, Shinjiro, Miyazaki, Mariko, Munakata, Yuichiro, Nagasawa, Tasuku, Oe, Yuji, Sugawara, Hiroto, Takahashi, Kei, Hirata, Kazushige, Inomata, Keiko, Otomo, Shoko, Uchida, Taeko, Yamashita, Chigusa, Kiyosue, Arihiro, Tamura, Ryota, Dube, Francoi, Bolduc, Marilene, Talbot, Marie-Christine, Cham, Leslie, Lai, Vesta, Tse, Josephine, Jolly, Shivinder, Duck, Tabbatha, Lyle, Scott, Epp, Rachel, Galloway, Camille, Haskett, Susan, Matvienko, Elizabeta, Paulsen, Liam, Moist, Louise, Lozon, Zabrina, Ramsey, Tina, Whitmore, Brittany, Al-Zeer, Bader, Macleod, Paula, O'Sullivan, Aoife, Sheriff, Zainab, Tholl, Sam, Pandey, Amritanshu, Armstrong, Samantha, Gebeyehu, Bethelihem, Toth, Patrick, Goldenberg, Ronald, Jahangiriesmaili, Mahsa, Sanguila, Shariff, Suresh, Neethi, Talsania, Tanvi, Zalunardo, Nadia, Agharazii, Mohsen, Roussel, Marie-Pier, Saillant, Annie, Samson, France, Bajaj, Harpreet, Bhavsar, Miken, Dhall, Parul, Dhillon, Gagandeep, Grewal, Bhupinder, Nimbkar, Taniya, Madore, Francoi, Marcotte, Guylaine, Steen, Oren, Bullen, Mathura, Raguwaran, Shayani, Valleteau, Andre, Langlois, Marie-France, Brown, Christine, Steele, Andrew, Garrity, Melissa, Ghate, Taneera, Robinson, Holly, Tolibas, Michael, Tailor, Chetna, Elliott, Lauren, McClary-Wright, Christine, Boreky, Fadia, Fikry, Sameh, Ali, Ayesha, Barot, Chintankumar, Basily, Wagdy, Saram, Thisun, Varad, Vinay, Khandwala, Hasnain, Aguilera, Alex, Alvarez, Patricia, Gill, Balwinder, Huda, Nazihah, Navivala, Aamir, Pinto, Daniel, Bevilacqua, Micheli, Fung, Elaine, Hernandez, Geraldine, Mann, Puneet, Saini, Jaskiran, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Bovan, Danijela, Devaux, Marie, Barnini, Cecilia, Leoncini, Giovanna, Manco, Luca, Nobili, Giulia, Piemontese, Matteo, Aucella, Filippo, Grifa, Rachele, Totaro, Francesco, La Manna, Gaetano, Capelli, Irene, Cianciolo, Giuseppe, Lerario, Sarah, Zappulo, Fulvia, Rosati, Alberto, Fani, Filippo, Spatoliatore, Giuseppe, Gesualdo, Loreto, Pesce, Francesco, Russo, Maria, Zippo, Maria, Cafiero, Cesira, Motta, Daria, Bianco, Simona, Bilucaglia, Donatella, Messa, Piergiorgio, Pavone, Laura, Tripodi, Federica, Vettoretti, Simone, Fioretto, Paola, Carraro, Gianni, Farnia, Filippo, Postal, Anna, D'Amelio, Alessandro, Cardone, Antonio, Piccinni, Giovanni, Aloisi, Annalisa, Scolari, Francesco, Alberici, Federico, Guerini, Alice, Saccà, Chiara, Salviani, Chiara, Zani, Roberta, DE NICOLA, Luca, Garofalo, Carlo, Elena Liberti, Maria, Minutolo, Roberto, Pennino, Luigi, Polese, Lucio, Mené, Paolo, Barberi, Simona, Falcone, Clorinda, Russo, Francesco, Caroppo, Maurizio, Santorelli, Gennaro, Rivera, Rodolfo, Santoro, Domenico, Giuffrida, Alfio, Zirino, Fortunata, Calvi, Cristina, Estienne, Luca, Gambaro, Giovanni, Gangemi, Concetta, Ortalda, Vittorio, Pessolano, Giuseppina, Grandaliano, Giuseppe, Baccaro, Rocco, Ferraro, Pietro, Mangiacapra, Roberto, Melandri, Marco, Foligno, Nadia, Quartagno, Rita, Vezzoli, Giuseppe, Brioni, Elena, and Group, EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative

Subjects
chronic renal disease, empagliflozin, empa-kidney, General Medicine
Abstract

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; PConclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and others; EMPA-KIDNEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03594110. opens in new tab; EudraCT number, 2017-002971-24. opens in new tab.)

Published
2023

8. TP5, a Peptide Inhibitor of Aberrant and Hyperactive CDK5/p25: A Novel Therapeutic Approach against Glioblastoma

Author

Qi Song, Harish C. Pant, Zhengping Zhuang, Emeline Tabouret, Jinkyu Jung, Antonio Cardone, Jing Cui, Mark R. Gilbert, Herui Wang, Deric M. Park, Romain Appay, Niranjana D. Amin, Institut de neurophysiopathologie (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique-Neuropathologique [AP-HM Hôpital La Timone], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Bethesda] (NINDS), University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, and University of Chicago

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, DNA damage, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CDK5, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, chemotherapy, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], medicine, Viability assay, radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Temozolomide, Kinase, Chemistry, glioblastoma, Cell cycle, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, targeted therapy, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, nervous system, Apoptosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, ATM, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Cancer research, medicine.drug
Abstract

We examined the efficacy of selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) in glioblastoma by TP5. We analyzed its impact in vitro on CDK5 expression and activity, cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle. DNA damage was analyzed using the expression of &gamma, H2A.X and phosphorylated ATM. Its tolerance and efficacy were assessed on in vivo xenograft mouse models. We showed that TP5 decreased the activity but not the expression of CDK5 and p35. TP5 alone impaired cell viability and colony formation of glioblastoma cell lines and induced apoptosis. TP5 increased DNA damage by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ATM, leading to G1 arrest. Whereas CDK5 activity is increased by DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide and irradiation, TP5 was synergistic with either temozolomide or irradiation due to an accumulation of DNA damage. Concomitant use of TP5 and either temozolomide or irradiation reduced the phosphorylation of ATM, increased DNA damage, and inhibited the G2/M arrest induced by temozolomide or irradiation. TP5 alone suppressed the tumor growth of orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model. The treatment was well tolerated. Finally, alone or in association with irradiation or temozolomide, TP5 prolonged mouse survival. TP5 alone or in association with temozolomide and radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for glioblastoma.

Published
2020
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9. Arylamino-fluorene derivatives: Optically induced electron transfer investigation, redox-controlled modulation of absorption and fluorescence

Author

Amerigo Beneduci, Giuseppe Gigli, Antonio Cardone, Eduardo Fabiano, Gianluca Accorsi, Roberto Giannuzzi, Agostina Lina Capodilupo, Giuseppina Anna Corrente, Francesca Manni, Capodilupo, A. -L., Manni, F., Corrente, G. A., Accorsi, G., Fabiano, E., Cardone, A., Giannuzzi, R., Beneduci, A., and Gigli, G.

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Fluorene, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Fluorescence spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electron transfer, Electrofluorochromism, Mixed-valence, Triarylamines, Valence (chemistry), Process Chemistry and Technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Optically induced electron transfer, 0104 chemical sciences, Dication, chemistry, Electrochromism, NIR-Electrochromism, Cyclic voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

A series of biarylaminofluorene-based systems with donor-π-donor (D-π-D) structure have been designed and synthesized in order to study the dependence on the π-conjugated bridge length of the intervalence charge-transfer transitions (IV-CT) and of the electronic coupling between the redox centers. To this purpose cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis-NIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and computational investigations have been carried out to characterize the electronic structure of the compounds in the neutral as well as in the mono- and dication states. Additionally, a study of related D-π compounds has been performed to elucidate the effect of the interaction between two redox centers. Interestingly it was observed that the mono- and dication species exhibit intense transition bands in the NIR region, in the 10000-15000 cm−1 range, whose intensity depends on the oxidation state and thus it can be reversibly tuned by an applied potential. In a similar way, all compounds show an oxidation state dependent fluorescence which leads to electrofluorochromism. Particularly significant is the mixed valence behavior that provides these systems singular optoelectronic properties, making them excellent active components for electrochromic and electrofluorochromic applications.

Published
2020

10. Quantum Capacitance-Limited MoS(2) Biosensors Enable Remote Label-Free Enzyme Measurements

Author

Siyuan Zhang, Curt A. Richter, Robert C. Bruce, Harish C. Pant, Son T. Le, Arvind Balijepalli, Nicholas B. Guros, Antonio Cardone, Jeffery B. Klauda, and Niranjana D. Amin

Subjects
Materials science, Transistors, Electronic, Gate dielectric, FOS: Physical sciences, Ionic Liquids, 02 engineering and technology, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Biosensing Techniques, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 010402 general chemistry, Electric Capacitance, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Article, law.invention, Quantum capacitance, symbols.namesake, law, Alzheimer Disease, Limit of Detection, Humans, General Materials Science, Nernst equation, Disulfides, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), Detection limit, Molybdenum, business.industry, Transistor, Temperature, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5, Physics - Applied Physics, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Kinetics, FOS: Biological sciences, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Sensitivity (electronics), Biosensor
Abstract

We have demonstrated atomically thin, quantum capacitance-limited, field-effect transistors (FETs) that enable the detection of pH changes with 75-fold higher sensitivity (≈4.4 V/pH) over the Nernst value of 59 mV/pH at room temperature when used as a biosensor. The transistors, which are fabricated from monolayer films of MoS(2), use a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) in place of a conventional oxide gate dielectric and exhibit very low intrinsic noise resulting in a pH resolution of 92×10(−6) at 10 Hz. This high device performance, which is a function of the structure of our device, is achieved by remotely connecting the gate to a pH sensing element allowing the FETs to be reused. Because pH measurements are fundamentally important in biotechnology, the increased resolution demonstrated here will benefit numerous applications ranging from pharmaceutical manufacturing to clinical diagnostics. As an example, we experimentally quantified the function of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, at concentrations that are 5-fold lower than physiological values, and with sufficient time-resolution to allow the estimation of both steady-state and kinetic parameters in a single experiment. The high sensitivity, increased resolution, and fast turnaround time of the measurements will allow the development of early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutics to detect and treat neurological conditions years before currently possible.

Published
2019

11. Hydration-controlled anisotropic and giant permittivity in TEG-functionalized eumelanin

Author

G. Casamassima, Teresa Ligonzo, Marco d'Ischia, Paolo F. Ambrico, Antonio Cardone, Paola Manini, Maria Grazia Bridelli, Marianna Ambrico, Ambrico, M., Ambrico P., F., Ligonzo, T., Cardone, A., Bridelli M., G., Casamassima, G., Manini, Paola, and D'Ischia, Marco

Subjects
Permittivity, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Adsorption, CONSTANT, Organic chemistry, Molecule, WATER, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Polarization (electrochemistry), Giant permittivity, chemistry.chemical_classification, Eumelanin, DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION, POLYMER, Microporous material, Comproportionation, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Anysotropic permittivity, chemistry, Chemical engineering, TEG-Functionalized, MELANINS, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Although it has long been known that the peculiar electronic-ionic conductor behavior of eumelanin is critically dependent on hydration, the detailed mechanisms by which water-polymer interactions control and affect the conduction properties have remained largely obscure. In this paper, we report a remarkable anisotropy and giant polarization effect in a synthetic eumelanin (TEGMe) chemically functionalized with hydrophilic TEG residues. FT-IR analyses of water sorption isotherms and AC measurements were consistent with a microporous structure binding or hosting mainly isolated water molecules. In contrast, similar experiments on a commercial synthetic eumelanin (AMe) used as a reference were suggestive of a bulk macroporous scaffold binding or hosting liquid water. These data disclosed for the first time the differential impact on eumelanin conductivity of vapor, liquid and ice-like forms of water adsorbed onto or embedded into the polymer layer. It is thus demonstrated, for the first time, that hydration controls the conduction properties of eumelanin in a more complex manner than is commonly believed, involving, besides the reported semiquinone comproportionation equilibria, the mode of interaction of water molecules as governed by both the chemical and morphological features of the polymer.

Published
2017

12. Photo-induced absorption spectra of a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) polymer with fluorinated double bonds

Author

Davide Comoretto, Antonio Cardone, Gianluca M. Farinola, Francesco Floris, Franco Marabelli, Valentina Morandi, and Martin Burger

Subjects
Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and Alloys, Double bond, Absorption spectroscopy, Exciton, Photo-induced absorption, 02 engineering and technology, Conjugated polymers, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Fluorinated double bonds, Polarons, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemistry (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Electronic, Molecule, Organic chemistry, Emission spectrum, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_classification, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Microsecond, chemistry, Excited state, Physical chemistry, Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We report on the optical and photo-physical properties of a fluorinated poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative, namely poly(2-methoxy-5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-phenylenedifluorovinylene) (MEH-PPDFV) and we compare them with those of the well-known non fluorinated reference system, poly(2-methoxy-5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) synthesized with the same procedure. Remarkable blue-shifts of absorption and emission spectra of MEH-PPDFV with respect to MEH-PPV are observed, due to the larger distortion from planarity of the fluorinated species. In addition, the blue-shift for optical transitions in absorption spectra is more pronounced than in emission ones, since the molecule conformation in the excited states is more planar than in the ground one. Microsecond photo-induced absorption spectra of MEH-PPDFV reveal three bands possessing spectral properties and/or kinetics different from those observed for MEH-PPV. The assignment of these transitions is provided in terms of free and trapped polarons as well of triplet excitons. Free-polarons have an intrinsic decay constant of 3 μs, while the trapping dynamics has a longer kinetics of 40 μs. The triplet exciton, instead, shows a monoexponetial decay behavior of constant about 10 μs.

Published
2017
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13. Synthetic Aspects and Electro-Optical Properties of Fluorinated Arylenevinylenes for Luminescence and Photovoltaics

Author

Gianluca M. Farinola, Carmela Martinelli, Vita Pinto, and Antonio Cardone

Subjects
Materials science, conjugated materials, arylenevinylenes, chemistry.chemical_element, Review, lcsh:Technology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Stille cross-coupling, Photovoltaics, Organic chemistry, General Materials Science, organic semiconductors, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, chemistry.chemical_classification, lcsh:QH201-278.5, business.industry, lcsh:T, Aryl, Intermolecular force, Polymer, Stille reaction, Organic semiconductor, chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, fluorinated materials, Fluorine, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Luminescence, business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract

In this review, the main synthetic aspects and properties of fluorinated arylenevinylene compounds, both oligomers and polymers, are summarized and analyzed. Starting from vinyl organotin derivatives and aryl halides, the Stille cross-coupling reaction has been successfully applied as a versatile synthetic protocol to prepare a wide series of π-conjugated compounds, selectively fluorinated on the aromatic and/or vinylene units. The impact of fluoro-functionalization on properties, the solid state organization and intermolecular interactions of the synthesized compounds are discussed, also in comparison with the non-fluorinated counterparts. Luminescent and photovoltaic applications are also discussed, highlighting the role of fluorine on the performance of devices.

Published
2013

14. ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF NOVEL BENZOFULVENES FOR FLEXIBLE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Author

FIGA', Viviana, CHIAPPARA, Clara, PIGNATARO, Bruno Giuseppe, Valentino Oliverio, Maurizio Mastropasqua Talamo, Vita Pinto, Carmela Martinelli, Antonio Cardone, Gianluca M. Farinola, and o Viviana Figà, Valentino Oliverio, Clara Chiappara, Maurizio Mastropasqua Talamo, Vita Pinto, Carmela Martinelli, Antonio Cardone, Gianluca M. Farinola, Bruno Pignataro

Subjects
n.d
Published
2014

15. Synthesis and characterization of a new series of dibenzofulvene based organic dyes for DSSCs

Author

Antonio Cardone, Agostina L. Capodilupo, Eduardo Fabiano, Giuseppe Gigli, Roberto Giannuzzi, Luisa De Marco, Giuseppe Ciccarella, Giuseppina Anna Corrente, Capodilupo, Agostina L., DE MARCO, Luisa, Corrente, GIUSEPPINA ANNA, Giannuzzi, Roberto, Fabiano, Eduardo, Cardone, Antonio, Gigli, Giuseppe, and Ciccarella, Giuseppe

Subjects
Materials science, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, Dibenzofulvene Dyes Dye-sensitized solar cells Energy conversion Diarylamine, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ring (chemistry), Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, Dye-sensitized solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Thiophene, Irradiation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Three new 2D-pi-A dyes (TK4, TK5 and TK6), composed of diarylamine donor groups, a dibenzofulvenethiophene core as the pi-bridge, and a cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group as the acceptor, have been successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized both experimentally and computationally. The performance in DSSC solar cells has been also studied. Octyloxy chains were introduced on the backbone of the dye, in order to increase donor capability, avoid aggregation side effects and increase physical insulation between electrolyte system and the TiO2 layer. The dye containing the octyloxy chains on the donor group and two thiophene ring as an extension of pi-bridge showed the best photovoltaic performance with a maximum of solar energy-to-electricity conversion yield of 7.8% under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW/cm(2)). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

16. [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene-Based Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Author

Carmela Martinelli, Giuseppe Ciccarella, Giuseppe Gigli, Antonio Cardone, Eduardo Fabiano, Luisa De Marco, Agostina L. Capodilupo, Capodilupo, Agostina L, Fabiano, Eduardo, DE MARCO, Luisa, Ciccarella, Giuseppe, Gigli, Giuseppe, Martinelli, Carmela, and Cardone, Antonio

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Benzothiophene, 02 engineering and technology, Molar absorptivity, Chromophore, Electron acceptor, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS, HIGH-PERFORMANCE, PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES, CONVERSION-EFFICIENCY, DONOR, BENZOTHIADIAZOLE, DITHIENOSILOLE, LINKERS, CORE, UNIT, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Wavelength, Dye-sensitized solar cell, Extinction (optical mineralogy), Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Three new metal-free organic dyes with the [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) π-bridge, having the structure donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) and labeled as 19, 20 and 21, have been designed and synthesized for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Once the design of the π-acceptor block was fixed, containing the BTBT as the π-bridge and the cyanoacrylic group as the electron acceptor and anchoring unit, we selected three donor units with different electron-donor capacity, in order to assemble new chromophores with high molar extinction coefficients (ε), whose absorption features well reflect the good performance of the final DSSC devices. Starting with the 19 dye, which shows a molar extinction coefficient ε of over 14,000 M(-1) cm(-1) and takes into account the absorption maximun at the longer wavelength, the substitution of the BFT donor unit with the BFA yields a great enhancement of absorptivity (molar extinction coefficient ε > 42,000 M(-1) cm(-1)), until reaching the higher value (ε > 69,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) with the BFPhz donor unit. The good general photovoltaic performances obtained with the three dyes highlight the suitable properties of electron-transport of the BTBT as the π-bridge in organic chromophore for DSSC, making this very cheap and easy to synthesize molecule particularly attractive for efficient and low-cost photovoltaic devices.

Published
2016

17. Effective conjugation in conjugated polymers with strongly twisted backbones: A case study on fluorinated MEHPPV

Author

Manef Abderrabba, Begoña Milián-Medina, Aranzazu Aguirre, Junqing Shi, Antonio Cardone, Johannes Gierschner, Rim Milad, and Gianluca M. Farinola

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, fluorinated MEHPPV, Materials science, Quenching (fluorescence), twisted backbones, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Chain length, Planar, chemistry, Excited state, Effective conjugation, Materials Chemistry, Emission spectrum, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Conjugated polymers with strongly twisted backbones, such as MEHPPV with fluorinated vinylene units (F-MEHPPV), demand a redefinition of the all-important ‘effective conjugation length’ ECL, which we extract here by a facile graphical method. In MEHPPV (being essentially planar), the ECL coincides with the ‘maximum conducive chain length’ MCC and extends over about n ≈ 9 repetition units (RU). In F-MEHPPV, the MCC is similarly long with n ≈ 8, but the ECL localizes on just one RU. The strong twist in F-MEHPPV persists in the excited state, broadening the emission spectrum and quenching the fluorescence with reduced radiative and enhanced non-radiative rates.

Published
2016

18. Benchmarking DFT and semi-empirical methods for a reliable and cost-efficient computational screening of benzofulvene derivatives as donor materials for small-molecule organic solar cells

Author

Filippo De Angelis, Sara Tortorella, Mariachiara Pastore, Maurizio Mastropasqua Talamo, Antonio Cardone, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), and Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari = Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR [Perugia - Milano])

Subjects
Organic solar cell, DFT/TDDFT, material discovery, benzofulvenes, OPV, Materials Science (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, Energy minimization, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, ZINDO, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, material discovery, benzofulvenes, 010304 chemical physics, Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Computational physics, Hybrid functional, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Benchmark (computing), Density functional theory, Ground state
Abstract

A systematic computational investigation on the optical properties of a group of novel benzofulvene derivatives (Martinelli 2014 Org. Lett. 16 3424-7), proposed as possible donor materials in small molecule organic photovoltaic (smOPV) devices, is presented. A benchmark evaluation against experimental results on the accuracy of different exchange and correlation functionals and semi-empirical methods in predicting both reliable ground state equilibrium geometries and electronic absorption spectra is carried out. The benchmark of the geometry optimization level indicated that the best agreement with x-ray data is achieved by using the B3LYP functional. Concerning the optical gap prediction, we found that, among the employed functionals, MPW1K provides the most accurate excitation energies over the entire set of benzofulvenes. Similarly reliable results were also obtained for range-separated hybrid functionals (CAM-B3LYP and wB97XD) and for global hybrid methods incorporating a large amount of non-local exchange (M06-2X and M06-HF). Density functional theory (DFT) hybrids with a moderate (about 20-30%) extent of Hartree-Fock exchange (HFexc) (PBE0, B3LYP and M06) were also found to deliver HOMO-LUMO energy gaps which compare well with the experimental absorption maxima, thus representing a valuable alternative for a prompt and predictive estimation of the optical gap. The possibility of using completely semi-empirical approaches (AM1/ZINDO) is also discussed.

Published
2016

19. Fluorinated Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s: Synthesis and Optical Properties of an Intriguing Class of Luminescent Polymers

Author

Carmela Martinelli, Francesco Babudri, Maria Losurdo, Giovanni Bruno, Francesco Naso, Antonio Cardone, and Gianluca M. Farinola

Subjects
Steric effects, Materials science, synthesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Review, Conjugated system, fluorinated polymers, lcsh:Technology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymer chemistry, conjugated polymers, General Materials Science, organic semiconductors, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, chemistry.chemical_classification, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, Intermolecular force, Polymer, poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s, Stille reaction, Monomer, chemistry, Polymerization, lcsh:TA1-2040, Fluorine, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract

This review is an overview of our previous work on the synthesis and properties of poly( p -phenylenevinylene)s (PPVs) selectively fluorinated in different positions of the conjugated backbone. Both the synthetic challenges and the effects of functionalization with fluorine atoms on the optical behavior are discussed, highlighting the peculiarities and the interest of this class of conjugated polymers. A general polymerization protocol for PPVs, that is based on the Pd-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling reaction of bis-stannylated vinylene monomers with aromatic bis-halides, has been successfully extended to the synthesis of selectively fluorinated poly( p -phenylenevinylene)s. The properties of a series of these PPVs differing in the number and positions of the fluorine atoms on the conjugated backbone have been studied, even in comparison with the non-fluorinated counterparts. The intriguing optical features of the resulting materials are discussed considering not only the role of the electronic and steric effects induced by the fluorine substituents, but also the impact of the fluorination on the solid state organization and intermolecular interactions.

Published
2010

20. From commercial tyrosine polymers to a tailored polydopamine platform: Concepts, issues and challenges en route to melanin-based bioelectronics

Author

Paolo F. Ambrico, Teresa Ligonzo, Gianluca M. Farinola, Marco d'Ischia, Stefania R. Cicco, Antonio Cardone, Marianna Ambrico, Ambrico, Marianna, Ambrico, Paolo F., Ligonzo, Teresa, Cardone, Antonio, Cicco, Stefania R., D'Ischia, Marco, and Farinola, Gianluca M.

Subjects
Organic electronics, chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials Chemistry2506 Metals and Alloys, Bioelectronics, Materials science, Biocompatibility, Chemistry (all), Broad band, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Polymer, bioelectronics, Biocompatible material, chemistry, Melanin, Materials Chemistry, melanin-based, Electronic conductivity, polydopamine, tyrosine, polymers, Current decay
Abstract

Over the past decade synthetic melanins, melanin-like polymers and melanin-based copolymers have been the focus of growing attention as soft biocompatible functional materials for engineering high performance, low cost optoelectronic devices, such as memory devices, light emitting diodes and field effect transistors. The unique combination of physicochemical properties of melanins, such as broad band absorption in the UV-visible range, intrinsic free radical character, water-dependent hybrid ionic-electronic conductor behaviour and excellent biocompatibility, have inspired use of melanic polymers as valuable functional materials for organic bioelectronics. However, several gaps and issues still hinder rapid progress of melanin-based organic electronics and bioelectronics, including in particular the limited contribution of electronic conductivity and current decay with time under biasing. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the structural and optoelectronic properties of melanins and to bring to focus current gaps and challenges in the development of melanin-based materials for bioelectronics. Starting from commercial samples, the paper surveys different melanin-type materials with special emphasis on the potential of polydopamine (pDA), a highly adhesive mussel-inspired melanin-type platform, for incorporation in optoelectronic devices. Simple chemical tailoring procedures for engineering pDA-based n-type polymers and photoresponsive materials for photocapacitive sensors are eventually illustrated.

Published
2015

21. Raman Spectra of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s with Fluorinated Vinylene Units: Evidence of Inter-ring Distortion

Author

Giuseppe Gigli, Martin Burger, Davide Comoretto, Fabio Della Sala, Carmella Martinelli, Franco Marabelli, Gianluca M. Farinola, Manuel Piacenza, Valentina Morandi, Antonio Cardone, Manuel, Piacenza, Davide, Comoretto, Martin, Burger, Valentina, Morandi, Franco, Marabelli, Carmella, Martinelli, Gianluca M., Farinola, Antonio, Cardone, Gigli, Giuseppe, and Fabio Della, Sala

Subjects
conjugated polymer, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, Phenylene, fluorine, Polymer chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Chemistry, Aromaticity, density functional calculation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Planarity testing, 0104 chemical sciences, Crystallography, organic electronic, Raman spectroscopy, Alkoxy group, symbols, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Ring the changes: Experimental Raman spectra of fluorinated and non-fluorinated polyphenylenevinylenes are assigned according to quantum chemical calculations for oligomer model systems [picture: see text]. Characteristic differences in the spectra can be traced back to strong inter-ring distortion of the fluorinated compounds.The Raman spectrum of poly{2-methoxy-5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-phenylenedifluorovinylene} (MEH-PPDFV) is reported and compared with that of a well-known non-fluorinated reference polymer, namely poly{2-methoxy-5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-phenylenevinylene} (MEH-PPV). The Raman spectra of both polymers are assigned on the basis of density functional theory calculations of the corresponding oligomers. The main differences between vinylene fluorinated and non-fluorinated structures deal with the intensity, frequency shift and broadening of C--C vinylene stretching. Additional differences concern the relative intensities of C-C phenylene and vinylene stretching as well as the deformation modes in the range 1250-1350 cm(-1). It is shown that these effects are due to the larger distortion from planarity of the fluorinated polymer, compared with the non-fluorinated counterpart, induced by repulsive interactions between the fluorine atoms on the vinylene units and the oxygen atoms of the alkoxy groups on the aromatic rings.

Published
2009
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22. Single white light emitting hybrid nanoarchitectures based on functionalized quantum dots

Author

M. Lucia Curri, Vita Pinto, Carmine Urso, Elisabetta Fanizza, Nicoletta Depalo, Angela Agostiano, Antonio Cardone, Gianluca M. Farinola, Marinella Striccoli, and Roberta Ragni

Subjects
Materials science, Fluorophore, Nanostructure, Fabrication, business.industry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, equipment and supplies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, chemistry, Covalent bond, Quantum dot, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Luminescence, Nanoscopic scale
Abstract

Colloidal white emitting nanostructures were successfully fabricated by covalently binding a blue emitting oligofluorene at the surface of silica beads, that incorporate orange luminescent colloidal CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs). White light was achieved by carefully tuning the size of the QDs to complementarily match the emission color of the blue fluorophore and taking into account the delicate balance between the emission of the QDs in the core of the silica beads and the amount of the organic dye bound to the silica surface. The proposed approach is highly versatile as it can be extended to the fabrication of a variety of luminescent hybrid nano-objects, playing with the complementarity of the emission color of the inorganic and organic fluorophores at the nanoscale. This journal is © the Partner Organisations 2014.

Published
2014

23. A white emitting poly(phenylenevinylene)

Author

Antonio Cardone, Silvia Destri, Gianluca M. Farinola, Umberto Giovanella, and Carmela Martinelli

Subjects
White emission, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Hydrogen, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluorinated polymers, Stille reaction, chemistry, Polymerization, Polymer chemistry, Polyphenylenevinylene, Materials Chemistry, Mixing ratio, Fluorine, OLED, Copolymer, White polymeric light emitting diodes
Abstract

A white emitting copolymer with the polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) structure is obtained via the Stille cross-coupling reaction. Substitution of hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms on the vinylene units of poly(1,4-dialkoxyphenylenevinylene) shifts the emission from orange-red to blue. White emission is obtained by combining dialkoxyphenylenedifluorovinylene and dialkoxyphenylenevinylene units in proper ratio. The two complementary emitters are obtained separately by Stille polymerization reaction. Then, the two reaction mixtures are combined without purification in different ratios and further reacted in similar experimental conditions. A white luminescent material is obtained using 99/1 mixing ratio. OLED devices fabricated with this copolymer shows near-white emission with CIE (0.30, 0.40) and excellent stability in the range 10–200 cd/m 2 .

Published
2014

24. Melanin-like polymer layered on a nanotextured silicon surface for a hybrid biomimetic interface

Author

Rosa Di Mundo, Gianluca M. Farinola, Teresa Ligonzo, P. Favia, Vincenzo Augelli, Fabio Palumbo, Marianna Ambrico, Stefania R. Cicco, Antonio Cardone, Paolo F. Ambrico, and Viviana Petta

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, ADSORPTION, DEVICES, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, PROTEIN, Nanotechnology, SENSOR, General Chemistry, Polymer, FILMS, Dielectric spectroscopy, Melanin, chemistry, Electrical transport, IMMOBILIZATION, Materials Chemistry, Molecule, POROUS SILICON, EUMELANIN, Wetting, Voltage pulse, BIOSENSORS
Abstract

The electrical transport across a biomimetic interface made up of spin coated melanin layers on nanotextured silicon surfaces with different texturing features and wetting properties is discussed. Nanotexturing allows, under certain conditions, the melanin to anchor better on a hydrophobic silicon surface, overcoming the hydrophilic melanin–hydrophobic silicon interface issue. The feature of the electrical signal transduction across such a structure was studied by impedance spectroscopy and found to be influenced by the nano-texturing chemistry and surface morphology. The effects of a voltage pulse, as external stimulus modifying the electrical transport mechanisms, and retention of the subsequently achieved carrier transport conditions have been elucidated. The results suggest a possible exploiting of this circuit element for bio and environmental molecules’ sensing.

Published
2014
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25. A Photoresponsive Red-​Hair-​Inspired Polydopamine-​Based Copolymer for Hybrid Photocapacitive Sensors

Author

Teresa Ligonzo, Paolo F. Ambrico, Roberto Avolio, Stefania R. Cicco, Marianna Ambrico, Antonio Cardone, Nicola Fyodor Della Vecchia, Marco d'Ischia, Alessandra Napolitano, Ambrico, M, Della Vecchia, Nf, Ambrico, Pf, Cardone, A, Cicco, Sr, Ligonzo, T, Avolio, R, Napolitano, Alessandra, and D'Ischia, Marco

Subjects
photocapacitive, Materials science, 4-benzothiazines, Nanotechnology, Benzothiazine, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, cyisteinyldopamine, Biological materials, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Benzothiazole, Polymer chemistry, Electrochemistry, Copolymer, engineering, Spectral analysis, Biopolymer, Adhesive, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Inspired by the powerful photosensitizing properties of the red hair pigments pheomelanins, a photoresponsive cysteine-containing variant of the adhesive biopolymer polydopamine (pDA) is developed via oxidative copolymerization of dopamine (DA) and 5-S-cysteinyldopamine (CDA) in variable ratios. Chemical and spectral analysis indicate the presence of benzothiazole/benzothiazine units akin to those of pheomelanins. p(DA/CDA) copolymers display impedance properties similar to those of biological materials and a marked photoimpedance response to light stimuli. The use of the p(DA/CDA) copolymer to implement a solution-processed hybrid photocapacitive/resistive metalinsulator- semiconductor (MIS) device disclosed herein is the fi rst example of technological exploitation of photoactive, red-hair-inspired biomaterials as soft enhancement layer for silicon in an optoelectronic device. The bio-inspired materials described herein may provide the active component of new hybrid photocapacitive sensors with a chemically tunable response to visible light.

Published
2014

26. Liposomal doxorubicin: a phase II trial

Author

Giancarlo, Balbi, Serena, Visconti, Antonietta, Monteverde, Maria-Amparo, Manganaro, Antonio, Cardone, Balbi, Giancarlo, Serena, Visconti, Antonietta, Monteverde, Maria Amparo, Manganaro, and Antonio, Cardone

Subjects
Adult, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic, Time Factors, toxicity, Radiotherapy Dosage, Middle Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Endometrial Neoplasms, Endometrium, Treatment Outcome, Doxorubicin, Injections, Intravenous, liposomal oxorubicin, endometrial cancer, Humans, Female, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Carcinoma, Endometrioid, Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Neoplasm Staging
Abstract

Background and aim oft he work In patìents with disseminated endometrial carcinoma, doxorubicin is used as a single agent or in combination therapy. We have carried out a phase II clinical trial of liposomal doxorubicin in first-line therapy of women with disseminated endometrial carcinoma. Methods: Betwecn September 2001 and May 2003, 22 patìents with histologically confirmed disseminated endometrial carci¬noma, were enrolled in this study. Eleven patìents had been previously treated with radiatìon, none of them had been treated with chemotherapy. Liposomal doxorubicin (40 mg/m2) was intravenously administered at 4 week intervals until toxicity or progression. Results: The most common adverse events were fatigue, ane¬mia, pain, and dermatologic toxicity (EPP). Eight patìents (36%) achieved a tumor regression (Complete response, CR 3; Partial response, PR 5), ten (46%) maintained stable disease, and four (18%) experienced in-creasing disease. Conclusion: Liposomal doxorubicin has a lower cardiologie toxicity than doxorubicin with a similar response rate in patients with disseminated endometrial carcinoma, (www.actabiomedica.it)

Published
2007

27. Spectroscopic investigations, characterization and chemical sensor application of composite Langmuir-Schäfer films of anthocyanins and oligophenylenevinylene derivatives

Author

Ludovico Valli, A. Santino, Gabriele Giancane, Vito Sgobba, Simona Bettini, Carmela Martinelli, Gianluca M. Farinola, Antonio Cardone, Bettini, Simona, Valli, Ludovico, A., Santino, C., Martinelli, G. M., Farinola, A., Cardone, V., Sgobba, and Giancane, Gabriele

Subjects
Langmuir, Aqueous solution, Brewster's angle, Chemistry, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Chemical Engineering, Chemical structure, Analytical chemistry, Photochemistry, LangmuireSchäfer films, Anthocyanin stability, Oligophenylenevinylenes, Air/water interface characterization, UVevis spectroscopy, Herbicide sensor, Oligomer, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Pigment, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, visual_art, symbols, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Absorption (chemistry)
Abstract

Anthocyanins, extracted from grape skin ( Vitis vinifera ), were dissolved in ultrapure aqueous subphase and an oligophenylenevinylene derivative was spread on the subphase surface. Such oligomer was chosen as anionic counterpart of hydrosoluble anthocyanins in order to perform a Langmuir–Schafer film of the dyad. Interface interactions between oligophenylenevinylene derivative and anthocyanins were studied by Brewster angle microscopy and reflection spectroscopy. Additionally, the oligomer exhibits a chemical structure able to ensure an enhancement of the stability under UV–visible irradiations of the film of the dyad without any variation of the natural pigment absorption in the visible range. The visible spectra of cast anthocyanins film and Langmuir–Schafer oligomer/anthocyanins film after exposure to 254 nm irradiation showed a remarkable increase of the film stability, probably due to the screening effect of the oligomer. Preliminary test of a Langmuir–Schafer film of oligophenylenevinylene derivative/anthocyanins as a herbicide sensor showed that sensing is completely reversible, stable and repeatable.

Published
2012

28. Synthesis of Fluorinated (Electro)Luminescent Arylenevinylene Polymers and Oligomers

Author

Carmela Martinelli, Gianluca M. Farinola, Vita Pinto, Francesco Naso, Antonio Cardone, and Francesco Babudri

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Arylenevinylenes, chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Polymer chemistry, conjugated polymers, cross-coupling, Polymer, organotin reagents, fluorinated compounds, Luminescence, Biochemistry
Abstract

This review reports a survey of our recent results on the synthesis of arylenevinylene polymers and oligomers selectively functionalized with fluorine atoms on aromatic and/or vinylene units. The synthetic methods developed are based on Pd-catalyzed organometallic cross-coupling reactions and in particular on the Stille coupling between vinyl organotin derivatives and aromatic halides. Several compounds have been synthesized, which differ for the number and position of the fluorine atoms on the conjugated backbone, even combined with other functional groups. The effects of fluorination on optical properties both in solution and solid state are discussed.

Published
2012

29. Interplay between solid-state organization and optical properties of thin films of poly-arylene-vinylene and -difluorinated vinylene: fullerene blends

Author

Pio Capezzuto, Francesco Naso, Gianluca M. Farinola, Francesco Babudri, Elena Dilonardo, Maria M. Giangregorio, Carmela Martinelli, Antonio Cardone, Giovanni Bruno, and Maria Losurdo

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Morphology, Materials science, Fullerene, Conjugated polymer thin films, Optical properties, Band gap, Mechanical Engineering, Arylene, Metals and Alloys, Polymer, Conjugated system, Condensed Matter Physics, Acceptor, Donor-acceptor polymer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Thiophene, Thin film
Abstract

Nowadays considerable efforts are devoted to the synthesis of low bandgap conjugated polymers for application in organic polymer solar cells. A large variety of low bandgap polymers are prepared by alternating copolymerization of electron-donating donor and electron-withdrawing acceptor units. The interaction between these two units can reduce the polymer bandgap, increasing the sunlight absorption. Benzothiadiazole is commonly used as acceptor block unit in low bandgap polymers. In this contribution we investigate the supramolecular organization and optical properties of thin films of conjugated polymers consisting of benzothiadiazole and thiophene with electron-withdrawing difluorovinylene, and electron-donating vinylene substituents. Atomic force microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry are exploited for the analysis of the morphology and optical transitions, respectively. It is found that F-atoms in the vinylene unit yield a blue-shift of the absorption peaks of 0.2 eV respect to the hydrogenated polymer and an increase in the absorption coefficient of fluorinated polymers, which indicates their potential application as photovoltaic material. The morphology evolution of the conjugated polymers blended with a fullerene derivate ([6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, PCBM) is also investigated by atomic force microscopy.

Published
2012

30. Hysteresis-type current-voltage characteristics in Au/eumelanin/ITO/glass structure: Towards melanin based memory

Author

Teresa Ligonzo, Marianna Ambrico, Michele Filannino, Giuseppe Perna, Vito Capozzi, Gianluca M. Farinola, Paolo F. Ambrico, Vincenzo Augelli, Stefania R. Cicco, and Antonio Cardone

Subjects
Glass structure, Eumelanin layer, hysteresis effect, memoy device, Physics::Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, business.industry, Chemistry, Charge (physics), General Chemistry, Trapping, Condensed Matter Physics, Space charge, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Hysteresis, Optics, Materials Chemistry, White light, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Spin (physics), Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Hysteresis behaviour of the current–voltage characteristics collected on spin coated synthetic eumelanin layer embedded in the Au/eumelanin/ITO/glass structure is shown. The effect has been observed under dark both in air and vacuum environment and its magnitude has been found related to the eumelanin hydration state. Moreover, in vacuum and under white light illumination, enhancement of the hysteresis loop area respect to those collected under dark has been observed. Space charge storage and charge trapping/detrapping as possible mechanisms responsible of the observed current–voltage behaviour are discussed. Preliminary experimental results have evidenced the possible integration of eumelanin layers in electro-optical charge storage based memory devices.

Published
2010

31. Blue-Gap Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s with Fluorinated Double Bonds: Interplay Between Supramolecular Organization and Optical Properties in Thin Films

Author

Maria Losurdo, Francesco Naso, Maria M. Giangregorio, Carmela Martinelli, Francesco Babudri, Michael Büchel, Gianluca M. Farinola, Antonio Cardone, Pio Capezzuto, and Giovanni Bruno

Subjects
Materials science, Double bond, Supramolecular chemistry, LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, ELECTROLUMINESCENT PROPERTIES, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Materials Science, Thin film, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, FLUORO GROUPS, Poly(p-phenylene vinylene), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, INTERCHAIN INTERACTIONS, CONJUGATED-POLYMER-FILMS, Crystallography, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Blue-light-emitting poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s with fluorinated vinylene units are presented. It is demonstrated that self-aggregation governs the strength and polarization of the absorption spectra of thin films of these polymers. This indicates that self-assembly of the polymer chains in the films provides a means of tuning the electronic and optical properties of the pi-conjugated systems.

Published
2009

32. Synthesis of New Organic/Inorganic Heterostructures from CdSe Quantum Dots and Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives

Author

Antonio Cardone, Leander Tapfer, Emanuela Piscopiello, and Anna Maria Laera

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, Quantum dot, Organic inorganic, Nanotechnology, Heterojunction, Tetracyanoquinodimethane
Abstract

Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and anthraquinone derivatives were synthesized to coordinate the surface of CdSe quantum dots (QDs). These electroactive surfactants are specifically designed to promote the interactions of organic semiconductor quantum dots with a polymer matrix. Starting from colloidal CdSe nanocrystals covered with a layer of TOPO, a process of ligand exchange is worked out in order to obtain new nanocrystal-surfactant heterostructures. We demonstrate that the fluorescence of the nanocrystals is completely quenched upon the formation of the heterostructure CdSe/surfactant indicating an efficient carrier transfer from the QDs to the surfactant.

Published
2008

33. Synthesis of oligoarylenevinylenes with fluorinated double bonds

Author

Gianluca M. Farinola, Francesco Babudri, Carmela Martinelli, Gregg Kottas, Francesco Naso, Antonio Cardone, and Luisa De Cola

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry.chemical_compound, Double bond, chemistry, Aryl, Organic Chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Fluorine, chemistry.chemical_element, Stereoselectivity, Photochemistry, Catalysis, Stille reaction
Abstract

Oligoarylenevinylenes with fluorine atoms in the vinylene units and side-chains with a range of polarities bonded to the aryl rings, have been synthesized via a methodology based on the Stille cross-coupling reaction. All compounds were stereoselectively synthesized with trans double bonds.

Published
2008

34. Vibrational spectroscopic study of a push-pull substituted fluorinated poly(p-phenylenevinylene) copolymer

Author

Francesco Naso, Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci, Christoph Winder, Antonio Cardone, Helmut Neugebauer, Teketel Yohannes, Gianluca M. Farinola, and Francesco Babudri

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Infrared, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Infrared spectroscopy, Polymer, Conjugated system, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Attenuated total reflection, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer
Abstract

In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroelectrochemistry during oxidation (p-doping) and reduction (n-doping) as well as photoinduced infrared spectroscopy of a random copolymer of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylenevinylene and 2,5-dioctyloxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene [co(TFPV-DOPV)] is presented. The infrared active vibration (IRAV) patterns obtained during electrochemical oxidation (p-doping) and reduction (n-doping) are different. The copolymer shows photoinduced IRAV bands that are similar to those obtained during electrochemical reduction (n-doping) in contrast to most of the other conjugated polymers which show similarities with oxidation (p-doping) IRAV bands. To our knowledge this is the only p- and n-dopable polymer with different IRAV patterns of charge carriers of both signs, and a similarity between n-doping and photodoping IRAV bands.

Published
2005

35. Chi (3) measurements in novel poly(2',5'-dioctyloxy-4,4',4'-terphenylenevinylene) using the Z-scan technique

Author

Raffaele Tommasi, Francesco Naso, Antonio Cardone, Francesco Babudri, T. Cassano, Gianluca M. Farinola, and A. Ronchi

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Kerr effect, Double bond, Chemistry, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Resonance, Nonlinear optics, Polymer, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, Optics, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, Z-scan technique, business
Abstract

We investigated the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of three poly(2′,5′-dioctyloxy-4,4′,4″-terphenylenevinylene)s having different cis / trans -vinylene ratios. The nonlinear measurements were performed at λ =532 nm in chloroform solutions using single-beam Z-scan technique with picosecond laser pulses. All the investigated polymers exhibit a moderate two-photon resonance at this wavelength. On the contrary, the magnitude of the nonlinear refractive index is high and shows a considerable dependence on the cis / trans ratio of the double bonds. The largest third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, | χ (3) |=(5±1)×10 −10 esu, was measured for a polymer with all monomers having vinylene unit in trans -configuration.

Published
2003
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36. Investigation of luminescence in new blue-emitting poly(2',5'-dioctyloxy-4,4',4'-terphenylenevinylene)s

Author

T. Cassano, Francesco Naso, Gianluca M. Farinola, Francesco Babudri, Antonio Cardone, and Raffaele Tommasi

Subjects
Steric effects, chemistry.chemical_classification, Photoluminescence, Double bond, Absorption spectroscopy, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, Polymer, Condensed Matter Physics, Photochemistry, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Excited state, Materials Chemistry, Ground state, Luminescence
Abstract

The dependence of the linear optical properties of some soluble poly(terphenylenevinylene)s on the relative amount of cis - and trans -vinylene units has been investigated. A regular blue-shift of the absorption spectra in solution has been observed upon the addition of cis double bonds. Luminescence spectra show a vibronic structure which accounts for the reduced inter-ring torsion in the excited state with respect to the ground state. Moreover, an increased electron–phonon coupling for cis -rich polymers has been observed.

Published
2003
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37. Photochemical tuning of light emission in a conjugated polymer containing norbornadiene units in the main chainElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional experimental and spectroscopic data. See DOI: 10.1039/b611685j.

Author

Francesco Babudri, Gianmarco Bilancia, Antonio Cardone, Paolo Coppo, Luisa De Cola, Gianluca M. Farinola, Johannes W. Hofstraat, and Francesco Naso

Subjects
COPOLYMERS, PHENYL compounds, ELECTROLUMINESCENCE, ISOMERIZATION
Abstract

A conjugated alternating copolymer containing norbornadiene and bis(ethynylene)phenylene units was prepared by the Cassar–Heck–Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. Its electroluminescence was tested in a device, and its fluorescence colour could be tuned by light-induced norbornadiene-quadricyclane isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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39. Survey statistics of automated segmentations applied to optical imaging of mammalian cells

Author

Peter Bajcsy, Michael Halter, Carl G. Simon, Mary Brady, Antonio Cardone, Mylene Simon, Joe Chalfoun, Adele P. Peskin, Antoine Vandecreme, Marcin Kociolek, Michael Majurski, and Derek Juba

Subjects
Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Scale-space segmentation, Cell segmentation, Biochemistry, Segmentation evaluation, Automation, Structural Biology, Histogram, Animals, Humans, Computer vision, Segmentation, Molecular Biology, Microscopy, Segmentation-based object categorization, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Segmented objects, Optical Imaging, Accelerated execution of segmentation for high-throughput biological application, Pattern recognition, Image segmentation, Computer Science Applications, Cellular measurements, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract

The goal of this survey paper is to overview cellular measurements using optical microscopy imaging followed by automated image segmentation. The cellular measurements of primary interest are taken from mammalian cells and their components. They are denoted as two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) image objects of biological interest. In our applications, such cellular measurements are important for understanding cell phenomena, such as cell counts, cell-scaffold interactions, cell colony growth rates, or cell pluripotency stability, as well as for establishing quality metrics for stem cell therapies. In this context, this survey paper is focused on automated segmentation as a software-based measurement leading to quantitative cellular measurements. We define the scope of this survey and a classification schema first. Next, all found and manually filteredpublications are classified according to the main categories: (1) objects of interests (or objects to be segmented), (2) imaging modalities, (3) digital data axes, (4) segmentation algorithms, (5) segmentation evaluations, (6) computational hardware platforms used for segmentation acceleration, and (7) object (cellular) measurements. Finally, all classified papers are converted programmatically into a set of hyperlinked web pages with occurrence and co-occurrence statistics of assigned categories. The survey paper presents to a reader: (a) the state-of-the-art overview of published papers about automated segmentation applied to optical microscopy imaging of mammalian cells, (b) a classification of segmentation aspects in the context of cell optical imaging, (c) histogram and co-occurrence summary statistics about cellular measurements, segmentations, segmented objects, segmentation evaluations, and the use of computational platforms for accelerating segmentation execution, and (d) open research problems to pursue. The novel contributions of this survey paper are: (1) a new type of classification of cellular measurements and automated segmentation, (2) statistics about the published literature, and (3) a web hyperlinked interface to classification statistics of the surveyed papers at https://isg.nist.gov/deepzoomweb/resources/survey/index.html .

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