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The article presents research papers on clinical observations and follow-up patients at the Bethlem Royal Hospital in London, England. There are eight chapters that presents background, aims, method and clinical characteristics of patients. In the first chapter, Felix Post summarizes present knowledge of late paraphrenia, drawing on the clinical descriptions of earlier workers and emphasizing the relative rarity of descriptions of schizophrenia occurring after the age of 50 or 60 and the difficulty early nosologists had in making the differentiation from senile psychosis.

Focuses on the features of an automated system using the STATUS software for cataloging the papers of the first Duke of Wellington in Southampton University Library in Southampton, England. Analysis of the data structure; Arrangement of the database; Routines of the data preparation; Management of data; Demonstrations on the use of database for searching; Accessibility of the database.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including methodology and innovation in the mixed jurisdictions, traditional African concept of ubuntu, and development of English common law.

An essay is presented on the poem "Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes," by Thomas Gray, and a china tub owned by intellectual Horace Walpole. It comments on Walpole's home, Strawberry Hill, in Twickenham, London, England. The author examines Walpole's collecting and his Glass Closet, a section in his library. She also considers the book "Designs by Mr. R. Bentley, for Six Poems by Mr. T. Gray," by artist Richard Bentley.

Background: Computerised record keeping in primary care is increasing. However, no study has systematically examined the completeness of computer records in practices using different forms of record keeping., Aim: To compare computer-only record keeping to paper-only and hybrid systems, by measuring the number of consultations and symptoms recorded within individual consultations., Design of Study: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: Eighteen general practices in the Exeter Primary Care Trust., Method: This study was part of a retrospective case control study of cancer patients aged over 40 years. All recorded consultations for a 2-year period were identified and coded for 1396 patients. Records were classified as paper, computer, or hybrid, depending on which medium stored the clinical information from consultations., Results: More consultations were recorded in hybrid systems (median in 2 years = 11, interquartile range [IQR] = 6-18) than computer systems (median in 2 years = 9, IQR = 4-16.5) or paper systems (median in 2 years = 8, IQR = 5-14,): P <0.001. In a Poisson regression analysis, which included age, sex, and future cancer diagnosis, the rates of consultations recorded in paper and computer systems were 16% and 11% lower, respectively, than in hybrid systems. Fewer telephone consultations were recorded in paper systems, and fewer home visits in computer systems. Fewer symptoms were recorded in individual consultations on computer systems. Recording of absent symptoms and severity of symptoms was highest in paper systems., Conclusion: Hybrid systems of primary care record keeping document higher numbers of consultations than computer-only or paper-only systems. The quality of individual consultation recording is highest in paper-only systems. This has medicolegal implications and may impact upon continuity of care.

From a historical perspective, it is difficult to identify a specific date that launched the field of endocrinology. One "biomarker" of the inception of endocrinology traces back to Ernest Henry Starling, who first introduced the word hormone in a talk given in 1905 at the Royal College of Physicians in London (Starling, 1905). A historical look at the field of endocrine regulation of animal growth since 1905 conveys that countless scientists worldwide worked to advance the scientific evidence base, which led to the commercial development of hormone-based products that enhanced growth and beneficially changed carcass composition of meat animals. This review will discuss some of seminal contributions that include the discovery of hormones (like ST and β-adrenergic agonists) that have been shown to play key roles in regulating growth and nutrient partitioning of livestock, the mechanisms by which these hormones act, and the development of products for application in animal agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bundles of paper, similar to sterling banknotes, were counted in banks in England and Wales. Subsequent analysis showed that the counting process, both by machine and by hand, transferred nanogram amounts of cocaine to the paper. Crystalline material, similar to cocaine hydrochloride, could be observed on the surface of the paper following counting. The geographical distribution of contamination broadly followed Government statistics for cocaine usage within the UK. Diacetylmorphine, Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) were not detected during this study.

This paper aims to overview the main topics discussed in the academic papers related to public policies and corporate sustainability. Based on the literature, our scope is to set up a framework for future research on public policies and corporate sustainability by constructing bibliometric networks. The study will evidence the authors with some of the most important research in this field, based on the citations of their papers, and the countries with the highest number of publications and citations. Through the VOSviewer software we studied the topic of corporate sustainability and public policy based on keywords, citations, geographical distribution, and authorship. After observing 289 papers indexed in Web of Science, we found as frequent keywords corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, performance, management, legitimacy, or disclosure. The highest number of papers were published in American Journals, but also in England, Australia and Canada, but the most cited papers were the American and Canadian ones. Finally, T. Sueyoshi and M. E. Porter are the most cited authors for papers on corporate sustainability and public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The art of letter writing in the early modern period comprised more than textual composition alone. This article studies the letters of Francis Bacon and the Earl of Essex in the period of the latter's fall from favour. The letters of both men were used both at the time and subsequently to put forward representations of their service and their duty. Through careful study of the extant manuscripts and the circulations of variant texts, the strategies used to fashion and refashion the reputations of both men are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's services in England are undergoing their most radical transformation since 1948 following the passage of the Children Act 2004. A key part of these changes is the legal requirement to have an Integrated Inspection Framework to assess the extent to which the new Children's Services Authorities have succeeded in meeting five key outcomes—being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic well-being. To this end, up to ten national inspectorates have to coordinate their activities to a hitherto unparalleled extent. This article describes the nature and scale of the new remit and identifies a number of unresolved issues that could impede progress. It is argued that the policy has the hallmarks and accompanying limitations of a top–down exercise in policy formulation and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the substantial body of work examining young people's information-seeking behavior, little research has specifically investigated youngsters' rise of serials. However, a recent project undertaken in England into the information universes of four- to eighteenyear-olds has revealed many patterns in relation to this issue. Most notably, the study found little consultation of serials by young people for academic work and although their use to meet recreational needs was greater, even in this context the Internet was exploited more. Serials in libraries were seldom examined. The study findings have implications for information skills teaching and the treatment of serials in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the 1st European Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems, held at St. Catherine's College in Oxford University in Oxford, England. Increase in the number of European researchers in the area of multi-agent systems; Aim of the workshop; Sessions in the workshop; Details of the second Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems.

Discusses the need to reform the law relating to shared housing in England and Wales. History of the Law Commission project; Law affecting home-sharers; Consequence of cohabiting relationship.

Assesses the validated outcome instrument quality of life in hip revision with impacted morselized allograft bone and cemented Exeter prosthesis compared to primary hip replacement in England. Outcomes of hip revision; Indication of the Nottingham Health Profile scores after revision; Duration of the primary cemented hip replacement.

Objective: To describe mental health service provision for adults of working age in England. Method: Services in an inner London area are described so as to illustrate current patterns of service organization in England. National trends are then discussed. Results: Despite relatively low public expenditure, substantial progress has been made in deinstitutionalization and development of comprehensive community-based services. Persisting difficulties include high staff turnover, a minority of patients who do not engage with community services, user and carer dissatisfaction with emergency services, and social exclusion because of stigma. Recent government policy advocates resolving some of these problems using new service models such as assertive outreach and crisis teams. Conclusion: Closure of the large asylums has largely been accomplished. England is now entering a new phase in community service development, with a range of innovative developments aimed at resolving problems still encountered after the initial phases of integrated community service development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the feasibility and value of using real patients as trigger material in problem-based learning (PBL)., Design: A questionnaire was given to all students participating in a PBL module including a question about 'the added value of using real, as opposed to paper cases', in problem-based learning. Resources used by students and assessment of feasibility were recorded by the course tutors., Setting: A 7-week student-selected problem-based module in general practice in the fourth-year undergraduate medical curriculum, University of Newcastle upon Tyne., Subjects: 69 students participating in the module over 2 years., Results: All students valued the use of real patients. A total of 10 categories were identified, all congruent with accepted educational principles for effective adult learning. Real patients stimulated the use of a very wide range of resources and imaginative presentation of what had been learned., Conclusion: Real patients are potent trigger stimuli in problem-based learning. The use of real patients in this general practice-based module presented no organizational or ethical difficulties. Their use should be considered more widely.

Presents an article on pressing issues in the dementia and dementia services symposium at the Royal College of Physicians in London, England on January 28 to 29, 1999. Geographical inequities involving care for the elderly; Information on a survey conducted by the Alzheimer's Disease Society on Health Authorities' plans and purchasing intentions for dementia services.

Presents information on a women's synod at Liverpool Hope University College in Liverpool, California from July 24 to 28, 1999. Characteristics of the synod; Description of the synod's format; Text of letters to church leaders in Great Britain, women's organizations and synod participants.

The traditional description of "the scientific method" as a stepwise, linear process of hypothesis testing through experimentation is a myth. Although the teaching and learning of the scientific method have been a curriculum and assessment goal, the notion of the 'scientific method' itself has been identified as being problematic. Many researchers have recognised there is no single scientific method. However, there does not seem to be any useful guidelines for how best to deal with the nature of scientific methods in school science, including in high-stakes summative assessment. The article presents the use of a framework to illustrate the diversity of scientific methods that goes beyond the traditional limitations of a scientific method, to provide a more comprehensive and inclusive account, including non-manipulative parameter measurements. The framework not only clarifies the definition of scientific methods but also is adapted as an analytical framework to trace how scientific methods are framed in high-stakes chemistry examination papers from three examination boards in England. Such analyses can potentially point to what is emphasised in chemistry lessons, given how instrumental high-stakes testing is for driving teaching and learning. Results from an empirical investigation of examination questions are presented, highlighting an imbalance in the representation of methods in chemistry tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A great deal of the caring work of nursing is accomplished and mediated through language. This paper attempts to characterize some of this language in quantitative and stylistic terms in an attempt to characterize the genre of nursing report language. Nursing students (n = 26) and graduate nurses (n = 3) viewed a videotape of a person being interviewed by a psychiatrist and produced written reports. These showed a large proportion of words relating to the person and to feelings and needs, compared to existing databases of the English language in general. The language produced by the participants also contained many modal or modifying words and is similar to spoken rather than written English in terms of the proportion of lexical content. There was much diversity in their descriptions and the vocabulary used to refer to the client. Graduate nurses showed more scepticism of the evidence provided by the video and advocated more investigation and questioning of the client. The use of standard forms and techniques of expression suggests that these reports were assembled on a language production line. Finally, we advocate a more systematic approach to educating nursing students about the power of the language they use.

John Davies Thomas (1844-1893) described a two-ounce drop-bottle for chloroform in 1872 while he was a resident medical officer at University College Hospital, London. After working as a ship's surgeon, he settled in Australia. In May 1875, Thomas presented a paper on the mortality from ether and chloroform at a meeting of the Medical Society of Victoria in Melbourne, Victoria. Surveys conducted in Europe and North America had established that the mortality from chloroform was eight to ten times higher than that from ether. At that time, chloroform was the most widely administered anaesthetic in Australia. Thomas' paper was published in The Australian Medical Journal and reprinted by the Medical Society of Victoria for distribution to hospitals in the Colony of Victoria. Later that year, Thomas moved to Adelaide, South Australia, where he may have been influential at the Adelaide Hospital in ensuring that ether was administered more often than chloroform. It does not appear that Thomas' papers on anaesthesia had a significant effect on the conduct of anaesthesia in Victoria or New South Wales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Readers and authors of scientific material need and deserve to know how journal editors select and prepare papers for publication. Editors need to keep track of their procedures to avoid delay and ensure that there is always material to publish. This paper presents data on the time taken for the 48 papers published in the Communicable Disease Report Review in 1995 to be processed. The mean time from receipt to publication was five months. All papers were sent out to at least one referee and most to two. This paper describes the editorial process and suggests the adoption of blinded peer review.

In 1993 the Conference of Royal Colleges and their Faculties called for its members to develop formalized continuing medical education (CME) programmes. Most colleges have adopted a narrow definition of CME and a mechanistic approach to monitoring participation. The Faculty of Public Health Medicine has responded differently by initiating a broader model of continuing professional development (CPD) which emphasizes the individual nature of continuing education. This paper explores the rationale behind this decision. Recent systematic reviews of the effectiveness of CME have demonstrated the need for relevance in any continuing education activity. This means relevance not only to learning needs but also to current work and the applicability of the knowledge. However, the effectiveness of traditional CME for all doctors and particularly public health physicians remains to be established. Thus the Faculty has moved towards a wider context of learning in the form of CPD incorporating an evaluative approach and aspects of adult learning theory. There remains a need for the links between audit and continuing education to be strengthened.

This paper explores the use of Critical Communicative Methodology (CCM) as a collaborative research approach to co-construct knowledge with participants in a research project aimed to enhance the inclusion of students with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND) in three mainstream schools in England. The paper discusses how collaboration between researchers and research participants (i.e. school staff, parents and students), based on egalitarian dialogue, created knowledge co-construction through the use of reflective conversations, communicative focus groups and communicative observations. By describing the design of the project and reflecting on the decisions taken with the participants, the paper highlights how CCM supported the researchers and the participants in reconsidering their assumptions towards inclusive practices. The paper also shows how the generation of qualitative findings with the participants led to the co-creation of a toolkit to improve the services schools provide to students with SEND and their families. The main ethical issues, the unique role of CCM, and challenges in its implementation are discussed. It is concluded that CCM can enhance inclusive practices in an inclusive way based on egalitarian dialogue between academic- and practice-based knowledge co-construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper evaluates the introduction of ten Community Health and Well-being Workers (CHWW) in four pilot sites across Cornwall. The period evaluated was from the initial start in June 2022 until June 2023, covering the project setup and implementation across a range of Primary Care Networks (PCNs) and Voluntary sector partners (VSCO). Methods: All ten CHWWs and their managers at each site were interviewed (n = 16) to understand the barriers and enablers to implementation and wider learning that could be captured around the project setup. Qualitative methods were used for data collection, including semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Transcripts were thematically analysed for cross-cutting themes, as well as site-specific effects. Results: In terms of learning, we cover the following key areas, which were of most importance to the successful implementation of the pilot: The CHWWs were introduced into an already established, successful social prescribing (SP) system by the time the CHWW project began. CHWWs can access some of the same training and office space as SPs, with overlapping meeting schedules allowing them joint input on some topics. It seemed that all the pre-work in terms of relationships and learning about a similar role helped a rapid implementation. Each site's CHWW management structure uses the same line management as the SPs. Roles were clustered together to remove duplication, maximise coverage and triaging of residents. The largest barrier to overcome was integrating VSCO staff into NHS systems. Conversely, hosting CHWWs within an NHS organisation has pros and cons, namely better access to NHS data and staff, but longer lead-in time for registration on systems, and more bureaucracy for procurement/spend. Conclusions: Looking to the future, the pilot's success has spread the programme to other integrated care areas in the country, with ongoing plans for further rollout and evaluation in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Peer research methodologies and methods are increasingly used in research, particularly to benefit from lived experiences.The experiences of peer researchers with severe mental illness are less common, including the impact on them of conducting peer‐led research. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: This paper shares the experience of peer research and suggests in the context of food insecurity, that it is not well understood by some healthcare professionals. What are the implications for practice: Implications include considerations around trauma‐informed care and the need for screening for food insecurity in mental healthcare settings. Research implications include providing training for peer research and needing to consider longevity of peer researcher relationships. Introduction: Food insecurity means that a person does not have access to sufficient nutritious food for normal growth and health. This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes and other long term chronic health conditions. People living with a severe mental illness are more likely to experience food insecurity than people without a severe mental illness. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a lived experience narrative of two peer researchers. Peer researchers conducted interviews with adults with severe mental illness from Northern England as part of a funded research project. These interviews discussed experiences of food insecurity and strategies to tackle it and were conducted between March and December 2022. Thesis: The following paper does not discuss the results of the interviews themselves. Rather the narrative begins with an overview of peer research, before sharing the experiences of the two peer researchers in undertaking this project. Implications for Practice: This includes healthcare professionals understanding food insecurity, what it is and what it is not, thinking about trauma‐informed care, and screening for food insecurity. Peer research implications centre on adequate support and training, considerations to longevity of peer research relationships and reducing unnecessary research burden for peer researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: We know that there are similar rates of borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosed in both men and women; however, some research suggests that BPD is diagnosed later and less frequently in men. Some research suggests that males diagnosed with BPD present differently to women, but not much is known about how this influences the care men receive in inpatient mental health hospitals. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper is the first to specifically ask inpatient staff about men diagnosed with BPD, and to hear about their perceptions and experiences.It identified that some staff do not feel as knowledgeable in identifying and treating BPD in men compared to women. Some staff talked about how emotional difficulties like BPD are often not the first thought when men present with distress compared to women. Staff also talked about needing a safe, open and transparent working culture to be able to ask questions and to be questioned on their own assumptions, biases or lack of training. What are the implications for practice?: This paper suggests that inpatient staff may hold some assumptions about men and their emotions, such as assuming that they are less likely to struggle with emotional difficulties like BPD. Staff anxieties about risk management may influence how they perceive and care for men in inpatient wards. The findings suggest that male‐specific training in identifying and treating BPD should be provided for staff on inpatient wards, to improve knowledge and confidence. Introduction: Research highlights discrepancies in recognition of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in men, despite similar rates of prevalence across genders. Aim: To investigate inpatient mental health professionals' experiences of delivering treatment for males with a diagnosis of BPD. Method: Six mental health professionals working within adult acute inpatient wards completed a semi‐structured interview. All participants were members of the nursing team. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Five themes were identified: Gender Differences, Stereotyping, Facilitators to Care Delivery, Barriers to Care Delivery and Ways to Improve Care. Participants talked of a lack of awareness and understanding of BPD in males impacting both diagnosis and treatment in an acute inpatient setting. Discussion: There may be factors ranging from gender stereotypes, limited knowledge and understanding of gender differences in presentations, and personal/organisational cultures influencing the formulation and treatment of males with a diagnosis of BPD in inpatient settings. Implications for Practice: The findings suggest that gender stereotypes such as masculine norms may influence how male patients' emotional difficulties are understood and managed, and that additional training in male‐specific issues to improve knowledge and care provision. This research will support inpatient staff, service leads and clinical educators to identify ways to adapt care provision for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Festivals play an important role in improving death and grief literacy, enabling members of the public to engage with these often-sensitive topics. Good Grief Weston festival was co-designed and delivered with the community in Weston-super-Mare, a coastal town in South-West England with high levels of socioeconomic disadvantage but rich community assets. It was held in person over 8 days in May 2023. Objectives: To evaluate the reach and impact of Good Grief Weston festival and gather data to inform future festivals. Design: Mixed methods evaluation (survey and focus groups). Methods: Online and paper surveys assessing participants' characteristics and experiences were administrated during and after the festival. Survey participants who indicated their willingness to participate were invited to attend a focus group. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Data were collected by trained community co-researchers. Results: Approximately 3000 people attended the festival. Of 204 completed surveys, 64.5% were from women, age range ⩽15 to ⩾75 years; 88.2% identified as White; 14.9% deaf, disabled/with a chronic condition; 18.9% neurodivergent; 9.0% gay, bisexual or queer. Festival participants were entertained (70.9%), inspired (68.5%), felt part of a like-minded community (54.3%), talked to someone new (49.2%), learnt about grief/bereavement (34.3%), shared or expressed experiences (30.3%) and found out about local support (19.7%). 71.3% reported that they felt more confident talking about grief after attending. Median experience rating was 5 (IQR 0; possible range 1 = poor to 5 = excellent). In free-text comments, participants expressed appreciation for the festival and described benefits in attending. Two focus groups were conducted (n = 8 participants, all women), lasting c.1.5 h. Focus groups added rich descriptions of the festival's value, and data to inform the next festival. Conclusion: Findings suggest festivals of this nature can play a central role in a public health approach. Plain language summary: What was the impact of Good Grief Weston festival? Why was the study done? Previous studies have shown that many people feel unsupported by their community after the death of a loved one. We designed a festival to improve knowledge and support for bereaved people. We did this study to assess how the festival affected the people who attended. What did the researchers do? The team included researchers and people and organisations from the local community. Together, we designed and ran a festival on the topic of death, grief and bereavement in Weston-super-Mare, a coastal town with areas of high deprivation. The festival took place over an eight-day period in May 2023 and included creative, interactive and educational events. The team collected feedback on attendees' experiences of the festival. We did this using online and paper feedback forms, postcards, and focus groups to collect as many opinions as possible. What did the researchers find? We found that a wide range of people attended the festival. Most people who took part in the research rated the festival as 'excellent'. They told us they learnt about grief and bereavement and found out about local support services. Attendees met new people, shared their experiences, and felt that the festival built community spirit. They also made suggestions to improve any future festivals. What do the findings mean? The findings show that in-person festivals can effectively engage the public on the topic of death, grief and bereavement. They can also help develop connections between people and organisations in communities. These connections and learning opportunities may help communities to support their members through bereavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophy for Children is a pedagogical approach practised worldwide. Although well known for its contribution to democratic teaching and learning its contribution to critical research is relatively unknown. In this paper we present the use of a Community of Enquiry (CoE), as conceptualised in Philosophy for Children, as a qualitative research method that foregrounds participant voice. Framed through Freirean critical pedagogy and social transformation, we present research undertaken with primary pre-service teachers in England, exploring their emerging teacher identity, and detail the method of how a CoE was enabled. We conclude and advocate that a CoE aligns with a research axiology concomitant with ethical critical practices and argue for an environment that enables the researcher, and participants, to generate data collaboratively and collectively through democratic dialogue. Finally, our findings show that a CoE can have much to offer qualitative critical scholars beyond its originally intended pedagogical contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an account of the everyday workplace learning of cycle technicians. Derived from an ethnography of working cultures and practices at a bike shop in the North of England, this paper rests on a critical reading of Communities of Practice theory in order to explore the complex and heterogeneous learning of cycle technicians. Drawing on a series of vignettes constructed from the ethnographic data, the paper demonstrates the variety of experiences of both formal and informal learning that characterise the trajectories of new cycle technicians as they enter the industry. In addition to providing an account of a qualified and specialist workforce that is under-represented in extant research literature, the paper also provides an exemplar for ethnographic research as a vehicle for exploring working practices through a Communities of Practice lens, using the paradigmatic theoretical elements of the theory. The paper concludes by arguing that for cycle technicians, and perhaps other occupations as well, Communities of Practice theory can generate rich and complex accounts that do justice to the richness and complexity of the craft and practice being observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of a multiple true-false (MTF) examination paper in public health medicine for 149 clinical medical students was evaluated using predefined performance criteria to offer guidelines for improvement of such a paper. There were 35 questions, each with five true-false branches, and the performance of the overall best 25% of candidates was compared for individual items with that of the overall worst 25%. To improve discrimination between best and worst candidates, 60% of items needed changes, and several indicators were used to identify how, usually because the branch was too easy (26%), unpopular (16%) or too hard (10%). A number of guidelines for writing good MTF questions and for improving them are suggested. The inequity is illustrated of marking systems which do not allocate a negative mark for incorrect answers equal in size to the positive mark for correct ones, with zero for unanswered questions or 'don't know' answers.

This paper explores the genesis of D.L. Davie's 1962 paper on 'Normal drinking in recovered alcohol addicts' in terms of the background and training of its author and the institutional context within which he worked. Davies was born in 1911 and died in 1982. Alter a brilliant undergraduate medical career and war service in command of a military hospital, Davies joined the staff of the Maudsley Hospital in 1946 and was exposed to the intellectual influence of Aubrey Lewis. The research tradition to which he was introduced emphasised case description. The 1962 paper radically challenged perceived wisdom by purporting to describe 7 'alcohol addicts' who had achieved sustained, controlled drinking over a 7-11 year period. A subsequent follow-up of these cases suggested that Davies had been substantially mislead, and the paradox exists that a widely influential paper which did much to stimulate new thinking was based on faulty data. Some possible explanations for the occurrence of such a scientific accident are considered and the relevance of this story for the present day.

Comments on an article on populist journalism, in relation to a court hearing in Bristol, England in 1998. Excerpt from an editorial on professional self-regulation; Issue surrounding the revalidation of doctors by Great Britain's General Medical Council; Criticism against the practice of journalism.