Search

This study examines the tensions between newcomer migrants and established immigrants in the workforce in the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants in a food-manufacturing company to investigate how solidarity and conflict among groups of migrants impact their ability to integrate into the workplace. The research found that heightened levels of conflict occur between new and long-term immigrants. This engenders segregation as well as discrimination within the immigrant groups, which then hampers their career growth opportunities. The results have important consequences for diversity and inclusion in the workforce. The study shows that diversity needs a greater and wider focus than the current emphasis on the local population vs. immigrant paradigm. More attention should be devoted to tackling tensions between groups of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate estimation of international migration is hampered by a lack of timely and comprehensive data, and by the use of different definitions and measures of migration in different countries. In an effort to address this situation, we complement traditional data sources for the United Kingdom with social media data: our aim is to understand whether information from digital traces can help measure international migration. The Bayesian framework proposed is used to combine data from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Facebook Advertising Platform to study the number of European migrants in the United Kingdom, with the aim of producing more accurate estimates of the numbers of European migrants. The overarching model is divided into a Theory-Based Model of migration and a Measurement Error Model. We review the quality of the LFS and Facebook data, paying particular attention to the biases of these sources. The results indicate visible yet uncertain differences between model estimates using the Bayesian framework and individual sources. Sensitivity analysis techniques are used to evaluate the quality of the model. The advantages and limitations of this approach, which can be applied in other contexts, are discussed. We cannot necessarily trust any individual source, but combining them through modeling offers valuable insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Challenges of weak economic growth, population decline, and labour shortages led many countries across the world to introduce immigration policy changes in order to attract foreign migrants. This paper focuses on Japan (Tokyo) and the UK (Birmingham, Edinburgh and Glasgow) given common concerns over long term demographic trends and the burgeoning lack of labour supply in particular sectors of the economy through use of foreign labour. The paper shifts the focus from efforts focused on attracting and selecting foreign labour to the retention of such individuals. Drawing on research with EU migrants in Japan and the UK, the paper highlights how staying may occur after a period of mobility, rather than only being of relevance to those who never left their home region. The paper develops a new conceptual framework, which helps to identify different dimensions that shape migrant staying as a temporal process. It is highlighted how staying is shaped incrementally and facilitated or undermined over time in relation to the reciprocal importance of diverse assets, anchors and the changing biographies of migrants and the places in which they live – as well as the relational aspects of migrants' 'linked lives'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A relevant question within the growing debate on immigration policy concerns the impact of granting immigrants free access to the welfare system. I analyse the case of the European 2004 Accession (A8) countries and the lift of the temporary limitations to benefit eligibility that citizens from these countries faced until April 2011 in the UK. When the restrictions are relaxed A8 immigrants claim more benefits, but labour supply adjustments occur mainly for those who are more in need for assistance, namely women and the less educated, especially in the presence of children. Moreover, I provide evidence on two potential indirect effects. First, my results support the absence of magnet effects, as arrivals do not change from before to after the change in eligibility rules. Second, I show that granting immigrants access to welfare does not change the composition of the incoming flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate interventions for assisting transnational social workers (TSWs), nurses and teachers in their transition into the receiving country are significant for enabling competent and safe professional practice. These professionals form a significant part of the professional workforce of many countries as globalisation and liberal migration policies encourage many to cross borders for professional practice. Engaging in employment overseas, however, is a challenging process for them as it entails relocating to a new country and working in unfamiliar sociocultural and practice contexts. While some form of profession-wide assistance is found in nursing and teaching, social workers rarely receive any such interventions. This article discusses existing support offered to transnational nurses and teachers in English-speaking countries such as the UK, US, New Zealand, Australia and Canada and suggests how a similar approach to social workers can assist their transitioning into the receiving country. It draws on the findings of a thematic review of the literature addressing support for transnational nurses, teachers and social workers. The imperative of interventions to assist transition of TSWs into host countries is explored and the article concludes with recommendations for some intervention strategies and mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this report is to analyse the effect of immigration from A8 countries on wages of UK residents using the UK Labour Force Survey data. The analysis finds no significant overall impact of A8 immigration on the wages of those already resident in the UK. Our findings suggest that it is not necessary for policy makers to impose additional restrictions on immigrants from the European Union. Furthermore, any potential negative effects on unskilled resident workers can be mitigated by policies such as a robust minimum wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

West and East Europeans have been important components of the migration flows into the UK in the last decade, but they remain largely under-studied. This paper utilises 12 quarters of the Labour Force Survey for the years 2002–2013 to examine patterns of over-qualification and their impact on those migrants' earnings. The findings show a clear and greater penalty for East Europeans. They were more likely than the majority White-British and West European migrants to be substantially over-qualified and have earned the lowest pay premium on their excess education. The East European migrants' double penalty is explained by their over-concentration in the secondary labour market where discrimination by employers, exploitation and lower rewards are common practices. Contrary to this, West European migrants enjoy a much better labour market position as they are able to successfully negotiate access to its primary sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on working in the National Health Service (NHS) as an immigrant nurse. Topics include the NHS could be described as ‘one NHS with many nationalities, the qualified nurse can set up intravenous medication and perform venepuncture, cannulation and catheterisation without separate assessments, and the statistics give a clear picture of the importance of immigrant nurses to the NHS workforce.

The migration of health care professionals exposes the individual to a variety of challenges as they adjust to the host country's workforce system. While there is a growing body of literature on the individual transition stage of internationally qualified health care professionals, little is known about the overall process and how each stage interacts with the others. To examine what is known about factors impacting transition experiences of internationally qualified health care professionals at various stages from pre- to post-arrival in their new country. Scoping review incorporating narrative synthesis was conducted. A range of databases were searched, including CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and ProQuest, as well as reference lists. The adapted framework methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute informed this review. The review included qualitative and quantitative primary peer-reviewed research studies focusing on transition experiences of internationally qualified health care professionals. Included studies were analysed and synthesised using a three-step narrative synthesis. A total of 48 studies were included in the review from nursing, medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and midwifery, with the majority from nursing. The majority of the internationally qualified health care professionals migrated from Philippine, India, and South Africa to the US, UK, Canada, and Australia. Four themes emerged from the review: misguided migration (pre-arrival), a shocking reality (early arrival), challenging accreditation and orientation (registration), and multidimensional work challenge (post-registration). Identified issues impacting the transition experience of internationally qualified health care professionals across different disciplines and nations were generally similar. Misinformation resulted in unexpected realities upon arrival in destination countries, ineffective accreditation procedures during registration and inadequate support in destination countries led to workplace challenges. With ongoing recruitment of international health care workers, a holistic approach that considers the various stages of transition is necessary to assist in establishing new identities and integrating into the destination country's workforce. This includes informing internationally qualified health professionals accurately about professional and cultural expectations in host countries prior to migration, implementing culturally specific training upon arrival in the destination country, developing and implementing effective accreditation and registration policies, and providing structured mentorship and support following employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the importance and role of international medical graduates (IMGs) in the National Health Service (NHS) and the challenges faced by them. It mentions that IMGs are the doctors that pursue their medical qualification outside Great Britain, European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland. It also talks about the world health report presented by World Health Organization (WHO) related to the uneven distribution and lack of appropriate number of health workers.

The article discusses how post-2004 Polish immigrants in Great Britain narrate success and failure in their lives. It identifies and analyses inter-related narrations specific to the transnational form of migration. It considers migrants' transnational orientation as a resource for narratively producing a successful biography. The article makes use of a biographical perspective and embeds the analysis in theories of biographical action, while adding new knowledge to the scholarship of migration. It argues that failure is relative to a normatively, locally fixed expectation of success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the role of social networks in the labour market, comparing immigrant and native men in the UK. We first explore the determinants of using social networks as a channel for looking for jobs. Our focus does not only lie on the main search method of job search, rather we also use information on whether social networks are used as a method of search among many alternative ones. We subsequently investigate the social network effects on labour market outcomes in terms of job-finding rates. On the basis of the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey for the period 1992 to 2010, the analysis explores the role of two key aspects of immigrants′ human capital: the education level and years since immigration. We show that immigrants are more likely than White British-born to rely on using social networks as a main search method, although no crucial difference is found when using personal contacts as a method of job search. However, immigrants are as likely as natives to find employment through their social network, yet among both groups, the less educated are more likely to succeed in obtaining jobs through contacts. Finally, the findings reveal no systematic pattern in the effect of years in the UK on job search success among immigrant groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare participation of immigrant groups in the UK, which has experienced a large growth in its immigrant flows and population levels in recent years, especially following EU enlargement in 2004. The analysis particularly focuses on the types of benefits that immigrants tend to claim, as well as examining differences by area of origin. It also examines the factors that determine social assistance benefit claims, including an investigation of the impact of education, ethnicity and years since migration. Design/methodology/approach – A series of probit regression models are estimated using data from the UK Labour Force Survey collected between 2004 and 2009. Findings – Social welfare claims vary considerably by immigrant group as well as by the type of benefit claimed in the UK. There are also differences by immigrant group in the factors determining social assistance claims. Research limitations/implications – It is very difficult to generalise on the issue of welfare participation by immigrants in the UK. This is important, given policy changes towards migrants from non-EU countries and in relation to welfare reforms. Originality/value – The limited previous work in this area for the UK has tended to analyse all benefit claims made by immigrants as a whole, whereas this analysis splits immigrants into different groups and focuses on the types of benefits that are claimed. This has important implications, particularly given the recent increase in immigration to the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to an understanding of how different institutional contexts produce similar outcomes as regards the employment of migrant workers in care work. It examines how the employment of migrant care workers in both the familial provision of care and the formal provision of care services for older people is shaped, first, by the marketisation of care and, second, by immigration controls. The analysis draws on data on the employment of migrant care workers by families in Italy and by providers of residential and home care services in the UK. It is argued that marketisation processes and immigration controls have contributed to the employment of migrant workers across so-called informal/formal types of care provision, and irregular/regular types of care work and migration. While the institutional contexts in which migrant care labour is located may differ, converging outcomes are evident regarding the structural positioning of migrant workers within the provision of care for older people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explores the implications for recruitment and retention in the hospitality industry as a result of the increasing involvement of Polish migrants in the workforce. The research draws on primary data collected using netnography, a modern version of ethnography, from a sample of Polish migrant workers. The merits and difficulties of using this technique are explored and the rationale for the use of netnography as an appropriate research method is outlined. A number of findings are discussed relating to job choice, methods of job sceking, English language issues, and status of the sector. Initial findings indicate it is common for Poles to find their first job in the UK in the hospitality sector due to low entry barriers, ease of access, the lack of required specific skills, high staff turnover, and demand for seasonal workers. There is also a common trend in perceiving the sector as a transient one. In light of these findings the implications for the recruitment and retention of migrant workers are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant workers constitute a vital component of many Western labour markets. Although migrants can benefit greatly by moving to higher-wage economies, it is important to compare their labour-market outcomes with those of native-born workers. In this paper, we discuss factors that have been found to influence labour-market success in the receiving country and examine the actual performance of recent migrants to the UK. The UK provides a good case study for conducting such an exercise because of the very large increases in immigration that have been seen over the past decade. We find that labour-market performance varies greatly between migrant groups and that outcomes have changed noticeably following the UK government's decision to allow migrants from Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries more or less free access to the labour market after EU enlargement in 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dramatic change in the size and direction of emigration from Ireland has taken place over the past 20 years. The most striking feature is the sharp decline in movement to Britain from the Republic of Ireland, a traditional supplier of labour for well over 200 years. By contrast there has been a small increase in emigration from Northern Ireland, an important element of which is higher education students from Protestant backgrounds, who may be permanent migrants. Detailed statistics available from the Central Statistics Office of the Republic of Ireland show that proportionately more women have left as gross numbers have declined. This reflects the persistence of social, rather than predominantly economic, causes of emigration, also evident in the range of socially excluded people for whom Britain represents a 'safety valve'. Two groups now characterise the Irish population in Britain; the ageing 1950s cohort and their children and grandchildren, the large second and third generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses two recent UK surveys to investigate the determinants of language proficiency and the effect of language on earnings and employment probabilities of non-white immigrants. We address the problem of endogenous choice of language acquisition and measurement error in language variables. Our results show that language acquisition, employment probabilities, as well as earnings differ widely across non-white immigrants, according to their ethnic origin. Language proficiency has a positive effect on employment probabilities, and lack of English fluency leads to earning losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, queuing theory is tested through an examination of the occupational attainment of six groups of non-whites in London and New York. Workers in the dominant economy are distinguished from those in the niche economy and emphasis is placed on the former. Black male immigrants in New York and black female immigrants in London hold more favorable occupational status. These results reflect differences in (1) the presence of indigenous minorities--African Americans and Puerto Ricans--in New York but not London, and (2) the relatively low position of indigenous minority males compared to the relatively middling position of indigenous minority females in New York's labor queue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the central indicator of the effects of migration on the earnings of unemployed people in Great Britain. The relocation of people who are unemployed or threatened by unemployment are usually based on a very short period of observation following migration. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the earnings of migrants may increase partly because their volume of employment will increase, and partly because they will have more productive work. On the other hand, its is highly probable that for people who migrate when they have become unemployed, the labor market situation will get worse.

This paper assesses the performance of immigrants in the UK labour market. After reviewing the changes in the source countries of immigration using data from the GHS over the period 1973–92, we document the significantly higher level of schooling attained by immigrants relative to natives. This education gap has risen over successive cohorts primarily because of changes in the national origin of immigrants. Our analysis of relative wages shows that the main group of disadvantaged immigrants are blacks who have significant foreign work experience. However, there are strong assimilation effects for this group so that this disadvantage is reduced significantly as duration in the United Kingdom increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the implication of labor force macroeconomic projections for the composition of the population in Great Britain. The impact of these projections on both labor productivity and participation between immigrants and residents, and on the country's gross domestic product (GDP), is evaluated. Future wages, inflationary effect and labor productivity are computed based on low and high net migration variants.