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Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reviewed the latest research advancements in the catalytic activity and mechanisms of several cyanate ester-curing systems catalyzed by active hydrogen catalysts, transition metal complexes, ultraviolet light activated catalysts, organic tin catalysts, and ionic liquids. The prospect for the future trend in the low-temperature curing catalytic systems of cyanate esters were also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim is to use the ionic liquids to desulfurize and decarboinze the natural gas extracted from the gas field in order to meet the requirements of GB 17820-2018 Natural gas. Methods As a new type of green solvent, ionic liquids' physical and chemical properties can be regulated by anions and cations. The potential of ionic liquids to replace or supplement traditional absorption solvents for natural gas purification was discussed by combining and summarising the relevant literature of domestic and foreign scholars. Results The purification process of ionic liquids has a good effect for acid gas absorption. Although conventional and functional ionic liquids are high-viscoity and expensive, the combination of amine solvents can effectively reduce or avoid such problems. Conclusions The research progress of CO2 and H2S absorpted by ionic liquids in recent years is reviewed, which provides a valuable reference for its application in natural gas desulfurization and decarbonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed a microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction method to extract three alkaloids (berberine, palmatine, and berbamine) from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. . Initially, the impact of the type of ionic liquid and liquid-tosolid ratio on extraction efficiency was investigated through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, the effects of ionic liquid concentration, extraction time, and temperature on extraction efficiency were further explored. The Box-Behnken response surface methodology was then applied to optimize and obtained the optimal extraction process, which was subsequently compared with traditional extraction methods. The research findings indicated that [Bmim] [Br] solution exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for the alkaloids. The optimal extraction conditions included an ionic liquid concentration of 0. 31 mol/L, a temperature of 94°C, and an extraction time of 15 minutes. Under these conditions, the yields of berberine, palmatine, and berbamine were 0. 047%±0. 003%, 0.421%± 0. 011%, and 1.150%±0. 028%, respectively. Compared to the traditional water heating reflux method, the extraction efficiencies were 9. 3%, 12. 8%, and 23. 6% higher, respectively. This study demonstrates that the use of microwave-assisted ionic liquid extraction technology can efficiently extract alkaloids from the bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., providing a theoretical basis and empirical support for the extraction of active components from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research progress on the conversion of cellulose into typical platform compound molecules 5-hydroxymethylfurfural under different catalytic systems is systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different catalytic systems used are described. The main factors limiting the efficient conversion of cellulose into platform compounds at present are analyzed, and it is pointed out that future efficient catalysts should have both efficient catalytic activity and easy separation. Among them, the coupled reaction of temperature-responsive ionic liquid catalyst and two liquid phase system can achieve the efficient homogeneous catalytic reaction, and the purpose of product separation, which will be widely used in this field in the future. It will provide a reference for future research on the efficient conversion of cellulose into platform compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquid catalysts were synthesized using 1-vinyl-3-benzyl imidazolium chloride, 1-benzy 1-3- methyl imidazolium chloride, and 1-benzyl-3-ethyl imidazolium chloride as cations, with anhydrous aluminum chloride (AlCl3) serving as the anion. It was observed that the catalyst synthesized from 1-vinyl-3-benzyl imidazolium chloride and AlCl3 demonstrated enhanced selectivity. The influence of anion/cation molar ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst dosage on PAO performance. When the catalyst's anion to cation molar ratio was maintained at 2:1, and the reaction conditions were set at a temper-ature of 80 °C, a duration of 3 h, and a catalyst loading of 7%, an outstanding catalytic performance was achieved. Under these conditions, the conversion rate of 1-decene surpassed 90%, resulting in the produc-tion of high viscosity index base oil. This oil exhibited a kinematic viscosity of 52.9 mm²/s at 40 °C and 8.7 mm²/s at 100 °C, along with a viscosity index of 142. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of the applications of ionic liquids (ILs) in inorganic synthesis. The main functions of ILs used in inorganic synthesis are discussed briefly, such as the template agents, solvents, and precursors. Moreover, the interaction type between ILs and the surface of targets, and the adsorption selectivity of ILs guided by “geometric matching principle” are both briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide (AMIB) was used as an aqueous additive to prepare high-performance nanofiltration membranes by interfacial polymerization. The chemical composition of the membranes was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the changes in the surface and cross-section morphology of the membranes before and after the modification were observed by scanning electron microscope. The changes in the roughness of the membranes were observed by atomic force microscope, and the membrane surface hydrophilicity before and after modification was compared by water contact angle tester. The separation performance and water flux of the membrane before and after modification were tested by staggered-flow filtration flat-plate membrane tester. The results showed that compared with the unmodified NF membranes, the modified membranes had a looser structure, a thinner membrane thickness, and the surface became hydrophilic. The modified membranes maintained a high level of 99% rejection of Na2SO4 while the water flux was greatly increased from 50.27 L/(m²⋅h) before modification to 75.97 L/(m²⋅h). The long-term stability was excellent. The mechanism linking the structure and performance of AMIB composite modified nanofiltration membranes was further explored, which provided new ideas and methods for the preparation of high-performance nanofiltration membranes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two mixed systems consisting of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surface-active ionic liquid were studied. The mixture of sodium octanesulfonate (SOS) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C10mim]Br), and the mixture of SOS and 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br), were both investigated using surface tension measurement. The parameters, such as critical micelle concentration (cmc), surface tension at cmc (γcmc), surface pressure at cmc (Πcmc), maximum surface excess (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule (Amin), were obtained. The mixed micellar parameters including micellar mole fraction (X1m), micellar interaction parameters (βm) and activity coefficients (f1m), and f2m), were calculated by applying Rubingh's regular solution theory. The calculated parameters confirmed that there were strong synergy in all these mixed systems, and the interaction of SOS with [C14mim]Br was stronger than that with [C10mim]Br. Thermodynamic parameters for mixed monolayers and mixed micelles were calculated and discussed, which indicated that the mixed micelles were spontaneously formed and were thermodynamically stable systems. Turbidity measurement was conducted using spectrophotometry. The phase diagrams were plotted for each system based on visual observations and absorbance values. The mixed systems of SOS/[C10mim[Br and SOS/[C14mim[Br all exhibited three concentration regions: a low-concentration homogeneous solution region, a two-phase region, and a high-concentration homogeneous solution region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to investigate the effects of Ionic Liquid (IL) additives on the tribological properties of the key pairs of internal combustion engine, nitriding cylinder liner and molybdenum spray piston ring under high-reinforcement conditions, the lubricating oil with 2% ionic liquid mass fraction is used to lubricate the pairs. By analyzing the surface morphology, composition and tribological chemical reaction products of the worn pairs, the paper investigates wear behavior and relates mechanism of pair under ionic liquid lubrication, and evaluates its influence on friction, wear and wear characteristics of pairs. The experimental results show that the ionic liquid additive can improve the tribological properties of nitriding cylinder liner and molybdenum injection piston ring pair. The ionic liquid has the best tribological properties at 180 °C, which is related to the tribological chemical reaction of ionic liquid on the surface of cylinder liner and its products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has become an important part of China's carbon neutral technologies. Compared with the organic amine absorbers conventionally used in the industrial field, functional ionic liquids with low volatility, high stability and site designability show unique advantages in CO2 capture by chemical absorptions. The research progress of functional ionic liquids for CO2 capture in recent years was reviewed. The structural classification and synthesis strategies of functional ionic liquids were briefly described. Three types of active sites (nitrogen site, oxygen site and carbon site) of functional ionic liquids and the corresponding capture mechanisms were described in detail. And the future research directions of CO2 capture by functional ionic liquids were prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemical Engineering (China) / Huaxue Gongcheng is the property of Hualu Engineering Science & Technology Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To analyze the research status and development trend of ionic liquids toxicology, VOSviewer and HistCite software were used to visually analyze the countries, institutions, authors, keywords, etc. of 1 178 ionic liquids toxicology related to literatures in the Web of Science core database from 2000 to 2021. The results show that: the number of literatures in the field of ionic liquids toxicology is increasing year by year, and China is far ahead of other countries in both the number of papers published and the total citation score. At present, the paper is mainly based on team cooperation within institutions, with strong independence. Although Chinese institutions and authors rank higher in the number of papers published, their total local citation score is not outstanding. The main focus of research in ionic liquids toxicology is imidazolium. The research focuses on the evaluation of lethality and composition changes in organisms, and the construction of structure-activity relationship models between ionic liquids and organisms. The mechanism of ionic liquids toxicity and combined pollution may be the focus of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a new class of green electrolyte systems owing to their unique characteristics of no proton interference, wide electrochemical window, low vapor pressure, good electrical conductivity, and low melting point. Electrodeposition is a promising high-precision coating method for the tunable preparation of high-performance metal-based film materials. Remarkably, electrodeposition can be easily tuned by tailoring the operating parameters, such as current density, type of current control, potential applied and the deposition model, electrolyte composition and pH, temperature, and the choice of additives, thus garnering various industrial applications. Recently, preparing metal and alloy coatings electrodeposited from ILs has been widely used in materials synthesis, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, and other fields. Metal and alloy electrodeposition from ILs can address the drawbacks of conventional aqueous systems, such as limited electrochemical windows and easy interference from hydrogen evolution side reactions. Unlike high-temperature molten salts, ILs can be used for the electrodeposition of active metals (such as aluminum, titanium, and rare earth metals) and their alloys at low temperatures and under relatively mild conditions. Nevertheless, ILs have high viscosity, leading to a low ion migration rate and easy-to-produce concentration polarization during the electrodeposition process, thus impacting the quality and performance of the deposited products and restricting large-scale preparation. Introducing efficient additives can optimize the solvent environment, modify the electrochemical reduction potential of the active species in the IL electrodeposition system, influence the electrochemical crystallization process of the electrodeposited grains, and significantly enhance the microstructure and performance of the deposited layer. However, an effective screening approach is still required, and the action mechanism of additives should be intensively studied. Examining highly efficient and functional additives appropriate for IL electrodeposition systems is crucial to advancing their industrial applications; however, they still face challenges. In this review, recent research progress on additives for the electrodeposition of active, transition, and noble metals and their alloys from ILs is summarized. Moreover, the mechanism, utility, and limitations of the existing additives during the electrodeposition process are systematically analyzed, and the future research directions of these additives for metal and alloy electrodeposition from ILs are prospected. This review can provide researchers with a comprehensive and systematic understanding and stimulate research breakthroughs to accelerate the large-scale application of additive-assisted electrodeposition technology from ILs.

Using Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vularis sludge as raw material, the extraction process of carotenoids from yeast and algae was optimized through single factor and response experiments, and the in vitro antioxidant activity of carotenoids from yeast and algae was investigated. The results showed that the optimal ionic liquid for yeast and algal wall breaking was 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride (BMIMCl), and the optimal extraction process for carotene from yeast and algal sludge was 1 mol/L ionic liquid concentration, pre-treatment temperature of 53 °C, and pre-treatment time of 57 min. Under this condition, the extraction amount of carotene from yeast and algae was 1.311 mg/g. When the mass concentration was 30 μg/mL, the scavenging rates of DPPH free radical, ·OH free radical and ABTS+ free radical were 82.3%, 37.6% and 86.8%, respectively, and the reducing power was 0. 289, showing good antioxidant activity. The yeast and algal sludge treated with BMIMCl had a higher content of extracted carotenoids and better antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Energy Chemical Industry is the property of Energy Chemical Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three kinds of 1,8-diazabicyclic [5.4.0] undecane-7-ene(DBU) derivatives fatty acid-based long-chain ionic liquids were designed and synthesized, the oil solubility, corrosion and anti-wear and antifriction properties of ionic liquids were investigated, the feasibility of these ionic liquids as lubricating oil additives was discussed. The results showed that the fatty acid ionic liquids derived from DBU had good oil solubility and no corrosion to copper sheet, at the same time, the anti-wear and anti-friction property of the oil can be improved. It provides a reference for the research and development of high quality additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to find a green and effective method to separate flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Ultrasonic-assisted choline tryptophan ionic liquid was used to extract flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction of total flavonoids. Aqueous two-phase combined with antisolvent precipitation was used to separate and extract flavonoids, and the components of flavonoids extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the optimum parameters of response surface optimization were ultrasonic time 54.76 min, ultrasonic power 504.8 W and liquid-material ratio 23.5 mL/g, and the predicted extraction rate of total flavonoids was 2.66%. Under the optimized conditions of ultrasonic time 55 min, ultrasonic power 505 W and liquid-material ratio 24 mL/g, the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves was 2.53%. The content of rutin and quercetin in flavonoids extract was 50.88% and 1.26%, respectively. The study indicates that the process used in the experiment is green and environmentally friendly, and can be used as an efficient method for separating and extracting flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In order to find a new absorbent with good absorption performance, low solvent loss, and low energy consumption for CO2 capture, the preparation and performance of guanidine amino acid ionic liquids to capture CO2 in flue gas was investigated. Methods Three kinds of guanidine amino acid ionic liquids with low viscosity, namely [TMG] [Lys], [TMG] [Ala] and [TMG] [Asp] were prepared using tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as a cation and lysine (Lys), alanine (Ala), and aspartic acid (Asp) as anions. The effects of anionic types on CO2 absorption were investigated. Results The alkaline [TMG] [Lys] had a higher CO2 absorption, with a CO2 absorption capacity of 0.64 mol CO2/mol IL under the condition of atmospheric pressure, 45 ℃, and 80 mL/min. The addition of water had a positive effect on the absorption of CO2. The absorption capacity of 30 wt% [TMG] [Lys] aqueous solution increased to 0.99 mol CO2/mol IL and could still keep 0.81 mol CO2/mol IL after 5 absorption-desorption cycles. The decarbonization mechanism of [TMG] [Lys] was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H-NMR). CO2 mainly reacts with the amino group on the anion to form carbamate to achieve efficient capture of CO2 in the flue gas. Conclusions It can provide reference for the development of new absorbents in industrial CO2 capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In order to improve the yield of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate(BPDP) synthesized by one-pot method, alkyl imidazole hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with different spatial structures and electronic groups were used as catalysts. Methods This study compared the effects of N-alkyl imidazole hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with different carbon chains and alkyl imidazole hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with different electronic groups on the yield of BPDP synthesis, and further investigated the effects of catalyst dosage and catalyst circulation on the yield. Results When the side chain structure of the catalyst is ethyl, the yield of BPDP is the highest. Electron-absorbing groups can increase the yield of BPDP, while electron-donating groups can reduce the yield of BPDP. The yield of BPDP is the highest when the catalyst dosage is 1.5 w% of 4-tert butylphenol. The catalyst still has high catalytic activity after 6 cycles of useage. Conclusions The spatial structure and electronic groups of ionic liquid catalysts have a significant effect on the yield of BPDP. When 1-ethyl-2-fluoro-imidazole hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid is used as the catalyst, the yield of BPDP can increase to 85.3 w%, thereby economic benefits can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the normal operation and safety at work of electronic equipment, the research on thermal management of electronic components has continued increasing in recent years. Graphite film produced with polyimide (PI) as the substrate is an important thermal conductivity material, and its thermal conductivity can be improved through doping modification. Compared with solid thermal conductive filler, ionic liquid has better compatibility with polyimide matrix, and has been commonly used in gas separation membrane, colorless polyimide (CP1) and other applications. This article used 4, 4'-diaminobenzoylanilide (DABA) and 3, 3', 4, 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) as monomers, and modified PI films by using l-ethyl-3-methylimi-dazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide(lL) that had the characteristic of multiple hydrogen bond sites. Then, high thermal conductivity graphite film was prepared by graphitization. The research results show that when the 1L content is 5.0 wt%, the grain size of the graphite film is 78.417 nm, the degree of graphitization reaches 88%, and the thermal conductivity reaches 770 W/mK, which is 1.53 times that of the pure PI cornerstone ink film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a green, economical and easy-to-use syringe-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction method was developed for the rapid detection of the residues of 5 fungicides (azoxystrobin, triadimefon, chlorothalonil, cyprodinil, trifloxystrobin) in two fruit juices (grape juice and apple juice) as well as two tea drink samples (green tea and black tea). A novel extraction material was prepared by coating ionic liquids on β-cyclodextrin/attapulgite, and a series of test experiments for the condition optimization of the method were conducted using liquid chromatography for detection. Results revealed that the optimal condition of the method used 40 mg of extraction material and 600 μL of acetone for elution, and 6 dispersion cycles and 7 elution cycles were performed. The detection limits (LOD) for the 5 compounds were 0.03-0.38 μg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.09-1.15 μg/L, with the enrichment factors ranged from 121 to 201. The linear detection range of the five fungicides was 5 to 500 μg/L, with the coefficient of determination (R ²) ranging from 0.9982 to 0.9999. The fortified recoveries were 91%-102%. It showed that the method had good precision and accuracy. The testing results for real samples indicated that the syringe-assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction technology can be used for the extraction of residual fungicides in beverages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University is the property of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zn-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high safety and low cost, however, the growth of Zn dendrites hinders the stability of the battery performance. Here, a strategy is proposed to prepare ionogel electrolytes by incorporating ionic liquids into PVDF-HFP substrate. The cations of the ionic liquids can adsorb onto the Zn tips to form a shielding layer for uniform deposition of Zn2+. In this work, EMIM (OTf), BMIM (OTf), and HMIM (OTf), that belong to imidazolium ionic liquids, were selected to investigate the inhibitory effect of their cation with different side chain length on the growth of Zn dendrite. It was demonstrated that the ionogel electrolyte, prepared from BMIM (OTf) with moderate side chain length, not only suppressed the growth of Zn dendrites effectively and had high ionic conductivity of 1.87 mS/cm, but also had a stable cycle life of 2500 h. The Coulombic efficiency reached 99.30% after 500 cycles and the capacity retention of the full battery was 83.9% after 200 cycles. This work demonstrates the potential application of ionogel electrolytes in the field of high-performance Zn-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polymer Materials Science & Engineering is the property of Sichuan University, Polymer Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Herein， under the modulation of an ionic liquid 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazole bromide (［C14mim］Br), Pt-Pd bimetallic nanomaterials are prepared in one-pot at 90 ℃ in aqueous solution with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the stabilizer. The morphology， structure， components and valence states of the products are characterized and analyzed in detail by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADFSTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) . The results show that except for pure Pd sample， Pt-Pd bimetallic nanomaterials with other Pt/Pd ratios have porous structures. ［C14mim］Br plays an important role in regulating the synthesis of Pt-Pd porous nanomaterials. For the ionic liquids ［Cnmim］Br with the alkyl chain length≥C12， it is beneficial for the formation of porous Pd@Pt spherical structures. In the experiment of the ammonia borane hydrolysis， Pt-Pd bimetallic nanomaterials with.various ratios show higher catalytic activities than commercial Pd/C， among which Pt3Pd7 nanomaterials have the best catalytic performance. The hydrogen generation reaction can be quickly achieved within only 6 min and the hydrogen yield is up to 100%. At 25 ℃， the activation energy (Ea) and the turnover frequency (TOF) values are calculated to be 36. 15 kJ/mol and 35. 72 mol/ (mol·min), respectively. Furthermore， the reaction for the five catalytic cycles can be achieved within 51 min， and the yield can still reach 100%， indicating that the catalyst has high activity and good stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of science and technology, environmentally friendly green chemistry has gradually become the mainstream of the times. Low-toxic, non-toxic, recyclable, and biodegradable materials have become the center of current research. Ionic liquid is a kind of liquid composed entirely of ions. It is a kind of green solvent which is odorless, non-flammable, extremely low in vapor pressure, and recyclable and can be separated from other substances easily. It also has a wide operating temperature range, good thermal and chemical stability. Deep eutectic solvents are a large class of eutectic mixtures that have many similar physical properties to ionic liquids. They are mostly liquids at room temperature. Compared with ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents have lower costs, simpler preparation methods, and better moisture resistance, which makes them more promising in industry. As an emerging research field, deep eutectic solvents have received extensive attention and research in the field of chemistry, but the research on deep eutectic solvents for functional materials for energy and environmental applications is still in the early stage of exploration. In addition to being widely used as inert media and reagents for synthesizing materials, deep eutectic solvents can also be directly used as functional materials, such as electrolytes in electrochemical energy storage devices or adsorbents in adsorption and extraction processes. Therefore, in this review the fundamentals of deep eutectic solvents and their application in the field of material chemistry, especially the application of functional materials is introduced, and the application of deep eutectic solvents in the field of antistatic is analyzed and prospected in combination with related reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquid is a kind of liquid molten salt with low melting point, which has wide liquid phase range, good thermal stability, low vapor pressure, excellent solubility, low toxicity and designability, and can be used as a "green solvent". Polysiloxane has the characteristics of high-low temperature resistance, good thermal stability, good defoaming, foam uniformity, good hydrophobicity and lubricity. The combination of ionic liquid and polysiloxane can integrate both advantages, resulting in the advantages of high surface activity, low viscosity and high conductivity of ionic liquid-based polysiloxane. The synthesis of ionic liquid-based polysiloxane and its application advantages and research progress in the field of photoinitiator, chromatographic analysis, electrolyte and surfactant were reviewed, and its expanded application in the field of coatings was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Owing to their special compositions and structures, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are collectively referred to as (quasi)ionic liquids, have unique physical and chemical properties, such as low melting point and vapor pressure. For decades, the use of (quasi)ionic liquids to prepare catalysts with novel structure and excellent performance has attracted wide attention in the field of water electrolysis. Nickel-based electrocatalysts, as a kind of excellent catalysts for water electrolysis, have been extensively studied in (quasi)ionic liquids. In this review, the research progress of nickel-based catalysts in (quasi)ionic liquids is reviewed according to their types. (1) IL or DES-mediated nickel and nickel-based alloy. Due to the good conductivity of (quasi)ionic liquids and the ability to change the order of metal activity, the (quasi)ionic liquids can be used as media to prepare nickel metal catalysts by electrodeposition methods or galvanic replacement reactions. Furthermore, nickel salts can be designed as a component of (quasi)ionic liquids to obtain binary or ternary alloys with other metal salts. (2) IL or DES-mediated nickel (hydro)oxide. The special liquid structures of (quasi) ionic liquids can regulate the growth process of (hydro)oxide, thereby optimizing the structures and properties of catalysts. (3) IL or DES-mediated nickel-based sulfide. (Quasi)ionic liquids can not only be used as media but also be rationally designed as S sources by designing the compositions. (4) IL or DES-mediated nickel-based phosphides. ILs as media and templates can overcome the shortcomings of conventional solvents. Novel structure and pure phase can be obtained. Meanwhile, the anion and cation of ILs can be rationally designed as phosphorus sources to obtain catalyst with excellent catalytic performance. (5) IL or DES-mediated nickelbased nitride. Conventional imidazolium-type IL cations contain nitrogen, while anions can also involve nitrogen. Therefore, the use of ILs to prepare nickel-based nitrides or nitrogen-doped nickel-based catalysts has attracted much attention. In summary, combining with the work of our research group, as described in this review, (quasi)ionic liquids can be used as media, templates, and reactants for preparation of nickel-based catalysts, by which not only excellent performance will be obtained, but also the reaction system is simplified, thus to reduce emissions and realize atomic economy. Finally, the possible future development direction of this field is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of ionic liquids in synthetic rubber synthesis and processing were reviewed with 25 references, the applications as processing agent and filler modifier were emphasized in detail, the future development direction of ionic liquids in synthetic rubber was prospected.

Copyright of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (1673-2812) is the property of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has a certain research foundation in the field of gas absorption. In view of its cheap and easy-to-obtain raw materials, simple preparation method, and green environmental protection, it is an industrial solvent which can replace ionic liquids. The solvent has broad application prospects which can be used to solve the industrial problem of H2S removal in small and medium-scale conventional sour natural gas. Methods FeCl3/EG deep eutectic solvent was prepared by ferric chloride hexahydrate and ethylene glycol (EG), and anhydrous copper chloride (CuCl2) was added in it to promote H2S absorption, and finally FeCl3/EG-CuCl2 was synthesized as a DES desulfurizer. The influence of factors such as the ratio of desulfurizer raw materials, reaction temperature and CuCl2 concentration on the desulfurization performance was focused on, and the regeneration conditions were explored. Results The FeCl3/EG deep eutectic solvent with a raw material molar ratio of 1∶1 had a better desulfurization effect. Appropriately increasing the reaction temperature and CuCl2 concentration was more conductive to promoting H2S absorption. The desulfurizer could be regenerated by introducing oxygen, and the desulfurization performance would not change much after repeated desulfurization-regeneration. The desulfurization product was characterized by XRD as rhombic sulfur (α-sulfur). Conclusions The DES desulfurizer can efficiently absorb H2S and convert it into elemental sulfur, realize the recycling of sulfur and provide a reference for the process of removing H2S from natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lignite is extremely hydrophilic; thus it is difficult to upgrade its quality by conventional flotation. In this study, cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (CCM) was used as the collector for quartz. The effect of CCM dosage on reverse flotation of Shengli lignite was investigated by different slurry mixing methods. And the dissolution properties of CCM and its mechanism of collecting quartz were studied via surface tensitometer and FTIR. The flotation results show that, due to the strong hydrophilicity of Shengli lignite, the performance of direct flotation is poor. With reverse flotation, the yield of clean coal and the flotation perfection are obviously improved. Besides, the reverse flotation with the zero-conditioning is more efficient than the conventional one. FTIR results show that the adsorption of CCM barely change the functional groups of quartz, indicating that CCM was adsorbed on the surface of quartz through electrostatic adsorption to collect quartz. Meanwhile, CCM adsorption significantly reduces the content of hydroxyl oxygen-containing functional groups of quartz, leading to an increase of the content of hydrophobic groups such as long-chain alkyl. As a result, the hydrophobicity of quartz was improved, and the reverse flotation of lignite was promoted.

In liquidliquid extraction systems, extractants and extracted complexes may have surface activity, resulting in the formation of a variety of supramolecular assemblies such as vesicles and micelles. The assemblies are limited at microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Researches on interface of extraction also focus on microscopic and mesoscopic scales at present. Recently, our group first reported macroscopic supramolecular assembly(MSA) at the interface of extraction systems. The interface can be studied on macroscopic scales by MSA. The process of MSA in ionic liquids(ILs) based extraction systems also provides a new way to study complex supramolecular interactions between ILs and mediums. This review focused on microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic supramolecular assembly in extraction systems. First, the interface properties and the process of ion exchange in extraction were summarized. Next, the structures of mesoscopic supramolecular assemblies were reviewed . Finally, the macroscopic supramolecular assembly(MSA) at the interface of extraction systems and its application on separation were emphatically introduced. The MSA process at the interface enriches the extraction methods. And the Marangoni effect presented at the interface supplies a new approach to provide continuous driving force, which is an important scientific problem in the field of MSA.

Ionic liquids are considered to have promising applications in the extraction and separation in nuclear fuel reprocessing processes. Conventional extractants exhibit superior extractive performance in ionic liquids than in conventional solvent systems, thus the role of ionic liquids themselves is worth investigating. This paper reviews the interactions between metal ions/complexes and the cations/anions of ionic liquids in the extraction and separation of lanthanides and actinides studied by molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations.

The separation of strontium is important in the recovery of radioactive resources. Ionic liquids(ILs) based extraction systems of Sr have been greatly expanded, but the separation of Sr and Cs remains a problem. In addition, the problem of radioactive waste affects the application of IL systems in the field of spent fuel reprocessing. In this work, the macroscopic supramolecular assembly(MSA) of strontium at the interface of IL extraction systems and its basic research on the extraction of Sr were reported. The MSA behavior of Sr2+ in ionic liquid based extraction systems was studied and the structure of Sr-MSA was analyzed by mass spectrometry, 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. Sr-MSA was formed by using CnOHmimNTf2 (n=2, 3) as the ILs and CMPO, TODGA as the extractants. The three step mechanism of MSA process is proposed: complexes formed by Sr2+ and CMPO are extracted to IL phase. The complexes and IL assemble into nanoparticles driven by non covalent interactions such as electrostatic attraction, hydrogen, hydrophobic interaction. The nanoparticles aggregate into mesoscopic assemblies. The mesoscopic assemblies move to the interface and grow further into macroscopic intermediates. The intermediates finally generate into Sr-MSA under the traction from Marangoni effect. A new method for the selective extraction and one step solidification of Sr2+ from aqueous solutions was developed. The Sr-MSA can be taken out with tweezers easily from aqueous solution. The method can still be used in high acidity environment.

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 3-(N,N-dimethylbutylamine) propanesulfonic acid p-toluenesulfonate[DBPA][Tos], 3-(N,N-dimethyloctylamine) propanesulfonate p-toluenesulfonate[DOPA][Tos], 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylamine) propanesulfonate p-toluene sulfonate[DDPA][Tos] ionic liquids are prepared for catalytic synthesis of methyl oleate. The structures of the three ionic liquids are characterized by FT-IR, TG-DTG analytical methods, and the catalytic performance of the ionic liquids in esterification is investigated. The results show that when the reaction temperature is 60 °C, the reaction time is 2 h, the molar ratio of alcohol to acid is 12:1, and the dosage of [DDPA][Tos] is 10 mmol, the conversion of oleic acid can reach 99.4%. The catalysts also have good catalytic activity and reusability. Alkane-based ionic liquids are efficient catalysts for industrial production of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]