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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae always faces various environmental stresses during industrial-scale fermentation, including oxidation, high temperature, acid, ethanol, and hyperosmosis. Therefore, screening and breeding of strains with high tolerance to these stresses is of great significance for industrial applications. It is well known that DNA recombination enzyme, nucleic acid repair enzyme, and other proteins involved in nucleic acid repair pathway play important roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses. Based on that, the effects of endogenous nucleic acid excision and repair genes (RAD16, RAD7, RAD23 and RAD4) and exogenous genes (UVRA) on the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to different stresses were investigated by gene editing. The results showed that overexpression of RAD16, RAD7, RAD23 and RAD4 could improve the tolerance against osmotic stress in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, overexpression of UVRA gene from bacterium Acetobacter pasteurii could also improve the tolerance against osmotic stress, suggesting that the function of UVRA was conserved between eukaryotic and procaryotic cells. This results were beneficial to improvement of the tolerance of S. cerevisiae strains, especially under high osmotic stress, and also provide a novel strategy to reveal the mechanism of tolerance in yeast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to improve the cell wall-breaking rate of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its application value. The effects of heat, alkali and ultrasonic synergistic treatment on the cell wall-breaking rate of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScY01 strain were explored. The results showed that the wall-breaking rate of ScY01 strain with a concentration of 6 g/L was 91.78% when treated with heat (boiling water bath 12.5 min), alkali (sodium hydroxide 0.6 g) and ultrasonic crushing (ultrasonic power 450 W, radiation time 11 s, radiation interval 15 s, ultrasonic time 20 min). The amount of protein released after cell fragmentation was used for preliminary application characterization, the total protein release by synergistic treatment was 11.54 times higher than that of alkali alone, 10.26 times higher than that by boiling alone, and 4.01 times higher than that by ultrasonic alone. The study indicates that the synergistic treatment is suitable for model Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CEN.PK2-1c, and the experimental results can provide a new method for efficient crushing of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

40 strain s of yeast were isolated by traditional pure culture method from Special-flavor Baijiu Daqu produced in autumn. The colony morphology, cell morphology, ascospores of them were observed and classified, and combined with molecular identification of 26S rRNA, 8 yeast strains were identified. They were named Trichosporonasah ii NCUF 301.1, Pichia kudriavzevii NCUF 302.1, Saccharomyces cersvisiae NCUF 303.1, Wickerhamomyces anomalus NCUF 304.1, Torulaspora delbrueckii NCUF 305.1,Candida glabrata NCUF 306. 1,Millerozyma farinose NCUF 307.1 and Pichia anomala NCUF 308.1. The fermentation power,esterification power and volatile metabolites of these 8 yeast strain s we re systematically analyzed. The results showed that the fermentation power of S. cerevisiae NCUF 303.1 was significantly higher than that of other yeast strain s (5.22 U • g- 1 ),and the esterification power and volatile metabolite content of W. anomalus NCUF 304.1 we re highest, which we r e 60 U • g - 1 and 7.73 mg• kg- 1,respectively. Our results could provide a theoretical basis for screening high fermentation performance S. cerevisiae and aroma-producing yeasts used for practical brewing production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the effectiveness of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with phototherapy in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Methods The neonates with hyperbilirubinemia who were hospitalized from January to December 2018 were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group (n=61) and a control group (n=63). The neonates in the observation group were treated with phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii, and those in the control group were treated with phototherapy combined with placebo. Treatment outcomes were compared between the two groups. Fecal samples were collected 72 hours after treatment and 16s rRNA highthroughput sequencing was used to compare the features of gut microbiota between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the total serum bilirubin level between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, the observation group had a significantly lower level of total serum bilirubin than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly lower proportion of neonates requiring phototherapy again [20% (12/61) vs 75% (47/63), P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides (P<0.05) and a significantly lower abundance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus in the intestine at 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions In neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, phototherapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii can effectively reduce bilirubin level and prevent the recurrence of jaundice. Saccharomyces boulardii can favour the treatment outcome by regulating the gut microbiota of neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the different clinical efficacy of Triple therapy or Quadruple therapy with saccharomyces boulardii in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods 280 H. pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer were randomly divided into four groups: Triple therapy group, Triple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group, Quadruple therapy group, Quadruple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group. The course of treatment lasted 14 days. The outcome of eradication therapy was assessed by 14C-urea breath test performed at 5th week after the end of treatment, 14C-UBT showed negative meant H.pylori was eradicated, otherwise, meant treatment failure. The adverse reactions, compliance and tolerance were compared among four groups. The outcome of 14C-UBT was collected on month 3, 6, 9, 12 and analyzed for the recurrent rates. Results In total, 258 patients completed the treatment and 241 patients were followed up according to the experimental design and completed the recurrent test. The H.pylori eradication rates of Triple therapy group and Quadruple therapy group were significantly lower than that of Triple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group and Quadruple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group (77.8%, 81.7% vs 91.2%, 94.0%, P < 0.05) . The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in Triple therapy group and Quadruple therapy group than Triple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group and Quadruple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group (79.6%, 65.3% vs 32.2%, 30.1%, P< 0.05) . And the accumulative recurrent rate in Triple therapy group and Quadruple therapy group (10.6% ±6.0%, 9.8% ±7.1%) were significantly lower than that in Triple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group and Quadruple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group (2.5% ± 2.2%, 2.4% ± 1.0%), P < 0.05. Conclusion Triple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group and Quadruple therapy plus Saccharomyces boulardii group could improve the H.pylori eradication rate and decrease the recurrent rate, reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated side effects, so the suitable treatment protocol should be chosen in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of triple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. Methods One hundred and twenty H. pylori-positive patients with chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The control group underwent standard triple therapy (clarithromycin, amoxicillin and Pantoprazole for 14d), Saccharomyces boulardii were additionally given to experimental group. The 14C urea breath test was performed 1 wk after all drugs were stopped. The rate of H. pylori eradication and safety were evaluated. R8SUltS. In total, 120 patients completed the treatment and 108 patients completed the follow-up according to the experimental design. The eradication rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (92.7% vs 58.5%, P < 0.05). Adverse reactions were slight in all the groups, and there was significant difference in the rate of adverse reactions between the experimental group and the control group (21.8 vs 73.8 P < 0.05). The accumulative recurrent rate in treatment group (1.4% ± 0.9%) was significantly lower than that in control group (7.2 ± 4.2) %, P < 0.05. Conclusion Saccharomyces boulardii with triple therapy can improve the rate of H. pylori eradication and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effects of non-Saccharomyces albicans metabolic products on the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 cells in vitro. Methods The parallel dilution supernatant of Saccharomyces tropicalis, Saccharomyces krusei and Saccharomyces glabrata were prepared, and 1, 4, 16-fold(s) diluted concentration and control group svere set up. The line of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 was cultured in vitro and treated by non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant. The proliferous effect of ECV304 induced by non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant after 24, 48, 72 h seas detected by the methods of MIT, and the changes of cell density and cycle alter 48 h were investigated by inverted microscope and flow cytometry. Results At the 24th hour, all of the higher concentration (1-fold) of non-Sacchoromyces albicans supernatant and the 4-folds diluted Saccliarornyces krusei could promote ECV304 proliferation (P<0.05). After adding various non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant at 48th and 72th hour, Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharomyces glob rota supernatant significantly increased proliferation rate of ECV304, while Saccliaronsyces trop icalis supernatant group showed no significant change no matter svhich concentration seas tested. At 48th hour after adding the non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant, the ECV304 cells density treated by Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharoniyces glabrasa supematant were significantly higher under the inverted microscope. Tile G0/G1 population of ECV304 cells decreased while cell proliferation index (PI) increased after incubated with Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharomyces glabrous supernatant for 48 hours (P<0.05). Saccharomyces trap scalsa group showed no significant change (P>0.05). Conclusion The metabolic products of Saccharomyces kruscs and Saccharomyces glabrous could induce proliferation of ECV304 cell, which suggests non-Saccharomyces albicans should be undergone more attention clinically in detection and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Further study to the clinical study on the treatment of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis and intestinal homologous Candida infection. Methods: Collect and identify vulva vaginal secretion and anal swab strains of recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis patients in June 2009 to March 2013 in obstetrics and gynecology clinic, for double-positive patients, determine the homology of Candida mycoderma bacteria got by separating secretion and anal swab strains by the method of PCR, divide the patients into two types of homologous patients and non homologous patients. Two types were respectively assigned to four groups randomly. Group A (homologous systemic treatment group) and group B (non homologous systemic treatment group) were treated with oral fiuconazole, group C (homologous local treatment group) and group D (non homologous local treatment group) were treated with external using Miconazole Nitrate Suppositories at least 6 months. And the patients of group A and B should be consolidation therapy at least 6 months. Follow up 1 year after four groups patients recovered (Curative effect evaluation in the result of Candida microscopic examination and culture were negative), to observe the relapse of four groups patients. Results:Total 160 patients were enrolled in RVVC patients, covered 110 cases of RVVC homology patients and 50 cases of patients with non homologous. Follow up the treatment effect, group A showed that the recurrence rate of the patients with a minimum of 10.7%, recurrence rate of C, D are high with 70.4% and 69.2%. In the fact of first time to relapse and recurrence degree, group A is better than the other three groups, while group C and D are relatively worse. In addition, homology test of double positive and part of double positive patients with recurrent showed that the effect of systemic treatment is better than local treatment. Conclusions: Further confirmed that strains transition between recurrent Candida vulvovaginitis and intestinal homologous Candida infection probably has the close relationship with the reason why part of RVVC patients last long illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of identifying oral mucosa pathogenic bacteria by comparing the metabolic profiling of Sciccharomyces and try to find a convenient and rapid way to discriminate oral micro-organisms. Methods Saccharomyces albicams ATCC 10231 and Saccharomyces tropicalis ATCC 13803 and Saccharomyces glabrata ATCC 15126 were respectively inoculated in sabouraud medium. The growth quantity were measured periodically by a spectrophotometer. And the growth curves of the inoculated bacteria were completed. The culture solutions in stationary phases of the three bacteria were respectively tested with ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy. The data of H-NMR spectroscopy results were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA). Results The PCA showed respectively a obvious clustering phenomena and the points of every two groups' data stayed separately. Therefore, the NMR-based metabonornics profiles could discriminate the three kinds of mucosa pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion The metabonomics can be expected to be a kind of promising useful method in quick discrimination of oral pathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children in terms of Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events., Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of Hp infection. These patients were randomized into triple therapy (n=120) and probiotics groups (n=120). The triple therapy group received amoxicillin [40 mg/(kg·d), Tid], clarithromycin [15 mg/(kg·d), Bid] and omeprazole [0.7-0.8 mg/(kg·d), Qd], while the probiotics group received Saccharomyces boulardii (250 mg, Bid) in addition to triple therapy. The course of treatment was 14 days in both groups. The adverse events in subjects were recorded by their parents during treatment. Hp eradiation was evaluated by (13)C breath test at 4 weeks after treatment, and the eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups., Results: The Hp eradication rates were 75.8% (91/120) in the triple therapy group and 85% (102/120) in the probiotics group (P>0.05). Compared with the triple therapy group, the probiotics group had nonsignificantly lower incidence of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (P>0.05) and significantly lower incidence of stomatitis, constipation and diarrhea (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii cannot significantly increase Hp eradication rate, but can significantly reduce the incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea during treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of identifying oral mucosa pathogenic bacteria by comparing the metabolic profiling of Saccharomyces and try to find a convenient and rapid way to discriminate oral micro-organisms., Methods: Saccharomyces albicans ATCC 10231 and Saccharomyces tropicalis ATCC 13803 and Saccharomyces glabrata ATCC 15126 were respectively inoculated in sabouraud medium. The growth quantity were measured periodically by a spectrophotometer. And the growth curves of the inoculated bacteria were completed. The culture solutions in stationary phases of the three bacteria were respectively tested with 'H-nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The data of 1H-NMR spectroscopy results were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA)., Results: The PCA showed respectively a obvious clustering phenomena and the points of every two groups' data stayed separately. Therefore, the NMR-based metabonomics profiles could discriminate the three kinds of mucosa pathogenic bacteria., Conclusion: The metabonomics can be expected to be a kind of promising useful method in quick discrimination of oral pathogenic bacteria.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of non-Saccharomyces albicans metabolic products on the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 cells in vitro., Methods: The parallel dilution supernatant of Saccharomyces tropicalis, Saccharomyces krusei and Saccharomyces glabrata were prepared, and 1, 4, 16-fold(s) diluted concentration and control group were set up. The line of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 was cultured in vitro and treated by non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant. The proliferous effect of ECV304 induced by non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant after 24, 48, 72 h was detected by the methods of MTT, and the changes of cell density and cycle after 48 h were investigated by inverted microscope and flow cytometry., Results: At the 24th hour, all of the higher concentration (1-fold) of non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant and the 4-folds diluted Saccharomyces krusei could promote ECV304 proliferation(P < 0.05). After adding various non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant at 48h and 72th hour, Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharomyces glabrata supernatant significantly increased proliferation rate of ECV304, while Saccharomyces tropicalis supernatant group showed no significant change no matter which concentration was tested. At 48th hour after adding the non-Saccharomyces albicans supernatant, the ECV304 cells density treated by Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharomyces glabrata supernatant were significantly higher under the inverted microscope. The G0/G1 population of ECV304 cells decreased while cell proliferation index (PI) increased after incubated with Saccharomyces krusei supernatant and Saccharomyces glabrata supernatant for 48 hours (P < 0.05). Saccharomyces tropicalis group showed no significant change (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The metabolic products of Sacharoymces krusei and Saccharomyces glabrata could induce proliferation of ECV304 cell, which suggests non-Saccharomyces albicans should be undergone more attention clinically in detection and treatment.

Objective: To study the antibacterial effect of polymethyl methyacrylate (PMMA) resin base containing Ag-TiO2 antibacterial agent against common conditioned pathogen and their bacterial plaque in vitro., Methods: Different qualities of Ag-TiO2 antibacterial agent were added into PMMA resin base in order to prepare antibacterial PMMA resin base. Then, in vitro analysis of antibacterial effect of the resin base against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces albicans were assayed with the pellicle-sticking method. Furthermore, the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Saccharomyces albicans bacterial plaque on the antibacterial PMMA resin base were examined by scanning electron microscope., Results: The inhibition percent for Staphylococcus aureus was 93.3% by antibacterial PMMA resin base with 0.7% Ag-TiO2; for Streptococcus mutans 90.2% with 1.5% Ag-TiO2; for Saccharomyces albicans 91.2% with 2.5% Ag-TiO2. Bacterial plaque of Streptococcus mutans and Saccharomyces albicans on antibacterial resin base were inhibited effectively., Conclusion: The antibacterial property of the PMMA resin base is effectively enhanced with Ag-TiO2 antibacterial agent.

Objective: To construct strains containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) to study gene regulation in Saccharomyces albicans cells during the infection process., Methods: pACT1-GFP was constructed, and Saccharomyces albicans CAI4 was transformed. The expression of GFP in yeast and hyphal compartments was observed with microscopy., Results: 99% of Saccharomyces albicans cells containing pACT1-GFP fusion displayed significant fluorescence levels both in the yeast and hyphal compartments. The fluorescence intensity in two compartments had no obvious difference., Conclusion: pACT1-GFP can be expressed stably in the yeast cells.

Objective: To research the relationship between the virulence factors of Saccharomyces albicans (S. albicans) and the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands of them, and establish the regression model by multiple regression analysis., Methods: Extracellular phospholipase, secreted proteinase, ability to generate germ tubes and adhere to oral mucosal cells of 92 strains of S. albicans were measured in vitro; RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was used to get their bands. Multiple regression for virulence factors of S. albicans and RAPD-PCR bands was established., Results: The extracellular phospholipase activity was associated with 4 RAPD bands: 350, 450, 650 and 1 300 bp (P < 0.05); secreted proteinase activity of S. albicans was associated with 2 bands: 350 and 1 200 bp (P < 0.05); the ability of germ tube produce was associated with 2 bands: 400 and 550 bp (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Some RAPD bands will reflect the virulence factors of S. albicans indirectly. These bands would contain some important messages for regulation of S. albicans virulence factors.

Objective: To investigate the antagonistic effects of three species of oral Streptococcus on the growth of oral Saccharomyces albicans in vitro., Methods: Direct inoculation method, reverse inoculation method and mixed culture methods were respectively chosen to observe the changes of Saccharomyces albicans colony formation on the effects of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus salivarius., Results: 1) No clear inhibition zone was observed in each of the groups by direct inoculation method. 2) Compared with the control groups, Saccharomyces albicans colony formation on soft agar of Streptococcus sanguis decreased significantly (P < 0.05). 3) Mixed culture method results showed that Streptococcus mutans could inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces albicans significantly at different time points (P = 0.001). 4) Under the action of bacteria culture supernatant, the count of Saccharomyces albicans in experiment groups showed statistical significance when compared with the control groups at 24, 48, 72 h (P = 0.001); The differences among the experimental groups were of no statistical significance at majority times (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus salivarius could obviously inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces albicans in vitro. However, it is still unclear that among which the inhibition effects is stronger. The antagonistic effects is weakened gradually.

Objective: To study the effects of Saccharomyces albicans (S. albicans) on the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 cells in vitro., Methods: The line of ECV304 cultured in vitro were divided into four groups which were treated by S. albicans supernatant, S. albicans inactivated bacilli, supernatant and inactivated bacilli mixture, normal culture medium. The proliferous effect of ECV304 induced by supernatant, inactivated bacilli, supernatant and inactivated bacilli mixture using the methods of MTT, cell count, microscope and flow cytometry were conducted., Results: In the condition of different times and different culture concentrations, ECV304 cells incubated with 4-fold diluted S. albicans supernatant for 48 h increased the proliferation rate. The S and G2/M population of ECV304 cells increased after incubated with S. albicans supernatant for 40 h, which showed significant increasing cell proliferation index (PI) (P < 0.05). The PI of the cells treated by inactivated bacilli showed no significant change (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: S. albicans could induce ECV304 cell proliferation which depends on the release of metabolic products of S. albicans.

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the distribution and molecular characteristics of the oral Saccharomyces albicans (S. albicans) in the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy., Methods: 390 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were sampled by oral mucosal swab. The Candida species were identified by CHROMagar Candida differential medium. All the S. albicans were genotypic grouped by PCR using primers reported to span a transposable intron region in the 25S rDNA gene., Results: The frequency of oral Candida carriage of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was 53.85% (210/390). Most of them were Saccharomyces albicans, the frequency was 48.21% (188/390). The frequency of oral Candida glabrata carriage was 5.64% (22/390). Genotypic subgroup A, B, C of Saccharomyces albicans were determined, and genotypic group B was the predominant group 59.57% (112/188)., Conclusion: Saccharomyces albicans, especially genotypic subgroup B, rather than subgroup A, is the prevalence subpopulation in the oral Candida obtained from cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Objective: Saccharomyces albicons is the main opportunistic pathogen which is also the common member of oral microflora, and the biofilms they formed have spontaneous drug tolerance compared with planktonic ones. Saccharomyces biofilm population can produce subpopulation of cells which can tolerant high concentration of antifungal drugs. They are called persisters. Many researches indicated that drug efflux gene such as CDR or MDR gene plays the very important roles in yeast drug resistance. The objective of this study is to illuminate the mechanism of Saccharomyces albicons biofilm drug tolerance related with drug efflux gene, especially to the persisters formation., Methods: Test the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and SMIC80 (sessile minimal inhibitory concentration 80%) of 24 h biofim of totally 7 defective strains of drug efflux pump gene with Amphotercin B. And treat the 24 h biofilm by fluconazole, micronazole, clotrimazole combined with CDR1 inhibitor Enniatin B respectively and antifungal drugs alone as control, then scrapped the biofilm, cultured on the YPD agar. By CFU counting, the numbers of biofilm persisters were determined., Results: All the defective strains have the similar MIC and SMIC80 for 24 h biofilm with wide type strains. CDR1 inhibitor Enniatin B can help antifungal drugs especially micronazole and clotrimazole to eliminate the biofilm persisters., Conclusion: Saccharomyces albicans drug efflux gene may minor associated with 24 h biofilm drug tolerance. Drug efflux gene CDR1 may play an role in persisiters related biofilm drug tolerance.

Objective: To observe the drug resistance and drug efflux pumps gene mRNA of Saccharomyces albicans, including CDR1 gene and MDR1 gene, at different stage of biofilm formation in chemostat, furthermore to analysis the relationship between the drug efflux pump gene expression and the biofilm related drug resistance., Methods: To form the mature biofilm in vitro in chemostat, then collect the biofilm strains at different development stages (2, 12, 24, 48 h) to semi-quantified mRNA amount of CDR1 gene and MDR1 gene by one step RT-PCR method. Using XTT reduction method to test the dynamic change of Saccharomyces albicans drug resistance in biofilm., Results: Antifungal resistance of biofilm-grown cells increased conjunction with the biofilm maturation. Compared with earth stage of biofiom strains, the amount of CDR1 mRNA gene in mature biofilm strains increased, while MDR1 gene did not., Conclusion: There is positive correlation between drug resistance and biofilm maturation of Saccharomyces albicans. Biofilm related drug resistance appears to be partially associated with the upregulation of drug efflux pumps, although the variation is not shown coincidence. During the biofilm formation, CDR1 gene expression is actively up-regulated, but MDR1 gene expression is stable.

Objective: To understand whether there were any differences of sensitivity to antifungals between the species of Saccharomyces (Candidas) isolated from oral cavity in the patients with oral candidosis and healthy volunteers. Observing the effect of nystatin topically used and discussing preliminarily the relationship between MIC and clinical effect in order to offer reference for clinical treatment., Methods: The experiment was carried on 61 patients with candidosis in experimental group and 43 healthy volunteers in control group and isolates of Saccharomyces were obtained by the oral rinse technical method. To isolate and identify Saccharomyces in oral cavity by CHROMagar Saccharomyces culture medium and test the MIC of several antifungal agents such as nystatin, ketoconazole and fluconazole against Saccharomyces by NCCLSM27-A microdilution assay. 31 patients in experimental group were administered with nystatin, observing the clinical effect a week later and comparing the results with the MIC., Results: (1) The incidence of Saccharomyces was 78.69% and 30.23% in experimental group and control group respectively. The proportion of Saccharomyces albicans was 80.70% (experimental group) and 92.31% (control group). (2) There was no significant difference between the susceptibility of Saccharomyces albicans to fluconazole and ketoconazole (P > 0.05), but the MIC data of azole antifungals were lower than nystatin. (3) The susceptibility of Saccharomyces albicans to fluconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin was 95.65%, 80.43%, and 89.13%, and a few isolates were resistent to antifungal agents. (4) The effectiveness of nystatin was 87.10%, and there were a few cases which MIC differs from the clinical effect., Conclusion: At present, the resistance of Saccharomyces in patients with oral fungal infection is not significant, most Saccharomyces albicans are sensitive to fluconazole, ketoconazole and nystatin. The MIC of fluconazole and ketoconazole are lower than nystatin, implying when the clinical effect of nystain is poor, to use an azole antifungal is optional. The MIC is relative to therapeutic effect to some degree, but it is not consistent completely.