Search

The study aimed to explore the nutritional value of sea buckthorn by-products and the antibacterial effects of their extracts on Escherichia coli. The experiment employed the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method to determine flavonoid content, while alcohol extraction and water extraction methods were used to extract active substances from sea buckthorn by-products. The antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn by-product extracts on Escherichia coli were investigated by the filter paper method, perforation method, and broth dilution method. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of sea buckthorn by-products was 97.98%, ash content was 3.41%, crude protein (CP) content was 12.87%, and crude fat (EE) content was 22.48%. With the increase of sea buckthorn by-product addition, gas production showed a decreasing trend. Among alcohol extraction and water extraction methods, the constant broth dilution method exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In the alcohol extraction method, the filter paper method showed good antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 14.6 mm. In the water extraction method, the filter paper method did not exhibit a significant inhibition zone, and the perforation method was not significant in both alcohol extraction and water extraction methods. The study suggests that sea buckthorn by-products have rich nutritional value, and alcohol extraction is more effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli compared to water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of replacement of soybean by whole-plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy three-way crossbred pigs weighing (60.53±2.42) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ used 4%, 6% and 8% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of soybean meal, respectively. The pre-test period was 10 d, and the formal test period was 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the eye muscle area of finishing pigs in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the water power of pork system in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the drip loss was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cooking loss in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased (P<0.05), and shear force was significantly increased (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content and protein content in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that 4% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry substitute of soybean meal in diet can improve the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effect of different concentrations of exogenous plant growth regulators on the growth and nutritional components of paper mulberry is of great significance for high-yield cultivation and popularization of paper mulberry. Hybrid paper mulberry seedlings were used as test materials, and three concentrations (150, 250, 350 mg/L) of plant growth regulators (GA3, DA-6, PP333 and 6-BA) were used to spray the whole plant, and then the growth indexes and nutrients were measured. The results showed that DA-6 and PP333 could promote the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM with a plant height of 73.13 cm, a stem diameter of 13.48 mm, the number of main stem nodes and branches were 32.00 and 11.67, and the DM was 97.69 g. GA3 significantly increased the plant height and average internode length of paper mulberry seedlings (P<0.05), and decreased stem diameter. 6-BA showed a slight inhibition on the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM. From the perspective of the effect on quality, the proportion of CP whole plant of paper mulberry treated with GA3 showed different degrees of increase, and this promoting effect decreased with the increase of application concentration. DA-6 and PP333 increased the proportion of NDF, ADF, ADL in the whole plant and TP of paper mulberry in different degrees. Among them, the paper mulberry treated with 250 mg/L PP333 had the highest TP, which was 16.27 g. All nutrients of paper mulberry treated with 6-BA were less than CK. The experiment indicates that the four plant growth regulators in the study had the following order: PP333 >DA-6 >GA3 > 6-BA. it is considered that spraying PP333 at 250 mg/L after 20 d of planting paper mulberry is conducive to cultivating strong paper mulberry and promoting the accumulation of DM and TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry has strong ability to adapt to the environment, good growth performance, and more comprehensive functions. With the continuous maturity of paper mulberry fermentation technology, as a feed, it can improve the production performance, carcass quality, and muscle nutritional value of livestock and poultry. The paper reviews the characteristics, functions and application of paper mulberry in livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for the popularization and application of paper mulberry as a conventional feed for livestock and poultry breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is a water-soluble fructan extracted from Achyranthes bidentata Blume root. It is mainly composed of three monosaccharides, glucose, mannose and fructose. Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide has many biological functions, such as improving immunity, enhancing antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal flora balance, etc., and has high application and research value in livestock and poultry production. The paper introduces the chemical structure and extraction technology of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, summarizes the biological function of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, analyzes the research progress of its application in animal production, to provide reference for further popularization of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the pretreatment method of bagasse cellulose, optimize the composition of cellulase system and increase the amount of enzyme production. Bagasse cellulose was pretreated by microwave, phosphoric acid and steam explosion. The results showed that cellulase production and hemicellulase activity of Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 were increased, the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 1.02 times than that of untreated material, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose was increased by 100% compared with that of untreated bagasse. Aspergillus oryzae HML366 could produce β-glucosidase with high transferring-activity to synthesize gentiose. Gentiose could induce cellulase production from Fusarium chlamychii HML278. Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and Aspergillus oryzae HML366 had good compatibility, and the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 83.62% compared with Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and 93.09% compared with Aspergillus oryzae HML366. The study indicates that the mixed culture of Aspergillus oryzae HML366 and Fusarium oxychlamyclum HML278 is better than that of single strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) with high crude protein, biological yield and rich nutrients, was widely planted in China, and contains a variety of biologically active ingredients. Paper mulberry can improve the immunity and quality of livestock and poultry. Also, paper mulberry has been widely used in animal production and was listed in the feed catalogue of agricultural feed materials by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The article reviews the nutritional value, processing methods, feeding techniques and feeding effects of paper mulberry in animal production, and provide a reference for promoting the feed utilization of paper mulberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the allelopathic effect of alfalfa extract on seed germination of perennial ryegrass. The effect of five extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L) from roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa wl-963-HQ on seed germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of the seeds decreased obviously with the increase of the concentration of the extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa. The root and leaf extracts of alfalfa had a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. When the concentration was 20.0 g/L, perennial ryegrass seeds could not germinate normally. Alfalfa extract had no inhibitory effect on root length and seedling height of perennial ryegrass seedlings, but had significant effect on seedling weight. The extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of perennial ryegrass seedlings (P<0.05), and the POD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, CAT activity of perennial ryegrass seedlings was significantly increased when the stem extract of alfalfa was 10.0 and 20.0 g/L (P<0.05). The study indicates that alfalfa extract has obvious allelopathy on perennial ryegrass, and reasonable row spacing was needed to reduce allelopathy when the two herbage are mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monthly data of 132 fattening feed prices for mutton sheep from January 2012 to December 2022, this paper selects soybean meal price, wheat bran price, mutton price, and natural disaster risk index as explanatory variables to analyze the influencing factors of fattening feed price fluctuation for mutton sheep in China. The results showed that the price of soybean meal had a significant impact on fattening feed of mutton sheep through an internal transmission mechanism. Natural disasters had obvious influence on the fluctuation of fattening feed price of mutton sheep through external impact mechanism. The fattening feed price of early mutton sheep had a significant impact on the fattening feed price of late mutton sheep. The study indicates that the conclusion of this paper can provide a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of fattening feed price of mutton sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major component of sustainable economic development, how to achieve green and high-quality development under the guidance of the strategy of agricultural power has become an important issue. This paper expounds the practical basis for the green and high-quality development of Chinese animal husbandry industry from three aspects: Continuous increase in support policies, increasingly strong market demand, and continuous enhancement of the competitiveness of animal husbandry industry. For an agricultural power, the green and high-quality development of the animal husbandry industry will help drive the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, help the rapid economic growth of animal husbandry, and build a modern ecology of the animal husbandry industry. Therefore, this paper proposes to strengthen the policy support of animal husbandry industry, improve the level of informatization of animal husbandry industry, and establish an innovative path of cold chain processing and distribution system for livestock and poultry commodities, so as to provide important support for the realization of the strategic goal of agricultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically tests the impact of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding in China with the help of double difference model. The results showed that the policy of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone had an obvious promotion effect on the cost efficiency of the beef cattle breeding industry in China, and the influence degree was 0.074. Transportation infrastructure, farmers' investment level, beef cattle slaughter rate, and economic development level all had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, and transportation infrastructure had the strongest positive promotion effect. There are obvious regional differences in the impact of livestock and poultry forbidden area policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which was manifested in the stronger promotion effect on ordinary beef cattle producing areas. Therefore, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as rationally delineating livestock and poultry forbidden areas, accelerating the improvement of transportation infrastructure and developing beef cattle breeding industry according to local conditions, so as to provide a useful reference for accelerating the high-quality development of the beef cattle breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry distiller's grains and its soluble matter (DDGS) is a kind of nutrient-rich protein feed, which can partially replace the dosage of soybean meal in production. However, due to its own anti-nutrient factors, some nutrients are broken during processing, and the proportion of amino acids is unbalanced, which limits the extensive use of DDGS in production. This paper summarizes the nutritional characteristics of different types of DDGS, analyzes the factors affecting the quality and the treatment methods to reduce the unfavorable factors, combs the application effects in different animals, and gives the suggested dosage after comprehensive analysis, which provides a reference for rational utilization of DDGS and promoting feed saving and consumption reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomics, as a technology widely used in biological research, has shown its importance in ruminant research. This technology enables researchers to detect the metabolites produced by ruminants and deeply analyze the relationship between these metabolites and animal phenotype, which provides comprehensive and powerful support for the research on nutrition, breeding, and diseases of ruminants. In the nutritional research of ruminants, metabolomics can be used to evaluate the effects of different feed processing technologies and different nutritional levels on metabolites. In addition, in the study of ruminant feeding methods, metabolomics technology can detect the effects of different feeding methods, such as grazing and house feeding, on metabolites, which helps us to understand the effects of feeding methods on ruminant physiology and metabolism. In the study of ruminant diseases, metabolomics can be used to compare the metabolic differences between sick animals and healthy animals, as well as susceptible and insensitive animals, which is helpful to identify potential biomarkers and provide clues for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In the research of ruminant breeding, metabolomics can be used to evaluate the metabolic changes in litter size of female animals, testicular size of male animals and sperm quality. This information helps to select animals with good genetic characteristics and improve breeding efficiency. This paper reviews the research progress of metabonomics in ruminant production, including nutrition, feeding methods, diseases and breeding, and discusses the advantages of metabonomics research, so as to provide reference for the wider application of metabonomics technology in ruminant research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry gastrointestinal tract is an important system for transforming ingested feed into nutrients needed for maintaining growth and reproduction. Chicken gastrointestinal tract is colonized with a large number of microflora, which play an important role in the health and function of the host. Feed enzyme preparation is a kind of protein with biocatalytic ability, which has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, non-toxicity, no residue, and green. It can adjust the physical and chemical properties of feed, affect the intestinal tissue structure, regulate the endogenous enzyme activity and intestinal flora, and thus improve the intestinal health and production performance of poultry. In this paper, the composition and function of gastrointestinal tract, the distribution of intestinal microorganisms and the regulatory effects of enzyme preparations on intestinal health in chickens were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further research on the regulation of intestinal health by enzyme preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the reasonable and stable price of beef and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the beef market, based on the monthly data of Chinese livestock industry from December 2011 to December 2022, the paper selects corn price, producer expectation, calf price, and national policy to build a VAR model from the perspective of internal transmission and external impact, and empirically tests the influencing factors and degree of beef price fluctuation in China. The results show that corn prices, producer expectations, calf prices, and national policies can affect beef prices. Among them, the corn price has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef price through the internal transmission mechanism, and the stable contribution rate is about 8%. National policy has a significant impact on the fluctuation of beef prices in China through the external impact mechanism,with a contribution rate of 15%. The price of beef in the early stage significantly affects the market price of beef in the later stage. Therefore, some suggestions were put forward to reduce the feed cost of the beef cattle industry, strengthen the financial support of the beef cattle industry, and improve the market supervision system of beef price fluctuation, in order to provide a reference for stabilizing the beef price and promoting the sustainable development of the livestock industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabuckthorn is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, fatty acids, vitamins, and other active components. It has biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, liver-protecting, and cholagogic, which can enhance the immunity and antioxidant function of livestock and poultry, improve growth performance, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products. Adding seabuckthorn residue, seeds, leaves or extracts to diet can promote the production of pigs, sheep, dairy cows and broilers to varying degrees, reduce feed costs and improve the economic benefits of breeding, but the active components and molecular mechanisms of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production are unclear. In this paper, the active components, biological functions, and application of seabuckthorn in livestock and poultry production were summarized, which provided a reference for the mechanism research, production application and development of seabuckthorn promoting livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2022, this paper uses geographical concentration degree and spatial Gini coefficient to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of Chinese livestock modernization development, and uses a spatial econometric model to analyze the influencing factors of Chinese livestock modernization development. The results show that the modernization development of animal husbandry in China from 2008 to 2022 has a strong spatial agglomeration effect, which is manifested as the stage characteristics of 'decentralization- agglomeration-decentralization'. The Moran's index of Chinese animal husbandry modernization from 2008 to 2022 is significantly positive, indicating that Chinese animal husbandry modernization has an obvious spatial positive correlation. The number of animal husbandry employees, mechanization level, and per capita consumption of meat, egg and milk have significant positive effects on the modernization of animal husbandry in China. The water consumption of animal husbandry, urbanization rate, and density of transportation network have no significant influence on the modernization of animal husbandry. The spatial effect decomposition results showed that the number of livestock practitioners, mechanization level and per capita consumption of meat, egg, and milk also have significant positive effects on the modernization of Chinese livestock industry in neighboring areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual expansion of aquaculture industry in China, the frequent occurrence of diseases in aquatic animal aquaculture and the pollution of aquatic water are becoming more and more serious. The long-term use of antibiotics and traditional vaccines in aquaculture has caused water pollution, drug-resistant strains, antibiotic residues, and other problems, which restricts the healthy development of aquaculture industry. Plant polysaccharides play an important role in replacing antibiotics. Plant polysaccharides exist in the leaves, flowers, roots, stems, and fruits of plants. They are macromolecular polymers that connect various monosaccharides by glycosidic bonds. Plant polysaccharides have the advantages of safety, high efficiency, low residue and no drug resistance. Plant polysaccharides have many biological functions, such as regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, lowering blood sugar, anti-tumor, and improving intestinal health. The application of plant polysaccharides in animal production can improve body health, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity, and improve production performance. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the physicochemical properties, biological functions of plant polysaccharides and their application in aquaculture, so as to provide a reference for their further promotion and application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the scale of poultry breeding in China is gradually expanding, and the demand for feed raw materials is also rising. At present, the poultry industry is facing the problem of shortage of protein feed resources, so it is urgent to find high-quality and sustainable protein feed raw materials. The edible insect black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) has become a potential sustainable new protein feed, which can replace traditional protein feed materials such as soybean meal and fish meal. BSF is a saprophytic insect, which mainly feeds on organic waste, and has the characteristics of rapid growth and reproduction, extensive feeding and high feed conversion rate. The larvae or pre-pupae of BSF are rich in protein, fat, minerals, and trace elements, and their content of essential amino acids is comparable to that of fish meal and soybean meal. They also contain bioactive substances such as lauric acid, antimicrobial peptides, and chitin. Based on the nutritional characteristics of BSF larvae and processed products, this paper reviewed the research progress of BSF in poultry breeding, in order to provide a reference for the wide application of BSF in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hair follicle is a regenerative organ, and its growth process constantly goes through the cycle of growth, decline and rest period. The cyclic growth of hair follicle determines the growth and loss of fur. Hair follicles are not only regulated by genetic, environmental, and other factors, but also closely related to the content and type of nutrients in the diet, especially the protein content and amino acid composition. Protein is an important substance in the composition of fur animal coat. Sulfur-containing amino acids are the main amino acids that restrict the growth of coat. Sulfur elements exist in the coat in the form of disulfide bonds, which play an important role in maintaining the network space structure of coat fibrin molecules and resisting the erosion of various adverse factors from the outside world. In addition, lysine, tryptophan, tyrosine, glutamic acid, and other non-sulfur-containing amino acids are also involved in the formation of fur animal skin sheets, which play an important role in controlling fur animal skin coat color, promoting coat growth and regulating fur maturation. In this paper, the recent research progress on the effects of protein content and amino acid composition in feed on fur quality of fur animals is reviewed, in order to provide a reference for guiding the genetic selection and production of fur animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nibea is rich in protein, essential amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements and swim bladder collagen. The meat is tender, delicious and has high nutritional value. Nibea also has the advantages of adaptability, rapid growth, and strong stress resistance, and is one of the important mariculture fish in the coastal areas of China. Currently there are a lot of reports on the nutritional requirements and feed of Nibea, but studies on its precise nutritional requirements at different growth stages and the relationship between nutrients and functional feed additives are still not thorough enough. The cultivation of Nibea is mainly based on chopped and fresh ice mixed fish, lacking specialized formulated feed, which has disadvantages such as nutritional imbalance, unstable quality, and water pollution. In this paper, the research progress of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, and mineral requirements as well as dietary protein sources, fat sources, and additives were reviewed in order to provide a reference for the study of precise nutritional requirements and the preparation of efficient and environmentally friendly compound feeds of Nibea, so as to promote the healthy and sustainable development of Nibea aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the global concern about food safety and environmental pollution is increasing day by day. Reducing the use of toxic and harmful additives such as antibiotics, hormones, and chemicals in livestock and poultry feed, developing green, safe, efficient, and low-residue additives, ensuring consumers' health, and improving the ecological environment are the focus of animal husbandry at present. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plants, which widely exist in bark, root, stem, leaf, fruit, and seeds of plants. They have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, reducing oxidative stress, protecting intestinal mucosa, improving intestinal flora structure, promoting growth, and regulating immunity, etc. They can improve animal production performance and product quality, and have potential development value to enhance the economic benefits of farms. In this paper, the role of flavonoids and their application in livestock and poultry breeding were reviewed, and the application research progress of flavonoids in calves and adult cattle was emphasized, to provide a reference for its rational application in cattle production at different growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callicarpa nudiflora can be used as a new green plant feed additive in animal production. The main chemical components of Callicarpa nudiflora are flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, volatile oils, etc. These components play different pharmacological roles in anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antibacterial, and immune enhancement, which can be used in animal production. In order to promote the further development and citation of Callicarpa nudiflora, the paper summarized the pharmacological activity and mechanism of Callicarpa nudiflora, and summarized its research progress in monogastric animal production, providing a reference for the subsequent development of Callicarpa nudiflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper used the location entropy index, spatial gini coefficient and barycenter model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of Chinese animal husbandry industry agglomeration from 2002 to 2021. On this basis, the fixedeffects model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. The results showed that from 2002 to 2021, the agglomeration degree of Chinese animal husbandry industry exhibited a continuous upward trend. The focus of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration had been concentrated in Henan and Sichuan for a long time. The animal husbandry industry gradually gathered from the eastern to the central region. The technology input, industry correlation, economic development level and policy environment all had a positive impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, while the number of labor force had no significant impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. Therefore, the paper puts forward some suggestions to accelerate the clustered development of animal husbandry industry, stimulate the shift of high-qualitanimal husbandry industry elements to the centralregion, and strengthen the policy support for the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the opening of the silo to the end of its feeding, the silage face undergoes materials and energy flow with the external environment. Oxygen is the cause of the deterioration of silage quality. It promotes a series of aerobic microorganisms to eat high-nutrient substances (such as water-soluble sugars and lactic acid), which leads to a decrease in the dry matter and energy content of the silage, and may even result in the production of mycotoxins. The silage face is susceptible to oxidation, but effective management of the silage face can help preserve more nutrients for ruminants. The paper introduces the structural characteristics of silage, gas exchange, volatilization of fermentation ends, and microbial activities that occur on the silage face. It also describes the conditions that lead to aerobic deterioration on the silage face. Additionally, the paper reviews the role of silage face management, such as management principles, daily removal rate, silage remover, and feeding principles, in ensuring personnel safety, preserving nutrients and reducing dry matter losses, to provide a reference for implementing effective feed-out practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the stability of feed additive lysozyme dimer in influencing factors and accelerated test, determined the validity period of the product through long-term test. Three batches of lysozyme dimer samples were taken for influencing factor test (high temperature test, high humidity test and light test), accelerated test and long-term test, the moisture, dimer content and enzyme activity of lysozyme dimer were detected as inspection indicators. The results showed that the lysozyme dimer was relatively stable in the influence factor test, accelerated test and long-term test. The validity period of the product was preliminarily determined to be 12 months after the validity period prediction analysis. The experiment indicates that lysozyme dimer is relatively stable. The product can be packed in compound paper bags and stored in dry and ventilated places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important trait of poultry, bone characteristics affect the healthy development of poultry. Breeding of fast weight gain broilers and laying hens with a high laying rate increases the burden on skeletal system, which easily leads to abnormal skeletal development of chickens. Bone metabolism imbalance easily affects bone health, and then affects chicken growth performance. Chinese herbal medicine has many advantages, such as abundant medicine source, many nutrients and active ingredients, good application effect, little toxic and side effects, and is not easy to produce durable medicinal properties, so it has a wide application prospect in livestock and poultry production. At present, the research on Chinese herbal medicine and its active components regulating chicken bone metabolism and bone health has become a hot spot. In this paper, the growth and development of chicken bone, the characteristics of bone metabolism and common bone diseases of chicken were briefly described, and the research on bone metabolism and bone health of chicken by Chinese herbal medicine and its active components was summarized, which provided a reference for the development and application of Chinese herbal medicine in the prevention and treatment of chicken bone diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is an anaerobic heterotrophic Gram-positive Bacillus, which can produce butyric acid and lactic acid. As a kind of probiotics, Clostridium butyricum is widely found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. The characteristics of Clostridium butyricum are safety, high temperature resistance, gastric acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and so on. Adding proper amount of Clostridium butyricum in diet can improve animal growth performance, enhance animal immunity and antioxidant function, improve livestock and poultry product quality, adjust intestinal microecological balance, and promote intestinal health. Compared with antibiotics, Clostridium butyricum can effectively reduce drug residue, which has the advantages of green environmental protection and no drug resistance. It is an ideal substitute for dietary antibiotics. The paper reviews the characteristics, biological functions and mechanism of Clostridium butyricum, and summarizes the applications of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production, in order to provide a reference for reasonable application of Clostridium butyricum in poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the prohibition of antibiotics in feed, natural plant components as feed additives instead of antibiotics have gradually attracted wide attention and research. Resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol compound with various biological activities, which mainly exists in grapes, Polygonum cuspidatum and other plants, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer properties. Adding resveratrol to feed can improve the intestinal health of pigs, promote the balance and growth of intestinal microorganisms, and enhance the immunity and disease resistance of pigs. In addition, resveratrol can also improve mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity of pigs, improve energy metabolism and utilization efficiency of pigs, and improve the growth performance and reproductive performance of pigs. This paper summarizes the application status of resveratrol in pig production, and discusses its potential mechanism, so as to better understand its application effect and potential in pig production and provide reference for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fur color of mammals is mainly determined by melanin synthesized by melanocytes. Cell staining includes melanocyte development, melanin synthesis and metabolism, and signal pathways regulating melanin synthesis. Melanocytes can be classified into many types, and these types can be identified by a variety of melanocyte markers. Fur color can judge the physical condition and nutritional status of animals, and different fur colors may have certain influence on animal production. This paper reviews the structural basis and development cycle of mammalian fur color formation, describes the cytochrome process from neural crest to mature melanocytes residing in several tissues, summarizes the types of melanocytes and the markers of each type of melanocytes, and discusses the application of animal coat color in animal production, providing help for analyzing the genetic mechanism of mammalian fur color formation and providing effective suggestions for animal production affected by fur color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of intensive poultry breeding in China, the demand for poultry feed raw materials is increasing rapidly. However, the shortage of cereal feed and the persistently high price make it urgent for poultry feed production industry to explore cheaper energy alternative feed. Cassava has the characteristics of high yield, rich starch and fiber, high energy value, etc. It can replace corn or other energy feed in poultry breeding. The effective use of cassava products has been proved to reduce the feed cost of poultry production. However, the utilization of cassava is limited by many factors, such as low protein and anti-nutritional factors. Using correct processing and scientific formula, the addition level of cassava in poultry diet can be improved. In this paper, the nutritional characteristics, feed utilization, and application of cassava in poultry diet were reviewed, which provided a reference for the application of cassava in poultry diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia argyi leaves are a perennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family, which has the functions of placenta placenta and hemostasis, dispelling cold and expelling dampness. Artemisia argyi leaves contains protein, fat, vitamins, mineral elements, and other nutrients, with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other effects. As a feed additive, Artemisia argyi leaves can enhance the growth performance and immune function of animals, as well as improve the quality of animal products. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of Artemisia argyi leaves and their active components to play related functions deserves further study. In this paper, the extraction technology, application and action mechanism of the active components of Artemisia argyi leaves were reviewed, so as to provide a reference for rational application of Artemisia argyi leaves in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis is one of the widely used probiotics, which has strong stability and can survive and reproduce in animal intestines. Bacillus subtilis has synergistic effects with other probiotics or prebiotics, which is widely used in microbial feed additives. Bacillus subtilis has more advantages in viability in gastrointestinal tract than lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium. Bacillus subtilis can regulate the intestinal flora of animals, improve growth performance, enhance immunity and intestinal health. Based on the physiological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis, the paper describes its application in animal production and its functions in regulating intestinal health, inhibiting oxidative stress and enhancing immunity, aiming at providing reference for the related application of Bacillus subtilis in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is a good probiotic additive, which can effectively improve the growth performance of piglets, improve the diarrhea of piglets, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets, and reduce the mortality of piglets. Clostridium butyricum can produce short-chain fatty acids mainly butyric acid, cooperate with other probiotics to regulate the digestive environment, improve the intestinal microstructure, and help maintain the microecological balance, thus improving the digestion and absorption capacity of piglets. With the gradual application of Clostridium butyricum in piglet feeding, it is necessary to further study the specific mechanism of Clostridium butyricum's probiotic effect on piglets. This paper reviewed the biological function of Clostridium butyricum and its probiotic effect on piglets and its mechanism, which provided a reference for improving the feeding effect of Clostridium butyricum on piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the supply of feed grain is an important starting point for stabilizing the supply and demand of feed grain market and promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Based on the monthly data samples of feed grain supply and demand structure from January 2006 to December 2022, this paper uses the VAR model to empirically analyze the feed grain supply and demand structure in China. The results showed that maize supply had the most obvious influence on feed grain supply and demand structure, followed by urban and rural residents' consumption of livestock products, and rice supply was the lowest. From the perspective of supply, the main influencing factors of feed grain supply and demand structure change include maize supply, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, and wheat supply. From the perspective of demand, the consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents was the main factor affecting the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. From the perspective of emergencies, natural disaster risk index was not the Granger cause of the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. Under ignoring other factors, the contribution rate of natural disaster risk index to the change of feed grain supply and demand structure after seven weeks was 23.62%. Research shows that changes in the supply and demand structure of feed grains are mainly influenced by factors such as corn supply, consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, wheat supply, and natural disaster risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry is a perennial deciduous woody plant, and its leaves are homologous food of medicine and food, which have been widely used in feed industry in recent years. After fermentation, the content of anti-nutritional factors such as cellulose and tannin in mulberry leaves is reduced, and the content of crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and minerals is abundant, which has the effect of improving feed conversion rate and animal product quality. The paper mainly introduces the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in mulberry leaves, the commonly used strains for fermentation, and the changes of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and bioactive substances in mulberry leaves after fermentation. The effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of pigs, ruminants, poultry and fish were summarized. The future research direction of mulberry in the field of feed industry was prospected, in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of mulberry in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle, as an important medicinal and edible plant, contains a variety of chemical active components, mainly including volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and iridoid glycosides, etc., which have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory effects. Honeysuckle and its extract can improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of feed, promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry and meat quality, regulate the metabolism of energy, protein, lipids and sugar of livestock and poultry, and improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of livestock and poultry. In the paper, the main active components, physiological functions, and application status of honeysuckle and its extracts in livestock and poultry production were summarized, in order to provide a reference for honeysuckle and its extracts to improve the production efficiency and product quality of livestock and poultry, and to replace antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens L.) is a kind of scavenging insect, which can convert organic waste such as animal feces, kitchen waste, and plant residues into its own nutrition, so as to achieve green and efficient transformation of resources. Larvae, especially defatted meal, is a good source of dietary protein. At present, most of the studies on forage fertilization of black soldier fly larvae are focused on protein nutrition, but there are few studies on black soldier fly larvae oil. The paper describes the main components of black soldier fly larvae oil, analyzes its nutritional value as feed, summarizes the main factors affecting the quality of black soldier fly larvae oil, reviews the research progress of using black soldier fly larvae oil instead of traditional feed in livestock, aquatic products, and other animal breeding at home and abroad, and puts forward some shortcomings and improvement methods of black soldier fly larvae oil as feed, to provide a reference for fully exploiting the application potential of the black soldier fly larvae oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-glucan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which can be used as a green additive in many fields such as food and aquaculture, and has sustainability and ecological friendliness. β-glucan has many biological functions, which can inhibit and eliminate excessive free radicals in vivo, activate the antioxidant enzyme system and reduce the degree of oxidative stress. β-glucan can reduce the production of inflammatory factors and alleviate the tissue damage caused by inflammation by regulating the inflammatory pathway. β-glucan can repair intestinal barrier, regulate intestinal microecology, and reduce the penetration of bacteria and toxins. β-glucan can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, ensure that animals get enough energy supply, and thus maintain the health of the body. In this paper, the characteristics, biological functions and application status of β-glucan in livestock and poultry and aquaculture were reviewed in order to provide a reference for further application of β-glucan in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton, which mainly exists in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of cotton. Gossypol has animal toxicity, and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning, resulting in decreased fecundity, organ lesions, and even death of animals. The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge, accounting for more than 80% of the whole country. After cotton harvest, most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, resulting in great waste of resources. Cotton straw is rich in crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components. However, its gossypol content exceeded the standard, which limited the application of cotton straw feed. How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw. The structure, properties, toxicity, detoxification technology, and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper, which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to probiotics, some inactivated bacteria, their components, and metabolites also have many probiotic functions, which can be collectively called postbiotics Postbiotics mainly come from inactive components in probiotics, which can play a probiotic role. It has the advantages of high safety, good stability and wide applicability, and has many probiotic effects such as improving gastrointestinal function, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic, immune regulation, and relieving obesity. It has broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine, and animal husbandry production. At present, postbiotics has been gradually used in animal production, and has shown many functions, such as improving livestock and poultry production performance, improving animal product quality and preventing and treating diseases, but its application has not been popularized. In this paper, the research progress of postbiotics in livestock and poultry production was summarized, in order to provide a reference for its further wide application in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of broiler price fluctuation, which is beneficial to promote the healthy and stable development of poultry breeding industry. Based on the sample data of 252 broiler feed enterprises in China from January 2002 to December 2022, after passing the stability test, VAR model and variance decomposition method were used to analyze the main factors causing the fluctuation of broiler feed price in China from the aspects of broiler feed price, supply, and demand. The results showed that at the supply level, the main influencing factors of broiler feed price fluctuation were corn stock and soybean meal stock, and the impact of corn stock and soybean meal stock on broiler feed price in the seventh period were 30.78% and 20.39%, respectively. At the demand level, in the seventh period, the per capita disposable income of rural residents and the stock of fertile broilers had a relatively high impact on broiler feed prices, which were 9.06% and 6.87%, respectively. The results showed that the price fluctuation of broiler feed was most affected by the price of broiler feed itself, followed by corn stock, soybean meal stock, per capita disposable income of rural residents, breeding hens stock, fish and shrimp price, broiler stock, beef price, and per capita disposable income of urban residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of Chinese animal husbandry, the healthy development of beef cattle breeding has become a key way to promote the virtuous cycle of agricultural production system. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on the efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which is conducive to the healthy and high-quality development of the breeding industry. Based on the panel data of four beef cattle breeding advantage areas from 2008 to 2021, the efficiency of beef cattle breeding was measured by stochastic frontier analysis, and the Logit model was used to calculate the propensity score before and after the promulgation of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies in 2014. On this basis, the propensity score matching method was used to test the effect of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on beef cattle breeding efficiency. The results showed that compared with before the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, the breeding efficiency of beef cattle increased by 18.2% after the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, indicating that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. This conclusion is still valid after four endogenous tests: caliper matching, one-to-one matching, nuclear matching and K-proximity matching. The results show that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by beef cattle breeding, promote the research and development and innovation of breeding technology, and improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jerusalem artichoke has the characteristics of high yield, strong adaptability and wide application range, and is rich in active substances such as inulin, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and amino acids. Jerusalem artichoke has the functions of improving the intestinal ecological environment of livestock and poultry, relieving constipation, promoting mineral absorption, regulating blood glucose and blood lipids. Jerusalem artichoke can reduce livestock mortality, improve slaughter rate, meat quality, production performance and immune organ index, and has the potential to be used as a functional feed additive. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, physiological functions and applications of Jerusalem artichoke inulin, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids and amino acids in animal production were reviewed, to provide a reference for promotion and application of Jerusalem artichoke as a functional feed additive in livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chito-oligosaccharide is a class of small molecule compounds with good water solubility, high biocapacitivity, low toxicity, and easy intestinal absorption, which are prepared by chitosan deacetylation and have various physiological effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. As a new feed additive, chito-oligosaccharide has a significant role in improving the production of animals, which can effectively improve production performance and product quality, which is in line with the development trend of healthy breeding. Therefore, the paper reviews the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of chito-oligosaccharides, and expounds the role of chito-oligosaccharides in broiler production from meat quality, immune function, growth performance, and intestinal barrier, aiming to provide a reference for chito-oligosaccharides to be used as a green and efficient feed additive in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant nutrients and bioactive components, less drug residues, natural pollution-free, and friendly to water environment, so it has become a new green feed additive in aquaculture industry. The application of Chinese herbal medicine and its compound additives can improve the growth and development speed, feed utilization rate and digestion and absorption ability of aquatic animals, enhance the ability of disease resistance, antibacterial and anti-stress of aquatic animals, and improve muscle flavor and nutritional value. The paper summarizes the physicochemical properties and biological functions of active components and nutrients of Chinese herbal medicines, and shows the biological characteristics of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives in aquaculture of fish, shrimp, crab, and other aquatic animals, aiming at providing references for the research and development of compound Chinese herbal additives and their further application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms, and taking probiotics in moderation is beneficial to the health of the host. Probiotics have the functions of antitoxin, anti-pathogenic bacteria, and diarrhea reduction, which can improve the balance of intestinal flora, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve host immunity. Adding probiotics to livestock and poultry diets can supplement intestinal microbial population, improve animal production performance, and restore the immune system function of the host. In this paper, the screening criteria, action mechanism, and application progress of probiotics in intestinal health of livestock and poultry were summarized, and the effects of probiotics on intestinal structure, immune function, and production performance were discussed, which provided a reference for the application of probiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal husbandry in northern China has great development potential, but the continuous low temperature in winter can easily cause cold stress response of ruminants, which leads to the reduction of ruminant performance, immunity, antioxidant, and other functions, and causes huge losses to animal production. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of cold stress and its regulation technology for the healthy development of animal husbandry in northern China. The paper reviews the mechanism of cold stress in ruminants, as well as the research progress on the production performance, physiological immunity and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of ruminants, and proposes the regulation technology related to cold stress, so as to provide a reference for the research on cold stress in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea polyphenols are the main components in tea. Tea polyphenols are the general name of a kind of polyphenolic mixture with a phenolic hydroxyl structure, which is mainly composed of flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and catechins, and has biological functions such as antioxidation, antiviral, antibacterial and bacteriostatic, and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. As a feed additive, the tea polyphenols can improve the immunity and antioxidant function of animal body, improve the disease resistance of the body, regulate various physiological metabolic functions in the body, and then improve the production performance of animals and increase the profit of breeding. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, main components, biological functions of tea polyphenols and their application in animal production were reviewed, which provided some reference for efficient utilization of tea polyphenols in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural herbaceous plant resources are abundant and widely distributed in China. Polyphenols extracted from natural herbaceous plant have many biological functions, and can be developed as feed additives instead of antibiotics. The plant polyphenol extract can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function, improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, and regulate intestinal health. In this paper, the effects of plant polyphenol extracts on immunomodulation, antioxidation, and intestinal health were reviewed, and the application of plant polyphenol compounds in animal husbandry was summarized, in order to provide a reference for the application of plant polyphenol extracts in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]