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This paper presents a study of Klingon, an artificial language created for artistic purposes for the fictional universe of the Star Trek series. First, we propose an introduction to the process of creating this design, paying attention to how it goes from a phase of xenolalia or foreign structured speech to a xenoglossy or authentic extraterrestrial language. Second, we perform a linguistic analysis of this system, taking into account its main phonological, morphosyntactic and lexical features. For this, the explanations provided by the author of the language, Marc Okrand, in The Klingon Dictionary and by Moreno Cabrera in Tratado didáctico y crítico de la Lingüística General are taken as references. This study allows us, finally, to observe the importance of natural languages in the configuration of the Klingon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of this paper, we report some myths of the Vedic India, classical Greece, and Ancient Egypt about a divinity who burns or sinks a child victim in order to making him immortal. In the second section, we provide new versions of this plot that have been reported in recent times; one of them in the form of a ballad -in Transylvania and the Moldavian Romania- and the other in the form of a folk-tale -in a small village in the Algerian Atlas. At the end of this article, we present some conclusions regarding the content and the branches of this plot. In that section, we discuss some considerations about the deities and the victims of these stories, and describe, as well, the rituals of propitiation of immortality that are mentioned in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the acclaimed TV series Games of Thrones, which belongs to the genre of epic fantasy, as well as the literary saga. Three of its most important constituents are addressed: the abduction of a woman (Lyanna Stark) as the war's motif, the epic hero (embodied by Jon Snow) and the violation of the sacred duty of hospitality (represented by the episodes of the Red Wedding and the Mutiny at Craster's Keep). Their impact on the plot is highlighted. Moreover, we analyze the common features this elements share with some Greek myths narrated or mentioned in different Graeco-Roman literary works, especially epic and tragic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia and its foreign policy have led to tensions on the old continent. The current paper is part of a broader work in which policy and language are analyzed in parallel, thanks to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) tools. This analysis will help us to better understand the social and dialectical strengthening of Russian nationalism and its impact on Russian internal and foreign policies. Therefore, we will be able to reconstruct meta-narratives and prejudices that are imposed nowadays in Putin's Russia. This way we will better understand in which way those narratives are used to maintain political support, even when the economic and social situations are not stable. We will especially focus on the idea of "Great Russia" -Velikaya Rossiia- and how Kremlin authorities have developed discursive instruments around this notion and forged on in its foreign policy and the use of the adjective "natsionalny" for domestic policies. Existing linguistic corpora in Russian and other sources gathered for this paper will show us the advantages of CDA over other more generalizing analyses. Our conclusions will bring us to the examples of Crimea and Ukraine, where nationalistic Russian discourse has materialized. We conclude by acknowledging the necessity of further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Videogames are multimedia products including any number of types of texts that can be classified in different thematic genres. Specifically, cyberpunk is a science-fiction subgenre in which textual diversity goes hand in hand with the own atmosphere of the story. This paper analyzes a corpus including narrative texts of the menu of the cyberpunk videogame Deus Ex: Human Revolution™. This study is based on the hypothesis that the objective of the analyzed peritexts is to simulate situations that users live in real communication aiming that the videogame accomplishes the interactivity expectations. Besides, we believe that the studied-corpus texts can be classified attending to different perspectives, which allows relying on elements that make possible predicting translation problems of those texts. In order to do that, and based on a microstructural analysis (with mainly a functional perspective of text), we adopt four classification criteria (linguistic function, specialization degree, register and theme) that allow defending the hypothesis of textual typology diversity. This paper presents the most relevant results of the studied corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a historical revision of Quevedo's consolidation as a classic writer in the contemporary literature written in Spanish. Classicwriters should be updated in order to prevail as time goes by. Quevedo is one of them. Many authors of the last one hundred years have emphasised the importance of Quevedo for the contemporary culture. This allows us to address how his image has been shaped at present and how the presence of his poetry has been prolonged. On the one hand, Quevedo has played a fundamental role in the Spanish poetry and in the 20th and 21st centuries' thought. It is because of this reason that he has been acclaimed by a wide range of authors from Neruda or Dámaso Alonso to Jaime Siles or Luis Antonio de Villena. On the other hand, his poetry has been projected into contemporary literature. In this paper we will analyse the projection −among the numerous texts that have influenced other authors- of Quevedo's idea of sensuality and the projection of the poems «Represéntase la brevedad de lo que se vive y cuán nada parece lo que se vivió» and «Enseña cómo todas las cosas avisan de la muerte». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish language is constantly growing. As part of this growth the publishing industry provides countless textbooks. This paper presents a specialized textbooks data analysis sheet for teaching Spanish as a second language. The paper starts with a brief state of the art about teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language. Then it specifies the differences between materials evaluation and materials analysis based on B. Tomlinson's theories. The paper also explains the importance of analyzing materials through specialized data analysis sheets. The methodological framework illustrates the history of materials data analysis sheets in Colombia, where this research takes place. Next it's shown the theoretical foundations and the structure of the data analysis sheet proposed in this paper. This data analysis sheet has four detailed analysis sections that correspond to the external description; the internal description; the analysis of communicative, linguistic, cultural and evaluative contents; and ends with a section for observations that allows the analyst to point out ideas that are not contemplated in the original data analysis sheet. These analysis sections allow teachers to know the superficial and deep structures of textbooks. Through these structures teachers and analysts can study and understand the characteristics of textbooks, allowing them to effectively use the textbooks resources, both inside and outside of the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This corpus-based analysis aims at furthering the studies on epistemic markers in Spanish with a special focus on two of the latter forms which have been incorporated to this paradigm: igual and lo mismo. For our purposes, two historical corpora have been used, namely CORDE and CREA as they allow a diachronic overview of the forms under analysis and the identification of the context in which these formulas could have developed their current epistemic value. This is to be found in the comparative structures in which both formulas could appear: when one of the two terms in the comparison is omitted, the epistemic value emerges. Likewise, the data also reveal a clear tendency to use both formulas with verbs in the indicative mood, a feature which distinguishes igual and lo mismo from other epistemic markers like quizá(s) or tal vez, which favored the use of the subjunctive. Grammaticalization is used as the theoretical frame to approach the change undergone by the selected items. The study closes with a contrastive analysis of the various markers discussed throughout the paper in present-day oral Spanish as shown in CORPES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical linguistic studies constitute a necessary complement to reconstruct the metrics of the verses in their specific context. There are several theoretical perspectives to understand the metrical nature of the alejandrino verse, from those based in the syllabic regularity, in the frame of a medieval school, until those who take into consideration the heterometry documented in the manuscripts. From this perspective, the current paper has the aim to analyze each one of its main points from an integral philological perspective, which takes into consideration the metrics, as well as the underlying linguistic component, related to its history. In order to achieve this point, it is going to be taken a corpus of the most representative texts of the mester de clerecía written during the 13th and the 14th century (from the Libro de Alexandre until the Rimado de Palacio) to clarify the changes of this verse from the basis developed in the History of Language researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to explore, regarding to the statutes of the postmodern paradigm, the relationships among ethics and aesthetics in Santo remedio, by the Uruguayan Rafael Courtoisie. From this approach, it is analysed the imbrication between the narrative mechanisms and the particular sight from the reality displayed on the text. To this end, this paper works with concepts as 'neonarcissism', 'absurdity', 'simulacrum' and 'moral-indifferent' in order to offer a reading from a look directed to the main character and to defend, despite the prevailing banality, an ethical reenchantment of postmodern aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the construction of ethnic identity through the language - and particularly the relationship between speaking Spanish and being Hispanic- in a group of second-generation Spanish speakers. We recognise the simultaneous affirmation of the speakers' multiple social identities and propose that the identity can be plural and hybrid; an identity that can be (re)constructed and negotiated linguistically through discourse in situated interactions, and in opposition to the cultural essentialism that associates identity with stable and homogeneous characteristics. Three second-generation Spanish speakers were interviewed as part of an exploratory study. The corpus of the interviews conducted, which used a semi-structured script with open-ended questions, has been analysed by method of thematic analysis from a social identity theory perspective. The preliminary results showed that the speakers' discursive behaviour becomes a negotiating tool between the use of language and communicative intentions regarding their identity positioning to themselves and to others. The study conducted allowed to obtain information on the use of different linguistic systems and code switching as tools used purposefully to index multiple cultural and ethnic identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Jesús Carrasco's debut novel, Out in the Open. Starting from the figures on global sales and the novel's critical reception, some questions are asked about the transmission of a novel in the global era. Text analysis of the syntactic units and semantic values are used to assess the novel's wide acceptance. The conclusion reached is that Out in the Open is a cultural asset that enters the modes of exchange which are characteristic of globalization. In addition, the novel responds to a horizon of complex expectations. The discourse of the novel brings together a drama of pursuit, a tale of learning and a transnational cultural point of reference. This richness makes a plural reading possible, which goes beyond the Spanish context of the novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to provide a historical sojourn from the origin to the present-day state of the surviving Spanish-based creoles, namely, Papiamento, Palenquero and Chabacano, in order to offer a brief description of their main characteristics on the lexical, morphosyntactic and phonological levels. At the same time, taking into account the criteria outlined by the Unesco regarding the survival and extinction of languages, the article foresees the future of these Spanish-based creoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse Juan José Millás' self-representation in his El mundo(2007). In order to do this, and according to Sylvia Molloy, we conceive this novel as a text where the autobiographemes determine the identity of the main character. The first autobiographeme we study is the (re)presentation of the birth. We will investigate, then, the invention of the house of the childhood. The last autobiographeme refers to the reading scene. The analysis will allow us to appreciate the rhetorical devices used by the author-narrator to define the identity of his character in a fictional novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to apply supervised machine learning methods to a database containing textual information on specialization degree to test the theoretical relevance of numerical classification methods used beforehand. Results highlight the weaknesses when working with quantitative classifications and the classprediction strengths when using algorithm J48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two questions this paper deals with an approach to Nietzsche's texts. The first one is:how can be read the Nietzsche's sentence that there are no facts, only interpretations? And the second one is: what can be proposed instead of the subject to think personal identity? This approach is divided in four parts, each one answering a question and taking into account the conflict of interpretation and the ubiquity of language; the consequences of perspectivism for personal identity; the construction of identity as a half-way process between discovering and creating; and the aesthetical proposal of personal identity as an ethic option different to traditional morals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Rhetoric of misfortune and testimonial journalism. The creation of the writer Amador Contreras in Gran Sant Cugat (1999-2003)". The paper analyzes the compilation of articles that Amador Contreras published in the local weekly Gran Sant Cugat (Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, 1999-2003) to denounce administrative corruption. The texts have many defects of adequacy, coherence and cohesion. While the merit of the unknown writer is not expressive, he is the example of testimonial journalism that gives tenaciously in a hostile environment. The thesis of the study consists of pointing out the importance of the portrait that the author makes of himself in a series of more than seventy articles. In his writing the author appears as a disproportionate and ambivalent character, a suggestive reflection of this time of corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of English into Spanish translations of museum texts from the City of Los Angeles. For that purpose, we evaluate the present status of Spanish language and its speakers in the specific case of Los Angeles to be able to offer a context of the correlation of museum texts in relation with translation studies. An explanation of the methodology used follows, which consists of finding translated texts by visiting museum websites and contacting the appropriate institutions. The analysis of the discovered texts - 21 pairs of texts originally written in English and translated into Spanish -, allows us to notice the scarce amount of translated texts, as well as an assumed interest in translating just the elements which may be relevant for the target culture. Additionally, the study of orthotypographical features, consisting of the analysis of upper and lower case letters, has allowed us to discover a very poor quality in the translation of these elements. Among the reasons for such negative results, we argue both a low qualification of the translators of the analyzed texts and a lack of quality assessment from the museums commissioning the translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to show how to use linguistics corpus in a Business Spanish course by means of the inductive grammar that encourages language awareness in the learners. We focus on the conection between the concept of learning as hypothesis testing and recent ideas related with the corpus and the learner as an investigator (Johansson, 2009). Although it is true that Corpus Linguistics enjoy great prestige nowadays, there are still questions -like attention, awareness or hypothesis building- to discuss that are essential for the use of corpora. The goal is achieved by placing our research in the appropriate theoretical framework followed by an introduction of a structured methodology accompanied by examples that show how to make use of a corpus in the classroom. In doing so, the didactic benefits that are reached seem crucial: among others, the strengthening of cognitive skills, key for the second language learning; the new role for the student who is seen now as a language investigator and the teacher's ability of being more autonomous and, therefore, less dependent from the activities designed by others. Experimental studies will be needed hereafter in order to measure the effectiveness of corpora in the teaching of Spanish language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to describe some characteristics of the use of NOMINAL ADDRESS FORMS (NAF) in contexts of interaction in digital discourse, specifically in the section Timeline of the virtual social network Facebook. From the observation of the NAF that occur in the collected corpus, their specific characteristics are commented in relation to the medium in which they are inserted. In this way, we point to some of the ways in which users of the social network Facebook use these resources to meet their communicative goals, either of negotiation and identity construction or expressiveness, speed and clarity in messages in digital discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of style within the variationist tradition of Sociolinguistics has been ancillary until very recently despite this centrality in sociolinguistic variation: it has been merely used as an independent variable (extralinguistic parameter) in the correlation of linguistic and extralinguistic variables, rather than as a sociolinguistic resource where to investigate speakers' style management, its effective use, and how style reflects and transmits social meaning -which is both social and linguistic. The variability present within a given speech community is not just a matter of socio-demographic differences among speakers as reflected on their speech (inter-speaker variation), but also -and crucially-different speech styles based on situational contexts, audienceship and/or the image intended to project. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the main different theoretical approaches developed of stylistic variation in Sociolinguistics: Audio-monitorisation, Audience Design, Script Design, Functional Register and Speaker Design models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is aimed at describing the findings of a study of English lessons contribution to the learning of Spanish spelling rules by first year Bachelor of Education students. The lexicon under study is mainly made up of cognate words of Latin origin because of their origin in both languages, English and Spanish. The fundaments that sustain the vocabulary treatment based on the process of affixation and spelling are presented. A system of tasks was modeled following two phases according to the complexity of the vocabulary and spelling rules used. The findings have contributed to a better understanding of spelling rules and as well as to foster students linguistic competence development both in the mother and target languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to investigate the process of fictionalized writing of Anthropology through The Myths' Thief. An Anthropological Novel, written by Francisco Sánchez Pérez, a Spanish anthropologist who launches a literary career. Literary Anthropology is the concept that offers the theoretical frame to analyze the novel, which is as a manifestation of a border and hybrid genre that interweaves anthropological and literary aspects at all levels of the text. The text serves as an example of interdisciplinarity which, in turn, is a result of contemporary interculturalism. The study of fictionalized anthropology brings us to the conclusion that this form of writing serves as a means to reveal new dimensions of human experience and contemporary culture and it offers answers to some of the paradoxes that encircle Anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pablo García Casado's poetry (Cordoba, 1972) originated around trends such as poetry of experience, engaged literature, and dirty realism. However, since his first work Las Afueras (1997), he abandoned these tendencies in order to introduce a desubjectivized voice that shifts away from common poetic spaces. García Casado observed reality with an oblique look that allowed for the reconfiguration of new points of view. In this paper, I propose three distinctive features to understand his work: periphery, evasion, and disenchantment. These notions, in fact, are embodied in the text by incorporating what I tentatively call minimalist realism. Through it, the poet explores new ways of expression and delves into non-poetic territories; thereby turning into poetry what remains outside of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the study of intertextuality in the Spanish poetry of the last few decades. Building on a review of the notion of intertextuality and its various definitions, and taking a broad/encompassing view of this phenomenon, it analyzes some interrelationships with other texts and works in three contemporary writing forms like aphorisms, ekphrasis, and visual poetry. In all of them, intertextuality serves as a compositional mechanism allowing for the creation of new works, which enter into a dialogue with tradition and then challenge and rewrite it through procedures such as revision, inversion and continuation. Intertextuality and other related modalities, including appropriation and intervention, thus emerge as the basic creative approaches underlying many contemporary productions and could come to be seen as a general trend in writing today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the subtitling and subtitling for the Deaf & Hard-of-Hearing (SDH) proposal of the North American serie The Big bang Theory. Due to the success that TV series have experimented in the last decade, we encounter the problem that the DVDs only include subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing in original version, in most cases in English, so the Spanish audience cannot have access to this material. In this paper we intend to go through all the phases, translation and adaptation stages until the final product. Firstly, we present the status of the issue and frame subtitling inside Audiovisual Translation (AVT), its characteristics and subtitling phases. Next, we will focus on the subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing, its special characteristics and technical aspects such as the position of each element on the screen and its format. Finally, we will analyse the results obtained from the chosen corpus, divided into four sections: technical specifications of the subtitling and adaptation proposal, challenges of the translation, challenges of the script adaptation and technical challenges. The final aim is to present a proposal of adaptation for the deaf and hard-of-hearing of an audiovisual material, and in certain way we expect to remove the obstacles that may exist and do our part in the struggle for accessibility in all scopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the groups included in the Nativity scene of the Riquelme Collection at the Museo Salzillo, the one traditionally called The Reading of the Romance provides an exceptional example of a public reading at the twilight of the Ancien Regime. It depicts a young shepherd reading to an audience set against a natural background. The paper analyses the group and its relation to the Nativity scene where it belongs, and studies aspects of the commission by Jesualdo Riquelme - a rich and educated local nobleman- of Francisco Salzillo, the artist who devised and started the group in his old age. The paper considers the group as a testimony of his age. It illustrates the behaviour and reactions of the reader and his audience demonstrating public readings as a means of socialising and transmitting knowledge for the illiterate working classes, an unusual theme for a Nativity scene. It bears witness to the attempt by some Enlightened rural figures to educate the illiterate poor in a context of celebration of life in Nature and affirmation of the authenticity of rural people at a time of land reform and social criticism offarmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide an state of the art of the key issues and methods adopted in computer-mediated discourse research in Spanish. By means of a content analysis of research papers published in scientific journals in Spanish between 1998 and 2014, we aim at identifying, first, the main objectives underlying these papers and, second, the methods and techniques adopted for the analysis of interactions in the digital environment. The results of this exploratory study, which is constitutes a first step of a larger research project (CorpusRedEs), show how the studies on computer-mediated discourse in Spanish have undergone an evolution from the characterization of the so-called "Internet language" throughout the description of some features in chats, to the analysis of different linguistic and pragmatic phenomena, such as linguistic variation, genre or (im)politeness, in a wider range of digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the literary beginning of argentinan writer Libertad Demitrópulos, well-known as a novelist, but not so much as a poet. However, she was a poet in her youth, when she met Spanish Nobel Prize Juan Ramón Jiménez, who admired her poetry, and kept some letters and texts from Demitrópulos in his archive, in Puerto Rico. There we found a poetic prose text, unpublished up to this time, that we present in this paper and that shows some motifs and topics that will be typical in Demitrópulos later works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how ironic utterances are used in a corpus made by political talk shows broadcast on TV and Radio. To investigate the question, a taxonomy of ironic utterances found in the corpus is proposed. Those ironic utterances are analysed from a pragmatic perspective, with a particular focus on the impolite function, characteristic of this specific communicative situation. Finally, the results of a quantitative analysis are shown, taking into account the media of the programme, and the sex/role of the speaker. The paper will conclude the high presence of ironic utterances in the political talk show, where they might be used as impolite and argumentative mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on two contract subgenres: software licenses and warranties of goods. Both illustrate the interdisciplinary nature of texts in commercial translation processes. Although professional translators are likely to become experts through practice in one particular sector or subject-field, the skills required to identify, understand and solve problems in areas outside their main fields of expertise are essential if quality translations are to be produced. Legal and contract clauses are particularly important given their complexity and ubiquity, and also for the fact that they may imply contract liability. This paper uses two case studies - software licenses and warranties- to examine contract language and the difficulties it may pose for translators. These two contract subgenres are naturally found in technical information environments and typically require an instrumental approach to translation (Nord. 1997). Every translator should have a basic grasp of the foundations of legal translation and its possible associated legal responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the translation for subtitling into English of cultural references in the Spanish movie Ocho apellidos vascos (Spanish Affair, Martínez Lázaro, 2014). The internationalization of Spanish cinema over the past years has led to the need to bring it closer to foreign audiences by means of the different modes of Audiovisual Translation. The boom of co-productions has propelled Spanish movies to foreign cinema screens, especially those created by renowned directors and screenwriters. Consequently, English subtitles are now frequently present in the DVD or Blu-Ray editions of hit movies. Since this paper mainly focuses on the translation of cultural references, a brief theoretical section precedes the comparative analysis, which has been divided into three parts: linguistic elements (the presence of Euskera and of linguistic features of the Andalusian variety of Spanish), references to Andalusia and references to the Basque Country. The final aim is to identify the overall strategy that has been carried out in the subtitling and the translation techniques employed in each provided example. The way in which these elements have been transferred into English will influence how this film is perceived by its target audience, since those references are of paramount importance to the plot and define not only the movie but most importantly the culture that it intends to portray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Historiography and memory of linguistics in autobiographies of linguists". The paper discusses the autobiographical historiography of linguistics contributions. The autobiography is a source of the narrative aspect of historiography. In the paper a list of autobiographies of linguists is made (Davis & O'Cain 1980, Koerner 1991 y 1998, López Alonso & Séré 1992, Swiggers 1997, Brown & Law 2002, Timotin & Colceriu 2012, Laborda, Romera & Fernández Planas 2014) to consider their cognitive, literary and textual aspects. The article applies the theory as an analytical model of the drama and of the constituents of the story by Jerome Bruner. The study confirms the suitability of the autobiography to tell the life story of the author and to describe the landscape of contemporary linguistics. The study reveals the multifaceted value of writing I like literature, scientific document and source of social information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is twofold: first, to provide an analysis of the potential of Information Visualization as a tool in discourse analysis research, and second, to express the need for greater integration within other approaches to language and knowledge comprehension. It is illustrated in this paper how the integration of content analysis techniques, Network Theory, Information Visualization and Corpus Linguistics contribute to detect certain patterns in the discursive configuration and interaction network of the characters in Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment. The visualizations (e.g., graphs and word clouds) not only prove to be an excellent (and necessary) tool for testing previous theoretical hypotheses made by Dostoevsky scholars, but they also demonstrate the extensive possibilities to reveal patterns and singular textual phenomena that serve to be the base for future empirical approaches to the study of linguistic data and literary text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Slavoj Žižek's philosophy regarding violence and the poetics No tan incendiario (2014) by Marta Sanz and Un pistoletazo en medio de un concierto (2008) by Belén Gopegui, this paper will point out the literary approach of these writers and how their approach is integrated in their novels. Both approaches are based on making visible the dominant discourse, questioning the verisimilitude and the responsibility of the writer and his literary work, committing to the society by the symbolic power, creating an alternative and resistance discourse against the hegemonic discourse. Animales domésticos (2003) by Sanz and El comité de la noche (2014) by Gopegui are the elected novels in order to show how these writers use their literary approaches within their narratives with the clear purpose of creating a kind of literature which intervenes in social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a study on semantic neology in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, first volume of the saga by J.K. Rowling (1997). The new meanings appearing in the Spanish translation are studied as a first step for the analysis of these lexical units in the communities of Spanish-speaking fans of Harry Potter (or fandoms), who use the same vocabulary in the large number of websites in which they participate, and in which Spanish is the only language of communication. In particular, we study the nouns used with a neological meaning in the first volume of the saga. As a result, through the analysis and classification of these neologisms, it is observed how they play a special role in the fictional world that they contribute to create, in the sense that they play the role of a continuum between the real and the magical world, a characteristic that has Been highlighted by fans as one of the most appealing aspects of the saga. The study also contributes to the methodology for the study of semantic neology and offers evidence for integrating the neology of fiction within the general theory of neology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the lexicographic and lexicological interest of the various vocabularies inserted in the Tratados varios manuscript, which was compiled by Macario Fariñas del Corral in the seventeenth century. The thematic organization of his work is motivated by his claim to organise an encyclopedia that summarises different knowledges and, therefore, it could be used for the transmission of knowledge. The author plagiarises the treatises of the different authors and about the various scientific disciplines, such as Architecture, Geometry, Art of militia or Painting, but the author adds, at last of each one of them, others nomenclatures about these themes with the heading terms of the art. The results of this study show the interest of these nomenclatures for the history of Spanish specialized lexicography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I reflect on the rhetorical origins of the constructivist tradition and its current revival in this latter discipline. I begin with a brief history of the evolution of rhetorical thinking from its origin in antiquity, considering its subsequent conversion into a mere treatise on stylistic resources; this understanding of rhetoric would last for centuries in the West, and would lead it to its decline, until it later recovered during the twentieth century. Its development over the last hundred years is summarised on three levels: (1) restoration of the tradition inherited (inventory of tropes and figures of speech), (2) recovery of all five rhetorical operations and their political and social reuse and (3) configuration of constructivist rhetoric. This third level is my proposal. I define our understanding of the totality of discursiverhetorical strategies, and the construction of diverse rhetorical speeches, as the way we make conscious our cognitive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the language's identitary space within the migratory process of the arabs onto Chile through the journalistic and literary activities developed by the immigrant community in this country. Secondly, it points out the feeling of arabicity or arabism that promotes and recreates this litterary corpus, which profoundly marks the poetic production of various generations of arab and chilean writers of arab origin. To this end, it presents textual samples of articles from the newspaper al-Iṣlāḥ (La Reforma), later called Mundo Árabe, and various poetic samples from the literary figures: Mahfud Massis (1916-1990), Matías Rafide Batarce (1929) y Emilio Mohor Zummers (1920-2002), amongst other big exponents of the arabic literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Aristotle and his linguistic conception in a civic environment". The figure of Aristotle appears in the all general works of the history of linguistics. His contribution to linguistic thought has been studied on his concepts of grammar and logic, as well as those of analysis of rhetorical and poetic discourse. Many historians have dealt with Aristotle historians. Of these, W. Thomsen, founder of the history of linguistics in 1902, R. H. Robins and others more recent, such as R. Harris, T. J. Taylor and V. Law, are taken into account here. The study of their comments, diverse and sometimes incompatible, illustrates the dynamic condition of historiography and the influence of paradigms in their critical task. The thesis of the paper is that the integral study of the work of Aristotle reveals that he was a visionary of linguistic reflection, placed at the service of a civic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word niña means etymologically the same as pupil ('niñita'), but while the latter has lost this meaning in current Spanish and has remained as a reference of a part of the eye that is no longer related to its origin, the term niña still have in our days its original meaning. The aim of this paper is to see how the expression niña del ojo in Spanish language originates, what makes its formation possible and, from there, to study its development and temporal trajectory through its historical evolution in lexicographic works, as well as its documentation and general extension in the Hispanic world, to lead to an analysis of its situation and current use in relation to the term pupil. According to the results observed, pupil, which in its beginning was a cultism of the anatomical jargon, seems to be displacing the expression niña del ojo, which has been the most used traditionally in the common language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the need to give up one of our senses, it is highly probable that we would think about olfaction as one of the best options. This stance, not absolutely groundless, reflects how humans prioritize some senses over olfaction, which has clearly bore consequences on the scientific landscape. This paper presents a review of the state of the art on olfaction research. Setting out from the olfactory sensory experience in mammals, we will pay special attention to some dim questions, somewhat marginalized or recently revisited, that can help us illuminate the lexicalization processes across cultures. We will elaborate on a revision of how smell physical perception takes place in mammals, moving forward to human olfactory perception and down the path that makes the olfactory stimulus a conscious sensory experience that can be expressed in words. We will focus particularly on new data about our understanding of olfaction that describe certain mechanisms and patterns relevant to understand how sensory information is processed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concha Méndez was one of those neglected women of the Spanish Generation of 27. She worked on almost all literary genres, poetry, theatre, but also memories or lectures. This paper will focus on Méndez's role as children theatre playwright and the innovative elements included in it. Questions such as modernity, avant-garde or didactics are key to understand the importance of Concha Méndez's children theatrical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to confirm Sakari's hypothesis on the controversial verse number eight in Azalais de Porcairagues's unique canso. This verse might contain the expression l'am having the sense of 'emotions' or 'feelings'. Some Psalms, the Song of Songs and Arnaut Daniel's sestina could have been a source of inspiration for Azalais, as they all have occurrences of derivatives from Latin ANIMA with (almost) the same sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studing Miguel de Unamuno's unpublish manuscript, "Nocturno". The poetic "Nocturne" became a recurring literary motif in the Romantic and 19th century poetry. Although Villaespesa and Juan Ramon Jimenez were the first Spanish poets to publish their nocturne, also Unamuno wrote this type of Lyrical composition before 1899. We support our work on the new methodology of Genetic Criticism. Through analyzing this unknown draft we determine that Don Miguel create a particularly metaphor based on analogy between the Nocturnal and his intrahistoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a comparative analysis of the film Snow White by Pablo Berger, in 2012 and the homonymous story by the Brothers Grimm, in 1812. It consists of an introduction about the historical and literary background of Snow White's character, an analysis of the staging (characters, space, time, costumes, makeup, lighting, sets, expression and movement), cinematography, the plane, the scene and edited sequences, as well as sound. All this, in order to clarify the interest of the character of Snow White throughout history and the intentionality, in general, that moves authors to choose this iconic female character as the protagonist of their works and in particular, the intention of Pablo Berger in using Snow White in his silent film in black and white two thousand years later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After presenting the sociolinguistic study about El habla de Mérida (Fernández de Molina, 2014), where we check the speech evolution of this town in the last seventy years with the results proposed for Zamora Vicente (1943) in El habla de Mérida y sus cercanías, we currently proposed a new research. As in the work of Zamora Vicente, in this research we want to make a study of the capital, Mérida and also more than 13 villages that make up the region. In this paper we will present the methodology for obtain the linguistic data of the region of Mérida. We will include the description of extralinguistic variables, the steps to select the population simple and the interview model to obtain the linguistic patterns of this geographic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One aspect of literary creation that critics find particularly complex and difficult to define is the relationship between fiction and reality. It is an area that can only be addressed by carefully unravelling fictitious and real-life elements within texts and analysing how they converge, diverge or sometimes even become indistinguishable - a factor crucial to a work's plausibility in the eyes of the reader. This paper examines the degree of verisimilitude to be found in Leopoldo Marechal's first novel, Adán Buenosayres (1948), where contact between fiction and reality is conflictive in terms both of content (alternation between real and fantasy worlds) and form (the articulation of the plot). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we address the expression "en plan" and their possible combinations, which manifest themselves with some frequency in everyday discourse of young Spaniards. We intend to determine whether witnessed cases of lexical innovation, so we will review how we document some dictionaries and corpus of Spanish. Moreover, we 89 surveys of young people, mostly aged 18 to 25 years to verify the use and contexts of this expression. The data obtained confirm that this is a phenomenon of lexical, partial innovation, housed in a particular age group and occurs in colloquial, spontaneous, informal and oral strong imprint conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we intend to investigate the perception of the Arab world, especially Syria, according to the European imaginary. Wait for me in paradise is the first novel that narrates the Syrian civil war based on a firsthand testimony. Mayte Carrasco, a journalist and reporter, lived two and a half months in Syria covering the events of the war. The imaginary of Gilbert Durand offers us the methodological framework to examine the East built by the European imaginary. Examining the components of the Western imaginary over the Arab world helps us to conclude whether the war in Syria has contributed to changing the image of the Arab world in the eyes of the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]