268,544 results
Search Results
202. Exploration on ability of printable modified papers for the application in heat sublimation transfer printing of polyester fabric
- Author
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Abeer M. Adel, Nivin M. Ahmed, Mohamed A. Diab, Fatma N. El-Shall, and Nabila El-Shinnawy
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
In this work heat transfer papers were loaded with a new core–shell pigment based on precipitating thin shell of titanium dioxide on a core of rice husk silica ash TiO2/RHSA to be applied in dye sublimation printing of textile fabrics. Besides, 0.1% (w/w) cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and 1% (w/w) bentonite (Bt) were also added sequentially to improve drainage and filler retention of the paper hand-sheets made from bleached kraft bagasse pulps. The effect of the new core–shell pigment on the mechanical and barrier properties, thermal stability and surface morphology of modified paper sheets were investigated. In addition, the study of transfer printability and ease of dye release from paper to fabric in this heat transfer printing of polyester fabrics using silk-screen printing under different transfer parameters were studied. Also, fastness measurements including washing, light and perspiration of printing polyester fabric were also estimated.
- Published
- 2023
203. A retrospective study of differences in patients’ anxiety and satisfaction between paper-based and computer-based tools for 'Shared Decision-Making'
- Author
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Jung-Chen Chen, Shang-Feng Tsai, and Shih-An Liu
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
We aimed to investigate differences in patients’ anxiety and satisfaction between patients undergoing paper-based patient decision aid (PDA) for shared decision-making (SDM) and those receiving computer-based PDA. We retrospectively collected questionnaires before and after SDM. Basic demographic data as well as anxiety, satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and participation in SDM were recorded. We divided our population into subgroups according to use of paper-based or computer-based PDA. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships among variables. In total, 304 patients who visited our Division of Nephrology were included in the final analysis. Overall, over half of the patients felt anxiety (n = 217, 71.4%). Near half of the patients felt a reduction in anxiety after SDM (n = 143, 47.0%) and 281 patients (92.4%) were satisfied with the whole process of SDM. When we divided all the patients based on use of paper-based or computer-based PDA, the reduction of anxiety level was greater in the patients who underwent paper-based PDA when compared with that of those who underwent computer-based PDA. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two groups. Paper-based PDA was as effective as computer-based PDA. Further studies comparing different types of PDA are warranted to fill the knowledge gaps in the literature.
- Published
- 2023
204. Three-dimensional paper-based slip device for one-step point-of-care testing.
- Author
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Han KN, Choi JS, and Kwon J
- Subjects
- Caliciviridae Infections virology, Diagnostic Tests, Routine methods, Equipment Design, Humans, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques instrumentation, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques methods, Norovirus physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Time Factors, Caliciviridae Infections diagnosis, Diagnostic Tests, Routine instrumentation, Paper, Point-of-Care Testing
- Abstract
In this study, we developed a new type of paper-based analytical device (PAD), the three-dimensional (3D) slip-PAD, to detect infectious human norovirus for global healthcare. The 3D configuration of the papers combined with a slip design provides unique features and versatility that overcome the limitations of fluidic manipulation and sensitivity in point-of-care (POC) tests. The assay can be carried out in a single step based on a moveable slip design, making it suitable for unskilled users. The 3D fluidic network developed by layered construction of wax-patterned papers provides different fluidic paths for the sequential delivery of multiple fluids without the need for peripheral equipment. The release and mixing of enhancement reagents on the device improved the sensitivity and detection limit. The assay results could be visualized by naked eye within 10 min, with subsequent amplification of the signal over time (<60 min). The device showed a broad dynamic range of detection and high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 9.5 × 10(4) copies ml(-1) for human norovirus. These results demonstrate that the 3D slip-PAD is a sensitive diagnostic assay for detecting human norovirus infection that is particularly suitable for POC testing in regions where resources are scarce.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. Paper-based upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for sensitive detection of multiple cancer biomarkers.
- Author
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Xu S, Dong B, Zhou D, Yin Z, Cui S, Xu W, Chen B, and Song H
- Subjects
- Limit of Detection, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Biosensing Techniques, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Paper
- Abstract
A paper-based upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay device is proposed for sensitive detection of CEA. The device is fabricated on a normal filter paper with simple nano-printing method. Upconversion nanoparticles tagged with specific antibodies are printed to the test zones on the test paper, followed by the introduction of assay antigen. Upconversion fluorescence measurements are directly conducted on the test zones after the antigen-to-antibody reactions. Furthermore, a multi-channel test paper for simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers was established by the same method and obtained positive results. The device showed high anti-interfere, stability, reproducible and low detection limit (0.89 ng/mL), moreover it is very easy to fabricate and operate, which is a promising prospect for a clinical point-of-care test.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Fire-induced structural changes and long-term stability of burned historical rag papers
- Author
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Ahn, Kyujin, primary, Schedl, Andreas, additional, Zweckmair, Thomas, additional, Rosenau, Thomas, additional, and Potthast, Antje, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Selective laser sintering of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle inks on paper substrates to achieve highly conductive patterns
- Author
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Balliu, Enkeleda, primary, Andersson, Henrik, additional, Engholm, Magnus, additional, Öhlund, Thomas, additional, Nilsson, Hans-Erik, additional, and Olin, Håkan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of spent coffee used for paper-based hydrogen peroxide sensing device.
- Author
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Srikhao N, Ounkaew A, Kasemsiri P, Theerakulpisut S, Okhawilai M, and Hiziroglu S
- Subjects
- Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Silver, Beverages, Coffee, Metal Nanoparticles
- Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H
2 O2 ) has attracted considerable attention for use as a disinfectant ingredient for various applications over the decades. The use of H2 O2 within the safety regulations can avoid its toxicity to human health and the environment. In this study, a paper-based sensor containing green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) was developed for use in a smartphone in the determination of the H2 O2 concentration. In the synthesis process, an extract of spent coffee grounds was used as a bioreducing agent. The effects of reaction time and silver nitrate (AgNO3 ) concentration on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were investigated. The optimum conditions for the preparation of P-AgNPs were determined to be 100 mM AgNO3 (P-AgNPs-100) and 15 h synthesis time. The P-AgNPs-100 sensor exhibited high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.26 mM H2 O2 , which might be suitable for the detection of H2 O2 -based household and beverage sanitizers. The H2 O2 detection capability of P-AgNPs-100 was comparable to that of a commercial strip sensor. Furthermore, P-AgNPs-100 had a detection efficiency of more than 95% after long-term storage for 100 days., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Potential effects of nano-cellulose and nano-silica/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in the strengthening of dyed paper manuscripts with madder: an experimental study.
- Author
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Abdel-Hamied M, Hassan RRA, Salem MZM, Ashraf T, Mohammed M, Mahmoud N, El-Din YS, and Ismail SH
- Subjects
- Cellulose chemistry, Silicon Dioxide chemistry, Coloring Agents, Plant Extracts, Polyvinyl Alcohol chemistry, Nanocomposites chemistry
- Abstract
In the present work, the composite cross-linked were used to consolidate the dyed paper manuscripts. Nanocomposites of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MPSNP)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/PVA, which have never been used before, have been evaluated for the consolidation process of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract. Three concentrations 1%, 3%, and 5% have been prepared. Analysis and investigation methods like scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), X-Ray diffraction Analysis (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and total color difference (ΔE) by spectrophotometer have been used in order to characterize the prepared nano-sized composites and evaluate the treated dyed paper samples before and after the aging process. The results of surface morphology by SEM revealed the effectiveness of MPSNP/PVA core-shell nanocomposite at 5% in the consolidation process, where the improvement of properties of the aged dyed paper samples. The fibers of the treated paper became strong and appeared clearly. The result of ΔE measurements showed that the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the lowest ΔE (5.22), while, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 5% gave the highest ΔE value (11.66). Mechanical measurements (tensile strength and elongation) revealed the efficiency of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 5% in the treatment of the aged dyed paper samples. The treated sample with the mentioned material gave tensile strength and elongation values of 84.8 N/nm
2 and 1.736%, respectively. In contrast, the treated sample with CNF/PVA nanocomposite at 1% gave the lowest tensile strength and elongation values 38.2 N/nm2 , and 1.166%, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed an increase was noticed in the CH2 stretching band (refers to the crystallinity of cellulose), where the intensity of the treated sample with MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite was at a 5% increase compared to the control sample. The FTIR results supported the results of mechanical measurements. The intensity of the CH2 stretching band, which refers to the crystallinity index of cellulose, was increased with the use of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite at 3% and 5%, which explains the improvement in mechanical properties. This may be due to the nano-mineral particles, which improve the mechanical properties. Additionally, they reduce the effect of accelerated thermal aging on the cellulosic fibers and give them stability. The detailed analysis of analytical methods used for evaluation revealed the novelty of MPSNP/PVA nanocomposite, especially at 5%. It has a potential role in strengthening and improving different properties of the dyed paper manuscripts with madder extract., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
210. Anti-counterfeiting system based on luminescent varnish enriched by NIR- excited nanoparticles for paper security.
- Author
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Przybylska D, Grzyb T, Erdman A, Olejnik K, and Szczeszak A
- Subjects
- Luminescence, Fluorides chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Lanthanoid Series Elements chemistry
- Abstract
Up-converting nanoparticles can be a demand for requirements in many areas, including bioimaging and conversion of energy, but also in the battle against counterfeiting. The properties of lanthanide ions make falsification difficult or even impossible using appropriately designed systems. The proposition of such an approach is the NaErF
4 :Tm3+ @NaYF4 core@shell up-converting nanoparticles combined with transparent varnishes. Given the spectroscopic properties of Er3+ ions present in the fluoride matrix, the obtained up-converting nanoparticles absorb light by 808 and 975 nm wavelengths. The intentionally co-doped Tm3+ ions enable tuning characteristic green Er3+ emission to red luminescence, particularly desirable in anti-counterfeiting applications. The article includes a thorough analysis of structural and morphological properties. Moreover, this work shows that exclusive luminescent properties of NaErF4 :Tm3+ @NaYF4 NPs can be given to the transparent varnish, providing an excellent anti-counterfeiting system, revealing red emission under two different excitation wavelengths., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
211. A novel technique to overcome fluid flow influence in carbon quantum dots/paper-based analytical devices.
- Author
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Zoghi S and Rahmandoust M
- Subjects
- Polyvinyl Alcohol, Carbon chemistry, Cellulose, Quantum Dots chemistry, Mercury
- Abstract
Paper-based analytical devices are promising choices for rapid tests and lab-on-chip detection techniques. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), on the other hand, are biocompatible nanomaterials, which are industrially promising, due to their fast and cost-effective gram-scale synthesis techniques, as well as their significantly high and stable photoluminescence (PL) properties, which are durable and reliable over a year. However, there have been limitations in the entrapment of CQDs on cellulose papers in a way that their PL is not influenced by the flowing of the CQDs with the stream of analyte fluid, making the sensors less accurate at very low concentrations of liquid analytes. Therefore, in this investigation, a polyvinyl alcohol/alkaline-based method was systematically generated and developed to entrap CQDs inside a 3D crystalline matrix on paper, in a way that they can be used directly as probes for a simple drop-and-detect method. As a proof of concept, N/P-doped CQD on cellulose paper was used to make fluorescent paper-based analytical devices for identifying traces of Hg
2+ of around 100 ppb. The designed sensor was tested over several months, to study its durability and functionality over long periods, for potential industrial applications., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
212. Indigenous bacteria as an alternative for promoting recycled paper and cardboard mill wastewater treatment.
- Author
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Gholami M, Ghaneian MT, Teimouri F, Ehrampoush MH, Nadoushan AJ, Jambarsang S, and Mahvi AH
- Subjects
- Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Recycling, Wastewater, Water Purification
- Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate indigenous bacteria possibility in recycled paper and cardboard mill (RPCM) wastewater treatment through the isolation and identification of full-scale RPCM indigenous bacteria. The molecular characterization of the isolated bacteria was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Klebsiella pneumoniae AT-1 (MZ599583), Citrobacter freundii AT-4 (OK178569), and Bacillus subtilis AT-5 (MZ323975) were dominant strains used for RPCM wastewater bioremediation experiments. Under optimal conditions, the maximum values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color biodegradation by C. freundii AT-4 were 79.54% and 43.81% after 10 days of incubation, respectively. In the case of B. subtilis strain AT-5 and K. pneumoniae AT-1, the maximum values of COD and color biodegradation were 70.08%, 45.96%, 71.26%, and 32.06%, respectively. The results from optimal conditions regarding efficiency were higher in comparison with the efficiency obtained from the oxidation ditch treatment unit in full-scale RPCM-WWTP. Therefore, the present study introduces the isolated indigenous bacteria strains as a promising candidate for improving the RPCM-WWTP efficiency using bioremediation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
213. Cellulose nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol blends as an efficient coating to improve the hydrophobic and oleophobic properties of paper.
- Author
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Huang S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Hua F, and Xia X
- Subjects
- Cellulose chemistry, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Polyvinyl Alcohol chemistry, Tensile Strength, Nanofibers chemistry
- Abstract
The effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating on the hydrophobic, oleophobic, and strength properties of paper were investigated. The results showed that the size of bamboo fibers (BFs) decreased significantly and the crystallinity increased significantly after biological enzyme treatment. The average length of CNFs obtained by high pressure homogenization was 2.4 µm, the diameter was 28.7 nm, and the crystallinity was 63.63%. When the coating weight of PVA/CNF was 2.0 g/m
2 and the CNF dosage was increased from 0.0% to 3.0%, the paper grease resistance grade was increased from 7 to 9, the Cobb value was decreased from 22.68 ± 0.29 g/m2 to 18.37 ± 0.63 g/m2 , the contact angle was increased from 67.82° to 93.56°, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile index were increased from 67.72 ± 0.21 N m/g and 37.63 ± 0.25 N m/g to 68.61 ± 0.55 N m/g and 40.71 ± 0.78 N m/g, respectively. When the CNF dosage was 3.0% and the coating weight of PVA/CNF was 4.0 g/m2 , the grease resistance grade of the paper was 12, the Cobb value was 21.80 ± 0.39 g/m2 , and the longitudinal and transverse tensile indices were 72.11 ± 0.43 N m/g and 42.58 ± 0.48 N m/g, respectively. In summary, the increase of CNFs can effectively improve the lipophobicity, hydrophobicity and tensile strength of the PVA coated paper., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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214. Spectrochemical approach combined with symptoms data to diagnose fibromyalgia through paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) and multivariate classification
- Author
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Marcelo V. S. Alves, Lanaia I. L. Maciel, João O. S. Passos, Camilo L. M. Morais, Marfran C. D. dos Santos, Leomir A. S. Lima, Boniek G. Vaz, Rodrigo Pegado, and Kássio M. G. Lima
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
This study performs a chemical investigation of blood plasma samples from patients with and without fibromyalgia, combined with some of the symptoms and their levels of intensity used in the diagnosis of this disease. The symptoms evaluated were: visual analogue pain scale (VAS); fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ); Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM); Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TAMPA); quality of life Questionnaire—physical and mental health (QL); and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (CAT). Plasma samples were analyzed by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS). Spectral data were organized into datasets and related to each of the symptoms measured. The datasets were submitted to multivariate classification using supervised models such as principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), successive projections algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (SPA-LDA), genetic algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) and their versions with quadratic discriminant analysis (PCA/SPA/GA-QDA) and support vector machines (PCA/SPA/GA-SVM). These algorithm combinations were performed aiming the best class separation. Good discrimination between the controls and fibromyalgia samples were observed using PCA-LDA, where the spectral data associated with the CAT symptom achieved 100% classification sensitivity, and associated with the VAS symptom achieved 100% classification specificity, with both symptoms at the moderate level of intensity. The spectral variable at 579 m/z was found to be substantially significant for classification according to the PCA loadings. According to the human metabolites database, this variable can be associated with a LysoPC compound, which comprises a class of metabolites already evidenced in other studies for fibromyalgia diagnosis. This study proposed an investigation of spectral data combined with clinical data to compare the classification ability of different datasets. The good classification results obtained confirm this technique is as a good analytical tool for the detection of fibromyalgia, and provides theoretical support for other studies about fibromyalgia diagnosis.
- Published
- 2023
215. Open software platform for automated analysis of paper-based microfluidic devices
- Author
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Daniel J. Wilson, Charles R. Mace, and Rayleigh W. Parker
- Subjects
Computer science ,Science ,Microfluidics ,Image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,Article ,Imaging studies ,Medical and clinical diagnostics ,Measure (data warehouse) ,Multidisciplinary ,Lab-on-a-chip ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Color intensity ,Process (computing) ,Bioanalytical chemistry ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Open software ,Medicine ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Development of paper-based microfluidic devices that perform colorimetric measurements requires quantitative image analysis. Because the design geometries of paper-based microfluidic devices are not standardized, conventional methods for performing batch measurements of regularly spaced areas of signal intensity, such as those for well plates, cannot be used to quantify signal from most of these devices. To streamline the device development process, we have developed an open-source program called ColorScan that can automatically recognize and measure signal-containing zones from images of devices, regardless of output zone geometry or spatial arrangement. This program, which measures color intensity with the same accuracy as standard manual approaches, can rapidly process scanned device images, simultaneously measure identified output zones, and effectively manage measurement results to eliminate requirements for time-consuming and user-dependent image processing procedures.
- Published
- 2020
216. Invasive paper wasp turns urban pollinator gardens into ecological traps for monarch butterfly larvae
- Author
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Adam Baker and Daniel A. Potter
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Population ,Population Dynamics ,Wasps ,lcsh:Medicine ,Polistes dominula ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Predation ,Danaus ,Pollinator ,Monarch butterfly ,Animals ,education ,Pollination ,lcsh:Science ,Asclepias ,Ecosystem ,Paper wasp ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Ecology ,lcsh:R ,Gardening ,biology.organism_classification ,010602 entomology ,Geography ,Larva ,Animal Migration ,lcsh:Q ,Ecological trap ,Introduced Species ,Zoology ,Butterflies ,Gardens - Abstract
Invasive species can be particularly disruptive when they intersect with organisms of conservation concern. Stabilizing the declining eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) is projected to require extensive habitat restoration across multiple land use sectors including metropolitan areas. Numerous conservation programs encourage urban citizens to plant gardens with milkweeds, the obligate larval host plants of the monarch. Here, we show that predation by Polistes dominula, an invasive paper wasp that is particularly abundant in urban settings, can turn such sites into ecological traps for monarch larvae. Polistes dominula was the predominant paper wasp seen foraging in central Kentucky pollinator gardens. In 120 observed encounters with monarch larvae on milkweeds in gardens, most second to fourth instars were killed, whereas most fifth instars escaped by thrashing or dropping. The wasps bit and carried off second instars whole, whereas third and fourth instar kills were first gutted, then processed and carried away piecemeal. Predation on sentinel larvae was much higher in urban gardens than in rural settings. The wasps exploited ornamental butterfly “hibernation boxes” in pollinator gardens as nesting habitat. Polistes dominula is an under-recognized predator that may diminish the urban sector’s contributions to monarch habitat restoration.
- Published
- 2020
217. Non-Hermitian topology in rock–paper–scissors games.
- Author
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Yoshida, Tsuneya, Mizoguchi, Tomonari, and Hatsugai, Yasuhiro
- Subjects
- *
TOPOLOGY , *SKIN effect , *TOPOLOGICAL property , *CONDENSED matter , *GAME theory - Abstract
Non-Hermitian topology is a recent hot topic in condensed matters. In this paper, we propose a novel platform drawing interdisciplinary attention: rock–paper–scissors (RPS) cycles described by the evolutionary game theory. Specifically, we demonstrate the emergence of an exceptional point and a skin effect by analyzing topological properties of their payoff matrix. Furthermore, we discover striking dynamical properties in an RPS chain: the directive propagation of the population density in the bulk and the enhancement of the population density only around the right edge. Our results open new avenues of the non-Hermitian topology and the evolutionary game theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. 3D Paper-based milk adulteration detection device.
- Author
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Patari, Subhashis, Datta, Priyankan, and Mahapatra, Pallab Sinha
- Subjects
ADULTERATIONS ,MICROFLUIDIC devices ,FLUID foods ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,FOOD consumption - Abstract
Milk adulteration is a common problem in developing countries, and it can lead to fatal diseases in humans. Despite several studies to identify different adulterants in milk samples, the effects of multiple adulterants remain unexplored. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) paper-based microfluidic device is designed and fabricated to simultaneously detect multiple chemical adulterants in milk. This device comprises a top cover, a bottom cover, and a middle layer composed of transportation and a detection zone. By making cuts on the middle layer's support, the device's flow path is characterised by optimum and uniform velocity. For the first time, seven adulterants (urea, detergents, soap, starch, hydrogen peroxide, sodium-hydrogen-carbonate, and salt) are detected in the milk sample simultaneously with specificity evaluation and detailed color interference analysis. Only 1–2 mL of sample volume is required to detect 7 adulterants at one time. We have used only 10 μ L of the reagent's volume for the colorimetric reaction and found the results within a few seconds. Observation reveals that the limit of detection (LOD) of the adulterants lies in the range between 0.05 % (vol./vol.) to 0.2 % (vol./vol.) using the colorimetric detection technique. The unknown quantity of the added adulterants is measured using the calibration curves obtained from the experiments results. The repeatability and reproducibility of the process, sensitivity, and the linear range of detection of the calibration curves and the statistical study of the color intensity data are thoroughly analysed herein. In any resource-limited setting, this simple, portable, and user-friendly 3D microfluidic device is expected to be used for testing liquid foods before consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Water activated disposable paper battery.
- Author
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Poulin, Alexandre, Aeby, Xavier, and Nyström, Gustav
- Subjects
LIQUID crystal displays ,STENCIL printing ,ALARM clocks ,POWER density ,BIODEGRADABLE materials - Abstract
We developed a disposable paper battery aiming to reduce the environmental impact of single-use electronics for applications such as point of care diagnosis, smart packaging and environmental sensing. The battery uses Zinc as a biodegradable metal anode, graphite as a nontoxic cathode material and paper as a biodegradable substrate. To facilitate additive manufacturing, we developed electrodes and current collector inks that can be stencil printed on paper to create water-activated batteries of arbitrary shape and size. The battery remains inactive until water is provided and absorbed by the paper substrate, taking advantage of its natural wicking behavior. Once activated, a single cell provides an open circuit potential of 1.2 V and a peak power density of 150 µW/cm
2 at 0.5 mA. As a proof of concept, we fabricated a two cell battery and used it to power an alarm clock and its liquid crystal display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
220. Cellulose nanofibrils manufactured by various methods with application as paper strength additives.
- Author
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Zeng, Jinsong, Zeng, Zhanting, Cheng, Zheng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Xiaojun, Wang, Bin, and Gao, Wenhua
- Subjects
SCANNING electron microscopy ,CELLULOSE ,HYDROLYSIS ,CRYSTALLINITY ,HARDWOODS - Abstract
Recycled paper and some hardwood paper often display poorer mechanical properties, which hinder its practical applications and need to be addressed. In this work, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) obtained by a combined process of enzymatic hydrolysis and grinding (EG-CNFs), grinding and microfluidization (GH-CNFs) or TEMPO-mediated oxidation and grinding (TE-CNFs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, CNFs were made into films on which some characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis transmittance spectroscopy were implemented. Results showed that CNF fibrillation was promoted as times of passes increased in microfluidization, and CNFs pretreated by enzyme possessed shorter length. Crystallinity of CNFs was related to CNF manufacturing methods, while CNF films' transparency was correlated to CNF diameter distributions. Moreover, CNFs were applied with different dosages on recycled and hardwood paper. Lengths of CNFs, strength of CNF network, and pulp properties were critical factors affecting the mechanical strength of CNFs-enhanced paper. GH-CNFs showed better strengthened effect on tensile strength of paper than TE-CNFs and EG-CNFs. The best overall improvement was achieved at GH-CNF10 dosage of 5.0 wt% on hardwood paper. The increment of tensile index, burst index, and folding endurance were 108.32%, 104.65%, and 600%, respectively. This work aims to find out the relationship between production methods and morphologies of CNFs and how the morphological characteristics of CNFs affecting the mechanical performance of paper when they are added as strength additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Minor compositional alterations in faecal microbiota after five weeks and five months storage at room temperature on filter papers
- Author
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Corinna Bang, Uffe Holmskov, Louise B. Thingholm, Sebastian von Huth, Malte C. Rühlemann, and Andre Franke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,0301 basic medicine ,Firmicutes ,Preservation, Biological ,030106 microbiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,Feces ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Phylogeny ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacteria ,biology ,Microbiota ,lcsh:R ,Temperature ,Bacteroidetes ,Biodiversity ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Next-generation sequencing ,16s rrna gene sequencing ,Female ,lcsh:Q ,Metagenomics ,Microbiome ,Faecal occult blood test ,Filtration - Abstract
The gut microbiota is recognized as having major impact in health and disease. Sample storage is an important aspect to obtain reliable results. Mostly recommended is immediate freezing, however, this is not always feasible. Faecal occult blood test (FOBT) papers are an appealing solution in such situations, and most studies find these to be applicable, showing no major changes within 7 days storage at room temperature (RT). As fieldwork often requires RT storage for longer periods, evaluation of this is warranted. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 19 paired faecal samples immediately frozen or kept five weeks and five months at RT on FOBT papers. Alpha-diversity evaluation revealed no effect of FOBT storage, and evaluation of beta-diversity showed that host explained 65% of community variation, while storage method explained 5%. Evaluation of community dispersion and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio revealed a larger effect of storage time for fresh-frozen samples. Single taxa evaluation (order-to-genus level) showed significant alterations of four (of 37) genera after five weeks and five genera after five months. When comparing the two timepoints, alterations were only detectable for fresh-frozen samples. Our findings reveal that long term storage on FOBT papers is an applicable approach for microbiota research.
- Published
- 2019
222. Nitrogen-doped carbon paper with 3D porous structure as a flexible free-standing anode for lithium-ion batteries
- Author
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Hua Zhang, Juntan Yang, Haoqing Hou, Shuiliang Chen, and Haimin Yao
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In this paper, a novel nitrogen-doped carbon paper (NCP) with both highly dense three-dimensional cellular structure and excellent bending flexibility is fabricated by pyrolyzing a melamine foam under compression. When serving as a free-standing anode for lithium-ion batteries, the NCP electrode delivers a reversible capacity up to 329.8 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 (1.34 C) and 126.5 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 8.0 A g−1 (21.5 C). Such electrochemical performance is much higher than those of the counterparts prepared by pyrolysis without compression and can be mainly attributed to (a) the 3D highly dense interconnected carbon network with numerous junctions which can facilitate the efficient electron transfer and provide short transportation paths for lithium ions; and (b) the excellent mechanical flexibility and self-standing capability which exempt the use of binder, conductive additive and current collector. The NCP electrode implies a great promise of application in the high-performance Li-ion batteries for the flexible and wearable electronics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Freestanding and flexible graphene papers as bioelectrochemical cathode for selective and efficient CO2 conversion
- Author
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Nabin Aryal, Arnab Halder, Minwei Zhang, Patrick R. Whelan, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Qijin Chi, and Tian Zhang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract During microbial electrosynthesis (MES) driven CO2 reduction, cathode plays a vital role by donating electrons to microbe. Here, we exploited the advantage of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) paper as novel cathode material to enhance electron transfer between the cathode and microbe, which in turn facilitated CO2 reduction. The acetate production rate of Sporomusa ovata-driven MES reactors was 168.5 ± 22.4 mmol m−2 d−1 with RGO paper cathodes poised at −690 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode. This rate was approximately 8 fold faster than for carbon paper electrodes of the same dimension. The current density with RGO paper cathodes of 2580 ± 540 mA m−2 was increased 7 fold compared to carbon paper cathodes. This also corresponded to a better cathodic current response on their cyclic voltammetric curves. The coulombic efficiency for the electrons conversion into acetate was 90.7 ± 9.3% with RGO paper cathodes and 83.8 ± 4.2% with carbon paper cathodes, respectively. Furthermore, more intensive cell attachment was observed on RGO paper electrodes than on carbon paper electrodes with confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These results highlight the potential of RGO paper as a promising cathode for MES from CO2.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. Vertical Paper Analytical Devices Fabricated Using the Principles of Quilling and Kirigami
- Author
-
Bingbing Gao, Junjie Chi, Hong Liu, and Zhongze Gu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Here we report the vertical paper analytical devices (vPADs) fabricated using the principles of quilling and kirigami. What differentiates the vPADs from conventional paper microfluidic devices is that the paper substrate used to fabricate the device is placed vertically to the device plane. The fabrication of vPADs with high precision is instrument-free, requiring no photolithography, printing or heating. Two- and three-dimensional vPADs are fabricated for multiplex colorimetric assays of four biochemical indicators and automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human myoglobin, respectively.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. Electrochemical removal of stains from paper cultural relics based on the electrode system of conductive composite hydrogel and PbO2
- Author
-
Xingtang Liang, Lizhen Zheng, Shirong Li, Xiaoyu Fan, Shukun Shen, and Daodao Hu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Constructing methods for cleaning stains on paper artworks that meet the requirements of preservation of cultural relics are still challenging. In response to this problem, a novel electrochemical cleaning method and the preparation of corresponding electrodes were proposed. For this purpose, the conductive graphene (rGO)/polyacryamide (PAM)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite hydrogel as cathode and PbO2-based material as anode were prepared and characterized. The electrochemical cleaning efficiencies of real sample and mimicking paper artifacts were evaluated, and the effects of the electrochemical cleaning on paper itself were detected. Based on the above experiments, the following results were obtained. The composite hydrogel with attractive mechanical properties is mainly based on the hydrogen bond interactions between PAM chains and MMT. The results of cleaning efficiency revealed that the black mildew stains together with the yellowish foxing stains were almost completely eliminated within 6 min at 8 mA/cm2, and various stains formed by tideline, foxing, organic dyes and drinks could be thoroughly removed at 4 mA/cm2 within 5 min. In addition, the proposed cleaning method has advantages in local selectivity, easy control of cleaning course, and reusability, which represents a potential utility of this approach.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Rapid ILs-polishing Processes Toward Flexible Nanostructured Paper with Dually High Transparency and Haze
- Author
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Yanghao Ou, Jinbo Chen, Pengbo Lu, Fan Cheng, Meiyan Lin, Lingfeng Su, Jun Li, and Detao Liu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Biodegradable highly nanostructured paper has received great interest in past years due to its excellent optical properties which facilitate its wide applications in green flexible electronics and devices. However, energy and/or time-consuming procedure during the process of fabricating most nanostructured transparent paper are presently the main obstacle to their scalable production. In this work, we demonstrated a novel nanostructured paper with dually high transparency (∼91%) and high haze (∼89%) that was directly fabricated from original paper with rapid ILs-polishing processes. The whole fabricating time only requires 10 min. Compared to the previously reported nanopaper made of the isolated cellulose nanofibers by pure mechanical and/or chemical approaches, this work presented herein is devoted to use green ILs to polish directly the micrometer-sized fibrous paper into the nanostructured paper. This new method brings a rapid fabrication of transparent nanostructured paper while also retaining dual intriguing properties both in optical transmittance and haze. This work is capable of fabricating next-generation flexible and highly transparent and haze paper by a high-speed roll-to-roll manufacturing process with a much lower cost.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. Antibacterial cellulose paper made with silver-coated gold nanoparticles
- Author
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Tsung-Ting Tsai, Tse-Hao Huang, Chih-Jung Chang, Natalie Yi-Ju Ho, Yu-Ting Tseng, and Chien-Fu Chen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) immobilized on cellulose paper. Ag NPs are known to have strong antibacterial properties, while Au NPs are biocompatible and relatively simple to prepare. We made the Au-Ag NPs using a facile process called Ag enhancement, in which Au NPs serve as the nuclei for precipitation of a Ag coating, the thickness of which can be easily controlled by varying the ratio of the reactants. After synthesis, electron microscopy showed that the Au-Ag NPs displayed a core-shell structure, and that they could be successfully immobilized onto a cellulose membrane by heat treatment. We then investigated the antibacterial properties of this NP-coated cellulose paper against E. coli JM109. The inhibition rate, growth curve, and AATCC 100 activity test showed that cellulose paper coated with 15 nm Au-Ag NPs possessed excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli JM109. These results suggest that Au-Ag NPs immobilized on cellulose paper could be a valuable antibacterial technology for applications such as food packaging, clothing, wound dressings, and other personal care products.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. High-throughput rapid-prototyping of low-cost paper-based microfluidics
- Author
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Fariba Ghaderinezhad, Reza Amin, Mikail Temirel, Bekir Yenilmez, Adam Wentworth, and Savas Tasoglu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Paper-based micro analytical devices offer significant advantages compared to the conventional microfluidic chips including cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and ease of use while preserving critical features including strong capillary action and biological compatibility. In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive, rapid method for high-throughput fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by patterning hydrophobic barriers using a desktop pen plotter integrated with a custom-made, low-cost paper feeder. We tested various types of commercial permanent markers and compared their water-resistant capabilities for creating hydrophobic barriers. Additionally, we studied the performance of markers with different types of paper, plotting speeds, and pattern dimensions. To verify the effectiveness of the presented fabrication method, colorimetric analysis was performed on the results of a glucose assay.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. Synthesis of porous polymer/tissue paper hybrid membranes for switchable oil/water separation
- Author
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Cong-Xiao Cao, Jiayin Yuan, Jin-Pei Cheng, and Bao-Hang Han
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The unusually broad physical and chemical property window of ionic liquids allows for a wide range of applications, which gives rise to the recent spring-up of ionic liquid-based functional materials. Via solvothermal copolymerization of a monomeric ionic liquid and divinylbenzene in the presence of a tissue paper in autoclave, we fabricated a flexible porous polymer/paper hybrid membrane. The surface areas of the hybrid membranes depend on the weight fraction of the copolymer impregnated inside the tissue paper. The as-prepared hybrid membrane shows controlled surface wettability in terms of ethanol wetting and ethanol removal by harsh drying condition. This unique property provides the hybrid membrane with switchable oil/water separation function, thus of practical values for real life application.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Validation of quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using a fluorescent distance-based paper device for detection of Escherichia coli in urine.
- Author
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Saengsawang, Natkrittaya, Ruang-areerate, Panthita, Kaeothaisong, Nuanlaong, Leelayoova, Saovanee, Mungthin, Mathirut, Juntanawiwat, Piraporn, Hanyanunt, Patomroek, Potisuwan, Patsanun, Kesakomol, Piyanate, Butsararattanagomen, Pornphan, Wichaiwong, Pattarawadee, Dungchai, Wijitar, and Ruang-areerate, Toon
- Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli ,RESOURCE-limited settings ,URINARY tract infections ,HEALTH facilities ,BACTERIAL diseases ,FEMALES - Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes up to 90% of urinary tract infections (UTI) which is more prevalent among females than males. In urine, patients with symptomatic UTI usually have a high concentration of bacterial infection, ≥ 10
5 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL, in which the culture method is regularly the gold standard diagnosis. In this study, a simple and inexpensive distance-based paper device (dPAD) combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay was validated for simultaneously screening and semi-quantifying the infection level of E. coli in 440 urine samples of patients with UTI. The dPAD could measure the LAMP amplicons and semi-quantify the levels of E. coli infection in heavy (≥ 104 CFU/mL), light (≤ 103 CFU/mL) and no infection. The sensitivity and specificity had reliable performances, achieving as high as 100 and 92.7%, respectively. The one step LAMP assay could be performed within 3 h, which was 7.5 times faster than the culture method. To empower early UTI diagnosis and fast treatment, this inexpensive dPAD tool combined with the fluorescent closed tube LAMP assay is simple, reliably fast and practically portable for point-of-care settings, particularly in resource-limited areas, which can be set up in all levels of healthcare facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Effect of modified waste introduction methods over short-term and long-term use of onsite sanitation systems.
- Author
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Astete Vasquez, L. and Mladenov, N.
- Subjects
SANITATION ,ODORS ,POOR communities ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,DISASTER relief ,TOILET paper - Abstract
Insufficiently treated wastes contained within onsite sanitation systems (OSS) commonly used by disadvantaged and developing communities contribute to public and environmental health concerns, calling for practical alternative solutions. At the basic level, an improved understanding of the evolution of chemical and physical constituents under different waste introduction methods and for short-term and long-term operation is needed. While receiving non-dilute waste under mixed, unmixed, toilet paper exclusion, and urine diversion (UD) regimes, self-flushing OSS simulated using anaerobic digesters (ADs) were compared during three operational stages: (1) 0–1 month service for unsheltered encampments; (2) 1–3 month disaster relief scenario; and (3) ≥ 3 months representing refugee camps and long-term household use. Although stratification was found to promote suitable conditions for short-term use of self-flushing toilets, mixing increased beneficial biodegradation of organic constituents. Urine-containing ADs demonstrated a shift from sulfide to ammonia odor accompanied by high pH (> 8) after ~ 240 d. E. coli reduction following elevated nitrogen and dissolved solids levels pointed to decreased pathogen survival in ADs with urine. The benefits of bacterial disinfection, reduction of sulfurous odors, and heightened organics degradation in mixed, urine-containing ADs suggest this format as more desirable for prolonged use of self-flushing OSS over unmixed or urine-diverting formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Superhydrophobic functionalized cellulosic paper by copper hydroxide nanorods for oils purification
- Author
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Jehan El Nady, Ahmed S.F. Belal, Moataz Soliman, Azza Shokry, Shaker Ebrahim, and Marwa Khalil
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Materials science ,Filter paper ,Scanning electron microscope ,Science ,Environmental pollution ,Article ,Solvent ,Contact angle ,Diesel fuel ,Chemical engineering ,Nanoscience and technology ,Medicine ,Nanorod ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Oily water contamination has been sighted as one of the most global environmental pollution. Herein, copper hydroxide nanorods layer was constructed onto cellulosic filter paper surface cured with polydopamine, Ag nanoparticles, and Cu NPs through immersion method. This work has been aimed to produce a superhydrophobic and superoleophilic cellulosic filter paper. The structure, crystalline, and morphological properties of these modified cellulosic filter paper were investigated. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that the modified surface was rougher compared with the pristine surface. The contact angle measurement confirmed the hydrophobic nature of these modified surfaces with a water contact angle of 169.7°. The absorption capacity was 8.2 g/g for diesel oil and the separation efficiency was higher than 99%. It was noted that the flux in the case of low viscosity solvent as n-hexane was 9663.5 Lm−2 h−1, while for the viscous oil as diesel was 1452.7 Lm−2 h−1.
- Published
- 2021
233. Heterogeneous network promotes species coexistence: metapopulation model for rock-paper-scissors game
- Author
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Takashi Nagatani, Genki Ichinose, and Kei-ichi Tainaka
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Understanding mechanisms of biodiversity has been a central question in ecology. The coexistence of three species in rock-paper-scissors (RPS) systems are discussed by many authors; however, the relation between coexistence and network structure is rarely discussed. Here we present a metapopulation model for RPS game. The total population is assumed to consist of three subpopulations (nodes). Each individual migrates by random walk; the destination of migration is randomly determined. From reaction-migration equations, we obtain the population dynamics. It is found that the dynamic highly depends on network structures. When a network is homogeneous, the dynamics are neutrally stable: each node has a periodic solution, and the oscillations synchronize in all nodes. However, when a network is heterogeneous, the dynamics approach stable focus and all nodes reach equilibriums with different densities. Hence, the heterogeneity of the network promotes biodiversity.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. Filter paper supported nZVI for continuous treatment of simulated dyeing wastewater
- Author
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Haifan Yu, Qisong Sun, Pingping Yu, and Bomou Ma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Pollution remediation ,Methyl blue ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,lcsh:Science ,Filtration ,Acrylic acid ,Zerovalent iron ,Multidisciplinary ,Filter paper ,Polyacrylic acid ,lcsh:R ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Nanoparticles ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Methylene blue ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In this study, polyacrylic acid modified filter paper (FP/PAA) was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of acrylic acid, which was used as a matrix to chelate nano-scale zero valent iron (nZVI). The loading content of nZVI in the filter paper reached 24.8%. The fabricated composite FP/PAA/nZVI was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and TGA respectively. Moreover, it was used for the removal of methyl blue and methylene blue as model anionic and cationic dyes. The effect of initial dye concentration on decolorization efficiency was investigated. The results showed that FP/PAA/nZVI enhanced the removal of dye from the simulated dye wastewater and the decolorization efficiency exceeded 95% for the dye solutions lower than 20 mg/L. More importantly, the filter paper supported nZVI realized the continuous treatment of simulated dye wastewater by a simple filtration process. This study hopes to serve as a basis for the application of nZVI in textile wastewater treatment.
- Published
- 2019
235. Freestanding flexible, pure and composite form of reduced graphene oxide paper for ammonia vapor sensing
- Author
-
Ali Alsalme, Ahmad Al-Ghamdi, Ramasamy Jayavel, D. Selvakumar, and H. Sivaram
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Materials science ,Composite number ,Oxide ,lcsh:Medicine ,Synthesis of graphene ,Article ,Metal ,Environmental impact ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ammonia ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Science ,Graphene oxide paper ,Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Humidity ,Ammonia vapor ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Graphene nanocomposites ,Chemical engineering ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,lcsh:Q ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Metal oxides based graphene nanocomposites were used for ammonia vapour sensing. The self-assembly process was adopted to prepare freestanding flexible pure rGO, CeO2-rGO and SnO2-rGO composite papers. The structural studies confirmed the formation of rGO composite papers. The ammonia vapor sensing was demonstrated using an impedance analyzer at different humidity levels as well as concentration. The CeO2-rGO composite paper achieved a sensitivity of 51.70 ± 1.2%, which was higher than that of pure rGO and SnO2-rGO composite paper. Both the surfaces (top and bottom) of the papers are active in efficiently sensing ammonia, which makes the present work unique. The results reveal that metal oxide/rGO papers can be effectively utilized in real time sensor application.
- Published
- 2019
236. Office paper platform for bioelectrochromic detection of electrochemically active bacteria using tungsten trioxide nanoprobes.
- Author
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Marques AC, Santos L, Costa MN, Dantas JM, Duarte P, Gonçalves A, Martins R, Salgueiro CA, and Fortunato E
- Subjects
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Metal Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Microwaves, Colorimetry, Geobacter isolation & purification, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Oxides chemistry, Paper, Tungsten chemistry
- Abstract
Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) have the capability to transfer electrons to cell exterior, a feature that is currently explored for important applications in bioremediation and biotechnology fields. However, the number of isolated and characterized EAB species is still very limited regarding their abundance in nature. Colorimetric detection has emerged recently as an attractive mean for fast identification and characterization of analytes based on the use of electrochromic materials. In this work, WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis and used to impregnate non-treated regular office paper substrates. This allowed the production of a paper-based colorimetric sensor able to detect EAB in a simple, rapid, reliable, inexpensive and eco-friendly method. The developed platform was then tested with Geobacter sulfurreducens, as a proof of concept. G. sulfurreducens cells were detected at latent phase with an RGB ratio of 1.10 ± 0.04, and a response time of two hours.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Facile and highly precise pH-value estimation using common pH paper based on machine learning techniques and supported mobile devices
- Author
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Mohamed M. Elsenety, Mahmoud Basseem I. Mohamed, Mohamed E. Sultan, and Badr A. Elsayed
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Numerous scientific, health care, and industrial applications are showing increasing interest in developing optical pH sensors with low-cost, high precision that cover a wide pH range. Although serious efforts, the development of high accuracy and cost-effectiveness, remains challenging. In this perspective, we present the implementation of the machine learning technique on the common pH paper for precise pH-value estimation. Further, we develop a simple, flexible, and free precise mobile application based on a machine learning algorithm to predict the accurate pH value of a solution using an available commercial pH paper. The common light conditions were studied under different light intensities of 350, 200, and 20 Lux. The models were trained using 2689 experimental values without a special instrument control. The pH range of 1: 14 is covered by an interval of ~ 0.1 pH value. The results show a significant relationship between pH values and both the red color and green color, in contrast to the poor correlation by the blue color. The K Neighbors Regressor model improves linearity and shows a significant coefficient of determination of 0.995 combined with the lowest errors. The free, publicly accessible online and mobile application was developed and enables the highly precise estimation of the pH value as a function of the RGB color code of typical pH paper. Our findings could replace higher expensive pH instruments using handheld pH detection, and an intelligent smartphone system for everyone, even the chef in the kitchen, without the need for additional costly and time-consuming experimental work.
- Published
- 2022
238. Development of ultra-thin radiation-shielding paper through nanofiber modeling of morpho butterfly wing structure
- Author
-
Seon-Chil, Kim and Hongsik, Byun
- Subjects
Radiation Protection ,Multidisciplinary ,Protective Clothing ,Polymers ,Nanofibers ,Humans ,Tungsten - Abstract
In medical institutions, radiation shielding is an effective strategy to protect medical personnel and patients from exposure. Reducing the weight of the shield worn by medical personnel in the radiation generating area plays a key role in improving their productivity and mobility. In this study, a new lightweight radiation shield was developed by electrospinning a polymer-tungsten composite material to produce nanofibers with a multi-layered thin-film structure similar to that of a morpho butterfly wing. The fabricated shield was in the form of 0.1 mm thick flexible shielding paper. The multi-layer structure of the thin shielding paper was obtained through nanofiber pattern formation via electrospinning a dispersion of tungsten particles. At 0.1 mm thickness, the paper’s shielding rate was 64.88% at 60 keV. Furthermore, at 0.3 mm thick and arranged in a laminated structure, the shielding rate was 90.10% and the lead equivalent was 0.296 mmPb. When used as an apron material, the weight can be reduced by 45% compared to existing lead products. In addition, the material is highly processable and can be used to manufacture various flexible products, such as hats, gloves, underwear, and scarves used in medical institutions.
- Published
- 2022
239. Spore-based innovative paper-strip biosensor for the rapid detection of ß-lactam group in milk
- Author
-
Prashant, Goel, Raghu Hirikyathanahalli, Vishweswaraiah, and Naresh, Kumar
- Subjects
Spores ,Milk ,Multidisciplinary ,Lactams ,Animals ,beta-Lactams ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Monobactams - Abstract
The study's goal was to develop a spore-based paper strip biosensor for detecting ß-lactam antibiotics in milk using the enzyme induction principle. A new spore-based paper strip biosensor has been developed after important operating parameters such as spore volume, substrate volume, exposure time and temperature, and incubation time and temperature were optimised. The limit of detection for various ß-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefalexin, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefuroxime, was determined in milk with detection sensitivity of 1 ppb, 2 ppb, 2 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 10 ppb, 20 ppb, 10 ppb 1000 ppb, 10 ppb 300 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. It was also tested with other contaminants such non-ß-lactam antibiotics, pesticides, aflatoxin, heavy metals, and other chemical contaminants, and no interference was found, indicating that the created biosensor had a low rate of false positive and negative results. In comparison to the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test, which identified 7 raw milk and zero pasteurised milk samples positive for ß-lactam antibiotics, the sensor was further analysed and verified using 200 raw milk and 105 pasteurised milk samples. This indicates a perfect match between our biosensor and the AOAC-approved CHARM-ROSA ß-lactam strip test. The developed spore-based paper strip biosensors are expected to be useful in the rapid and cost-effective detection of ß-lactam antibiotic residues in milk samples at the dairy farm, reception dock, and production units, respectively.
- Published
- 2022
240. A fully-automated paper ECG digitisation algorithm using deep learning
- Author
-
Huiyi Wu, Kiran Haresh Kumar Patel, Xinyang Li, Bowen Zhang, Christoforos Galazis, Nikesh Bajaj, Arunashis Sau, Xili Shi, Lin Sun, Yanda Tao, Harith Al-Qaysi, Lawrence Tarusan, Najira Yasmin, Natasha Grewal, Gaurika Kapoor, Jonathan W. Waks, Daniel B. Kramer, Nicholas S. Peters, and Fu Siong Ng
- Subjects
Electrocardiography ,Deep Learning ,Multidisciplinary ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Humans ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Algorithms - Abstract
There is increasing focus on applying deep learning methods to electrocardiograms (ECGs), with recent studies showing that neural networks (NNs) can predict future heart failure or atrial fibrillation from the ECG alone. However, large numbers of ECGs are needed to train NNs, and many ECGs are currently only in paper format, which are not suitable for NN training. We developed a fully-automated online ECG digitisation tool to convert scanned paper ECGs into digital signals. Using automated horizontal and vertical anchor point detection, the algorithm automatically segments the ECG image into separate images for the 12 leads and a dynamical morphological algorithm is then applied to extract the signal of interest. We then validated the performance of the algorithm on 515 digital ECGs, of which 45 were printed, scanned and redigitised. The automated digitisation tool achieved 99.0% correlation between the digitised signals and the ground truth ECG (n = 515 standard 3-by-4 ECGs) after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the performance of average correlation was from 90 to 97% across the leads on all 3-by-4 ECGs. There was a 97% correlation for 12-by-1 and 3-by-1 ECG formats after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the average correlation of some leads in 12-by-1 ECGs was 60–70% and the average correlation of 3-by-1 ECGs achieved 80–90%. ECGs that were printed, scanned, and redigitised, our tool achieved 96% correlation with the original signals. We have developed and validated a fully-automated, user-friendly, online ECG digitisation tool. Unlike other available tools, this does not require any manual segmentation of ECG signals. Our tool can facilitate the rapid and automated digitisation of large repositories of paper ECGs to allow them to be used for deep learning projects.
- Published
- 2022
241. Accelerated nucleophilic substitution reactions of dansyl chloride with aniline under ambient conditions via dual-tip reactive paper spray.
- Author
-
Sarih, Norfatirah Muhamad, Romero-Perez, David, Bastani, Behnam, Rauytanapanit, Monrawat, Boisdon, Cedric, Praneenararat, Thanit, Tajuddin, Hairul Anuar, Abdullah, Zanariah, Badu-Tawiah, Abraham K., and Maher, Simon
- Subjects
MICRODROPLETS ,MASS spectrometry ,DANSYL compounds ,ANILINE ,ACETONITRILE - Abstract
Paper spray ionization (PSI) mass spectrometry (MS) is an emerging tool for ambient reaction monitoring via microdroplet reaction acceleration. PSI-MS was used to accelerate and monitor the time course of the reaction of dansyl chloride with aniline, in acetonitrile, to produce dansyl aniline. Three distinct PSI arrangements were explored in this study representing alternative approaches for sample loading and interaction; conventional single tip as well as two novel setups, a dual-tip and a co-axial arrangement were designed so as to limit any on-paper interaction between reagents. The effect on product abundance was investigated using these different paper configurations as it relates to the time course and distance of microdroplet travel. It was observed that product yield increases at a given distance and then decreases thereafter for all PSI configurations. The fluorescent property of the product (dansyl aniline) was used to visually inspect the reaction progress on the paper substrate during the spraying process. Amongst the variety of sample loading methods the novel dual-tip arrangement showed an increased product yield and microdroplet density, whilst avoiding any on-paper interaction between the reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
242. Trehalose significantly enhances the recovery of serum and serum exosomal miRNA from a paper-based matrix
- Author
-
Shu Hui Neo, Ka Yan Chung, Jia Min Quek, and Heng-Phon Too
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The preservation of nucleic acids from clinical samples is critical to facilitate accurate molecular diagnosis. The use of a paper matrix, Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) Elute cards, to archive DNA and viral RNA is well-documented. However, the feasibility of FTA Elute cards for archiving serum and serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of FTA Elute cards for miRNA storage and recovery in different pre-analytical conditions. The recovery of serum miRNA dry-spotted on FTA Elute cards by direct elution with water at high temperature was poor. However, serum miRNAs dry-spotted on the cards were isolated with about 40% yield when using QIAzol lysis reagent and recovery was improved remarkably (>80%) upon extraction from cards pre-treated with trehalose. miRNAs stored on the cards remained stable at room temperature and can be kept for prolonged periods. Furthermore, miRNAs could be similarly recovered from serum exosomes dry-spotted on the cards. Importantly, when using sera from gastric cancer (GC) patients, the miRNAs were efficiently recovered from trehalose pre-treated cards without affecting their representation. Collectively, we have demonstrated the potential of FTA Elute cards to archive serum and serum exosomal miRNAs, making it useful for biomarker discovery and diagnostics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. In-situ Electrodeposition of Highly Active Silver Catalyst on Carbon Fiber Papers as Binder Free Cathodes for Aluminum-air Battery
- Author
-
Qingshui Hong and Huimin Lu
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Carbon fiber papers supported Ag catalysts (Ag/CFP) with different coverage of electro-active site are prepared by electrochemical deposition and used as binder free cathodes in primary aluminum-air (Al-air) battery. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Diffraction studies are carried out to characterize the as-prepared Ag/CFP air cathodes. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities on these air cathodes in alkaline solutions are systematic studied. A newly designed aluminum-air cell is used to further determine the cathodes performance under real operation condition and during the test, the Ag/CFP electrodes show outstanding catalytic activity for ORR in concentrated alkaline electrolyte, and no obvious activity degradation is observed after long-time discharge. The electrochemical test results display the dependence of coverage of the electro-active Ag on the catalytic performance of the air cathodes. The resulting primary Al-air battery made from the best-performing cathode shows an impressive discharge peak power density, outperforming that of using commercial nano-manganese catalyst air electrodes.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Gold nanozyme-based paper chip for colorimetric detection of mercury ions
- Author
-
Kwi Nam Han, Jong-Soon Choi, and Joseph Kwon
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract In this study, we developed a facile gold nanozyme-based paper chip (AuNZ-PAD) for Hg2+ detection. This device has the advantages of being simple, rapid, cost effective, sensitive, selective, high throughput, and applicable to onsite detection. The colorimetric mercury assay on the AuNZ-PAD is established based on the enzyme-like catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles promoted by the formation of Au–Hg amalgam, which is correlated to the intensity of the colorimetric response resulting from the catalytic reaction of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2. Highly sensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ ions is achieved in both distilled and tap water samples, indicating the feasibility and applicability of our device for the determination of mercury pollution in real samples. Moreover, AuNZ-PAD analysis using a smartphone camera eliminates the need for expensive analytical equipment, thereby increasing the practicality of field monitoring of trace Hg2+ compared with other sensing methods.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. High-performance paper-based biocathode fabricated by screen-printing an improved mesoporous carbon ink and by oriented immobilization of bilirubin oxidase.
- Author
-
Loew N, Shitanda I, Goto H, Watanabe H, Mikawa T, Tsujimura S, and Itagaki M
- Subjects
- Bilirubin, Electrodes, Enzymes, Immobilized, Glucose, Ink, Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors, Bioelectric Energy Sources, Carbon
- Abstract
In this study, the performance of a paper-based, screen-printed biofuel cell with mesoporous MgO-templated carbon (MgOC) electrodes was improved in two steps. First, a small amount of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the MgOC ink. Next, the cathode was modified with bilirubin prior to immobilizing the bilirubin oxidase (BOD). The CMC increased the accessibility of the mesopores of the MgOC, and subsequently, the performance of both the bioanode and biocathode. CMC also likely increased the stability of the electrodes. The pre-modification with bilirubin improved the orientation of the BOD, which facilitated direct electron transfer. With these two steps, an open circuit potential of 0.65 V, a maximal current density of 1.94 mA cm
-2 , and a maximal power density of 465 μW cm-2 was achieved with lactate oxidase as bioanode enzyme and lactate as fuel. This is one of the highest reported performances for a biofuel cell., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. Near-digital amplification in paper improves sensitivity and speed in biplexed reactions.
- Author
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Shah KG, Kumar S, and Yager P
- Subjects
- DNA, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Plastics, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Nucleic Acids
- Abstract
The simplest point-of-care assays are usually paper and plastic devices that detect proteins or nucleic acids at low cost and minimal user steps, albeit with poor limits of detection. Digital assays improve limits of detection and analyte quantification by splitting a sample across many wells (or droplets), preventing diffusion, and performing analyte amplification and detection in multiple small wells. However, truly digital nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) require costly consumable cartridges that are precisely manufactured, aligned, and operated to enable low detection limits. In this study, we demonstrate how to implement near-digital NAATs in low-cost porous media while approaching the low limits of detection of digital assays. The near-digital NAAT was enabled by a paper membrane containing lyophilized amplification reagents that automatically, passively meters and distributes a sample over a wide area. Performing a NAAT in the paper membrane while allowing diffusion captures many of the benefits of digital NAATs if the pad is imaged at a high spatial resolution during amplification. We show that the near-digital NAAT is compatible with a low-cost paper and plastic disposable cartridge coupled to a 2-layer rigid printed circuit board heater (the MD NAAT platform). We also demonstrate compatibility with biplexing and imaging with mobile phones with different camera sensors. We show that the near-digital NAAT increased signal-to-noise ratios by ~ 10×, improved limits of detection from above 10
3 copies of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genomic DNA to between 100 and 316 copies in a biplexed reaction containing 105 copies of co-amplifying internal amplification control DNA, and reduced time-to-result from 45 min of amplification to 15-20 min for the positive samples., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Distance-based paper device using combined SYBR safe and gold nanoparticle probe LAMP assay to detect Leishmania among patients with HIV.
- Author
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Ruang-Areerate T, Saengsawang N, Ruang-Areerate P, Ratnarathorn N, Thita T, Leelayoova S, Siripattanapipong S, Choowongkomon K, and Dungchai W
- Subjects
- Gold, Humans, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Sensitivity and Specificity, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis, Metal Nanoparticles
- Abstract
Asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis cases increase continuously, particularly among patients with HIV who are at risk to develop further symptoms of leishmaniasis. A simple, sensitive and reliable diagnosis is crucially needed due to risk populations mostly residing in rural communities with limited resources of laboratory equipment. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective determination of Leishmania among asymptomatic patients with Leishmania/HIV co-infection was achieved to simultaneously interpret and semi-quantify using colorimetric precipitates (gold-nanoparticle probe; AuNP-probe) and fluorescence (SYBR safe dye and distance-based paper device; dPAD) in one-step loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. The sensitivities and specificities of 3 detection methods were equivalent and had reliable performances achieving as high as 95.5%. Detection limits were 10
2 parasites/mL (0.0147 ng/µL) which were 10 times more sensitive than other related studies. To empower leishmaniasis surveillance as well as prevention and control, this dPAD combined with SYBR safe and gold nanoparticle probe LAMP assay is reliably fast, simple, inexpensive and practical for field diagnostics to point-of-care settings in resource-limited areas which can be set up in all levels of healthcare facilities, especially in low to middle income countries., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Assessment of creatinine concentration in whole blood spheroids using paper spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
- Author
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Sham TT, Badu-Tawiah AK, McWilliam SJ, and Maher S
- Subjects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Chromatography, Liquid methods, Creatinine, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods
- Abstract
Accurate quantification of blood creatinine is important to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. Existing techniques using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have a high accuracy and eliminate most interferences encountered in routine enzymatic and Jaffé methods. However, they require laborious and time-consuming sample treatment and data acquisition. The aim of this study is to develop a fast and simple method to enable a direct analysis of whole blood creatinine with performance measures that are comparable to conventional LC-MS/MS. 5μL whole blood is formed as a three-dimensional spheroid on hydrophobic silanized paper substrates which then undergoes paper-spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (PSI-MS/MS). The method is validated using real human samples and compared with LC-MS/MS. PSI-MS/MS whole blood analysis exhibited a lower limit of quantification of 2.5 μg/mL, precision ≤ 6.3%, recovery in the range of 88-94% and excellent linearity (R
2 > 0.99; 2.5-20 μg/mL) covering the normal range for creatinine levels. Creatinine levels were comparable to those measured by LC-MS/MS with small deviations of less than 0.3 μg/mL. This simple, fast and accurate microsampling technique for direct analysis of creatinine from whole blood shows promise for routine clinical screening and monitoring. This approach can be readily extended for other analytes of interest and, due to inherent advantages relating to cost, storability, speed, and simplicity, it can be especially advantageous for use in resource-limited settings., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Interpersonal neural synchrony when predicting others' actions during a game of rock-paper-scissors.
- Author
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Kayhan E, Nguyen T, Matthes D, Langeloh M, Michel C, Jiang J, and Hoehl S
- Subjects
- Brain physiology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Brain Mapping methods, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared methods
- Abstract
As members of a social species, we spend most of our time interacting with others. In interactions, we tend to mutually align our behavior and brain responses to communicate more effectively. In a semi-computerized version of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game, we investigated whether people show enhanced interpersonal neural synchronization when making explicit predictions about others' actions. Across four experimental conditions, we measured the dynamic brain activity using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning method. Results showed that interpersonal neural synchrony was enhanced when participants played the game together as they would do in real life in comparison to when they played the game on their own. We found no evidence of increased neural synchrony when participants made explicit predictions about others' actions. Hence, neural synchrony may depend on mutual natural interaction rather than an explicit prediction strategy. This study is important, as it examines one of the presumed functions of neural synchronization namely facilitating predictions., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Nepotistic colony fission in dense colony aggregations of an Australian paper wasp.
- Author
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Tsuchida K, Ishiguro N, Saito-Morooka F, Kojima JI, and Spradbery P
- Subjects
- Animals, Australia, Female, Humans, Insecta, Male, Reproduction, Sex Ratio, Ants, Wasps
- Abstract
Social insects are highly diverse in their social structures, aside from the consistent presence of reproductive castes. Among social insects, the Australian paper wasp Ropalidia plebeiana constructs extremely dense colony aggregations consisting of hundreds of colonies within a few square meters; however, little is known about the aggregation structures. We genetically analyzed the colony and population structure of R. plebeiana, and concomitant variations in colony sex ratios. In spring, the foundress (candidate queen) group started their colonies on a single old comb from the previous season, subsequently dividing these old combs via relatedness-based comb-cutting. Female philopatry, a prerequisite condition of Local Resource Competition (LRC), was confirmed. The colony sex ratio of reproductive individuals (male and female offspring for the next generation) became slightly male-biased in larger colonies, as predicted under LRC. However, the number of foundresses was positively associated with the number of reproductive individuals, suggesting that Local Resource Enhancement (LRE) also operates. Although the population structure appears to meet the prerequisites of LRC, the sex ratio appears to be modulated by factors other than LRC. Rather, through LRE, the availability of female helpers at the founding stage is likely to mitigate the sex ratios predicted under LRC., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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