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Introduction: Resin Composite has been widely used for its restorative properties. However, when exposed to water, the resin material undergoes different chemical and physical mechanisms, such as water sorption and solubility. These effects can produce volumetric and physical changes, altering the material's characteristics. Objective: To discuss the clinical consequences of the sorption and solubility phenomena in composite resin. Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed using scientific articles published in recent years on electronic databases such as PubMED/Medline, Lilacs, and Scielo. Results and Discussion: Resin composites are not stable, as they constantly interact with the oral environment. Their main interaction is with water, which diffuses into the matrix. Resin Composites that contain, in addition to BIS-GMA, a high concentration of TEGDMA, tend to absorb more water due to the hydrophilic ether bonds present in these composites. Thus, a series of deleterious effects can occur. Conclusion: Volumetric expansion, leaching, hydrolytic degradation, and color instability are the main consequences of Resin Composite sorption and solubility. These phenomena cause dimensional changes and a decrease in mechanical properties, which have a major impact on the longevity of Resin Composite restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The change in tooth color is one of the main aspects that corroborate the disharmony of the smile. In situations of non-vital teeth that suffer from darkening, internal tooth whitening has been considered a conservative treatment option and can be carried out through different techniques (mediate, immediate, and mixed). In any of these techniques, it is necessary to make a cervical tampon before the application of the bleaching agent. Objective: To review the literature regarding internal whitening, the main techniques used in this process, the importance of the cervical plug for the prevention of damage to the tooth, and the execution of safe and effective treatment. Methodology: A search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO, analyzing publications from 2010 to 2020. Results: The mediated technique consists of one of the most used and indicated; the immediate, in the thermocatalytic configuration, has fallen in disuse due to the contraindication of the use of heat. The mixed technique, which is the combination of the two others, can potentiate the whitening result. In all of them, a cervical plug is necessary to avoid the extravasation of the whitening material by the dentinal tubules, preventing external cervical resorption, which is the main risk of internal whitening. Conclusion: Literature suggests all three techniques can be performed if correctly executed, following measures such as the non-application of heat and the execution of the buffer, adapting to the needs of the patient to choose the most suitable technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With the advancement of dentistry and dental materials, composite resins have been widely used in different varieties of restorations, whether direct or indirect, due to their aesthetic properties. However, some calculated factors contribute to the failure of composite resins over time, including wear. Objective: This literature review aims to discuss the main wear factors of composite resin and its consequences. Methodology: This is a review of narrative literature carried out through a bibliographic survey of 53 scientific articles published between 2010 and 2021. The following national and international electronic databases were used: PubMed, SciELO, and Academic Google. Results: Loss of gloss, staining, marginal infiltration, recurrent caries, and wear (adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and corrosive wear) are the main factors that contribute to the failure of composite resins over time. Conclusion: The wear mechanisms are of a physical and/or chemical nature: adhesive wear, friction wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear, and corrosive wear, as well as finishing and polishing procedures, and parafunctional habits imply the gradual loss of the composite resin and, consequently, generate biofilm accumulation, gradual impairment of function and esthetics, reduction in hardness, and resistance to flexion, which together result in a decrease in the clinical durability of the restorations, generating the need for restoration and/or replacement over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental tissues are an accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells that can be useful for the treatment of various clinical diseases. Thus, the interest and the need to ensure an efficient way to preserve stem cells of dental origin for future applications led to the development of cryopreservation methods, a technique by which low temperatures are applied to reverse, in a reversible and controlled manner, biological functions of living cells and tissues. Objective: To perform a literature review about the cryopreservation of stem cells of dental origin, emphasizing characteristics, principles, existing protocols, and effects of this method on the biological properties of these cells. Methodology: This study consisted of a literature review based on information from 54 scientific articles published between 2005 and 2019 and consulted in online databases (PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar), using the following descriptors: Cryopreservation, Dental stem cells, and Dental cryopreservation. Results: Stem cells of dental origin seem to maintain their biological characteristics, such as viability rate, cell proliferation, and ample capacity for differentiation even after cryopreservation. Also, magnetic cryopreservation presents itself as a promising protocol for the conservation of dental stem cells. Conclusion: Cryopreservation is an effective technique for the long-term storage of stem cells derived from dental tissues. However, additional studies should be carried out to develop more standardized and safer cryopreservation protocols that do not affect the biological properties of dental stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sealants are considered a minimally invasive therapeutic option in the treatment of carious lesions limited to the outer half of the dentin. In this technique, the decayed tissue is kept covered with a sealant, promoting the paralysis of the lesion. Objective: to analyze the use of sealants in the treatment of caries lesions, their effectiveness, what type of material is most ideal for this purpose and observe whether this therapy is the most suitable for treating carious lesions already cavitated. Methods: a literature review was carried out through scientific articles published in the last five years (2015-2020) submitted to electronic databases, such as PubMED /Medline, Lilacs and BBO. Results and discussion: the use of sealants, in the past, was only aimed at prevention; however there was a progression in this understanding, being used in the treatment of carious lesions that present occlusal microcavities of up to three millimeters of surface integrity loss. In this research, all the studies described stated that this technique is effective in paralyzing the carious process, being indicated, mainly, for children, because it reduces the clinical time and generates less anxiety. Regarding the type of sealant most suitable for this purpose, the scientific evidence is still inconclusive. Conclusion: the use of sealants is an efficient method to interrupt the carious lesion; however, it depends on the adequate retention of the material and on the patient's collaboration in continuing the follow-up by the professional. In addition, it is necessary to carry out more careful studies that compare the types of sealants and indicate the most appropriate option to obtain the best sealing of cavitated lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This work aims to review literature concerning different techniques by which dental whitening procedure is performed in the dental office to contribute to an update in the knowledge of professionals. Materials and Methods: To compose the work, a bibliographic search of both national and international studies published in recent years was carried out based on data published on PubMED, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used: Dental Whitening, Dental Office, Methods, Protocols. Results: Studies show that in-office tooth whitening produces satisfactory results when bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are used at high temperatures. The application of the gel whitener in the office can be performed with a single, uninterrupted application, for the time recommended by the manufacturer, allowing the professional to save time with the whitening procedure. In addition, a low percentage of tooth sensitivity was noticed after bleaching performed in the office. When reviewing some associated studies of tooth whitening using light to produce a better white tooth result, it was observed that the application of light to increase the reaction speed of the bleaching agents only showed to decrease the clinical time of the procedure. Conclusion: Dental whitening performed in the office is a common practice for dentists. However, it is important to update techniques and protocols used in the search for improvements in the procedure, offering greater comfort and better quality in the aesthetics of the teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Periodontal pathologies are infectious-inflammatory and have a high prevalence worldwide. Recently, dental tissue engineering has increasingly attracted attention in the research field since periodontal tissue engineering applied to stem cells is a promising technique for the regeneration of periodontal loss tissues. Objective: The study aimed to carry out a literature review on the possibilities of using stem cells in the regeneration of periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in two online databases respected for the production of health knowledge: PubMed - US National Library of Medicine and CAPES Periodicals, limiting the search for the period from 2005 to 2019. Results: The discovery of stem cells in dental tissues, such as periodontal ligament, dental pulp, and dental follicle highlighted the possibilities of developing therapies based on tissue engineering technology to promote the recovery of the periodontal. Conclusion: The studies cited proved the safety and viability of stem cells from in vitro tests followed by in vivo tests. Also, future possibilities for clinical use are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) consists of a set of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint complex, the musculature and the adjacent bone components. Its etiology includes multiple biological, environmental, emotional, social and cognitive triggers. Objective: This study aimed to perform a literature review on diagnostic methods encompassing a biopsychosocial view of TMD. Materials and Methods: This study is a bibliographic search conducted in a respected online research base to produce health knowledge: PubMed - US National Library of Medicine, limiting the search to the period from 2005 to 2019. Results: Due to etiological diversity and varied clinical characteristics, individualized biopsychosocial analysis associated with imaging exams is a relevant tool for the diagnosis of this disorder. Conclusion: A diagnostic approach based on a biopsychosocial disease model is essential to assess the patient in all their physical, psychological and social completeness with the purpose of planning preventive and therapeutic interventions tailored to each case. clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An aesthetic restorative procedure requires predictability as to its result. In this sense, new techniques and computerized instruments are being developed, which help to plan and allow both the clinician and the patient, even in the stages that precede the restorative treatment, a clearer perception of the procedure that will be performed. Objectives: to better understand the importance of the use of the mockup and digital planning through the Digital Smile Design (DSD) program, in order to achieve a harmonious and predictable smile, highlighting aspects such as the implementation of the techniques, the materials used, as well as indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A bibliographic survey was carried out, with a search of the main PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the descriptors Smile (“Smile”); Planning (“Planning”); Aesthetic (“Aesthetic”) and Design (“Design”), obtaining articles of research, review, and also, case reports, that fit the inclusion criteria previously established. Results: The importance of DSD and mockup in the search for results that are increasingly satisfactory and in line with the expectations of the patients has become clear, allowing the clinician greater predictability during the elaboration of his treatments; reducing the number of adjustments intra-oral and unnecessary wear and tear; favoring a better communication between the team and patients. Conclusion: Both DSD and mockup are considered indispensable tools for current dentistry that has been requiring the dental surgeon to work more and more thoroughly and perfectionist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: implantodontia has become a reality thanks to the longevity of the treatments and the functional results obtained. However, certain clinical situations were difficult to apply due to the limitations of certain components, sometimes aesthetic, sometimes mechanical. Objective: to evaluate, through a literature review, the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, and applicability between the main types of intermediaries for cemented prostheses using a screw, in fixed and partial implants on implants. Methods: a systematized literature review was performed in the electronic databases, Bireme, Pubmed, Medline, and in the capes portal. Conclusion: selection of prosthetic components is a prerequisite for successful oral rehabilitation and is closely linked to the prosthetic modality to be used in oral implant restorations. Therefore, for an adequate selection, it is important to know not only the different options of components available in the market, but also to be familiar with the patient's clinical picture, in order to obtain favorable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: With improvements in ceramic systems and resin cements, it is possible to create restorations with optical properties similar to natural teeth. An example of this advancement has been the improvement in the use of ceramic laminates, which are a more conservative rehabilitation alternative than full crown restorations and high quality results can be obtained. Objective: This work aims to perform a literature review on ceramic laminates, making a discursive analysis with emphasis on the rehabilitation technique and its clinical correlations. Materials and Methods: This study was characterized by a bibliographic search in the electronic databases: PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, and Science Direct, limiting the search to the period from 2009 to 2018. 150 papers were consulted and 32 of these were selected after careful filtering. As inclusion criteria, articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese were adopted, those that fit the work focus and the most relevant in terms of the design of the desired information. Results: Aesthetic rehabilitations with ceramic laminates should be planned correctly, since clinical step-by-step interferes with the longevity of the treatment. Therefore, it is extremely important that the dental surgeon be aware of the correct indication of the ceramics, dental preparation, molding and cementation in order to achieve aesthetic, functional and durable rehabilitation. Conclusion: Therefore, ceramic laminates may be a conservative alternative for restoring the shape and color of the anterior teeth. However, it depends on a meticulous protocol that must be followed to the letter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Every day, dentistry demonstrates great advances in techniques and materials applied to preserve the tooth structure. In this sense, fiberglass posts (FGPs) attract attention as an alternative to intraradicular posts for the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with structural losses greater than 50%. Objective: Review the literature on aesthetic fiberglass posts, emphasizing their general aspects, properties, and biomechanical considerations. Material and Methods: A literature review of studies published in the last 21 years (2000-2021) through a search on the databases: PubMED / Medline, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Academic. The following descriptors were used: Tooth, Nonvital, Dental Pins, and Post and Core Technique. After careful filtering, 30 articles were selected for inclusion in the study, in addition to 10 books considered relevant to this review. Results: The FGPs demonstrate excellent aesthetic properties, easiness of execution and low cost, biocompatibility with dental and periradicular tissues, in addition to advantageous biomechanical characteristics, which result in the transmission of less stress to the tooth structure, reducing the probability of fractures. Conclusion: The numerous advantages and excellent biomechanical behavior of these pins explain their prominence concerning other intraradicular retainers, which, when properly indicated, are the first option for the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with extensive coronary loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the lip lift consists of surgically removing a portion of the upper lip when it is characterized as long, flat, with no definition of the filter columns, and with a reduction in the vermilion border, which happens in parallel with advancing age. Therefore, surgeons have created several techniques to provide the patient with a younger and more attractive lip. Objectives: explain the dimensions and characteristics of the lips, the indications for lip lifting, and some surgical techniques. Method: a survey was carried out in the scientific literature on the PubMed/Medline databases. The inclusion criterion adopted was articles with the full text of the study and clarity in the methodological details used. Also, a book was added to complement necessary information. The descriptors to select articles were lip lifting, lip morphology, and ideal lips. Results: aged lips tend to lose their sensuality with the lengthening of the white lip, the loss of definitions, thinning of the red lip, and the appearance of wrinkles, which demand searches for techniques that help soften these conditions and improve the patient's self-esteem. Conclusion: to achieve satisfactory results with this technique, the professional needs to master the knowledge about the dimensions of the lower third of the face according to age, sex, and race. Also, the professional needs to master the most effective surgical techniques and the indications according to the patient's individuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tooth whitening is one of the most widely performed aesthetic procedures in the world. To ensure its stability and longevity, many authors advocate establishing a white diet during and right after treatment. Objective: To carry out a bibliographic review about the influence of dye ingestion related to the teeth color stability during and after tooth whitening. Material and Methods: A literature review of the studies published in the last 16 years (2003-2019) was carried out by a search on the databases: PubMed / Medline, Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. For the search, the following descriptors were used: tooth whitening, tooth staining, and dye diet. After careful filtering, 27 articles and 1 book were selected to be included in the study. Results: The white diet is often indicated during and shortly after whitening treatment due to the susceptibility of staining the tooth structure caused by the superficial and transient demineralization of the whitening gels, which makes the pigments from the diet easily incorporated into the tooth structure. Conclusion: There is no sufficient evidence in the literature to indicate that dye ingestion during and after whitening treatment compromise the color stability of the tooth structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The removal of pulp tissue followed by the restoration of the root canal with inert synthetic material is usually a routine procedure in clinical practice for endodontic therapy; however, these materials do not replace the biological function, the vitality, and mechanical properties of the original tissue. In this context, the possibility of inducing the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex by using stem cells of dental origin has been increasingly studied, and the expectation is to generate the return of the pulp vitality and its repair capacity. Objective: To carry out a literature review to investigate the triad comprised by stem cells, growth factors, and framework to analyze its applicability in endodontic regeneration. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review of studies published in the last 5 years (2015-2020) was carried out by searching the databases: PubMed / Medline. he following descriptors were used: Stem cells, Endodontics, and Endodontic regeneration. After a careful filtering, 25 articles were selected. Literature review: Research involving tissue engineering with the use of stem cells has supported regenerative therapy of dental tissues, such as the dentin-pulp complex. For the complete structural and functional restoration of the tooth, a set of elements are needed: stem cells; growth/differentiation factors or cytokines; migration/homing factors, and the microenvironment: scaffold and extracellular matrix. Conclusion: The regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex through tissue engineering based on growth factors and frameworks is a promising approach to replace damaged dental structures and restore their biological functions. However, since it is a new approach, studies on this subject are still incipient and more scientific basis is necessary to prove its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental pigmentation is caused by several factors that affect the patient's aesthetics and self-esteem. The search for an aesthetically perfect smile has led to a greater demand for bleaching procedures, in which different techniques, types, and concentrations of bleaching agents can be used to do an effective treatment. Objective: to verify, through a literature review, the application, permission, and effects related to different home tooth whitening protocols. Methodology: A literature review was carried out by searching the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, using the following descriptors: "tooth whitening" OR "supervised tooth whitening" AND "clinical protocol". Only experimental studies, which were published in the last five years, were included. There were no language restrictions. Results: Hydrogen peroxide (PH) and carbamide peroxide (PC) are efficient when administered in 4% to 16% with applications that can vary from 7 to 14 days. The PH application time is 1 to 4 hours and the PC is 4 to 8 hours. Gels with smaller concentrations cause less tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation; however, the treatment time is usually prolonged. Conclusion: A correct diagnosis is indispensable for an effective treatment since the type of pigment greatly affects the protocol to be used. Therefore, it is essential to know the etiology of the stain to define the type of gel, its concentration, time, and method of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The stem cells present in the dental pulp are undifferentiated cells with unlimited capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, representing a high potential for use in regenerative medicine Objective: Conduct a literature review on stem cells derived from dental pulp, emphasizing their differentiation, proliferation, and chemical mediators mechanisms involved in these processes. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review of studies published in the last 20 years (2000-2020), carried out by a search on the databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library), and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used for the research: stem cells, dental pulp, and tissue engineering. After careful filtering, 38 articles were selected for inclusion in the study. Results: The dental pulp stem cells demonstrate differentiation capacity in the mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal strains and express a genetic pattern similar to bone marrow stem cells. Conclusion: Dental pulp stem cells have a high potential for proliferation and capacity that originates from different cell lines of differentiation. The key to the application of these cells in these therapies is to know the expression of the molecules used in these processes. Further studies are needed so that the mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation are fully elucidated and used safely in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: currently, composite resin is the dominant dental material in the restorative dentistry scenario, due to its conservative treatment, low cost and excellent esthetics. However, its clinical performance depends on a delicate execution technique and several factors that are related to the success and longevity of the restorative treatment. Objective: to discuss the main causes responsible for the various types of failures and defects that result in the replacement or repair of the restoration with direct composite resin. Methodology: literature review through bibliographic search in the electronic databases PubMed / Medline, Scielo and Scopus, through the selection of relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020. Results: there are several factors that interfere in the longevity and durability of restoration with composite resin: the technique of the dental surgeon, the material used, the clinical conditions and even the behavior and response of the patient himself. Conclusion: as there are many causes that contribute to the replacement and / or repair of the restoration, it is essential to understand the relationship between what was performed and the reason for the failure, so that the life expectancy of the restoration is satisfactory, both for the patient and professional, further studies related to the theme are essential in order to improve its application in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pathogenic action of bacteria, which are prevalent in the oral environment, favors the inflammatory, infectious and / or purulent processes in the dental and periodontal tissues, especially when the first care is neglected. Objective: The study aimed to carefully analyze, through a literature review, purulent infectious processes, such as: gingival abscess, pericoronary abscess, periodontal abscess, periapical abscess, Ludwig's Angina, facial cellulitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis, which affect the maxillary facial spaces. Material and Methods: a literature review was carried out through a bibliographic search in the following online research bases: PUBMED / MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO and SCIENCE DIRECT by tracking relevant articles, published between 2010 and 2020. Results: The purulent infectious processes of dental and periodontal origin represent urgencies and emergencies in the orofacial and cervical region, which are a result from bacterial activity within the root canal or the tissues that surround and support the tooth; therefore, causing discomfort and malaise to patients. Conclusion: It is important to know the patient's etiopathogenesis and physiological events to draw an individualized treatment plan to prevent the progression of the installed disease, prevent dental emergencies, and evaluate the correct management of antibiotics to avoid misuse and bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to discuss the diagnosis and therapeutic management in cases of endodontic urgency in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Material and Methods: a bibliographic review of studies published in the last 5 years (2015-2020) was carried out by searching the databases: PubMED, BVS (Virtual Health Library) and Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library). For the research, the following descriptors were used: Irreversible Pulpitis, Treatment, Pain and Endodontics. Results: The diagnosis is a fundamental step in the treatment of urgencies and emergencies of endodontic origin, as it is from the correct diagnosis that the correct treatment will be instituted, reestablishing the patient's comfort. When the professional has enough time to remove the pulp tissue and prepare the root canal, this is the treatment of choice for cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, which can be performed in a single session or in multiple sessions. When the professional does not have enough time to carry out the conventional endodontic treatment, the treatment option is to perform only emergency care to remove the patient from the present acute pain condition, and at a future time to carry out the complete endodontic treatment. Conclusion: Endodontic emergencies are always present in dental offices, professionals must always be prepared to carry out a correct diagnosis and treatment for each case, thus bringing comfort to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently the aesthetic appeal for harmonizing the smile makes individuals motivate themselves to treat dental diastemas, especially in the anterior region; where there are several options for therapeutic intervention to correct the problem. Objective: To carry out a literature review about the possible therapeutic forms for the treatment of diastemas. Methodology: The literature review through bibliographic search in the online research bases: PubMED, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Academic, through the screening of relevant articles published between 2000 and 2019. Results: The dental diastema has a multifactorial etiology, where the main causes are often due to microdontia, poor insertion of the lip brake, and parafunctional habits. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of the causal factor of the diastema must be investigated correctly so that the best planning for its treatment is made, thus preventing recurrences. In view of this, there are several therapeutic forms in the literature for rehabilitation, the most used by means of the direct restorative technique with composite resin, however cases are reported where there is the presence of large diastemas making the association of the direct restorative technique with orthodontic motivation, and in addition to these, there are cases in which it is necessary to make the correction of the lip brake to start the rehabilitation of the treatment for the correction of the diastemas. Conclusion: Based on the literature, the various therapeutic possibilities prove to be quite effective for the solution of dental diastemas, however, it is necessary for the dental sugeon make the correct diagnosis to apply the best therapeutic option, ensuring greater safety in the result of closing the diastema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducion: Microabrasion provides the removal of stains and irregularities on the surface of the enamel by associating the erosive action of acids, such as phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid, and the abrasive action of substances such as pumice (silicon carbide) by smearing. Objective: This study aims to evaluate, by way of a literature review, the efficacy and applicability of this method in clinical treatment, analyzing the potential of resolution according to studies that support its efficiency. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted in the databases Bireme, Pubmed and Google Scholar, covering research articles and case reports from 2013 to 2018, using the descriptors: Dental Enamel, Enamel microabrasion, Dental Fluorosis, Amelogenesis imperfecta. Conclusion: It was verified that the microabrasion of the dental enamel is an effective alternative in the treatment of localized chromatic alterations in the superficial layer of the enamel considering that, besides being a conservative method, it promotes satisfactory results immediately after its application. However, for the treatment of alterations of greater depth, it may be necessary to associate the microabrasion technique with other aesthetic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: dental procedures are consistently reported as potentially anxious situations. In this context, it is necessary to study both the impact of fear and anxiety in Dentistry, and to understand the importance of the dental surgeon in being qualified about the knowledge of psychopathology. Objective: this study aims to discuss how these emotions affect clinical behavior, discuss the main causes of this aversion and correlate Dentistry and Psychology as a way of acquiring knowledge. Materials and Methods: we conducted a survey in the scientific literature, using review articles found in PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria: full text and that approached the subject in question, period of publication and methodological detail. The descriptors used were dental anxiety, dentalfear. Results: according to the measurements, the female sex, in the majority of studies, reveals itself as more likely to trigger fear and anxiety in dental treatment. The present study also observed that anxious individuals tend to present a greater time interval since the last consultation: the same happens with individuals who avoid treatment due to fear. It is worth mentioning that some of the researches used the VPT test (come Picture test) and Corah scale. Conclusion: aversion to clinical procedures is a recognized theme in the dentalfield. Therefore, the professional must acquire theoretical andpractical knowledge in the field of Psychology, in order to obtain strategies of behavioral management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the use of ceramic for aesthetic restorations in dental clinics becomes routine. Its clinical application are due to the presence of several desirable properties of form similar to the natural teeth. Objective: synthesize information from scientific bases that discuss the use of dental ceramics emphasizing their properties, indications, classifications and clinical correlations. Materials and methods: In order to prepare this research, a bibliographic survey was carried out in which 60 papers were consulted and of these 20 were selected after a careful filtering. As inclusion criteria, articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese were adopted, those that fit the work focus, which were in the period from 2011 to 2017 and the most relevant ones in terms of the design of the desired information. Results: Dental ceramics, due to their clinical improvement, are increasingly being requested in dental offices. This is possible due to some characteristics, such as tooth resemblance, chemical stability, coefficient of linear thermal expansion close to tooth structure, biological compatibility, as well as greater resistance to compression and abrasion. Conclusion: the longevity of the porcelain laminate depends on the careful selection of cases, the meticulous preparation of the teeth, laboratory steps and adhesive protocols. As well, it depends on factors, ranging from physical properties of the material itself to clinical procedures. Understanding the influence of these factors on ceramic longevity can be very complex due to the innumerable variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: products of calcium hydroxide are largely used in a variety of dental clinical condiition due to its physical and mechanical properties and its low cost as well as its rationelle. In this contexto, it representes a material close to the ideal. Objective: to describe the concepts, fundamentals and clinical application of Calcium Hydroxide and MTA, through a review of the literature. Materials and Methods: a review of the literature was carried out by means of bibliographic search in the following online databases: Lilacs, Scielo, PubMED/Medline and Bireme, using the descriptors: calcium hydroxide; Calcium hydroxide and MTA, and MTA, tracking relevant articles published between the period 2010-2015. Results and Discussion: materials based on calcium hydroxide, are biocompatible and exhibit antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, stimulating properties of the formation of sclerosed dentin, of mineralized bone tissue, besides protecting the pulp against thermoelectric and toxic stimuli from some restorative materials, thus maintaining pulp integrity. They are widely used for: pulp protection, pulpotomies, prosthetic cementation, cavity lining, apicification and in cases of root resorption. The forms of presentation of such materials may be products in the form of powder, or in the form of pastes, either self-activating or photoactivated. The Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has many properties that coincide with calcium hydroxide, but one of its main disadvantages is its high cost, which makes the routine in the clinic unfeasible. This material is presented in the form of powder and liquid, which is Composed only of distilled water. Conclusion: in view of the various product options present in the market, the professional is advised to choose the best material for each case, including following appropriate protocols during the application of the materials to achieve satisfactory clinical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fiberglass posts (FPs) are presented as a practical and economical alternative capable of rehabilitating endodontically treated teeth with 50% structural losses greater than 50%. Objective: To review the literature on the clinical protocol for the use of FPs, as well as explain the different techniques that can be used. Materials and methods: A literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2021 was carried out through a search on the Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library) and Google Scholar databases. The following descriptors were used for the research: Non-Vital Tooth, Dental Pins, and Technique for Intraradicular Retainer (Post and Core Technique). After careful screening, we selected 24 papers and 10 books, considered relevant for this review. Results: During planning, it is necessary to determine specific factors for clinical success, such as the amount of remaining tooth structure, the tooth position and the occlusal forces received, and restorative and esthetic needs required by the case and the patient. Given each case's particularities, the clinician must select among the most ideal techniques: the direct FP technique/conventional technique; the Anatomical fiberglass post technique, and the direct technique with FP associated with accessory posts. Conclusion: The FP technique has simplified clinical steps and its correct performance is successful in the treatment. Faced with situations in which the FP does not present adequate adaptation, the clinician must not use the conventional technique, using techniques for personalizing the FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Caries disease has a multifactorial etiology and can affect the entire tooth structure. In deep cavities, expectant treatment can avoid damage to the pulp. In early lesions, the ART technique is an acceptable alternative. Objective: To discuss indications, contraindications, techniques, and clinical relevance of the expectant treatment (conventional and modified) and the ART technique in the treatment of carious lesions. Methods: A literature review of scientific articles (published in PubMED/Medline and Scielo databases, between 2009 and 2020) and books considered relevant to this study. Results: In the expectant treatment, carious dentin is removed in two stages: a superficial removal of the carious lesion at the first visit, and a final removal after different time intervals. However, some authors argue that it is not necessary to perform the second step. Just lower the glass-ionomer cements and then perform the definitive restoration, a technique known as modified expectant treatment, is necessary. Regarding the ART technique, the management of the lesion is conducted with the least possible intervention, using only manual instruments. It is reliable and well accepted especially in the Pediatric Dentistry clinic. Both culminate in favorable therapeutic results. Conclusion: Initially, the dentist must always carry out a thorough diagnosis of caries lesions aiming at the maximum prevention of the dental structure. You should opt for conventional restorative treatment only when other methods are no longer sufficient to stop the progression of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The correct diagnosis of dental caries is fundamental for the establishment of its treatment. It can be carried out by different methods and the most common is through visual inspection and radiographic examination. Objective: to discuss, based on a literature review, the clinical and radiographic diagnosis of caries disease and its importance in establishing the correct treatment for this disease. Materials and methods: a literature review was carried out on the electronic databases: PubMed, BVS and Scielo, by a search of relevant articles published from January 2015 to June 2020. Also, 2 books and 1 PhD thesis were included in the selected bibliography, since they bring relevant considerations on the subject studied. Results: In the visual inspection, the presentation of the dental surface is very important in determining the activity of the caries lesion, the aspect, the brightness, and the coloring of the dental surface must be considered for such determination. Radiography is a complement used to assist in diagnosis by providing more visibility and detection of carious lesions, allowing a better visualization of proximal surfaces in posterior teeth, helping in the diagnosis of lesions on these surfaces. Conclusion: The correct diagnosis requires a lot of knowledge from the examiner because opaque stains present in the enamel are not always carious lesions and can reflect a loss of mineral in the structure of this tissue that has developed for different causes, whether pre- or post-eruptive. Early and accurate diagnosis of tooth decay is essential, as this disease is still the main cause of tooth loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus includes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or its action. It is a pathology of importance for the systemic and general health of patients, and it should be especially considered in dental planning and treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to address DM, supporting etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects, as well as its complications, which may occur during dental treatment. Methods: This study was characterized by a bibliographic search in the electronic databases PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Scopus, limited to the period from 2005 to 2020. The descriptors used were diabetes mellitus, dental care, and oral manifestations. Results obtained: DM consists of a group of metabolic diseases characterized by an excessive increase in serum glucose. There are three types of diabetes: type 1 (approximately 5% of cases), type 2 (90-95% of cases) and gestational. The diabetic patient may more frequently present some oral manifestations such as periodontal diseases, halitosis, salivary dysfunctions, fungal infections, and bacterial infections. In addition, during dental care it may be necessary to make some adjustments to the clinical protocols used in these patients. Conclusion: It is important to encourage patients with DM to regularly visit the dental surgeon (DS), so that they are guided and receive instructions on oral health and its relationship with systemic diseases. In some cases, referral to medical care may be necessary before treatment begins, except in cases of dental urgency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of botulinum toxin by dentists, in their patients, increased in recent times. It's a diverse treatment, it can be used both in esthetic or therapeutic purpose. In previous studies, botulinum toxin has been used successfully in the treatment of several pathological pains, including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. To discuss botulinum toxin use as a treatment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, also review some studies and application techniques. This paper is a review of a recent articlein temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction treatment using botulinum toxin. The bibliographic research was done in January, 2019, in the last five years, through the online data bases PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo. The key words used in the search were "treatment" and "Botulinum toxin" and "dysfunction" and "temporomandibular ". Overall of 136 items were found. In the PubMED/Medline was found 118 papers and of those were selected only the available in Full text. After a careful selection on the papers about the subject, and limiting the search between the period from 1976 to 2019, 58 papers were chosen. In the other hand, on Lilacs, 12 papers were found, of which only 6 corresponded to the subject, and on the Scielo were found 6 papers in which 5 were duplicated and 1 did not agree to the subject. Even if other traditional solutions exists, the research shows that botulinum toxin is a viable, safe and effective treatment for many facial and oral musculature dysfunctions, mainly in refractory cases to conventional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankyloglossia is a congenital anomaly involving morphofunctional changes in the lingual frenulum and which may be linked to genetic conditions; presenting more frequently in males; it is characterized by limiting lingual movements, which can contribute to the dysfunction of the stomatognathic system, triggering losses in breastfeeding and compromising the craniofacial development of the newborn. Objective: The divergent opinions found promote a picture of uncertainty in the choice of the evaluation protocol or intervention, thus driving the realization of this article. This article aimed to review the literature in order to develop knowledge in the assessment protocols for the diagnosis of ankyloglossia, similarly to verify the interferences conditioned by this anomaly in the stomatognathic system and to observe the forms of treatment for release of the lingual frenulum. Materials and Methods: A literature review of previous studies with access made possible by PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus; the criterion for newly published articles in the 2015-2019 range was established. Conclusion: Thus, the absence of a gold-standard identification method reveals the need for further studies on a more effective protocol for diagnosing and classifying this anomaly, as a more accurate method will avoid inappropriate interventions, and will promote the basic knowledge for carrying out the appropriate treatment for each ankyloglossia picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adhesion of the composite resin to the dentin occurs by the formation of the hybrid layer. Thus, its degradation causes loss of union resistance on interface resin / dentin interface, directly influencing the longevity of the restoration. After the acid etching and the application of the adhesive system into demineralized dentin, collagen fibers not involved by adhesive system get unprotected and susceptibles to attack by metalloproteinases (MMPs). The enzymes, present in the dentin itself, are rehabilitated by phosphoric acid or by the acids monomers of the self-etching adhesives initiating degradation. The application of chlorhexidine (CHX) in the dentin, after acid conditioning, prevents or slows down the degradation of the collagen fibers of the hybrid layer. This literature review sought to clarify the effect of MMPs on the degradation of the hybrid layer and the effects of chlorhexidine on the adhesion process. It was concluded that the adhesive bonding to dentin decreases with the passage of years due in part to the action of MMPs, which degrade collagen not infiltrated by adhesive monomers in the deepest part of the hybrid layer. In addition, the use of chlorhexidine as a therapeutic inhibitor in conventional adhesive systems is capable of inhibiting the MMPs and thus the adhesive bonding to the dentin can be kept stable for a longer period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In dentistry, occlusion is the relationship of the upper teeth located in the maxilla with the lower teeth located in the mandible when they are in normal and physiological activity, without causing discomforts and pain to the patient during chewing. Conversely, we have a pathological or adaptive alteration that damages the periodontium due to excessive forces resulting in occlusal trauma. Objectives: This paper aims to synthesize scientifically based information that addresses occlusal trauma in order to highlight the importance of knowledge about its etiology, diagnosis and possible treatments for this pathology. Methods: A literature review systematized in the electronic databases, Pubmed and Medline, was limited to the search for the period from 2011 to 2018. Conclusion: Given the information presented, the dental surgeon must be able to obtain the correct diagnosis of dental trauma. Thus, a careful analysis made from complementary tests is indispensable to be successful in the final diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: coronary fractures of anterior teeth are frequently observed in both children and adolescents because the position of these elements in the oral cavity is quite vulnerable. Because of that, the collage of fragments appears as a viable alternative of repair of the dental elements once they have suffered some type of trauma. Objective: this study aims to present, through a bibliographic review, the fundamentals, advantages, disadvantages and applications of this surgical technique. Materials and Methods: we conducted a survey in the scientific literature, using review articles found in PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases. Articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria: availability of the full text of the study and clarity in the methodological detail used. The descriptors used were "tooth fragment" and "reattachment". Results: fragment collage can be applied to vital and non-vital teeth, depending on the size of the fracture, periodontal conditions, the biological width of the invasion, among other factors. It is a simpler procedure and has a higher durability than composite resin restorations. On the other hand, if the fragment is not well hydrated, color changes may occur, in addition to the possibility of fragment displacement. Conclusion: due to the advances and improvements of this technique, dental bonding fragments is an excellent clinical option for the functional and esthetic reestablishment of the compromised dental structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: adhesive systems are dental materials that allow adhesion to dental substrates with satisfactory mechanical properties. With the evolution of adhesive systems, they sought to provide more simplified materials with low sensitivity to the technique. Thus, universal adhesive systems were introduced in clinical practice. Objective: to review the literature about universal adhesive systems, emphasizing its clinical protocols and evaluation of union strength in enamel and dentin in an attempt to better understand the use of this material. Methods: this study was characterized by a bibliographic search in electronic data bases: PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and academic Google, limiting the search to the period from 2010 to 2018. Results: among the functional monomers contained in the universal adhesive systems, the literature indicates that 10-MDP has a stability in terms of longevity and durability greater than 4-META and Phenyl-P. Conclusion: universal adhesives provide versatility of use, good bonding strength to the dental substrates, a reduction in the chances of making mistakes during the application of the material, facilitating their use, since they can be used associated or not to phosphoric acid. However, it's necessary to pay attention to contraindications, such as incompatibility with other materials, should be emphasized so that clinical failure of the procedure does not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Universal adhesive systems (UAS) were introduced in clinical practice in mid-2011, due to the need for more simplified materials and with low sensitivity to the technique. Such adhesives can be used in three ways: self-etching, total acid conditioning and selective acid conditioning in enamel. Objective: in this context, the objective of this work was to review the literature about universal adhesive systems, emphasizing its clinical protocols and evaluation of union strength in enamel and dentin. Materials and Methods: this study was characterized by a bibliographic search in electronic data bases: PubMED / Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and academic Google, limiting the search to the period from 2010 to 2018. Results: universal adhesive systems used in the enamel self-etching mode do not obtain satisfactory bond strength, therefore, when dental enamel is involved, selective conditioning must be done to obtain higher bond strength values. Conclusion: universal adhesives provide a good bond strength to the dental substrates, as well as reducing the chances of making mistakes during the application of the material, facilitating the use, since it can be used associated or not with phosphoric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: currently, both in the literary and in the practical context, there are many procedures and tests used to establish the diagnosis of the pulp condition of the teeth. These diagnostic methods are of fundamental importance for the knowledge of the pulp condition. To do so, the patient must undergo approaches such as anamnesis, physical and complementary exams. Objective: the present work aimed to discuss the methods used to arrive at a correct pulpal diagnosis, aiming at an appropriate treatment. Method: a bibliographic search was carried out in the main electronic databases online, through the search of articles related to the proposed theme, published between 2002 and 2018. The descriptors used to select the articles were: Endodontics; Diagnosis; Test; Anamnesis; Pulpit. In this way, the works that obeyed the inclusion criteria were selected. Conclusion: the tests are subdivided into tests of cold, heat, cavity, anesthesia, among others. Such tests, together with the analysis of the signs and symptoms presented by the patient, allow us to reach a conclusion on the state in which the pulp is found, that is, whether it is pathological or not, which will lead us to decide whether to submit it, or not to certain types of treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: through the introduction of the CAD-CAM system, the prosthesis molding system has been simplified, which has a margin of error because it contains variables to be controlled in relation to materials and their manipulation. Objective: this article addresses the development of the CAD-CAM system, as well as the engineering, programs and guidelines of its operation in the manufacture of dental prostheses. Methods: this study was characterized by a scientific and bibliographic research in the platforms indexed in PubMED / Medline, Lilacs and Scielo databases, including original and review articles. The following descriptors were used: CAD-CAM system, CAD-CAM technology in prosthesis development, CAD-CAM system. Results: CAD-CAM technology has emerged to facilitate planning, design and production of various projects. When introduced to dentistry brought a landmark that revolutionized the way to make restorations, including prosthetics. Being developed by several companies, it is available in different systems which, however, are summarized in the same operation: digitization, designer and machining, in which the image is obtained through a scan, manipulate that image in a software and finally, this image in a real object, such as: crowns, bridges, facets, inlays, onlays and laminates. Conclusion: since this technology has brought improvement to the prosthetic dentistry, in the esthetics, resistance and durability of the restoration produced, improves the quality of oral health offered to the patient and facilities the work of the dentist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: implantology has established itself as a reality thanks to the longevity of the treatments and the functional results obtained. However, certain clinical situations made it difficult to apply due to the limitations of certain components, sometimes aesthetic, sometimes mechanical. Objective: to evaluate the indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages and applicability between the main types of intermediate screw bolts using two screws, in fixed and partial implants on implants. Methods: a systematized literature review was performed in the electronic databases, Bireme, Pubmed, Medline, and in the capes portal. Conclusion: the selection of prosthetic components is a prerequisite for the success of oral rehabilitation, and is closely related to the prosthetic modality to be used in oral implant restorations. Therefore, for an adequate selection, it is important to know not only the different options of components available in the market, but also to be familiar with the clinical picture of the patient, in order to obtain favorable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the disturbances in the development of dental structures can be hereditary, congenital or acquired. Such changes can affect both the shape, size, number, position, constitution and \ or function of the teeth, so it is of utmost importance the role of the dentist in the diagnosis and treatment. Objective: this study aims to discuss the dental anomalies of development, addressing the changes in the number, size, shape and structure of the teeth, emphasizing the importance of dental surgeons to meet these anomalies, learn to identify them and establish the best treatment. Method: it was conducted a systematic review of literature in electronic databases: PubMed / Medline, Lilacs, Capes-Journal Portal, Scielo, Bireme, Scopus and specific books on the subject of research. Conclusion: dental developmental changes are usually presented to the dental surgeon due to aesthetic dissatisfaction or findings in routine consultation, so it is up to the professional to know how to diagnose, and to draw the most adequate treatment plan for each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: in order to achieve a perfect harmony in the shape and colors of the teeth, the dentistry has developed several alternatives for the improvement of dental aesthetics, and for the treatment of chromatic alterations, the most commonly used procedure is tooth whitening. Objective: to carry out a literature review about the possible side effects of dental bleaching techniques and how to minimize them. Material and Methods: a review of the literature was carried out through a bibliographic search in the following online databases: PubMED, Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and Scopus, through the screening of relevant articles published between 2010 and 2016. Results: among the side effects of tooth whitening, sensitivity during and after bleaching has been one of the most commonly reported adverse effects in the literature, a fact that may be a result of increased permeability of the enamel, with a possible diffusion of the peroxide to the pulp. The most effective treatments for sensitivity control are: 5% potassium nitrate, 2% neutral sodium fluoride, laser therapy and the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatories. The bleaching gel should be removed completely at the end of bleaching, but if any amount is left behind, the patient may eventually swallow, which may lead to irritation in the gastrointestinal mucosa, so it is important to avoid excess product And applications, with the careful removal of excess, to avoid its ingestion and contact with soft tissues. Conclusion: regardless of the technique of whitening to be used, it is necessary the supervision and follow-up of a dental surgeon, because with his careful diagnosis and appropriate treatment, satisfactory results will be achieved and the side effects avoided and/or minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: a complication inherent in all composite resins is the stress generated by the polymerization contraction. The present composite resins, after polymerization, lose between 2% and 3% of their entire volume. This loss can lead to strongly compromising micro and macroscopic changes. Objective: to address the importance of using technical and clinical maneuvers, which aim to reduce polymerization shrinkage of composite resins, reducing its effects in the cavity, in order to have a restorative procedure with high clinical success rate and good patient acceptance. Material and Methods: a review of the literature through a literature search in the following search online databases was performed: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO and SCIENCE DIRECT, through the screening of relevant articles published between 2000 to 2015. Results: comparing both activation of composites, the dental composites have a lower flow and higher stress of contraction compared to composites with chemical activation, this is the due to photoactivation that stands out for being a quick reaction when compared to other methods, not providing time for the resin to settle in well and have a good interaction with the previously applied adhesive system, leading to much of the clinical problems of restorations. Conclusion: questions about the effects of polymerization shrinkage have not been fully elucidated in the scientific community, so some techniques such as the choice of curing lights to LED, the pre gel phase maintenance, maintenance of Factor C and incremental insertion technique can It is used to minimize the effects of this contraction in restorations made with resin in order to reduce failures as post-operative sensitivity, microleakage and pulp assault risks leading to increased longevity of restorative procedures with resinous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the final step in a restoration is finishing and polishing. To polish a surface, to some extent, is to scratch out a surface till is appears smooth from the macroscopic point of view. Making it smoother we increase the comfort of the patient and diminish the plaque occurrence. Objective: this study consists of a systematic literature review, which aims to discuss and clarify how it should be done finishing and polishing of direct amalgam restorations and composite resin, so that it is highlighted the importance of his achievement. Material and Methods: a systematic review of the literature through a literature search in the following search online databases was performed: PubMed / MEDLINE, LILACS, BBO and SCIENCE DIRECT, limiting the search to the period from 2006 to 2014. Results: treatment and restorative technique of teeth affected by caries and fractures has been the subject of scientific study in recent years, aiming to improve the aesthetics, durability, physical and mechanical properties of restorative materials and the search for a more conservative treatment. In general finishing and polishing have as functions to regulate and correct the existing defects that were obtained during the making of a restoration in addition to leaving the perfectly smooth surfaces without the presence of macroscopic irregularities. Conclusion: knowledge of techniques and materials currently available by the dentists enables the use of appropriate clinical procedures, safe and effectively. Polishing produces a very smooth, highly reflective, without visible scratches, simulating the dental tissues. The dentist must respect the rule that all restoration will be considered complete when properly finished and polished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]