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Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista NERA is the property of Revista NERA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The city can be understood as a space where capitalist and patriarchal logics are materialized, engendering symbolic barriers and socio-spatial segregation. Within this context, this paper addresses territoriality of the LGBTIQ+ population at the urban scale It is part of a broader reflection within an ongoing Master's dissertation. The research aims to identify these Territories through clipping of journalistic news and to gather them in a cartography. Finally, this paper was produced as an effort to continue researches that give voice to a population that is often disrespected, forgotten, brutalized, killed, and erased by our society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implantation of eucalyptus monocultures for the production of cellulose and paper, seen by the elite as development, promoted impacts in the Espírito Santo/Brazil, mainly in the northern and central region of the state, in several dimensions. Among them, the concentration of land and production, the reduced generation of jobs, mainly in the field, the indiscriminate use of water and the blocks to land reform in the region. While were built territories of such large projects, the population, forest and other resources of nature underwent a process of exploitation, dispossession and extermination, turning a diversified Atlantic Forest in vast areas of pastures and eucalyptus monocultures plantations, which we called Green Desert. The progress of eucalyptus monoculture territorialization occurred simultaneously with the dispossession of the peasantry. The popular agrarian reform does not only counteract this monocultures project, but as a project of the peasants, is presented as one of the pillars for a new territory and a new society. Trough bibliographic research, result of Master's thesis, this paper presents and confronts divergent models of development and its implications for society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the territorialization of industrial poultry farming and the changes in the work of the poultry activity and the integration program of the agribusiness Nutriza Agroindustrial de Alimentos SA/Friato Alimentos, in Pires do Rio (GO). The study shows the reorganization of space from the implementation of the aforementioned agroindustry and the integration system as a lever for this production process, incorporated into new technologies and the reorganization of work. The new configurations of productive restructuring in poultry farming in the town were discussed, as well as the producer and agribusiness relations and the possibilities of restructuring this program for the integration of poultry producers. The methodological path of the research is qualitative, consisting of the following steps: theoretical, documental, and field research. Semi-structured interviews were carried out for data collection. The illustrations used in this paper were: photos and maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural adjustment programs, implemented in different developing countries, have had impacts of different orders and magnitudes. This paper analyzes, in an exploratory way, the effects of neoliberal economic policy on rice production in Haiti from the 1980s. To this end, in addition to a bibliographical review, data and information were collected on the websites of different organizations and research institutes. The results indicate that, as a result of the neoliberal economic policy implemented in Haiti, there was a drastic reduction in tariffs for purchasing imported rice, and currently the cereal enters the country without any customs duties. The massive entry of foreign rice, especially North American, has had a negative impact on national production, which is practically paralyzed in the face of the continuous and growing entry of imported cereal, which reaches the local consumer cheaper. This is a complex and dramatic process, given that the Haitian population, which has been facing a serious situation of food insecurity, has the supply of its main food product increasingly dependent on imports, which are controlled by a few transnational corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Green Grant Program (Programa Bolsa Verde - PBV) sought to encourage citizenship, ecosystem conservation, and better living conditions for people living in conservation units, rural settlements, and traditional communities. Despite its benefits, it was suspended by the Michel Temer government in 2017. This paper aimed to find the immediate socio-environmental consequences of interrupting the PBV in rural settlements in the municipality of Inácio Martins in Paraná. The methodology comprised observations, interviews, and a qualitative approach to compose an agrarian diagnosis triangulating three constructs: landscape analysis, history analysis, and socioeconomic analysis. The history analysis showed that human behavior usually follows the actions adopted by the community. The socioeconomic analysis found that securing a fast land rent was the decisive point in choosing the land use and cover change. The landscape analysis indicated that extractivist practices existed in the three communities. However, with the inclusion of the PBV in 2011, this reality changed and the forests began to recover. With its disruption, the acceleration of land clearing was once again noticeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present a categorization of autonomies implemented by indigenous and peasant movements in Latin America into three types: a) juridical versus de facto autonomies; b) explicit versus implicit autonomies; and c) (mono)ethnic versus popular or class-based autonomies. We argue that the debate concerning these different conceptions is of strategic importance both in the dialogue between indigenous and peasant struggles for the defense of territories, and in the question of peasant autonomy, understood as a strategy of struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2007, there has been a significant increase in eucalyptus planting in the eastern region of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Eucalyptus planting takes the place of extensive livestock farming by the leasing or purchasing of land from farmers in the region. The "green desert" is growing to the point of having a direct impact on the social and spatial organization of the two main rural communities in the region, Arapuá and Garcias, which were established with the families of rural workers on cattle farms and on the settlers of the districts. With the territorialization of the eucalyptus-pulp-paper complex in the region, there has been a major rural exodus, impacting the social and cultural characteristics that made the communities' identity, generating a notable environmental imbalance. This paper proposes to understand these changes, based on the reading made by the residents themselves regarding the arrival of eucalyptus and on how these transformations in land use and capitalist appropriation of the territory changed the territorial identity of these rural communities. The study is based on the theoretical and methodological approach of social geography, which considers the subject at the center of territorial productions. Therefore, qualitative research methodologies are used, based on semi-structured interviews, to identify the extent of the changes that have occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we seek to describe a series of short food marketing circuits with local markets in the district of Quilmes (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina), particularly those that incorporate consumption nodes. Our aim is to identify, characterise and analyse the functioning of these experiences within the framework of the Social, Solidarity and Popular Economy. To this end, we first describe the methodology employed - which is mainly based on certain ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions of the interpretative paradigm - as well as the spatio-temporal context of the research. Then, resorting to the notion of geographical space and network, we describe the main characteristics of these circuits involving the distribution of food of agricultural origin. Subsequently, we carry out a more detailed analysis of some of the dimensions involved in local markets organised around consumption nodes. Finally, we offer some reflections by way of conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the Territorial Zoning for Sugarcane in the State of São Paulo (ZTC), which is a counter-proposal to the Agro-environmental Zoning of the Sugar-Alcohol Sector (ZAA). The paper is based on the hypothesis that, since the existence of rural settlements and family agriculture were not considered in ZAA's formulation, the official zonings only serves as an instrument to legitimize the territorial expansion of sugarcane cultivation and agrobusiness to the detriment of family agriculture. At the elaboration of ZTC, in addition to data on edaphoclimatic characteristics and environmental restriction, which are also used by ZAA, we have added data referring to rural settlements and family agriculture territories, that is, to elaborate the ZTC, we considered the existence of multiple territories and the existence of the Agrarian Issue. Lastly, using ZAA and ZTC, we analyzed the expansion of the sugarcane cultivated area in the State of São Paulo from 2003 to 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States of America (USA) has been the world’s largest producer of ethanol since the late 2000s. In fact, the cultivation and production of corn, the main raw material for North American ethanol, has grown substantially. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationships established between the ethanol industry and agriculture in Western Kansas, a rural region in the United States Midwest, in the context of the expansion of ethanol production in Western São Paulo. The methodological procedures adopted were based on bibliographic research, survey and analysis of secondary data and field research, with recognition of the area and interviews held with key people linked to companies that produce grain and ethanol, public officials, extension workers, and farmers. It was found that the production of ethanol in Western Kansas is a complementary activity to grain production and cattle confinement, which featured the characteristics of agriculture and regional economy. Nevertheless, the productive arrangement in which ethanol production is inserted is based on the cultivation of grain, particularly irrigated corn, and is part of a highly intensive agricultural system, which has resulted, over the past 70 years, in a sharp decline in underground water reserves and, consequently, irrigated agriculture. This framework contradicts the narratives of environmental benefits associated with agrofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the peasant logic, part of the settlers in the Andradina Region produce beyond their needs; consequently, they transform part of the production into merchandise, in order to buy what they do not produce. By guaranteeing, through their daily struggle, the social existence in the land of work, the settled peasants generate virtuous dynamics, with the supply of food and the circulation of income on the local scale being all too significant. In this context, the paper analyzes the results of the implementation of rural settlements, either by the demand for goods and services, or by the participation and changes in local power relations. In the light of the theoretical framework, which understands the existence of the Brazilian agrarian question and considers the peasantry as a social class, the investigation was carried out in the methodological path of dialogue with theory, articulating it with data obtained in the countryside and in the city; oral sources and in loco information have guided the analysis of the development of rural settlements beyond the countryside. Therefore, the impulse given by the settlers to the demands for agricultural products, goods and services, and others, is evidence of the benefits that the democratization of land brings to the city as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to expose the forces of structural transformation unleashed in the process of extractive capitalist development in Brazil and the rise of right-wing populism in the form of Jair Bolsonaro. The methodology employed might be described as a the political economy of capitalist development. It is employed within the framework of historical materialism and a Marxist theory of capitalist development. Within this framework it is argued that Bolsonaro's populist and right-wing regime, and his environmentally destructive extractivist regime, represented an attack on the working class and a fundamental assault on the territorial rights of the country's indigenous peoples as well as more broadly the rights of nature, with particular reference here to the Amazon as one of the world's greatest repositories of resources needed for confronting the global environmental crisis. The interlude of the short-lived Bolsonara regime is used to draw out the implications of the global rise of populism and authoritarianism in the early 21st century in the context of a multidimensional social and environmental crisis on a global scale. Under Bolsonaro's policies Brazil was very much part of the problem, whereas Brazil could be an important part of the solution. Whether Lula's policies will take us there is an open question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about the ProSAVANA Program, a trilateral cooperation project between Japan, Brazil and, Mozambique. ProSAVANA Program goal is to develop the agriculture sector in the Nacala Corridor and it has been controversial due to conflicts among government, private corporations, and civil society organizations. Private investments were expected to occur in the Nacala Corridor, mainly from Brazilian agribusiness. However, the paper concluded that Brazilian private investments in Mozambique's agriculture sector were a stagnant state in the analyzed period (2007-2017). The paper examines the status of the ProSAVANA Program and what are the difficulties to Brazilian agribusiness invest to Mozambique. Current challenges of the program were found as follows: (1) high risk of investment due to non-existent public subsidies to small, medium and large-scale agribusiness; (2) "land property" law bureaucracy; and (3) civil society mobilization against ProSAVANA. All they are key factors to repel Brazilian agribusinesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the various appropriations of the term agroecology, which, according to the bibliography, emerged in the 1930s in the context of agronomic studies on the optimization of agricultural production. In the 1960s, after the critique of the modernization of agriculture and its devastating effects, the meaning of agroecology shifted to insurgent spatial practices. A quantitative-qualitative analysis of the current use of the term in Brazilian academic journals of different scientific disciplines shows that the main focus is technical-environmental, thus revealing an understanding of a debilitated and depoliticized agroecology that allows the notion to be used in the opposite sense defended by social movements: the affirmation of a "sustainable green revolution" through the certification of Agribusiness 4.0, as it is being discussed at the international level, in the face of the dramatic rates of deforestation in the Amazon, represents an example of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was done for a post-doc, where the main objective was to make a quantitative research concerning the agrarian violence within Brazil. Afterwards, the author got to the point that a field research was a necessary step with interviews with the main actors in this scenario, in one side the large landholders, and in the other the peasants. In the middle were the authorities. The interviews seem to be very relevant to the author comprehension of the agrarian violence and helped to tell this story to the readers in a better way than previously thought. It's essential to visit the most violent area within Brazil, south and southeast regions of Pará state in loco. A great finding was that during the democratic regime (since 1985-) more peasants were killed as result of agrarian confrontations (about 1,500 fatal victims) than in the military period. Because of the space limitations of this present report/field work, only the main parts of the interviews and the author's comments were preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will make a brief historical recap on the social movements of rural women workers and analyze the implications of the pandemic of COVID-19 in the lives of these women to finally discuss the forms of resistance used by this group to deal with the adversities of the current moment. The work, of qualitative approach, is anchored in the literature review and bibliographic research, in the appreciation of a report on the theme, as well as in the analysis of the reports of rural women captured during the field research conducted in the countryside of Alagoas and Pernambuco through the use of instant messaging applications, such as WhatsApp and Instagram Direct, individually and asynchronously. From the analyzed material, it was found that the pandemic environment has intensified the increase in domestic violence, increased the difficulties of access to public policies and caused an overload of domestic and care work, all in a scenario marked by the decrease in family income. On the other hand, it was possible to observe how women have been organizing themselves locally, often through the use of technology, managing to find means of resistance, such as the adoption of solidarity actions and the creation of support networks in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated in an emerging body on Brazilian development cooperation, looking at the specific case of cooperation concerning agricultural development in Africa. The analysis highlights the discursive side of Brazilian cooperation, where competing narratives about models and purposes construct different versions of reality for reasons related to the political character of cooperation. Discourse is hence an expression of the political. This paper frames Brazil's agricultural cooperation as a domain of priests, technicians and traders, driven, respectively, by doctrinal, technical fixing and business rationales. This provides an initial frame of reference to distil actors' narratives about Brazilian cooperation programmes. The paper focuses on two cooperation programmes in Mozambique: ProSAVANA and More Food International. The key for understanding competing narratives on these programmes and how they intermingle and change over time can be found in Brazil's domestic sphere. The two programmes have been interpreted as an expression of contradictions in Brazil's agriculture and particularly its dualistic character, typically framed as family farming versus agribusiness. Through the lenses of discourse analysis, this paper offers a critical reading of the interplay between priests, technicians and traders, as shaped by different interests and points of view in cooperation relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper aims to contribute to the theoretical discussion of class disputes in the stage of restructuring of capital of agribusiness. In this respect, this paper it provides a proposal for conceptualizing the territorial mobility of the labour for peasants, rural workers and traditional communities. In the first part presents a theoretical review of the theory of the territories, including two forms of territorialization presents in the exploitation of the labour force, the first one such as an expression of the offer the labour in the labour market, and the second one in the immobility, which is extracted the capitalized rent of land. The second part has focused in the analysis of the internal migrations such as a dispute topic in the field of modern theories of the development. In that sense, the material expressions of labour mobility are analysed, highlighting the typical rural-urban displacement, in addition to the rural-rural and urban-rural migration, which have intensified in recent decades by the advance of agribusiness, the mining and tourism, as well as the land struggles carried out by social movements. The final discussion of the territorial mobility provides a framework both theoretical and empirical, to strengthen the debate of the dialectic of capital/labour in the XXI century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss the recent transformations of the expansion of eucalyptus silviculture on the productive structure of small rural property in the northern municipalities of the Imperatriz microregion, in the state of Maranhão. Such cut includes the municipalities of Açailândia, Itinga do Maranhão, João Lisboa and São Francisco do Brejão. The changes in land use in these municipalities are discussed, generated by the transition to eucalyptus cultivation and the consequent specialization of production in small territories to meet the stage of production of raw material in the paper and cellulose production chain in the state. Methodologically, in addition to field visits, interviews, photographic and cartographic production, secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Brazilian Tree Industry and the management plans of National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform. The results obtained indicate that the rapid expansion of eucalyptus silviculture has promoted, in addition to land concentration, a decrease in the production of traditional self-consumption crops in these municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the construction of peasant territorial resistance in Brazil, as well as their potential. Peasant territorial resistances are actions based on peasant territories, temporalities and territorialities. These are actions, struggles, agendas, practices, movements, techniques and socio-territorial technologies that aim to guarantee greater autonomy to the peasantry in food production, freeing them partially or totally from the shackles of capital. Understanding the dimensions, scales and characteristics of peasant territorial resistance in Brazil, especially those generated within the scope of socioterritorial movements, in an agrarian context that increasingly expropriates, marginalizes and subordinates the peasantry, is the contribution of this work to geographic agrarian and related areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reflection on the performance of the peasant youth of the Roseli Nunes Settlement, Mirassol D'Oeste, MT, who works in an agroecological production group. The objective was to analyze how the peasant youth articulates to remain in the countryside, through a portion of the youth from the settlement, taking advantage of the income derived from agroecological production. The development of the methodology occurred through field research. These groups of young people work in the agroecological perspective, with the necessary autonomy to organize themselves in their territories on a daily basis, monitoring and improving all stages, from planting to the commercialization of what the settlers are able to produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a debate on the agrarian issue in Alagoas, based on a case study with families camped along the banks of the BR-104, between the cities of União dos Palmares and Murici. This is the result of a research carried out through the Scientific Research Initiation Program - PIBIC, from the State University of Alagoas, with funding from the Research Support Foundation of the State of Alagoas - FAPEAL. The study was carried out under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Reinaldo Sousa, coordinator of the Territorial Studies Group - GETERRI. The method option, understood here as a particular way of seeing reality, was historical-dialectical materialism. While by methodology, we opted for a bibliographic research accompanied by fieldwork. The geographical category used in our work was the territory. And, finally, the results pointed to a great social vulnerability of the subjects involved in the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the agrarian issue in the historical context of private property laws in Brazil, in an overview of some aspects that relate it to the National Agrarian Reform Policy (PNRA). As a methodology, it appropriates the meaning of the permanence of the agrarian question in the present time and, from it, makes a brief historical survey of the legislation related to private property in Brazil, reaching the present day. Therefore, it is based on the use of the peasantry concept, relating it to the study of the problems linked to the concentration of land and its consequences for the development of the productive forces. It is observed, from this study, that the concentration of land in Brazil coexists, side by side, with the concept of private property, being both constituted in historical constructions of wide scope, being the same worked ideologically for centuries and that nowadays have repercussions in the sense of hindering the practical application of the concept of the social function of the land, for the fact of this function not being absorbed by the Brazilian ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the demeanor of the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (Pronaf, in Portuguese) in Southeast Pará and its implications on the Assentamento 26 de Março, located in the municipality of Marabá. These questions guided us: does Pronaf strengthen its audience at the local level? If so, how does it happen? If not, what are the implications of its demeanor at the local level and the possible paths? We based on data from the Matriz de Referência do Banco Central do Brasil and on the case study method. We have realized bibliographical-documentary survey and field research carried out between 2017 and 2018 by applying interviews and participant observation. We conclude that the pronaf's demeanor is limited and selective and, consequently, does not contemplate a social diversity of family farming at the local level. Because of this, negative social, environmental, and economic effects are recurrent in the settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peasant activities have always been directly related to the traditional communities' way of life, which have based it on subsistence agriculture so that the peasant territory serves not only as an economic subsidy but also for the valorization of the territorialities present in these spaces. At the end of the 19th century, there was an intensification of discussions on environmental conservation, promoting the environmental agencies territorialization, responsible for the demarcation of areas and the creation of legislation that does not always consider the sociospatial specificities of the areas to be preserved. This paper aims to analyze the main challenges of peasant production and reproduction given the restrictive policy of the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, which limits the activities of the communities installed in its interior, as well as the socio-environmental conflicts that emerge in this scenario. Based on active methodologies, we seek to understand the socio-spatial dynamics of the peasants, as well as their management and survival strategies in this Protected Area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes the incorporation and development processes of agroecology in land reform areas proposed by the main Brazilian country socioterritorial movement, the Landless Worker's Movement (known in Portuguese as MST). For this purpose, we analyze agroecological practices at Herdeiros da Terra de 1º de Maio rural camp, located in the cities of Rio Bonito do Iguaçu and Nova Laranjeiras, state of Paraná, Brazil. Through participant research, interviews and documental analysis, this article details how agroecology has been built within the camp's territorial reorganization process. This text observes a fundamental step for agroecological consolidation in land reform areas, given that previous experiences, from the period of occupation, guide the production systems developed after the land was obtained. Despite the difficulties for agroecological territorialization, this research identified its permanence through five years of camp, as well as a potential to agroecological practices consolidation, considering territorial resources and subjects' interests, in the case the area is intended to land reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about to analyze the territorial configurations, in the last two decades, of working and memories in the agricultural production at the Rio de Contas' shores, located in the district of Suçuarana, Tanhaçú - Bahia. Therefore, the territory, the memory and the work are understood as a contradictory dialectical unit that is linked to the general process of capitalist accumulation. In this means to build this theoretical perspective, we used the contributions of Harvey (2006), Smith (1988), Oliveira (1997-99), Marx (1985), Hobsbawm (2014), Pollak (1989), Carvalho (2013) Coca (2013), among others sources. The data analysis and narratives of both male and female workers show the transformations that occurred. Simultaneously, transformations took place in many different facets such as production, distribution, circulation and consumption in the most different types of crops and in territorial configurations. Furthermore, they reveal their own contradictions and as class and power are disputed between peasant family farmers, middlemen, consumers, the Syndicate and the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to make a socioeconomic analysis over rural settlements in the extreme south of Bahia and in Pontal do Paranapanema in São Paulo state. Its emphasis is on cassava agrobiodiversity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen farmers in ten settlements in Bahia and eleven farmers in seven settlements in São Paulo. Those regions socioeconomic levels are among the lowest in their states, with major vulnerability in Bahia. About 60% of farmers's children live in the settlement, two thirds of them work on agricultural activities. Composed mainly by elderly population, settlements in Bahia represent most of cassava diversity, whose production provides to the artisanal flour production flour. The cultural dynamics over the flour production activities in the settlements constitute a key element in the region's agrobiodiversity maintenance. The Pontal's cassava production on the other hand, answers to the demand of industrial starch outside the settlements, which causes the growing of few varieties that answer to the industrial standards. The Bahia settlements' agroecological perspective has been fundamental to its agrobiodiversity enhancement while the industrial agriculture perspective endorsed in São Paulo's region weakens the agricultural diversity as well as its sociocultural structures associated with the agrobiodiversity maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agrarian question has been deeply distorted by the neoliberal vision, which is based on the economics of agribusiness articulated the global commodity economy. In contrast, this paper proposes a broader discussion, considering key aspects of the Brazilian agrarian problem. From a methodological point of view, this is an analysis of a qualitative nature, based on a secondary source and on specific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the importance of using ethnomapping elements for the instrumentation of Geography classes, being developed at the Tatakti Kyikatêjê State School in the Mãe Maria Indigenous Land, Kyikatêjê village, with practical applications of the ethnomapping elements with 6th grade students. The lack of didactic material in the understanding and understanding in the studies of the landscapes of the village led the work to make proposals of practical applications of the elements of ethnomapulation in the indigenous school and to elaborate with the students a Geoecological Profile containing the elements that condition the landscape of the village. Being developed with the aid and use of the technologies of geographic information, the software CorelDraw. Using the theoretical references systemic and geoecological, the definition of ethnomapulation according to the conception of some authors as the one of Almeida (2003), Correia (2007), Acserald and Coli (2008) was adopted. The work is developed with the delimitation of the study area, lectures, field work and graphic composition of the new Geoecological Profile. As a result, the new Geoecological Profile of the village has been elaborated, which has provided significant teaching to the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the paths and contemporary dynamics of rural producers and landowners of Brazilian origin in Paraguay, seeking to understand their logic and the current situation in terms of land control and tenure. For this purpose, a bibliographic review, analysis of statistical data and semi-structured interviews were carried out with 56 producers/rural landowners of Brazilian origin who are or have been in Paraguay. As a result of the research, it was identified that there are currently at least five different movements: i) producers who arrived in the second half of the 20th century and who remain in the same region in Paraguay; ii) producers and/or descendants who arrived in the country in the same period and in the last few years they have moved inland; iii) actors who arrived in the country more recently, investing in agricultural production and/or land acquisition; iv) producers who chose to hold land in both Paraguay and Brazil; v) rural producers who, for different reasons, return to Brazil. Therefore, there are different paths, movements and dynamics of this social group in relation to land in Paraguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the collective identifications of the pampean agricultural actors (Argentina), paying attention to the influence of the agribusiness discourse in them. From an approach that understands that identity processes are constructed from relationships of difference with others, these identifications are studied in a relational manner addressing the representations that agricultural actors have about otherness. With this objective, we analyse a corpus of 42 semi-structured interviews carried out between the years 2016 and 201842 in two counties of the province of Buenos with different socioproductive characteristics (Ayacucho and Baradero). From this analysis, we managed to account for the ways in which these actors define themselves as a collective in tension with the agribusiness paradigm companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a dimension of the agricultural production in Brazil, highlighting the one carried out downtown or by its inhabitants in the suburb areas. Geographic and other fields of knowledge approaches were dealt with to underline the peculiarities of urban alimentary supply, among them, the frequent supply shortages, which used to drive citizens to produce a part of the items for self-consumption and another for the local commerce. The exportation economy characteristics, with consequent land and work force concentration, allied to restrictive social and territorial division of urban work in the colonial and imperial periods are fundamental for understanding the production process downtown or in suburb areas. At last, we highlight the structural shift which took place in the country due to the consolidation of an internal alimentary production as well as to transformations in towns growth logic which had a peak with the urban agricultural producers' reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecology presents itself as a paradigm capable of overcoming the fragmented, atomistic and mechanistic view of science and building new foundations for sustainable development. This paper presents an approximation between dialectical historical materialism and action research in the construction of knowledge in Agroecology, with reflections made from an applied research, that agronomic experimentation was a stage in the action research cycle, carried out with two peasant groups located in the Ireno Alves dos Santos and Marcos Freire settlements, in the city of Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, PR. Conducting research based on the action research methodology is capable of providing the dialogue between scientific and popular knowledge and the change in the relationship between subject and object present in scientific research, resulting in the collective construction of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 2000s, the issue of institutional markets for family farmers gained ground on the government agenda, highlighting the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE). However, in the course of these programs are observed divergent rhetoric, pointing irregularities in them. The paper analyses theses programs from Hirschman's thesis on the rhetoric of intransigence. For this analyses, the paper used surveys conducted by the authors, secondary data and media reports on the programs. The text begins with a brief history of the PAA and PNAE, pointing its origins, trajectories and limits. Following, from the Hirschman thesis, are analyzed as the as the opponents make use of perverse rhetoric, of threat and futility to counter the processes of change. The study indicates that not always are corrupted rules by ad faith of the public officer or the farmer. They do that because is necessary to attend the purpose of the policy and to adapt it the local contexts. On the other hand, it is expected that in the political arena there is power relations where the processes of change tend to suffer intransigent opposition movements/conservatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present some of the theoretical and political fundaments that underlie the guidelines adopted by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) in view of the development of organization and cooperation in rural settlements. This is done primarily from a systematic analysis of documents produced by the MST on the subject in the 80's and 90's and based upon interviews with militants through fieldwork. In addition to a historical review, the paper presents elements that make explicit and problematizes the Leninist reference adopted by MST regarding the theme of cooperation and its performance by peasants. This article questions the difference between individualism and autonomy in terms of a vision centered on the peasantry as a social class and also from the point of view of the settler or the family farm as a production unit and a source of values. How the value of individual autonomy clashes with the settlers' attempts to establish through cooperation the social division of labor in the agricultural settlements? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the problem of social studies with a territorial approach that aim to study the rural or rurality. The emphasis lies in the conceptualization of territorial from a theoretical and methodological approach. This work examines three Uruguayan academics works from different areas and with different approaches, while they are approached from the perspective of territory by Bernardo Fernandez Mançano. The paper concludes that the vision of the Brazilian geographer brings substantial methodological elements that nourish methodological terms visions and proposals handled in Uruguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper searches to understand which the theme of interdependence between social movements and the state of the constitution in land reform settlements. This article the analysis of the problem: what are the interdependencies between the MST and the State in establishing a settlement of agrarian reform? From this to problematize this contained the interrelationships between the different spheres of government and political leadership of the Movement of Landless Workers (MST) in the establishment of a land reform settlement in the years 1990. The research sources used to collect data and references to this paper were obtained in: researched bibliography in the writing of the author's dissertation; academic articles; and perceptions from the author's experiences in some land reform settlements. In this research it was considered that an indicator of which direction, directions and developments of the relations in the process of formation of the Santa Rosa settlement between the state and the MST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul, in addition to having some conservation units in federal, state and municipal level, recently launched the legal and factual basis for the creation of a new type, oblivious to SNUC, based on private ownership of idea nature and at the same time, the US - parquística idyllic vision. This paper will seek to discuss the creation of the Bodoquena-Marsh Geopark is presented as a further reification of the proposed nature and its private appropriation by capital, environmental protection travesty, or if it is, indeed, an environmental action. For this purpose, the deductive method is used, based on research to state documents, as well as normative-legal acts that serve to identify the reasons and justification for the creation of this new environmental-legal figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we give an account of the development of agroecology in Argentina, specifically from the dimension of socio-political analysis. We want to analyse agroecology as a collective action, in his disruptive capacity. This means that we will analyze the agroecology as a component of the action of social movements. To achieve our objective, in the first instance present we will present a cartography of the main collective expressions, cooperatives and associations for the promotion, production and agroecological marketing in Argentina, and then we will emphasize the programmatic contents of the agroecological proposal presented in this country. social movements of rural populations. From this analysis, we will seek to answer the question of why agroecology has been proposed by indigenous peasant movements as a paradigmatic alternative that antagonizes industrialbased agriculture, and what are the scope of this approach as a process of social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of a research on the movement of school occupations in Londrina in 2016, carried out from a geographical perspective, relating them to the concepts of territory and territoriality. The national occupation phenomenon was highlighted by the autonomous power of the high school students and the manifestations of power relations in the spatial organization of the occupied schools, which was appropriated and dominated in the short term. Considering the students as producers of territorialities during the occupations, it is assumed that the power relations exercised in these spaces unfolded into conflicts of interests, re-functionalization, and re-signification of the school, which also could have its space modified. The objective of the research was to characterize the spatial organization of the occupation movement and investigate whether there were temporary or permanent changes in both the student-school relationship and in the school space, and, if so, which were they. Bibliographic research, identification and mapping of schools in Londrina, collective interviews with high school students who participated in the occupations in the state high schools Albino Sanches Feijó, Application, Willie Davids and Hugo Simas, and observation of possible changes in occupied spaces were undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at analyzing the formative contributions of PIBID Interdisciplinary Rural Education for the docent formation of undergraduates from Social Sciences, Geography, History, Languages and Pedagogy who received scholarships between 2014 and 2017 at Federal University of Uberlândia. By the end of the project it could be verified that PIBID is one of the programs that most collaborated with undergraduates' formation process, either by their need of the scholarship or by the interest in the program guidelines. During its execution, a link is formed and it unites horizontally the field of action, which is the school, with theories and discussions coming from the university. This modality (Interdisciplinary rural education) further expands the undergraduates' formation as it offers the opportunity of educational practices in an environment that is little explored when compared to teaching in the city. Therefore, this analysis exposed the importance attributed to PIBID Interdisciplinary Rural Education as a project that collaborated in the formative process of future teachers, emphasizing the reality found in rural schools, a context generally neglected in undergraduate courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper grasps an understanding of the agricultural frontier which thinks of it as historically constituted and able to have its contents modified by the overall changes in society. Thus, it returns to formulations over the pioneer front made by the traditional Geography and by the critical Geography. Afterwards, we deal with the particularities of the Brazilian national formation, calling attention to the importance of the university and of science in the process and in the characterization of colonization in each historical moment. Finally, we focus the MATOPIBA region, in North and Northeast Brazil, bringing three different examples of space production forms that can reveal overall changes in the way to socially relate with the agricultural frontier. Recent researches in the MATOPIBA region, took as the final agricultural frontier within Brazil, show deforestation already done by modern machinery and also a high level of slave analogous labor incidence. Moreover, recent actions by transnational state dealers suggest the presence of finance capital, in the past unlike to immobilize itself in land acquisitions. What could seem as a search for absolute and relative surplus vale extraction in new sights can however be equally grasped as over-accumulated fictitious capitals invested as a manner to produce the appearance of solid portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]