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This article presents news including foreign trade bill that was discussed during United States President John F. Kennedy's State of the Union address, other factors discussed in Kennedy's address, which reflects his 1961 pattern of relations with the U.S. Congress, and several hundred journalists in Los Angeles, California, who lost their newspaper jobs when two downtown papers went out of business.

Reports on several socio-political and economic developments in the United States. Report that an estimated drop of more than $200,000,000 in the income tax receipts for the first quarter of the year 1931, coupled with the prospect of a Treasury deficit amounting to more than $700,000,000, remind Americans of the surpassing wisdom of the greatest Secretary of the Treasury; View that the United States had no large surplus to cushion the drop into depression, and taxes will have to be increased at the very time when the resistance to increase will be the most heartfelt; Report that the estimate of the Census Bureau that in January 1931 there were 6,050,000 unemployed, and 300,000 laid off, will be no surprise to those who have followed the more reliable statistics carefully enough to take no stock in the statements of the official optimists; Report that the papers have been full of statements by the optimists as a result of tiny seasonal gain in employment and production in February; Report that while New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt has hesitated, presumably recognizing the presence of corruption, but reluctant to jeopardize his own presidential ambitions by breaking with Tammany, underground politics have worked successfully in the state assembly; Views of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ on birth control; Report that the Federal Farm Board, now approaching the end of the funds allotted to it for stabilization, has been forced to announce that it will not buy any of the new crop; Information on a new project for a chain of movie houses in all parts of the country.

Presents information on the Pabst Postwar Employment Awards, which encourages unknown genius to come forward with an original and epoch-making idea. Claim that the donors have a right, to feel cheated by the so-called "plan" which won the first prize of $25,000; Information that the suggestions in the plan can be heard almost any day on the floor of Congress, at business conventions or in newspaper editorial rooms; Questioning of the wisdom of placing an arbitrary limit of one year after hostilities cease regulation of prices and distribution by the Office of Price Administration and the War Planning Board controls; need for them disappears, but not before. Disliking of the suggestion that all war plants except those needed for military purposes be sold promptly to the highest bidder; Stress laid on clear definition of the fields of business and government.

Presents information on the old-fashioned Americanism campaign in the U.S. Expression of an opinion without fear of losing job, citizenship and business; Information on the un-Americanism of the Federalist Party in 1798 which express itself in the U.S. to frighten millions of American citizens; Information on the violation of the spirit of First Amendment; Situation of the foreign-born labor leaders in the U.S.; Description of objectives of Freedom League to expose businessmen who employ economic coercion to control the political activity of employees.

Presents an update on the economic conditions in the U.S. Status of the measures proposed by U.S. President Harry S. Truman related to reconservation and security to the U.S. Congress; Effect of wage reduction of industry workers on the purchasing power of the country; Speculations of strikes and lockouts following wage reductions; Conclusions regarding the state of employment in the U.S.; Discussion on the meaning of unemployment and full employment; Estimates on the number of surplus workers that will be made to leave their jobs; Obstacles associated with the issue of postwar reemployment.

Focuses on political developments in the world with emphasis on political condition in the U.S. Announcement by U.S. President Harry S. Truman that his country will not seek monetary payment for Lend-Lease deficits on the books; Effects of the sudden and unilateral termination of Land-Lease agreement by President Truman; Need for cooperation between Great Britain and the U.S. for future expansion of world trade; Details of democratic election scenario in Japan; Views of James C. Dunn, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European, African and Near and Far Eastern Affairs on former African colonies of Italy; Issues related to the passage of the Murray-Patman full-employment bill; Criticism of the political regimes, which under the Soviet auspices have come to power in the Balkans; Comments by W. Stuart Symington, chairman of the Surplus Property Board, on limiting provisions of the Surplus Property Act; Views of Republicans and Southern Democrats on the Kilgore unemployment bill; Strike and lockout by newspapers "Post Dispatch," "Star-Times" and "Globe-Democrat" in Saint Louis; Suspension of loyal employees of these newspapers without pay until publication resumed.

Focuses on steps taken in the U.S. to solve the problem of poverty. Description of reasons for poverty in the country; Details of the anti-poverty programs in the U.S.; Comment on the involvement of the U.S. government in anti-poverty programs; Impact of poverty on the economic conditions of the country; Comment that despite the shortage of labor, employers are still reluctant to take those with no job skill; Information that the U.S. Congress has authorized close to $800 million for programs involving direct employment of the poor.

Presents a proposal to achieve full employment in the United States without inflation. Impact of the war in Vietnam on the United States economy; Factors contributing to the current economic condition; Ways to curb inflation; Call for integration of government activities related to the economy; Overview of spending on welfare programs by the government.

Focuses on efforts of talent Corp. for education in the United States. Report on the organization formed by reformist to train middle-class ladies for employment in the U.S., Talent Corps. Benefits of the Talent Corp. programs to poor people; Information on other groups involved in social reform; Training programs included by the organization; Efforts of new careers theorists to touch on a good many absurdities in the organization of American life; Failure of the new careers programs; Information on crisis in public services in cities of the United States; Demand of rising teachers' unions and professional groups for more control over entry and promotions; Introduction of new careers programs with a constituency; Views of the author that in schools as in on her agencies, the quality of the experience depended on the supervision.

Presents U.S. automobile manufacturer Henry Ford as savior of U.S. at the time of financial crises. Selling of cars without profit to save the nation; Increase in the job production; Employment of younger men at lower wages; Cutting of wages by the Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Co.; Manufacture of few Ford parts by outside firms; Focus on statements of Ford Motor Co.; Exaggeration of Ford's employment figures; Anathema to workers of Ford's Rouge plant; Pressure of work on production workers; Statistics of daily shift production; Focus on the open section in the said plant.

Presents information about several developments around the world. Information about the post-war negotiations in Europe; Efforts of Prime Minister Koki Hirota to form a new Cabinet in Japan; Comments on U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's new tax policy; Information about the employment and earning in manufacturing industries; Results of an investigation into the lobbying against the Wheeler-Rayburn Bill in the last session of the U.S. Congress.

Focuses on the socio-political updates related to the U.S. Information on coal code that represent a compromise on nearly every important detail except the insistence on genuine collective bargaining; Reports that wages are so low, the hours so long, that they hold out little substantial hope of additional employment; Abandonment of the plan to have wages which are already higher than the minimum increased; Discussion on the policy of independent and aggressive trade unionism; Importance of Austro-German conflict; Lynching of three Negroes near Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Publication of a biography of Andrew W. Mellon, by Harvey O'Connor.

Focuses on the full-time employment bill of the U.S. Aim of the bill for the socialization of the U.S. economy; Proposal regarding the estimation of the working force, expenditures of private business, consumers and the various levels of government will be sufficient to provide jobs for all in advance for the coming year; Statement that is governmental spending the only means proposed to make sure that there are enough jobs; Effect of the increased expenditure on the employment opportunity; Discussion of the procedure specified in the bill; Impact of the increased expenditure on prices and inflation; Information on how the employment budget is prepared; Description of the basic economic concept on which this bill rests; Discussion of the main function of the full-employment bill; Report that will enactment of the bill guarantee the existence of full employment in the future.

Outlines strategies for attaining full employment and full production during the postwar period. Estimated employment target and desirable value of total product by 1950; Computations for income and spending under a trial budget for the national economy; Ideal of letting private enterprise expand enough to fill the gap caused by the cessation of governmental war spending; Technical possibility for a steady increase in wages and reduction of prices; Unrealistic expectation that private industry will consent to the abolition of all monopolistic practices that tend to hold up prices.

Focuses on the introduction of a bill to create a Missouri Valley Authority (MVA) by U.S. Senator James E. Murray. Importance of the bill in healing the problem of drought and flood; Destruction caused by the Missouri River and its tributaries; Information on the utility of this project; Similarities between the work of the MVA and Tennessee Valley Authority; Information on the creation of jobs and wealth by the MVA project.

Discusses the problem of illiteracy and the manpower crisis in the U.S. during the World War II. Improvement in the educational level of selectees in the World War II as compared with draftees in World War I; Examination of the census of 1940; Focus on a camp devoted to preparing skilled technicians; Discussion about the importance of education in the army and industries; Difficulty in placing illiterates by the U.S. Employment Service; Information that war industries are finding increasing difficulty in employment.

Focuses on the social and economic conditions of African Americans. Comments of George S. Schuyler, on the problem of racism; Feature of American life that has caused the manifestation of an African American group consciousness and provided the economic basis for a feeling of solidarity among its members; Causes of the lack of employment of Negroes in defense industry; Efforts to mollify the natural resentment of African Americans; Feelings among African Americans that the American people should expend some of their crusading zeal within the borders of the U.S.

Focuses on the industrial expansion program in the U.S. Information two schools of economic thoughts: Keynesian economics and the theory of monopolistic competition, discovered by the economists Apostle Chamberlin and Joan Robinson; Demonstration by economist Louis Bean which shows that even if industrial activity expands as rapidly as the most optimistic can expect, 1940 will still find with two-thirds as many unemployed in cities as today; View that a concerted program of expansion is definitely laid out in advance by the major heavy industries, and underwritten by the government; View that the programs of expansion for each participating industry would need to cover not only the projected increase in production and employment, but also commitments as to wages and price changes; Statistical analysis of the United States Steel Corp.; View that economic planning need not mean regimentation either of producer or of consumer; Problems of the industrial expansion program; Report that the proposal for a concerted and balanced expansion of industrial activity under public leadership is one which many economists have been talking of for years; Reference to the book "Jobs for All"; Report that voices are beginning to speak out for forceful action by democracy now-not action by-and-by; View that the actual job of working out a balanced program of expansion, even for a few major industries, would be one of tremendous problems and infinite ramifications.

Criticizes the attacks made by FIGHT, a militant African American organization set up by Saul Alinsky, against Eastman Kodak Co. Highlights of the dispute between Kodak and FIGHT; Terms of the agreement between Kodak and FIGHT on the establishment of a special employment program; Reason why Kodak reneged on the agreement; Efforts of FIGHT to elevate its dispute with Kodak into a national issue.

Presents information on the first report of the United States Coal Commission regarding the anthracite industry. View that the anthracite industry exploits deposits occupying a small part of the state of Pennsylvania; Enunciation that the anthracite industry is affected by the public interest and should be subject to some sort of control; Reference to figures of the consumer's dollar; Notation that both wholesale and retail prices of stove coal have doubled in ten years; Revealment that mine costs have doubled since 1913 and labor costs have doubled on account of wage increases; Information on the study of miners earnings and employment.

Presents information regarding the Work or Fight Order of Provost Marshal General Crowder targeted against the colored people of the south U.S. Provision of the order that every able-bodied male person between the draft ages, must be engaged in some necessary employment; Amendment in selective service act to include males up to forty-five years of age; Information that Cities and towns and rural communities passed compulsory labor ordinances and by this means met with partial success in keeping the population at its former work and sometimes at pre-war low wages.

The article discusses the efforts made by the Federal government of the United States to combat growing inflation. The federal government cannot handle the inflation itself without the cooperation of the citizens of the United States. There seems to be some divergence of view on potential of the inflationary forces now recognized to be working on the economy. In 1946, the Employment Act placed on the federal government a broad measure of responsibility for the country's economic well being, but the anticipated problem was not the problem of unemployment.

The article examines a decline in the population of the U.S. in 1930s. This downward trend of population affected industrialized communities. The causes of this trend are indicated. The benefits of this decline to the economy, particularly to the unemployment rate, are also stated. Moreover, this article offers a number of recommendations for addressing the trend.

Focuses on employment camps offered by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the U.S. Social importance of CCC camps; Need of depressed youth to pass though these camps; Objectives of CCC camps to prevent the nation's male youth from becoming semi-criminal and to make possible conservation of work on large scale; Success of the camps in fighting unemployment; Impact of CCC camps in the economic, political and social advancement of the U.S.; Efforts made by the camps to deal with the problem of soil conservation; Responsibilities of Robert Fechner, head of CCC in the coordination with the U.S. War Department.

Focuses on issues related to economic recovery in the United States. Information on the publication of a business index by the newspaper "The New York Times"; Views of the Federal Reserve Board on the rise of the index; Information on the state of automobile and construction sectors; Unemployment relief and government measures as the possible factor for recovery; Report that the crop-restriction program has raised the prices of agricultural products; Information on increase in gross income from agriculture; View that the increase in employment was due partly to the reduction of hours, partly to the unemployment-relief and agricultural programs and partly to public-works expenditures; Questions related to the sufficiency of these measures for recovery.

Focuses on the security of citizens through social insurance in the U.S. Importance of social insurance; Types of insurance; Association between employment and insurance system.

Highlights several economic issues related to the United States as discussed by Chester Bowles in his book "Tomorrow Without Fear." Situation of housing and unemployment in the nation before the Second World War; Factors responsible for an increase in the income and standard of living of American citizens after the First World War; View that an increase in the industrial output but a decrease in the hourly earnings of workers led to a crash in the nation's economy; Economic loss that the country had to suffer due to the Great Depression; Support provided by persistent demand and the availability of money in resurrecting the nation's economy; Factors on which individual consumer and government spending depend.

Focuses on the effects of the end of war on the inter-mountain region of the United States. Decline of the war industry of Utah and adjacent states; People looking for work in nearly all trades; Decline of employment rate by 25 percent; Balance of dependence of the state on agriculture and mining; Colorado River-Great Basin project; Mining projects; Movement of people from the mountains to the valleys.

Analyses the incidence of poverty in the U.S. Cases of needy highlighted by the press; Case of a fatherless boy of four who cannot walk without braces; Case of a widowed mother with ten children to support; Information that the sociological data gives proof that there is nothing casual or unique in these cases; Observation that a proportion of the children arriving at working age will be too feeble to hold regular employment.

Focuses on the fiscal program of chairman of Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Beardsley Ruml. Proposal for reduced taxation, balanced budget, public works made by Ruml in his program; Discussion of compensatory fiscal policy; Implications of Ruml's proposal to lower tax rates to a point where they will balance the budget at an agreed level of high employment; Views of Ruml on deficit spending.

Focuses on the economic condition in the United States. Description of the building of an opera house in 1865 by Uranus H. Crosby and his struggle to maintain the activities of the house during the depression following the civil war; Statement that it would be difficult for a traveler in the U.S. to find many signs of the serious economic troubles of the country; Revealment that there are at least eleven millions idle and investment has almost stopped in the U.S.; View that the taxes paid by U.S. Steel on last year's business would have employed 83,000 men in the steel industry.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. "The Great Unemployment Fallacy," which focused on the problem of unemployment; Argument on the projected level of unemployment in the U.S. by 1967; Assertion on the need to reform the malapportioned U.S. Senate.

Examines the economic condition of the U.S. as of October 1962. Economic goals of liberal economic thinking in the country; Risks associated in the development of tax reforms; Estimated annual average of gross private investment; Implication of cuts in income tax rates on employment.

Focuses on economic conditions in the U.S. with emphasis on Senator Hiram Warren Johnson's viewpoints. Questions raised about the World War I and the U.S. financial status, which cannot bear the burden of another World War; Belief nurtured by most Americans that the U.S. cannot right the world by force of arms; Account of the would-be war in which there would be a far more extensive employment of airplanes and submarines.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Tax return of physicians in the United States as discussed by Melville Ulmer's article which was published in the November 7 issue; Grant received by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting from a major oil corporation to televise BBC television drama on the newly created Public Broadcasting Service network as discussed in the article "Forward With Forsyte" which was published in the November 7 issue; Quality career jobs for men and women under probation as discussed in the article "Soft-Headed on Crime" which was published in the October 24 issue.

Examines the economic forecasting of the United States government and its economic policy. Difficulty of believing in forecasts as demonstrated by the wide deviations from what actually happens later; War against inflation; Effect on the economically disadvantaged; Excessive unemployment in the Administration's game-plan; View by President Richard Nixon and his advisers that a year or two of relatively hard times may temper the psychology of labor unions and business.

Comments on the state of the railway industry in the United States. Comparison of the condition of transportation paralysis between 1917 and 1922; Impact of poor management of the roads on employment; Need to restore the real federal control to stop the wholesale desertation of railway employees and to restore the impaired morale and efficiency of railway labor.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Differences in the interpretation of the labor provisions of the Clayton Act; Ignorance of Max Eastman about the use of slang; Story on how the English language may be used freshly and directly from the forge of thought.

Presents an insight to the effect of farm bill on consumers in the United States. View that the plan is designed to raise the prices of farm products to consumers; Statement that the farmer may benefit from the bill but the consumer is likely to suffer; Suggestion that the need in depression is not that of redistribution but expansion of purchasing power; Expansion of purchasing power to increase production and consumption; Statement that the disturbance of price relationships has caused a net diminution of effective demand, of production, employment and general purchasing power; Acknowledgement that transferring purchasing power to the farmer may be expected to benefit not merely the farmer, but also the industrial worker.

Focuses on some recent socio-political and economic development in the United States. Report that U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers will very soon bet on whether business activity and employment will improve in the interval between 1939 and the 1940 campaign; View that the recent softness in commodity prices was caused chiefly by the war threats of the dictator nations; Report that the business activity at the present moment is being supported by the program of the Public Works Administration (PWA) and by government-inspired home building; View that if there is to be a new PWA program, it must be passed at the present session of Congress, and hearings on it should begin shortly; Speculation over the administration's stand on the issue of PWA loans for municipally owned power plants; Report that complaints related to alleged illegal acts by anti-union employers in labor disputes are coming into the new Civil Liberties section of the Department of Justice, headed by Henry Schweinhaut; View that the complaints form the strongest sort of testimony, incidentally, against amendments to the Wagner Act; View that the establishment of Schweinhaut's section in the department means that La Follette Committee--despite earnest appeals from the Congress of Industrial Organization and liberal Congressmen--is being definitely dismantled; Controversies related to the recent failure of New Jersey Title Guaranty and Trust Co.

Focuses on some of the members of the administration of former U.S. President Herbert Hoover whose main concern is to make the present level of employment look better than it actually is. Information on a survey made public by George A. Sloan, chairman of the Consumer Goods Industry Committee; Contradictions in information given by Paul S. Willis, president of the Associated Grocery Manufacturers of America, about increase in employment in the industry; Findings of Walter S. Tower and Ernest L. Trigg about the number of employed in their industries; Role of the newspaper The New York Sun in the efforts of these people.

Comments on the release by the administration of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt of labor statistics to show that the unemployment in the country is diminishing. Information on reports that prove unemployment have been increasing; Illustration of how official pronouncements may be far rosier that the supporting data; Information on a 1935 report from the Department of Commerce regarding labor income.

Describes a meeting between the women delegates of the Unemployment Convention and the U.S. Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins. Presentation of the demands of the unemployed women delegates by spokesperson Juliette Poyntz; Story of representative Matilda Lee; Protest of the organization against the discrimination of Negro workers; Courage of the widow Helen Baker; Work of the Small Home-Owners' League and the Unemployed Councils.

Focuses on various socio-political issues in the U.S. Information about the reports on factory employment and payrolls from July 15 to August 15, 1933; Relation between total employment and total payroll payments; Views of National Recovery Administration officials regarding employment and payroll totals; Reports on the economic function and campaign of Blue Eagle.

Focuses on formation of "blanket code" by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to increase employment and wages, shorten working weeks and abolish undesirable practices in the industries; Purpose of formation of the code is to force each industry to formulate its separate code and get it accepted by Washington; Reduction in the volume of business in the U.S. during the depression; Efforts of NRA Administrator Hugh S. Johnson to augment business by a great "Buy Now" campaign; Response of the industries to the "blanket code"; Statement that the codes submitted by the industries have contradicted the plain language of the Recovery Act by insisting upon the maintenance of company unions, or upon other restrictions upon the right of labor to bargain collectively through representatives of its own free choices.

Focuses on the virtues and defects of the newly enacted legislation called the Full-Employment Act, which aims to provide a strategy to attain an economy of sustained full employment. Questions raised over the definition of the term full employment and the loopholes in it; Drawback of the bill to either assure or provide employment; Failure of the press to report the full and objective analysis of the bill which was presented in the U.S. Senate; Campaign launched by some Senators against the legislation; Opposition of the majority of the U.S. Congress to principles of the bill.

Discusses various political and economic problems being faced by Washington. Report on U.S. President Harry S. Truman's generous terms to Great Britain, realizing the latter's postwar plight; Rise in inflation as a result of cutting taxes by $6 billion; Omission of a specific formula for wage advances in Truman's wage-price speech; Request for full-employment and idle-pay bills; Listing of various authors from New York University.

Presents comments on letters to the editor on various socio-political issues. Letter on the subject of the Catholic Church; Information given by Henry David Aiken, secretary of American Defense that Harvard Group has gone on record supporting anti-poll legislation; Jobs provided by Work Projects Administration.

Presents letters to the editor referencing topics and articles published in the previous issues. Criticism of the oppressive and totalitarian industrial policy that German dictator Adolf Hitler adopted to do away with the unemployment; Appraisal of Consumers' Cooperatives which were effective in holding down retail food and commodity prices; Criticizes the U.S. government for giving more importance to the questions of war that those related to social security, programs and relief.

Focuses on economic condition in the U.S. during the 1960's. Information on the yearly increase in inflation rate; Possibility of inflation turning into recession; Effect of recession on employment opportunities; Failure of U.S. President Richard Nixon to control inflation; Reference to raising taxes, tightening money supplies and cutting federal spending as ways to halt inflation.