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In the complex operations of the Indian media economy, the phrase 'media markets' requires careful consideration as an analytical concept. As a noun, 'media markets' is typically used to refer to a spread of media businesses and/or consumer sectors. Closer examination reveals that there tend to be multiple markets operating simultaneously within any media business (for products, capital, labour, audience, etc.). This implies an 'economy of markets', transacting both across media formats and with markets situated outside of the media production process. Both 'media exchanges' and 'mediated exchanges' shape the dynamics of the inter-locking markets that constitute the Indian media economy. Thus, at the categorical level, we ask several questions: What are the boundaries of media markets? Who are the key actors? How are these transactional relationships valued? With these questions in mind, this article seeks to identify points of distinction in form and geography along with critical relationships between overlapping markets and underlying interests. We propose a topology of Indian media markets, organised via three levels, with treatment of each taking into consideration the synergistic character of media markets and how interdependency shapes functional norms, rules of exchange, and the embedding of media transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates about the role of media and communication in social change are central to our discipline, yet advances in this field are hampered by disciplinary fragmentation, a lack of shared conceptual language and limited understanding of long-term shifts in the field. To address this, we first develop a typology that distinguishes between approaches that foreground the role of media and communication as an agent of change, and approaches that treat media and communication as an environment for change. We then use this typology to identify key trends in the field since 1951, including the sharp downturn in work focusing on economic aspects of change after 1985, the decline of grand narratives of social change since 2000 and the parallel return to media effects. We conclude by outlining the key traits of a processual approach to social change, which has the capacity to offer the basis for shared language in the field. This language can enable us to think of media, communication and social change across its varied temporal and social planes, and link together the processes involved in the reproduction of status quo with fundamental changes to social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of control and communication endemic to powered flight have given rise to a range of media forms, which this article proposes to designate aviation media. Today, the maturation and proliferation of unmanned aircraft or drones is reconfiguring the media technologies, infrastructures, and practices on which pilots have previously relied. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with drone pilots and other airspace users in North Dakota, a US state that has courted the unmanned aircraft industry in a bid for economic diversification, this article describes the mundane forms of media labor that underpin the operation of unmanned systems. It also shows how contemporary efforts to achieve an integrated airspace in which both manned and unmanned aircraft can fly depend on the widespread adoption of transmissive media technologies. This demand defines the current media practices of rural airspace users as impediments to progress. By highlighting the politics of aviation media at a moment when drones are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, this article reveals how changes in what it means to be a pilot hinge on shifting claims about which media matter most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years leading independent television production companies in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe have become prime targets for corporate activity, and many have been subject to takeover, often by US media groups. Why is it that nurturing the development of television production companies which achieve scale but, at the same time, remain independent appears to be so challenging? This article considers which factors are crucial to the success of television production businesses and argues that, besides the ability to make compelling content, two key variables which strongly affect commercial success and sustainability in this sector are, first, effective management and exploitation of intellect property rights (IPRs) and, second, scale and configuration of activities. Focusing primarily on the latter, it analyses how changing technological and market conditions are affecting the advantages conferred by size and by adopting differing cross-ownership configurations thus, in turn, fuelling current processes of industrial re-structuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the role that community media play in the translocal negotiation of local culture in Latin America. Translocal is a concept that captures the way that local cultural producers engage with national and transnational forces in shaping everyday cultural practices. This study focuses on community radio station Ecos de Manantlán in Zapotitlán de Vadillo, Mexico (Radio Zapotitlán), during the years 2006–2012. Radio Zapotitlán is officially categorized as a campesino or agricultural laborer/peasant station and presents its campesino identity through radio and Internet content. Analyses of that content, along with interviews with station associates and listeners, reveal the complex cultural mediations between local media producers, national regulators, and transnational donors. This study investigates the local production of a transnationally funded radionovela, or radio soap opera, as a window onto the station’s role as a cultural mediator. This article argues that station participants used the radionovela to express local values and meanings and to marginalize the educational goals of the transnational agency funding the project. Radio Zapotitlán offers a concrete case of cultural negotiation in which local interests engage with – and transform – donor-funded content aimed at the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nostalgia is a transnational condition. It not only describes temporal displacement from a vanished past but also spatial dislocation from a lost dwelling place: home. What happens, then, when the spatio-temporal dimensions of nostalgia are realigned by media globalization? Can the transnational consumption of media texts create memory-structures that allow viewers to feel 'at home' in a past that is not 'theirs'? What might such a reconstitution of nostalgia tell us about practices of interpretation, recollection, and identification among media audiences? Addressing these questions, this article investigates the responses of Israeli television viewers to a purportedly nostalgic US drama series, Mad Men. In the process, it reemphasizes nostalgia's spatial axis, while reframing nostalgia as a construct of viewer engagement rather than as a feature of media texts. Ultimately, it proposes that contemporary transnational nostalgia possesses a double structure: it is selective, acting as an emotional and cognitive resource consciously used by audiences to examine their present personal and socio-political realities; that very use, however, depends on a 'banal cosmopolitanism' in which the mediated pasts of distant societies are seamlessly experienced as a part of viewers' proximate lifeworlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadcast television faces new challenges in the rapidly changing media environment. This article proposes 'para-interactivity' as a concept that identifies the ways television addresses its audiences in the digital age. Para-interactivity is a term that brings together several salient elements in contemporary television texts as well as positing a contemporary context for established and familiar television strategies. It identifies elements embraced by television, which echo interactive communication processes and are characteristic of digital media and participatory culture, but when employed by and adapted to television, they do not usually construct communication that is actually interactive. This article focuses on one of these para-interactive strategies: unvelling television's apparatus on screen. This strategy implies an inclusive viewing experience and a seemingly more equal and reciprocal relationship between television and its viewers. However, I argue that what is presented to the viewers is nothing but a 'staged backstage', while television industry surrounds itself in real and legal fences. Drawing on Israeli commercial television texts, this article contributes to the understanding of contemporary transformations in television as a medium and as a cultural industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short article, I analyse Hall’s neglected early work on media and its account of how ideology is reproduced through the everyday workings of media institutions. I trace the importance of that work through later work on the mythical aspects of media institutions (Couldry) and more recent work on the culture of connectivity (Van Dijck) and its appropriation of the social in the form of social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author explores the state of communication and media studies during the 21st century. It states that external and internal factors affect media studies such as humanistic and social scientific approaches to research. The author looks at the development communication in the U.S. in he 1950s as well as cultural imperialism in the 1970s.

This article examines the curious interplay between media sociology and Science and Technology Studies (STS). Recent media research is increasingly drawn to STS, while STS analysts are increasingly drawn to research media technologies. While it is routine practice in STS to stress the ‘materiality’ of the objects under investigation, media technologies pose a challenge to this. Their ‘materiality’ is difficult to distinguish from their communicative/symbolic dimensions, the latter often being misframed as ideal/immaterial. By contrast, media research traditions have thought through these issues in terms of the concept of articulation and the related conceptual legacy of aesthetic modernism. While far more attentive to the specificity of ‘the symbolic’, these frameworks have been only partly informed by macro-social theoretical reflection. Here we advocate Calhoun’s placement of communications within his ‘infrastructure of modernity’ as the most suitable overarching framework for discussion of this border communication. However, Calhoun’s framework itself can benefit from re-invigoration by the socio-technical insights of both traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The authors explores the conceptualization of online communication in the global community. They contend that to dichotomize the concept of the internet into either a known or an unknown territory may limit the understanding of this new form of communication. They propose that those engaged in this field consider some foundational ideas of communication and explore other ideas. The authors argue that online communication should be approached as a collaborative system.

The contemporary dynamics of mass communication necessitate a reassessment of the received notions of audience labor. To that end this article revisits Dallas Smythe’s seminal audience commodity theory through the lens of a two-sided class analysis. A number of his key conceptualizations are critiqued including audience power, audience measurement, media content as a free lunch, audiences as a non-durable producer’s good, the disappearance of labor power, and the revisionist history of capitalist development . At each point in the critique the contributions of various political economists who have revised and extended Smythe’s work are highlighted. The critique serves to underscore the contributions and limitations of the theory as its extension into the new media landscape is reconsidered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In order to accomplish more multi-dimensional analyses of media logic one needs to study how journalists grapple with news issues in their expanding development, such as the revolutionary development of the climate issue in the news. The present analysis is based on interviews with 14 Swedish environmental journalists from various news media, who have been part of editorial concentrations on climate news. The results consist of three ways of conceptualizing the climate issue among the journalists: as inside, outside, and beyond media logic. These conceptualizations give rise to three conflicting types of journalistic creativity, more precisely, the ability to effectively insert the climate issue ‘into’ media logic; the ability to go as far ‘outside’ media logic as possible while remaining credible by arraying the climate issue in ‘scientific language’; and finally, the ability to think beyond the media-logic ‘box’ and do something about it (to change journalism). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, the author discusses the mass communication and the roles of audience in the media environment. The author states that the approach to mass communication can be expressed in a strong conceptualization of the idea of the mass, wherein the mass refers to the senders and receivers of information. He says that the communication dynamics which were shown in Web 2.0 applications including YouTube, Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter highlights an approach to mass communication.

The article examines the dynamics involved in the mediation of a global event by (local) news media. Using the case study of the WTO conference held in Hong Kong in December 2005, it critiques the discursive practice of 'indigenization' in local news coverage. Specifically, it argues that mediated violence is justified in the framing of a global event. Mediatized conflict is also seen as a process that potentially co-opts conflicting parties in the global event, and as an example of the fluid expansive space between the global and the local. The article also discusses the representation of Korean farmers as the violent 'foreign' other. This 'framing' of the Korean protesters, however, was disrupted by experienced Korean protesters, who forced unwary reporters to change their ritualistic representation of the whole event. This scenario epitomizes one of the problematics involved in the hegemonic interplay between local news media, social movements and politics in the increasingly intensified local/global nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing radio's role in a broader early 20th-century American music appreciation movement, this article examines a push for inclusion of classical content on broadcast schedules of the 1920s and 1930s and documents critical objections to programming strategies pursued by commercial broadcasters during this period. While music appreciation advocates embraced radio's potential for cultural uplift, they also criticized broadcasters for giving the classics inadequate representation, violating the structural integrity of these works, and offering listeners explanations of this music that encouraged inappropriate modes of aesthetic engagement. If radio promised to spread classical music throughout all quarters of American society, critics during this period also expressed concerns that strategies used to popularize these works would degrade them and subvert the taste culture whose dominance they might otherwise assert. For classical music lovers, radio thus presented the biggest boon and greatest threat to music appreciation that the nation had ever known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By combining ethnographic methods with textual analysis, this article sets out to answer the question of how a scripted event on live television is infused with a sense of 'liveness' in order to balance the requirements of control and spontaneity in a broadcast interview. The management of this seemingly paradoxical desire is, in this analysis, linked to the ways in which professionals work at maintaining the identity of public service while competing in a commercial media market. In relation to this general inquiry, the script's status in the production of a broadcast interview will also be analysed, an area which is something of a blind spot in media research. In doing so, the conventional division between scripted and unscripted broadcast talk is called into question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debates on media concentration and the appropriate way to handle it are not coming to an end. This article stresses the dual character of media goods, the underlying ideological ideals, and the attendant institutional setting as sources of value conflict in communications policy making. It discusses this value conflict and gives examples of where it surfaces and how it is confronted. It is particularly evident in cases of media concentration. Newly introduced communications laws and policies within Europe and the US aim to reduce (ownership) regulation, promote competition and cope with the challenges posed by convergence. This quest is coupled in part with protections of media pluralism through custom-developed indices for measuring concentration in media markets and tests for assessing media plurality in merger cases. The article describes and discusses these new methods and instruments as novel but imperfect attempts by policy makers to respond to the various challenges in communications such as value conflict, convergence, the need for empirical proof and claims for non-economic ways of assessing media diversity. It concludes by stressing the need to re-emphasize normative claims as essential guiding elements of communications policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication systems are now converging, but communication policy has evolved to treat different media differently. Most solutions for a post-convergence communication policy are adjustments to inherited regulatory categories. Instead, this article revisits the underlying goals of policy-making across all media. First, the article presents a conceptual model for the communication policy process as one of inertia punctuated by crisis. Second, it applies this model to a very brief history of policy in the US, considering print, post, telephony, broadcasting and the internet. Third, from this analysis it suggests useful approaches in a converged environment, distinguishing three underlying goals for policy: the right to public dissemination, the right to private exchange and the right to design communication platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a response to the article "Simon Cottle on Mediatized Rituals: A Response," by N. Couldry and E. Rothenbuhler. According to the author, the concept of mediatized rituals does have more analytical purchase on a range of high-profile media phenomena than his critics suggest. The author claims that what is baffling is the repeated charge that his discussion and conceptualization of mediatized rituals is functionalist and pinpointed as emanating from sociology 50 years ago.

A key paradox at the heart of media phenomenology is that media are experienced as 'at once central and marginal to our lives', as Raymond Williams wrote. While Paddy Scannell, drawing on Heidegger, argues that broadcast media in particular invite ordi- nary people into a 'universe of discourse', Alain Touraine counters that there is no longer a public space into which to be invited. This article, through a reconsideration of Heidegger's writings on broadcast media, develops the complexities and ambiguities of nearness and distance which media produce. In particular, it draws on the qualitative and quantitative data of a recently completed UK project to explore how individuals experience and negotiate their relation (or lack thereof) to a public world and the role media play in sustaining or undermining this relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents an analysis of Simon Cottle's concept of ritual. The concepts of ritual Cottle presents is derived from Habermas, Benjamin and Baudrillard, not scholars who actually study ritual and media. The prominence of ritual in modern societies has been a primary topic of the ritual studies literature. Cottle cites Couldry, Rothenbuhler and Silverstone as examples of the study of ritual in the media presentation and everyday media consumption. The author states that Cottle's concept of rituals in media is far from new and, as presented, largely without content or clarity.

This article presents an analysis of people's reactions to popular American movies and television series about politics. The analysis is based on the context of enduring questions in political communication. It examines the effects of mass media on people's interest, attitude, knowledge, and behavior with respect to politics. It also discusses that popular television and film concerning politics produce a potential resource that is a combination of media discourse, popular wisdom and experiential knowledge.

Research on media use in authoritarian political systems supports the thesis that media offerings in such systems suffer from a low factor of credibility, leading to declining political interest within society, continuous retreat into the private sphere and heavy use of foreign media offerings in the search of trustworthy information. The literature indicates that both the political and centrally controlled media system have an impact on the communication needs of citizens. These findings are at odds with audience research into democratic societies, which has emphasized entertain- ment as the most important variable for media use, whereas only a few segments of the audience are interested in genuinely political items. This article argues that the above assumptions concerning media use in countries governed by authoritarian regimes have failed to recognize the role of daily life in media selection and recep- tion. It points out that communication science has ignored citizens' predominant desire for entertainment and over-estimated their need for information. The typology of East German media consumers presented in this article shows that, rather than being formed by the political system and a specific media landscape, people's com- munication needs are primarily shaped by the routines and patterns of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persuasion has been extensively examined in broadcast contexts such as political speeches/debates and advertisements. In contrast, it has only been tangentially considered in relation to the increasingly popular lifestyle media. This is despite both scholarly consensus that these programmes actively promote certain lifestyles as desirable over others and that general views of these programmes being nothing more than trivial, mindless entertainment belie their influence on viewer patterns of living and spending time and money. In view of this, I examine the resources and strategies that the lifestyle media deploy in order to persuade viewers to pursue specific lifestyles, drawing upon a corpus of 45 episodes of British primetime television property shows. Textual analysis of this corpus reveals the shows' promotion of ready-made lifestyle packages which interlock material, lifestyle and identity choices and use ease and aesthetics as incentives. The analysis also focuses upon the shows' persuasive combination of two participation frameworks: diluted didactics and melodrama. This article therefore contributes to the current debate on the purchase of lifestyles in contemporary, mass-mediated societies by critically examining a broadcast genre in which lifestyles are not only showcased but persuasively offered to viewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the influence of popular culture on children's social identities. The first influence is sport, including the activity itself, the associated brands and logos, and the styling of popular sports stars, and the second is pop music, its stars, their videos, their outfits, overall image and lifestyles, and their own clothing lines. These influences are further related to cultural intermediaries such as television and print media, all providing key sources of information for children about the role of fashion and the consumption image. The author also concludes that the concept of fashion and its portrayal within certain aspects of popular culture, play a key role in defining children's social identities.

The article comments on the relationship between journalism and politics in Great Britain. The author argues the impact of the increasing interconnectedness of media and politics on the public and on the functioning of the wider political culture. The author also discusses the problem of traditional forms of journalism in attracting the Internet generation. This paper is also an attempt to develop a formal approach to comparative research on media and politics. It also offers information about the action taken by the government to address the media-political crisis.

The article examines the initial engagement by the National Assembly for Wales with questions of broadcasting policy. According to former BBC Wales Controller Geraint Talfan Davies, the National Assembly would create a more open environment for the discussion of broadcasting policy. The development of broadcasting policy post-devolution is still its infancy. If devolution is a process, not an event, then some harder thinking on these issues is required by all parties. The policy cycle on the Communication Bill was arguably too far advanced as the devolved institutions began their operations for broad issues of principle such as this to be addressed.

The article provides information about communicative architecture of television news which serves to display and deliberate conflict and consent in the contemporary world. The communicative architecture establishes the genre of television news as an internationally recognizable way of knowing for news producers, news audiences and news participants alike, practically organizing the production, communication, and reception of news. The authors conclude that the communicative architecture of television news is implicated in both structures of dominance and processes of deliberate democracy.

This is an empirical study based on US and European experiences and their applicability to Spanish reality. It is based on a number of sectoral analyses. The article aims to discuss the transformations of the cultural industries, their adaptation to the Digital Age and the new system of communication and culture that is shaping up in the most developed countries. It is argued that although the changes ushered in by the widespread adoption of digital technologies have been profound, we have to see current transformations in relation to the continuing weight of traditional media and organizational structures. There is a major challenge for communications policy in balancing the needs for public services agaisnt the pressures of commercialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a commentary on employability and media studies curriculum. Media Studies in Great Britain has endured a decidedly chequered history. Since the late 1980s the subject has experienced massive and rapid growth in secondary, further and higher educational institutions. This continuing growth in demand for and provision of media courses in Great Britain has, however, rarely been seen or framed as 'good news' or a success story. In contrast, the public image of the field as embodied in recurrent cycles of press and related media coverage has tended to denigrate, question and contest its legitimacy. In what follows, this article provides a contextualizing commentary on this state of affairs, first outlining the chief 'angles of attack' and critique that have characterized the public image of the subject. This is then followed by an overview of key curricula formations and associated tensions that have underpinned the field and its growth throughout the past decade. Central to this has been an increasing concentration on vocationalism and the discourses of 'employability'.

The article proceeds from a basic assumption that participation in the broadcast media is about mastering a set of performance roles that are given by the production context and by the requirements of the format. It discusses how a media production team is able routinely and systematically to manage the process of formatting participation; that is, the process whereby production teams prepare non-professional participants for the programme's performance requirements. It elaborates on the various roles allotted to participants and introduces the concepts of 'format consonance', 'format dissonance' and 'format incarnation' to account for the formatting process. It also aims to demonstrate the way that formatting mechanisms operate in production where the professionals emphasize informality, everydayness and making participants 'feel good'. The article draws for concrete examples on an ethnographic study of the production of Mamarazzi, a daily popular journalism format on the Norwegian public service youth channel P3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary examines how alternative press producers conceive of their audience, comparing this with previously published literature about how main- stream media producers conceived of their audience. Through in-depth interviews with producers at the Texas Observer, the author investigates how producers at the alternative press view their audience and examines whether the audience of the alternative press is seen, as scholar Nina Eliasoph suggests, as a constituency - mobilized, active and needing information to act on an issue that concerns them. It should be clear that the author means alternative political media whenever he uses the term 'alternative press' in this commentary. Media producers think that they know best how to combine the available factors of production without actually consulting the audience. In this sense, media producers are `suggesting the equivalence of professional and lay reactions'. By media producers the author means the people who work at media organizations for the production, distribution, promotion and maintenance of media products.

The locus of our regulatory concerns needs to shift. In the new media world, a world that still includes old media and old yet resistant values driving institutional processes of mediation, the concern with markets, competition and content needs to be rethought. This is not only because of the decline of spectrum scarcity, or the incapacity of national governments to control international flows of information and communication, but because new media are challenging what it means to be human, through their increasing salience as both information and communication resources, and, as such, as crucial components of the relational infrastructure and the social life. And the media are indeed quite central to the capacity to be and to act in the world, as scholar Marshall McLuhan once upon a time noted. It was he who most forcefully suggested that media, all media, are extensions of ourselves. Similarly, regulatory discourse rarely examines why regulation should take place in the first place. accountable, regulation.

The article focuses on the renegotiation of the Shona past within public service broadcasting as epitomized by Chakafukidza Dzimba Matenga, a popular prime-time talk programme offered by the national languages channel, Radio Zimbabwe. The analysis shows how Shona traditional communicative structures and figures of traditional authority are reconfigured in the context of adult talk-radio intended for male and female listeners located in both traditional (rural) and non-traditional (urban) spaces. The article draws on the theory of the `invention of tradition' by Hobsbawm and Ranger to explore the role of broadcasting in processes of continuity and change in Zimbabwe. The article examines the `no sense of place' that results from the anticipation of the reception of the adult talk in the programme in the context of the `shifting social geographies' that Meyrowitz perceives to be increasingly evident in the way the mass media are experienced in many contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern understandings of the relationships between media and citizenship have developed in a specific context in which broadcasting was institutionalized as an assemblage of technologies, organizations, markets and social practices that articulated two spatial scales of activity namely, the private domestic home and the nation-state. There is an inherent ambivalence in the forms of power and control exercised through spatially distanciated mediums of electronic mass communications. This ambivalence has been dealt with by establishing national economic and cultural regulatory regimes that enabled national authorities to monitor their citizens' media consumption. Cultural regulation has combined a mixture of paternalism and protectionism, whereby national institutions determined the sorts of programmes that audiences should and should not have access to, in the effort to assure the cultivation of appropriate models of citizenship. In this article, the author presents an analysis of a particular example of educational broadcasting, the South African television program "Yizo Yizo." The program is indicative of new forms of transnational publicness. Transnational media organizations and markets regulate the circulation of representations of cultural diversity in important ways, and so in turn, they have become an important site for new, transnational struggles for visibility.

The deregulation of the European public service monopolies for radio and television during the last couple of decades naturally brought with it an entirely new media geography, not least in the Nordic countries, which have been marked by their strong public service institutions, as of March 2004. The Nordic countries were also among the last to abandon the public service model, and did not open their media systems to commercial competitors until the late 1980s. This remodelling of the media system has brought with it an increased interest in the role and function of public service institutions in this new competitive media landscape. In Sweden this debate has been quite intense around the turn of the millennium, following several crises within Sveriges Television and Sveriges Radio, which have seen rapid changes of managing directors. The aim of this article is to present and discuss an explanatory model in which various discourses surrounding issues such as public service, quality and commercialism can be related to one another. The author will conduct a discussion in two steps. First, in a general theoretical argument, a model for the analysis of this situation is presented. Then the author will apply this model to the Swedish situation, and suggest some reasons for the specific changes that have occurred recently within the television system.

The authors presents a reply to a commentary about their critique of the concept of mediatization. They react to their critics' accusation of failing to appreciate that the concept is concerned about the interrelationship between mediatization and wider social cultural transformations. The authors also address the validity of the methodology used to initiate the original critique.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the nature of the television market in the U.S., the impact of the dominant paradigms in shaping the media in Australia and the adoption of new technologies in Great Britain.

The article examines the political economy of the Dutch communications industry. It analyzes the Dutch public media which rely to a great extent on the same models and sources of their contents. It states that almost half of the information relay messages that were packaged and manufactured according to the preference of the average American consumer. It concludes that the country's public media is characterized by its devotion to the politics of global shopping centre.