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The study aimed to explore the nutritional value of sea buckthorn by-products and the antibacterial effects of their extracts on Escherichia coli. The experiment employed the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method to determine flavonoid content, while alcohol extraction and water extraction methods were used to extract active substances from sea buckthorn by-products. The antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn by-product extracts on Escherichia coli were investigated by the filter paper method, perforation method, and broth dilution method. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of sea buckthorn by-products was 97.98%, ash content was 3.41%, crude protein (CP) content was 12.87%, and crude fat (EE) content was 22.48%. With the increase of sea buckthorn by-product addition, gas production showed a decreasing trend. Among alcohol extraction and water extraction methods, the constant broth dilution method exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In the alcohol extraction method, the filter paper method showed good antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 14.6 mm. In the water extraction method, the filter paper method did not exhibit a significant inhibition zone, and the perforation method was not significant in both alcohol extraction and water extraction methods. The study suggests that sea buckthorn by-products have rich nutritional value, and alcohol extraction is more effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli compared to water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of replacement of soybean by whole-plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy three-way crossbred pigs weighing (60.53±2.42) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ used 4%, 6% and 8% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of soybean meal, respectively. The pre-test period was 10 d, and the formal test period was 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the eye muscle area of finishing pigs in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the water power of pork system in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the drip loss was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cooking loss in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased (P<0.05), and shear force was significantly increased (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content and protein content in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that 4% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry substitute of soybean meal in diet can improve the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effect of different concentrations of exogenous plant growth regulators on the growth and nutritional components of paper mulberry is of great significance for high-yield cultivation and popularization of paper mulberry. Hybrid paper mulberry seedlings were used as test materials, and three concentrations (150, 250, 350 mg/L) of plant growth regulators (GA3, DA-6, PP333 and 6-BA) were used to spray the whole plant, and then the growth indexes and nutrients were measured. The results showed that DA-6 and PP333 could promote the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM with a plant height of 73.13 cm, a stem diameter of 13.48 mm, the number of main stem nodes and branches were 32.00 and 11.67, and the DM was 97.69 g. GA3 significantly increased the plant height and average internode length of paper mulberry seedlings (P<0.05), and decreased stem diameter. 6-BA showed a slight inhibition on the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM. From the perspective of the effect on quality, the proportion of CP whole plant of paper mulberry treated with GA3 showed different degrees of increase, and this promoting effect decreased with the increase of application concentration. DA-6 and PP333 increased the proportion of NDF, ADF, ADL in the whole plant and TP of paper mulberry in different degrees. Among them, the paper mulberry treated with 250 mg/L PP333 had the highest TP, which was 16.27 g. All nutrients of paper mulberry treated with 6-BA were less than CK. The experiment indicates that the four plant growth regulators in the study had the following order: PP333 >DA-6 >GA3 > 6-BA. it is considered that spraying PP333 at 250 mg/L after 20 d of planting paper mulberry is conducive to cultivating strong paper mulberry and promoting the accumulation of DM and TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry has strong ability to adapt to the environment, good growth performance, and more comprehensive functions. With the continuous maturity of paper mulberry fermentation technology, as a feed, it can improve the production performance, carcass quality, and muscle nutritional value of livestock and poultry. The paper reviews the characteristics, functions and application of paper mulberry in livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for the popularization and application of paper mulberry as a conventional feed for livestock and poultry breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achyranthes bidentata Blume is a water-soluble fructan extracted from Achyranthes bidentata Blume root. It is mainly composed of three monosaccharides, glucose, mannose and fructose. Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide has many biological functions, such as improving immunity, enhancing antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal flora balance, etc., and has high application and research value in livestock and poultry production. The paper introduces the chemical structure and extraction technology of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, summarizes the biological function of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide, analyzes the research progress of its application in animal production, to provide reference for further popularization of Achyranthes bidentata Blume polysaccharide in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the pretreatment method of bagasse cellulose, optimize the composition of cellulase system and increase the amount of enzyme production. Bagasse cellulose was pretreated by microwave, phosphoric acid and steam explosion. The results showed that cellulase production and hemicellulase activity of Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 were increased, the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 1.02 times than that of untreated material, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose was increased by 100% compared with that of untreated bagasse. Aspergillus oryzae HML366 could produce β-glucosidase with high transferring-activity to synthesize gentiose. Gentiose could induce cellulase production from Fusarium chlamychii HML278. Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and Aspergillus oryzae HML366 had good compatibility, and the enzyme activity of filter paper was increased by 83.62% compared with Fusarium oxychlamycline HML278 and 93.09% compared with Aspergillus oryzae HML366. The study indicates that the mixed culture of Aspergillus oryzae HML366 and Fusarium oxychlamyclum HML278 is better than that of single strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) with high crude protein, biological yield and rich nutrients, was widely planted in China, and contains a variety of biologically active ingredients. Paper mulberry can improve the immunity and quality of livestock and poultry. Also, paper mulberry has been widely used in animal production and was listed in the feed catalogue of agricultural feed materials by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The article reviews the nutritional value, processing methods, feeding techniques and feeding effects of paper mulberry in animal production, and provide a reference for promoting the feed utilization of paper mulberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the allelopathic effect of alfalfa extract on seed germination of perennial ryegrass. The effect of five extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L) from roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa wl-963-HQ on seed germination and seedling growth of perennial ryegrass were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index of the seeds decreased obviously with the increase of the concentration of the extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa. The root and leaf extracts of alfalfa had a stronger inhibitory effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass seeds. When the concentration was 20.0 g/L, perennial ryegrass seeds could not germinate normally. Alfalfa extract had no inhibitory effect on root length and seedling height of perennial ryegrass seedlings, but had significant effect on seedling weight. The extracts from the roots, stems and leaves of alfalfa significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of perennial ryegrass seedlings (P<0.05), and the POD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, CAT activity of perennial ryegrass seedlings was significantly increased when the stem extract of alfalfa was 10.0 and 20.0 g/L (P<0.05). The study indicates that alfalfa extract has obvious allelopathy on perennial ryegrass, and reasonable row spacing was needed to reduce allelopathy when the two herbage are mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major component of sustainable economic development, how to achieve green and high-quality development under the guidance of the strategy of agricultural power has become an important issue. This paper expounds the practical basis for the green and high-quality development of Chinese animal husbandry industry from three aspects: Continuous increase in support policies, increasingly strong market demand, and continuous enhancement of the competitiveness of animal husbandry industry. For an agricultural power, the green and high-quality development of the animal husbandry industry will help drive the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, help the rapid economic growth of animal husbandry, and build a modern ecology of the animal husbandry industry. Therefore, this paper proposes to strengthen the policy support of animal husbandry industry, improve the level of informatization of animal husbandry industry, and establish an innovative path of cold chain processing and distribution system for livestock and poultry commodities, so as to provide important support for the realization of the strategic goal of agricultural power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions from 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically tests the impact of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding in China with the help of double difference model. The results showed that the policy of the livestock and poultry forbidden zone had an obvious promotion effect on the cost efficiency of the beef cattle breeding industry in China, and the influence degree was 0.074. Transportation infrastructure, farmers' investment level, beef cattle slaughter rate, and economic development level all had a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, and transportation infrastructure had the strongest positive promotion effect. There are obvious regional differences in the impact of livestock and poultry forbidden area policy on the cost efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which was manifested in the stronger promotion effect on ordinary beef cattle producing areas. Therefore, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as rationally delineating livestock and poultry forbidden areas, accelerating the improvement of transportation infrastructure and developing beef cattle breeding industry according to local conditions, so as to provide a useful reference for accelerating the high-quality development of the beef cattle breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the supply of feed grain is an important starting point for stabilizing the supply and demand of feed grain market and promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry. Based on the monthly data samples of feed grain supply and demand structure from January 2006 to December 2022, this paper uses the VAR model to empirically analyze the feed grain supply and demand structure in China. The results showed that maize supply had the most obvious influence on feed grain supply and demand structure, followed by urban and rural residents' consumption of livestock products, and rice supply was the lowest. From the perspective of supply, the main influencing factors of feed grain supply and demand structure change include maize supply, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, and wheat supply. From the perspective of demand, the consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents was the main factor affecting the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. From the perspective of emergencies, natural disaster risk index was not the Granger cause of the change of feed grain supply and demand structure. Under ignoring other factors, the contribution rate of natural disaster risk index to the change of feed grain supply and demand structure after seven weeks was 23.62%. Research shows that changes in the supply and demand structure of feed grains are mainly influenced by factors such as corn supply, consumption of livestock products by urban and rural residents, soybean meal supply, sorghum supply, wheat supply, and natural disaster risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium butyricum is a good probiotic additive, which can effectively improve the growth performance of piglets, improve the diarrhea of piglets, improve the antioxidant capacity and immune function of piglets, and reduce the mortality of piglets. Clostridium butyricum can produce short-chain fatty acids mainly butyric acid, cooperate with other probiotics to regulate the digestive environment, improve the intestinal microstructure, and help maintain the microecological balance, thus improving the digestion and absorption capacity of piglets. With the gradual application of Clostridium butyricum in piglet feeding, it is necessary to further study the specific mechanism of Clostridium butyricum's probiotic effect on piglets. This paper reviewed the biological function of Clostridium butyricum and its probiotic effect on piglets and its mechanism, which provided a reference for improving the feeding effect of Clostridium butyricum on piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens L.) is a kind of scavenging insect, which can convert organic waste such as animal feces, kitchen waste, and plant residues into its own nutrition, so as to achieve green and efficient transformation of resources. Larvae, especially defatted meal, is a good source of dietary protein. At present, most of the studies on forage fertilization of black soldier fly larvae are focused on protein nutrition, but there are few studies on black soldier fly larvae oil. The paper describes the main components of black soldier fly larvae oil, analyzes its nutritional value as feed, summarizes the main factors affecting the quality of black soldier fly larvae oil, reviews the research progress of using black soldier fly larvae oil instead of traditional feed in livestock, aquatic products, and other animal breeding at home and abroad, and puts forward some shortcomings and improvement methods of black soldier fly larvae oil as feed, to provide a reference for fully exploiting the application potential of the black soldier fly larvae oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-glucan is a kind of natural polysaccharide, which can be used as a green additive in many fields such as food and aquaculture, and has sustainability and ecological friendliness. β-glucan has many biological functions, which can inhibit and eliminate excessive free radicals in vivo, activate the antioxidant enzyme system and reduce the degree of oxidative stress. β-glucan can reduce the production of inflammatory factors and alleviate the tissue damage caused by inflammation by regulating the inflammatory pathway. β-glucan can repair intestinal barrier, regulate intestinal microecology, and reduce the penetration of bacteria and toxins. β-glucan can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, ensure that animals get enough energy supply, and thus maintain the health of the body. In this paper, the characteristics, biological functions and application status of β-glucan in livestock and poultry and aquaculture were reviewed in order to provide a reference for further application of β-glucan in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton, which mainly exists in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of cotton. Gossypol has animal toxicity, and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning, resulting in decreased fecundity, organ lesions, and even death of animals. The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge, accounting for more than 80% of the whole country. After cotton harvest, most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, resulting in great waste of resources. Cotton straw is rich in crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components. However, its gossypol content exceeded the standard, which limited the application of cotton straw feed. How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw. The structure, properties, toxicity, detoxification technology, and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper, which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeysuckle, as an important medicinal and edible plant, contains a variety of chemical active components, mainly including volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and iridoid glycosides, etc., which have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory effects. Honeysuckle and its extract can improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of feed, promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry and meat quality, regulate the metabolism of energy, protein, lipids and sugar of livestock and poultry, and improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity of livestock and poultry. In the paper, the main active components, physiological functions, and application status of honeysuckle and its extracts in livestock and poultry production were summarized, in order to provide a reference for honeysuckle and its extracts to improve the production efficiency and product quality of livestock and poultry, and to replace antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to probiotics, some inactivated bacteria, their components, and metabolites also have many probiotic functions, which can be collectively called postbiotics Postbiotics mainly come from inactive components in probiotics, which can play a probiotic role. It has the advantages of high safety, good stability and wide applicability, and has many probiotic effects such as improving gastrointestinal function, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic, immune regulation, and relieving obesity. It has broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine, and animal husbandry production. At present, postbiotics has been gradually used in animal production, and has shown many functions, such as improving livestock and poultry production performance, improving animal product quality and preventing and treating diseases, but its application has not been popularized. In this paper, the research progress of postbiotics in livestock and poultry production was summarized, in order to provide a reference for its further wide application in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mulberry is a perennial deciduous woody plant, and its leaves are homologous food of medicine and food, which have been widely used in feed industry in recent years. After fermentation, the content of anti-nutritional factors such as cellulose and tannin in mulberry leaves is reduced, and the content of crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, and minerals is abundant, which has the effect of improving feed conversion rate and animal product quality. The paper mainly introduces the contents of conventional nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in mulberry leaves, the commonly used strains for fermentation, and the changes of nutrients, anti-nutritional factors and bioactive substances in mulberry leaves after fermentation. The effects of fermented mulberry leaves on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of pigs, ruminants, poultry and fish were summarized. The future research direction of mulberry in the field of feed industry was prospected, in order to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of mulberry in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper used the location entropy index, spatial gini coefficient and barycenter model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of Chinese animal husbandry industry agglomeration from 2002 to 2021. On this basis, the fixedeffects model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. The results showed that from 2002 to 2021, the agglomeration degree of Chinese animal husbandry industry exhibited a continuous upward trend. The focus of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration had been concentrated in Henan and Sichuan for a long time. The animal husbandry industry gradually gathered from the eastern to the central region. The technology input, industry correlation, economic development level and policy environment all had a positive impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, while the number of labor force had no significant impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. Therefore, the paper puts forward some suggestions to accelerate the clustered development of animal husbandry industry, stimulate the shift of high-qualitanimal husbandry industry elements to the centralregion, and strengthen the policy support for the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the opening of the silo to the end of its feeding, the silage face undergoes materials and energy flow with the external environment. Oxygen is the cause of the deterioration of silage quality. It promotes a series of aerobic microorganisms to eat high-nutrient substances (such as water-soluble sugars and lactic acid), which leads to a decrease in the dry matter and energy content of the silage, and may even result in the production of mycotoxins. The silage face is susceptible to oxidation, but effective management of the silage face can help preserve more nutrients for ruminants. The paper introduces the structural characteristics of silage, gas exchange, volatilization of fermentation ends, and microbial activities that occur on the silage face. It also describes the conditions that lead to aerobic deterioration on the silage face. Additionally, the paper reviews the role of silage face management, such as management principles, daily removal rate, silage remover, and feeding principles, in ensuring personnel safety, preserving nutrients and reducing dry matter losses, to provide a reference for implementing effective feed-out practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the stability of feed additive lysozyme dimer in influencing factors and accelerated test, determined the validity period of the product through long-term test. Three batches of lysozyme dimer samples were taken for influencing factor test (high temperature test, high humidity test and light test), accelerated test and long-term test, the moisture, dimer content and enzyme activity of lysozyme dimer were detected as inspection indicators. The results showed that the lysozyme dimer was relatively stable in the influence factor test, accelerated test and long-term test. The validity period of the product was preliminarily determined to be 12 months after the validity period prediction analysis. The experiment indicates that lysozyme dimer is relatively stable. The product can be packed in compound paper bags and stored in dry and ventilated places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of abundant nutrients and bioactive components, less drug residues, natural pollution-free, and friendly to water environment, so it has become a new green feed additive in aquaculture industry. The application of Chinese herbal medicine and its compound additives can improve the growth and development speed, feed utilization rate and digestion and absorption ability of aquatic animals, enhance the ability of disease resistance, antibacterial and anti-stress of aquatic animals, and improve muscle flavor and nutritional value. The paper summarizes the physicochemical properties and biological functions of active components and nutrients of Chinese herbal medicines, and shows the biological characteristics of compound Chinese herbal medicine additives in aquaculture of fish, shrimp, crab, and other aquatic animals, aiming at providing references for the research and development of compound Chinese herbal additives and their further application in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of Chinese animal husbandry, the healthy development of beef cattle breeding has become a key way to promote the virtuous cycle of agricultural production system. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on the efficiency of beef cattle breeding, which is conducive to the healthy and high-quality development of the breeding industry. Based on the panel data of four beef cattle breeding advantage areas from 2008 to 2021, the efficiency of beef cattle breeding was measured by stochastic frontier analysis, and the Logit model was used to calculate the propensity score before and after the promulgation of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies in 2014. On this basis, the propensity score matching method was used to test the effect of livestock and poultry environmental protection policies on beef cattle breeding efficiency. The results showed that compared with before the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, the breeding efficiency of beef cattle increased by 18.2% after the promulgation of the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy, indicating that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. This conclusion is still valid after four endogenous tests: caliper matching, one-to-one matching, nuclear matching and K-proximity matching. The results show that the livestock and poultry environmental protection policy can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by beef cattle breeding, promote the research and development and innovation of breeding technology, and improve the efficiency of beef cattle breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of broiler price fluctuation, which is beneficial to promote the healthy and stable development of poultry breeding industry. Based on the sample data of 252 broiler feed enterprises in China from January 2002 to December 2022, after passing the stability test, VAR model and variance decomposition method were used to analyze the main factors causing the fluctuation of broiler feed price in China from the aspects of broiler feed price, supply, and demand. The results showed that at the supply level, the main influencing factors of broiler feed price fluctuation were corn stock and soybean meal stock, and the impact of corn stock and soybean meal stock on broiler feed price in the seventh period were 30.78% and 20.39%, respectively. At the demand level, in the seventh period, the per capita disposable income of rural residents and the stock of fertile broilers had a relatively high impact on broiler feed prices, which were 9.06% and 6.87%, respectively. The results showed that the price fluctuation of broiler feed was most affected by the price of broiler feed itself, followed by corn stock, soybean meal stock, per capita disposable income of rural residents, breeding hens stock, fish and shrimp price, broiler stock, beef price, and per capita disposable income of urban residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jerusalem artichoke has the characteristics of high yield, strong adaptability and wide application range, and is rich in active substances such as inulin, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and amino acids. Jerusalem artichoke has the functions of improving the intestinal ecological environment of livestock and poultry, relieving constipation, promoting mineral absorption, regulating blood glucose and blood lipids. Jerusalem artichoke can reduce livestock mortality, improve slaughter rate, meat quality, production performance and immune organ index, and has the potential to be used as a functional feed additive. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, physiological functions and applications of Jerusalem artichoke inulin, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids and amino acids in animal production were reviewed, to provide a reference for promotion and application of Jerusalem artichoke as a functional feed additive in livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms, and taking probiotics in moderation is beneficial to the health of the host. Probiotics have the functions of antitoxin, anti-pathogenic bacteria, and diarrhea reduction, which can improve the balance of intestinal flora, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and improve host immunity. Adding probiotics to livestock and poultry diets can supplement intestinal microbial population, improve animal production performance, and restore the immune system function of the host. In this paper, the screening criteria, action mechanism, and application progress of probiotics in intestinal health of livestock and poultry were summarized, and the effects of probiotics on intestinal structure, immune function, and production performance were discussed, which provided a reference for the application of probiotics in livestock and poultry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chito-oligosaccharide is a class of small molecule compounds with good water solubility, high biocapacitivity, low toxicity, and easy intestinal absorption, which are prepared by chitosan deacetylation and have various physiological effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. As a new feed additive, chito-oligosaccharide has a significant role in improving the production of animals, which can effectively improve production performance and product quality, which is in line with the development trend of healthy breeding. Therefore, the paper reviews the physicochemical properties and physiological functions of chito-oligosaccharides, and expounds the role of chito-oligosaccharides in broiler production from meat quality, immune function, growth performance, and intestinal barrier, aiming to provide a reference for chito-oligosaccharides to be used as a green and efficient feed additive in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea polyphenols are the main components in tea. Tea polyphenols are the general name of a kind of polyphenolic mixture with a phenolic hydroxyl structure, which is mainly composed of flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and catechins, and has biological functions such as antioxidation, antiviral, antibacterial and bacteriostatic, and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. As a feed additive, the tea polyphenols can improve the immunity and antioxidant function of animal body, improve the disease resistance of the body, regulate various physiological metabolic functions in the body, and then improve the production performance of animals and increase the profit of breeding. In this paper, the physicochemical properties, main components, biological functions of tea polyphenols and their application in animal production were reviewed, which provided some reference for efficient utilization of tea polyphenols in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural herbaceous plant resources are abundant and widely distributed in China. Polyphenols extracted from natural herbaceous plant have many biological functions, and can be developed as feed additives instead of antibiotics. The plant polyphenol extract can improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, enhance the antioxidant capacity and immune function, improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, and regulate intestinal health. In this paper, the effects of plant polyphenol extracts on immunomodulation, antioxidation, and intestinal health were reviewed, and the application of plant polyphenol compounds in animal husbandry was summarized, in order to provide a reference for the application of plant polyphenol extracts in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus probiotics are common microecological agents, and their spores are highly resistant to temperature, pressure, and nutrients, and can tolerate various feed processing technologies, so they have been widely used in livestock and poultry production. The action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics includes secreting antibacterial substances or directly inhibiting bacteria through quorum sensing, regulating the intestinal environment to facilitate the colonization of symbiotic bacteria and non-pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, regulating immunity to facilitate the development of the host adaptive immune system, and producing enzymes and acids to promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary addition of Bacillus can reduce weight loss and backfat loss of sows during lactation, reduce the occurrence rate of perinatal metabolic syndrome of sows, and increase the birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain of piglets. In this paper, the research progress on the action mechanism of Bacillus probiotics and its influence on the growth performance and health of sows and piglets in recent years were reviewed, which provided a reference for better use of Bacillus in livestock and poultry production practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein mulberry is a new mulberry variety bred by manual screening and hybridization, which has been defined as a functional feed. Protein mulberry has high protein content, rich amino acid content, good palatability, potential ecological value and feed value, and has broad development prospects. Compared with fresh feeding and hay feeding, mulberry silage has great advantages. With the gradual improvement of protein mulberry silage processing technology, it is found that adding some feed additives such as sugars, fungus preparations, enzyme preparations, etc. to silage can better make protein mulberry silage successful. Protein mulberry can improve the growth performance, immunity and antioxidant function of animals, and improve meat quality and egg quality. This paper reviews the nutritional value, processing and utilization of protein mulberry, and its application in animal feed, which provides a reference for the application of protein mulberry in feed processing and animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal husbandry in northern China has great development potential, but the continuous low temperature in winter can easily cause cold stress response of ruminants, which leads to the reduction of ruminant performance, immunity, antioxidant, and other functions, and causes huge losses to animal production. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanism of cold stress and its regulation technology for the healthy development of animal husbandry in northern China. The paper reviews the mechanism of cold stress in ruminants, as well as the research progress on the production performance, physiological immunity and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of ruminants, and proposes the regulation technology related to cold stress, so as to provide a reference for the research on cold stress in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of exogenous salicylic acid soaking treatment on millet germination and seedling growth under PEG stress, Jizajinmiao NO. 1 millet was used as the test material, and the effects of five salicylic acid concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) on the seed germination process and seedling growth of millet under 20% PEG treatment were determined by Petri dish filter paper method. The results showed that with the increase of salicylic acid concentration, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of millet seeds showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and when the concentration of salicylic acid was 150 mg/L, all the indexes reached the maximum, which were 95.33%, 90.67%, 1.12, and 39.22, respectively, which were 1.22, 1.30, 1.36, and 2.12 times that of the distilled water control group (the alicylic acid concentration was 0 mg/L). The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of millet seeds under PEG stress were higher than those of the PEG control treatment (the salicylic acid concentration was 0 mg/L and 20% PEG solution was added), the salicylate concentration increased first and then decreased with the increase of salicylate concentration, and the indexes reached the maximum when the salicylic acid concentration was 150 mg/L. With the increase of salicylic acid concentration, root length, plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline content, and peroxidase (POD) activity of foxtail millet seedlings increased first and then decreased, while the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The results showed that the salicylic acid had a significant effect on seed germination and seedling growth of millet under drought stress, and the better treatment effect was achieved when the concentration of salicylic acid was 150 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drastic price fluctuation of pig industry chain is not only related to the vital interests of consumers, but also has an important impact on the long-term development of pig industry. Based on 161 monthly sample data from 2009 to 2022, using the VAR model, this paper explores the influencing factors of price fluctuation of pig industry chain from two levels: The main product prices of pig industry chain, upstream link and middle-down stream link. The research shows that the price fluctuation of pig industry chain is most affected by the prices of its main products, and the prices of main products in the first 10 periods still have 61.835 8% influence on the price fluctuation of pig industry chain in the current month. From the upstream link of industrial chain, rice bran price, soybean price and wheat bran price can all have a significant impact on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain, and the impact of rice bran price in the first 10 periods on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain in the current month is 39.783 8%. From the middle-down stream link of the industrial chain, inflation level and farm scale have a great influence on the price fluctuation of pig industrial chain. Research has shown that the price fluctuations in the pig industry chain are easily influenced by factors such as the prices of its main products, rice bran, soybeans, wheat bran, inflation levels, and farm scale. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the price fluctuation warning mechanism and enhance the regulation of circulation and operation links to promote the stable development of the pig market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-quality development of the feed industry is the basis for ensuring the stability and quality safety of the food supply chain, and it is also an important part of building modem animal husbandry power and an agricultural power. Based on the mesoscopic level, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of five dimensions: Product quality, production efficiency, industrial structure, green development, and scientific and technological innovation, and uses the entropy weight method evaluation model to measure the high-quality development level in the feed industry. It is found that from 2012 to 2021, the level of high-quality development in the feed industry has significantly improved, and it exhibits obvious stage characteristics. In the sub-dimension of high-quality development of the feed industry, product quality, production efficiency, green development, and scientific and technological innovation have developed rapidly, but the industrial structure has shown a slight downward trend. Accordingly, it is necessary to formulate a training plan for quality inspection talent, create an innovation chain to achieve 'both quantity and quality' in feed products, promote green production models to empower carbon reduction and efficiency improvement, increase R&D investment, drive intelligent operation, and further empower the high-quality development of the feed industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imprinting technology is a technology that simulates the interaction between enzymes, substrates, antigens and antibodies, and specifically identifies imprinted molecules, which can specifically identify templates or analogues, and is often used in the pretreatment of analytical samples for efficient extraction and purification of samples. Macrolides are one of the commonly used antibiotics in animal husbandry, which are widely used in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in livestock and poultiy, but non-standard use may lead to residues in the production of animal products and the environment, posing a threat to human health. The paper reviews the research progress of molecular imprinting technology for the detection of macrolide drag residues, focusing on the introduction of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction and magnetic molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction, and prospects for the application of molecular imprinting technology in the pretreatment of macrolide drag residue analysis, so as to provide reference for optimi方ng the pretreatment method of macrolide antibiotics detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zearalenone （ZEA） is one of the common mycotoxins in feed, which mainly affects the reproductive system, gastrointestinal function, immune system, and cell viability of pigs. When pigs ingest ZEA-contaminated feed, it is easy to cause abortion in sows, abnormal sperm motility in boars, intestinal dysfunction and intestinal inflammation, reduce immune function and inflammatory reactions in liver, kidneys, and other organs, and cause abnormal cell proliferation, oxidative damage and other cytotoxicity, resulting in serious losses to pig breeding industiy. The paper introduces the physicochemical properties of ZEA, the limit standard in cereal feed, and the main metabolic process in pigs. The clinical harm and possible pathogenic mechanism of ZEA to pigs are emphatically expounded by the aspects of reproductive toxicity, intestinal toxicity, immunotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The main methods to reduce the toxicity of ZEA and the prevention and control measures are put forward, which provide references for promoting the healthy development of pig industry and ensuring the safety of feed and meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata is a common Chinese herbal medicine, which is often used to treat colds and fevers, sore throats, sores on the mouth and tongue, etc. Andrographis paniculata has a variety of chemical components, including esters, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Andrographis paniculata contains a variety of chemical components, including esters, flavonoids and alkaloids, etc., and exhibits a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral. Andrographis paniculata as a feed additive can improve animal immunity, promote the growth and development of poultry, improve the quality of animal products, and prevent and treat animal diseases, in this paper, the main active components extraction methods of Andrographis paniculata, their biological activities function and their application in animal production were reviewed, in order to provide references for the application of Andrographis paniculata in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guanidinoacetic acid （GAA） is ail important precursor of creatine synthesis in vertebrates, and is also a new nutritional feed additive. Due to its good cost performance and bioavailability, as well as its more stable characteristics than creatine, guanidinoacetic acid has gradually become a substitute for creatine in animal feed, and has been widely used in the animal husbandry industry at home and abroad. In animal production, the role of guanidine acetic acid is mainly reflected in improving energy supply, saving arginine, promoting body growth, improving rumen environment, promoting rumen fermentation, and improving meat quality, etc., which has brought good economic benefits to the aquaculture industry. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of guanidine glycolic acid, the metabolic process of guanidine glycolic acid, the biological function of guanidine glycolic acid, and the effects of guanidine glycolic acid on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, mutton quality, and other aspects of sheep production in sheep breeding were reviewed, in order to provide a reference for further application of the guanidine glycolic acid in ruminant sheep production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of banning antibiotics in feed and reducing antibiotics in veterinary drugs, finding green, safe, and efficient alternatives to feed antibiotics is a hot issue in sheep farming at present. Microecological preparation is a kind of non-toxic, residue-free, non-resistant and green biologically active preparation, which has the functions of regulating the microecological balance of the intestinal tract, improving the intestinal barrier, improving the immunity, enhancing the antioxidant function, and facilitating the digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is one of the ideal alternatives to antibiotics, and it is widely used in the production of livestock and poultry. In recent years, the research and application of microecological agents in sheep production have also made great progress, and have been proved to play a positive role in the growth performance, meat quality, immune function, and antioxidant function of sheep. In this paper, the mechanism of micro-ecological agents and their application in sheep production are discussed comprehensively, aiming to provide a reference for the micro-ecological agents rational application and development in sheep production, and to further promote the efficient and healthy development of sheep farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus licheniformis is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, acid resistance, enzyme production, and antibacterial substances, which can improve the growth performance of broilers, improve immune performance, promote intestinal development and regulate intestinal flora, prevent and control diseases such as chicken necrotizing enteritis and coccidiosis, and has the potential to replace antibiotics. The paper reviewed the effects of Bacillus Hcheniformis on the growth performance, immune function, antioxidant performance, intestinal development, and microbial composition of broilers, as well as the prevention and control effects of necrotizing enteritis and coccidiosis, and summarized the appropriate dosage of Bacillus Hcheniformis, in order to provide a reference for the application of Bacillus Hcheniformis in broiler production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roughage plays an important role in maintaining ruminant health and improving performance. Roughage is fermented and degraded by microorganisms in the rumen into substances that can be absorbed and utilized, which can maintain the normal life activities of the body. Rumen health can be maintained by stimulating rumination, saliva secretion, and rumen development in animals. Inadequate roughage intake can lead to gastrointestinal damage, nutrient deficiencies, reduced performance, and behavioral abnormalities in ruminants. The differences in tissue structure and nutrient composition of different roughages will affect the nutrient digestion, nitrogen utilization and metabolism of ruminants. Therefore, different roughage sources in the diet are key factors affecting rumen function and performance. In this paper, the quality of roughage from different sources and its effects on ruminant microorganisms, body metabolism, and production performance were reviewed, and the mechanism of action was elaborated, so as to provide a reference for the rational utilization of roughage in ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn is one of the main energy raw materials in ruminant breeding and production. The digestibility of corn in ruminants is related to the utilization rate of feed, production performance and economic benefits of breeding. At present, the steam flakeing process is an ideal processing technology for corn, which can improve the digestibility of corn starch, improves the gelatinization degree and emergy value of corn starch, and thus improves the feeding value of corn. Steam-flaked corn can regulate the rumen fermentation function of ruminants, improve growth performance, improve meat quality, and then increase breeding profits. Therefore, this paper summarized the processing technology, nutritional value of steam-flaked corn and its influence on ruminant production performance, in order to provide some references for the efficient utilization of steam-flaked corn in ruminant breeding and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of Chinese-style modernization, building a modern livestock industry system is a crucial element in advancing the construction of a modern industrial system and holds significant importance for achieving the modernization of industries in China. At the current stage, the comprehensive production capacity of the livestock industry continues to grow, the organizational structure of the industry continues to optimize, and the level of industrial agglomeration continues to rise, laying a solid practical foundation for constructing a modern livestock industry system. From a dynamic perspective, key drivers for constructing the livestock industry system include the upgrading of market demand, policy support for livestock, and the driving force of digital technology. The paper is proposed to orient development towards 'green' practices, constructing an ecological system for the modern livestock industry, to be guided by 'smart' development, constructing an organizational system for the modern livestock industry through digital technologies, and to leverage 'innovation' as a focal point, constructing a chain system for the modern livestock industry. The goal is to provide reference for accelerating the construction of a modern livestock industry system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campylobacter can adhere to different host surfaces, has the ability to form biofilms, is highly invasive to different hosts, and has strong survival ability in the external environment. Adding probiotics to diet can prevent Campylobacter infection. Probiotics can increase the number of host intestinal microorganisms, resist pathogen colonization, and exert probiotic effect by producing short-chain fatty acids. Probiotics can also reduce intestinal inflammation, thus reducing the severity of Campylobacter infection. This paper summarizes the research results of anti-Campylobacter probiotics in poultry production, discusses the antibacterial mechanism of anti-Campylobacter probiotics, and provides a reference for the research on the production practice of anti-Campylobacter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented feed has the advantages of green, safety, good palatability, promoting growth, enhancing immunity, reducing cost and increasing efficiency, etc. It can be used as an antibiotic substitute in animal production. In this paper, the common strains, classification, quality evaluation, physiological function of fermented feed, and the effect of fermented feed in animal production were summarized, the existing problems and solutions of fermented feed at present were analyzed, and the development trend of fermented feed was prospected, which provided references for the wider application of fermented feed in animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bile acids are important regulatory substances in glycolipid metabolism, which play the role of emulsifying fat, promoting nutrient absorption, improving intestinal microbial composition, and regulating immune system. Bile acids can affect the body's glycolipid metabolism by regulating fat absorption in the intestine, cholesterol excretion, and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. In addition, bile acids can also affect the sensitivity and secretion of insulin in animals, which can have an impact on blood glucose levels and insulin resistance. At present, bile acids have been well studied in terms of synthesis mechanism and diseases, but their application in animal production is still relatively small. In addition to the traditional promotion of emulsification absorption of fat, bile acids also have significant effects in improving production performance, protecting intestinal health, relieving heat stress, and protecting liver. In this paper, the synthesis and regulation of bile acids, their effects on glycolipid metabolism, and their application in animal production were reviewed in order to provide a reference for further development and utilization of bile acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural forage silage can effectively preserve the nutritional value of natural forage and solve the problem of insufficient green and fresh forage in autumn and winter. Silage additives can improve the quality of natural forage silage, increase the utilization rate of natural forage silage resources and the digestibility of animals, inhibit the activities of harmful microorganisms, and improve the palatability of natural forage silage. In this paper, the types and functional characteristics of silage additives and their regulatory effects on sensory properties, fermentation quality, nutritional components, microbial diversity and aerobic stability of natural forage silage in recent years were summarized, in order to provide a reference for preparing high-quality natural forage silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimentally selecting the import prices of soybean meal raw materials from January 2017 to February 2022, spanning a total of 62 monthly periods, along with the prices of the feed industry chain as samples, this study empirically investigates the impact of soybean meal raw material import price shocks on the volatility of feed industry chain prices by constructing a VAR model. The Granger causality effect indicates that the impact of soybean meal raw material import price shocks on the volatility of feed industry chain prices has a lag effect. The impulse response suggests that when the soybean meal raw material import price experiences a positive shock of one standard deviation, the feed industry chain prices will show a 0.001 3 response starting from the second period and exhibit a sustained upward trend, reaching its peak in the 10th period. The results of the shock cycle test reveal that changes in soybean meal raw material import prices have a significantly positive impact on subsequent fluctuations in feed industry chain prices, indicating that soybean meal raw material import price shocks play a driving role in the upward movement of feed industry chain prices. Variance decomposition data results indicate that during the period of volatility in feed industry chain prices, the feed industry chain prices themselves play a dominant role, with the contribution rate showing a trend of first declining and then rising. At the same time, the impact of soybean meal raw material import price shocks on the volatility of feed industry chain prices exhibits a certain lag period, becoming evident from the third period and peaking in the 9th period, followed by a downward trend. In the paper, the recommendations are made to enhance technical support for industry cultivation, rational planning of feed planting areas, and optimization of the feed industry's supply security mechanism, providing valuable reference for stabilizing feed industry prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, plant extracts have been widely used in the animal husbandry because of their naturalness, low toxicity and minimal residue. Green tea is a kind of traditional drink. The polyphenols contained in the green tea have many pharmacological activities. EGCG is the main abundant phenolic active substance in the green tea polyphenols, and it is also one of the main active components of catechin that plays a pharmacological role. EGCG has various biological functions such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-parasitic and enhancing immunity, and can inhibit cyanobacteria bloom and regulate water quality. It has broad application prospects in the aquaculture. In the paper, the properties, extraction technology, biological function and research progress of EGCG in aquaculture are reviewed, aiming to provide further reference for the application of EGCG in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]