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Literature has demonstrated that online reviews from tourism-specific websites and other electronic channels (e.g., TripAdvisor) do influence tourists' decisions in all aspects. At this global era, it is relatively important to analyse the eWOM related research for obtaining more in-depth understanding and applications to this new mode of communication. The total of 110 SSCI-listed research articles related to eWOM studies since 2004 was retrieved from 18 refereed journals, all of which listed in the Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. By conducting content analysis approach, all research papers were systematically reviewed and analysed which generate 18 significant topical issues. As this review paper tries to retrospect and discuss the development and influential factors of eWOM, the study unveils the application in the hospitality industry and research opportunities for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the relationship between tourism, energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, and CO2 emissions for 20 economies of the APEC region from 1995 to 2017. This paper employs cross-sectional dependence with heterogeneous panel estimation techniques. The data confirms cross-sectional dependence, and the CIPS panel unit root test shows that the variables are stationary at their first differences. The Westerlund panel cointegration test affirms a long-run relationship among the variables. Tourism and trade openness have significant positive effects on CO2 emissions while economic growth and energy consumption adversely affect CO2 emissions in the long-run. The panel non-causality test reveals that there is a one-way causality running from tourism to CO2 emissions and economic growth to CO2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors specifically frame tourists' decision making using Schmoll's tourism consumer choice model and propose spiritual tourism experiences as alternatives to drug use along the Hummus Trail. A review of research into social tourism: Launching the annals of tourism research curated collection on social tourism. The maturing field of tourism research has also birthed affiliated research streams such as tourism geographies, tourism economics, and tourism and medical interventions (e.g. Wen et al., [17]). The tourism and hospitality industry has earned global recognition thanks to its unprecedented growth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents an overview of the most cited papers in all the journals indexed in the Web of Science in the tourism, leisure and hospitality fields through a bibliometric approach. The paper presents several lists with the most cited papers and the publication and citation structure of the last decades in the tourism, leisure and hospitality fields. It also analyzes how the main topics and keywords have changed in these areas in order to raise awareness of the topics and keywords that will predominate in the research in these fields over the next years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore how the experiences of international volunteer tourists can contribute to the rejuvenation of the concept of pilgrimage in the contemporary world. Through thematic analysis of the individual portraits, this paper identifies the intertwining of the rejuvenation of pilgrimage with the concepts of meaning, ritual, and transformative experiences within the context of international volunteer tourism. The findings suggest that the current understanding of pilgrimage in contemporary tourism surpasses the notion of a journey to a religious destination, transcending religion itself. This paper extends the comprehension of modern pilgrimage and spirituality, and highlights the necessity for further research into the complex interconnections between tourism, religion, and spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates chain hotel employees in Sweden and their ability to work against sex trafficking. Using ten semi-structured interviews, the research asks questions about employee's relationships with external stakeholders (the police, booking channels, non-profit organizations, and competitors) and macroenvironmental factors (political and legal factors, economic, socio-cultural and health). The findings highlight that lack of communication, cooperation and autonomy hinder chain hotel employee's ability to recognize and prevent sex trafficking. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better interdisciplinary engagement to help eliminate sex trafficking within the tourism and hospitality industries and reiterates the call for actionable outcomes that empower chain hotel employees to work with external stakeholders to find viable solutions to help stop sex trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive attitudes towards cannabis consumption have resulted in many countries decriminalizing its use. South Africa is only the third African country to liberalize the recreational consumption of cannabis, potentially raising both societal concerns and economic opportunities for the country, including the development of cannabis tourism. This paper synthesizes the contemporary literature – drawing on experiences and best practices associated with cannabis decriminalization and its moral regulation within tourism. With reference to effectively balancing the economic benefits of cannabis decriminalization versus its contentious social ramifications, the paper is a concerted effort to identify actionable and socially grounded solutions to sustainably managing the cannabis decriminalization-tourism nexus for the government and tourism practitioners in African tourism destinations such as South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India as a country is known for its unique culture, heritage, temple style, variety of rivers and wildlife. On the basis of its tourism resources and attractions, tourism in India can broadly be classified into cultural and heritage tourism, eco and sustainable tourism, religious/pilgrimage tourism, wildlife and nature-based tourism, medical tourism, leisure and beach tourism, MICE and event tourism, creative tourism, etc. If India is to appreciate the enormous tourism potential, it must position its exclusive world-class tourism products and destinations to compete for a larger share of the global tourism market. [Extracted from the article]

The initial idea of the Asia Pacific Tourism Association (APTA) was first originated by Hai-Sik Sohn, Professor emeritus of Dong-A University, Korea with reputable scholars in the Asia Pacific Region. The APTA's accomplishments are all credited to considerable efforts the national representatives of APTA made in the region and support of APTA members have shown. The late Dr Sohn (1940-2016) was the founder of APTA who had made significant contributions to APTA while serving as its Inaugural President between 1995 and 2005. [Extracted from the article]

This study used an interdisciplinary approach to examine what tourism researchers have done by analyzing all full-length articles published in Annals of Tourism Research (ATR) from 1973 to 2006. During the study, the research topics of the included articles in ATR were identified using an interdisciplinary approach, and generated 20 research topic categories. The study also identified six categories of regional focus. After that, the research topics and regional focus of each included article were analyzed. Among the 20 research topics, Sociology and Cultural Issue was found as the most popular research category, which was followed by Psychology and Tourists Behavior Issue, Economics of Tourism, Resort Development and Planning, and Heritage and Environment Issue. Apparently, tourism research in ATR follows an interdisciplinary approach, and this approach is valued in the study and research of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the literature on distance decay in urban and rural tourism. Through a systematic literature review, this paper aims to understand the current state of knowledge regarding distance decay in tourism including (1) reveal the main topics and domains, (2) variables applied in past studies, while simultaneously distinguishing them in the form of urban and rural tourism as well as (3) identify potential areas and gaps for future studies. The findings indicate a growing interest among tourism researchers to examine distance decay, with studies predominantly focusing more on urban tourism than rural tourism. Additionally, this review recommends future studies to investigate distance decay in crisis and disaster management for future study regardless of urban or rural tourism settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapidly emerging development of technology-mediated tourism experiences and place-based digital services for visitors, there is a lack of awareness regarding the spatial implications of technological implementations. Based on a participatory action research method applied in this study on five research-based destination development projects in Sweden, we propose a spatially sensible approach when developing enhanced experiences for visitors through digital technology. This paper is motivated by the emerging criticism of how media technology is shaping and reshaping spaces. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of the growing field of geomedia studies, we propose "geomedia sensibility" as a way to offer a sensible approach in the co-creation of digital experiences at destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses reports within the issue on topics including the motivation and involvement in international tourism, the tourism behavior of retirees, and the evolution of social responsibility of business (CSR) in tourism.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse, on the basis of information gathered from 3,048 questionnaires, the factors which determine the daily expenditure in the destination of tourists in 14 emerging urban-cultural destinations in Andalusia (Spain), using an OLS regression model. The results confirm that tourist expenditure is explained by a set of factors related to the socio-economic profile of the tourist, the characteristics of the trip, the activities of the tourist in the destination and the degree of satisfaction with the destination. Knowledge of these aspects allows tourism policy to be oriented towards maximizing the revenue generated by the tourist in the urban-cultural destinations analysed, which are in the first stages of their life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on Professor Neil Leiper and his contribution to the academic field of tourism. Topics discussed include the book "Tourism Management" by him, the publication of his first academic paper in the "Annals of Tourism Research" periodical, and the review of John Urry's book "The Tourist Gaze" by Leiper. Also mentioned are his works on partial industrialization in tourism, and the citation of his works.

The horizon of heritage tourism research has been expanding in tandem with the rapidly growing heritage tourism industry. The paper aims to accentuate the innovative concepts, patterns of scientific contribution, and emerging research arena using knowledge domain visualization software—CiteSpace. Analysis of the data set revealed seven active clusters. The sub-areas lately in focus are sustainable tourism activities, integration of heritage in urban planning, and local communities' perspectives. Future research may be conducted in evolving areas like heritage tourism around volcanic regions, analyzing indigenous people's psychological constructs towards involvement in heritage tourism, and promoting international festivals in heritage places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at a conference ENTER2017 held on January 23-27, 2017 organized by the International Federation for Information Technologies and Travel & Tourism (IFITT) on the importance of sustainability of creativity and culture. Topics include electronic tourism (eTourism), the role of wearable technologies and social media in tourism, and big data and personalization.

The tourism industry is fragile as it is prone to numerous risks such as the outbreak of deadly viruses, and natural and human-made disasters. These risks have a significant impact on tourists' decisions when choosing a destination and while in a destination. This paper investigates the risks perceived by Australian tourists and how these risks affect their intention to revisit the Pacific Island Country of Fiji. Through a quantitative survey with 301 tourists, augmented by qualitative interviews conducted among management of hotels, as well as the DMO, the results show that tourists continue to perceive Fiji as a relatively safe destination however there are increased in the perceptions of risk concerning disease risk and financial risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although social media studies in tourism are increasingly important, little is known about factors influencing intention of sharing tourism experiences in social media. Tourists are unwilling to share experiences as much as tourism business expected. Thus, this article aims to identify the relevant theories and influencing factors through Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The paper reviews 31 hospitality and tourism articles published until June 2021. As there is a lack of widely used theory, a model combining the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Technology Acceptance Model is proposed. The study highlights the influencing factors of sharing tourism experiences in social media from different perspectives with an integrated model and provides implications for researchers and destination managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper builds on Shift-Share analysis and aims to provide a methodological framework for studying the inequalities of Greek regions in the tourism industry. The method applied to yearly data of overnight stays, both for foreigners, and domestic visitors, for the periods 2003–2008, 2008–2013, 2013–2018, and results showing that disparities among Greek regions are generally very large for the tourism industry. The overall analysis is a useful tool for tourism management and regional policy. The paper advances Shift-Share analysis to be used as a tool of region classification, and it incorporates one-way ANOVA to examine the relationship between the inequalities concerns the policies from the last development law and tourism specialization in Greek regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the 22nd Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism, held at the University of Houston in Texas on January 5-7, 2017, is presented. The three-day event was co-hosted by the Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The event featured chairman Kaye Chon, who welcomed delegates and spoke on the conference objectives for tourism and hospitality industry.

Tourism demand is influenced by many factors including price-related variables like exchange rate. This paper aims to examine the influence of the exchange rate increase on the domestic tourism demand of Iran. To this end, the social accounting matrix is modified to incorporate domestic tourism as a distinct sector, and is fed into a CGE model. The results show domestic tourism demand is decreased for all households after a 50% increase in the exchange rate. However, the export of many sectors is improved. Inbound tourism, proxied by hotel sector, is also increased. The consequences of the exchange rate increase are not homogenous in all sectors, and it is recommended to study all aspects in exchange rate policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the 7th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure held on June 3-8 2014 in Istanbul, Turkey is presented. The event included distinguished keynote speakers, interesting paper presentations, inspiring plenary sessions and engaging social activities. The keynote speaker includ Metin Kozak.

The purpose of the paper is to apply the Slutsky equation to the Bass diffusion model to examine the price and income elasticities of hotel demand in different tourist destinations including cultural, commercial, and coastal cities. The sample was a set of 120 points by ex-post data from the Smith Travel Research in Vietnam. Findings indicate the price in a leisure destination in the beginning of the tourist area life cycle is inelastic, whereas the prices in the business and culture destinations at the end of the cycle are elastic. This study identifies the hidden cost when demand increases in the three destinations, ultimately allowing hoteliers to effectively strategize when making price changes within their industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents residents' perspectives on the impacts of party tourism in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from local stakeholders via surveys (n = 193) and semi-structured interviews (n = 23). Survey results demonstrate that party tourism's economic benefits do not outweigh the social costs, which was surprising given the early stage of tourism development. Findings also suggest that older generations and those uninvolved in the industry perceived party tourism impacts more negatively than younger and economically reliant respondents. Semi-structured interviews elaborated on resident perspectives and lead to recommended pathways for mitigating negative party tourism impacts and also validate the need for a better understanding of the role of party tourism in destination development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intersection between circulatory migratory travel and connections to the ancestral home constitutes diaspora tourism. Where there is a growing body of literature on diaspora tourism, the tendency has been to focus on demand side interactions and omit supply side perspectives. Using a conceptual framework underpinned by demand and supply side analyses, this paper provides a more comprehensive examination of diaspora tourism, focusing on tourism flows between the Guyanese diaspora in Toronto and their homeland. The study employs a mixed-method approach and the results show that there are significant misalignments between demand and supply that need to be addressed if Guyana is to reap optimal benefits from its largest visitor segment, the diaspora market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 28th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism was successfully hosted by the Collins College of Hospitality Management at Cal Poly Pomona, Los Angeles, California, on 6-7 January 2023. During the panel discussion, these editors shared valuable thoughts with graduate students, academic faculty and industry professionals about the prospects in the hospitality and tourism industry and the evolution of hospitality and tourism research. [Extracted from the article]

The emergence of social media has created a new medium for administering surveys for tourism research. While social media has great potential for tourism researchers, several aspects need to be considered. In the case of backpackers, a traditionally "difficult-to-sample" group, destination-based surveys, email surveys, survey links posted in online forums, and social media sites such as Facebook have all been used to administer surveys. The purpose of this paper is to present the case for a mixed-mode dual-frame sampling procedure as an optimum for targeting backpackers. The sampling procedure discussed in this paper included self-administered surveys through backpacker-specific groups on Facebook.com and self-administered surveys at backpacker hostels in Cairns, Australia. This paper argues that for this particular group, combining offline and online sampling modes allows the research to minimize errors while maximizing the diversity. Additionally, this paper provides some insights and recommendations into administering surveys through Facebook for tourism researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pursuing the first RESNET conference model, an innovation was introduced in this conference, consisting of a call for an idea development and competition sessions judged by Antonia Correia, Levent Altinay, Marina Novelli, and Metin Kozak. The 2 SP nd sp Tourism and Hospitality Networking Conference (RESNET) was held from 6 to 10 September, in Istanbul, Turkey, organized by Kadir Has University (Turkey), University of Algarve (Portugal), and University of Wisconsin-Stout (U.S.A). [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the spending literature in the field of hospitality and tourism management to achieve a better understanding of the evolution of this stream. The paper uses a bibliometric approach and is based on 124 papers published in seven leading hospitality and tourism journals from 1990 to 2011. The findings have revealed that the weight of spending literature appeared less than expected. The amount of spending research was primarily published in tourism journals, and in particular in the Journal of Tourism Research, followed by Annals of Tourism Research. In contrast, hospitality journals contributed marginally to the debate. Two fields of analysis emerge as primary research areas: determinants of tourist expenditures and measurement of economic impacts. The former stream contains a large number of research studies. The sample is primarily composed of empirical papers, while theoretical work remains at a consistently low level. Empirical evidences are primarily related to North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is abundant scientific literature on tourist expenditure and the factors which determine spending. The purpose of this paper is to systematize, present and analyze the results obtained from a comprehensive review of scientific literature on the variables that affect tourist expenditure for different tourism typologies. It has been possible to discover which factors influence expenditure in the different types of destination, which is of enormous interest for two reasons. Firstly, research opportunities have been identified with respect to the variables and types which have not been closely studied. Secondly, this research will facilitate decisions by policymakers and destination managers, providing information about the factors which generate greater spending and which are those that they should act to strengthen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The senior tourism segment has acquired vital importance in the tourism industry and is characterized by longer stays, less seasonality and greater spending than other segments. There are, therefore, unexploited business opportunities with this kind of visitor. The purpose of this paper is to identify the link between the business opportunities within the framework of senior tourism and several factors linked to the hotel and catering and services industry. This research focuses on the Region of Murcia on the Spanish Mediterranean coast and analyses the factors that affect greater entrepreneurship level in this region. The results confirm that the environment, social and commercial networks and sustainability have significant effects on the recognition of opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to develop a theoretical perspective to better understand senior tourist behaviour. The perspective is guided by concepts from research on senior tourism, goal theory of leisure travel satisfaction, and socio-emotional selectivity theory. It examines four central principles: (1) selecting leisure travel goals that have high levels of positive valence, (2) selecting leisure travel goals that are very likely to be attained, (3) engaging in actions that would implement leisure travel goals, and (4) engaging in actions that would allow tourists to experience goal attainment. We describe these theoretical principles and sub-principles in relation to senior tourists to build a research agenda to encourage future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to research the main travel-related concerns that senior tourists face when planning a leisure trip. The study comprises 470 tourists, aged 55 or over, who visited the Azores and aims to determine the importance attributed to travel-related concerns and to investigate whether there is an association between socio-demographic characteristics, physical limitations, perceived economic performance, and social status and these concerns. It also intends to identify distinct market segments according to these variables. A quantitative approach allows concluding that senior tourists attach higher importance to the food supply, comfortable accommodation, and climate. Senior tourists are not a uniform market: three clusters were found, which have implications in product planning and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial sought to highlight the relevance and potential of the senior tourism market; discuss shortcomings related to current aged-based segmentation approaches; and highlight the contributions made by each of the nine papers of this Special Issue on Senior Tourism. This editorial updated relevant data related to the senior tourism market, emphasizing todays characteristics of this segment. It points also directions for future research and concludes that this special issue makes a significant contribution to senior tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the Sixteenth Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference in Hospitality and Tourism held January 6-8, 2011 in Houston, Texas is presented. Topics include the study of hospitality and tourism, tourism consumption, and definition of tourist or tourism. The conference featured a presentation from Dr. Cynthia Deale of the International Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (I-CHRIE).

Applying a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination. With international tourism becoming a profitable market, the economic benefit of film- and drama-induced tourism should not be overlooked (Dean & Suhartanto, [3]; Kim et al., [13]). The findings conversed some great lengths and provided substantial contributions to investigating the effects of travel motivation and viewers' intention to travel to TV drama locations within the Malaysian market context. [Extracted from the article]

Figure 1(a) shows that rural counties with hurricanes ( I Mdn i = -2%) experience more negative impacts than rural counties without hurricanes ( I Mdn i = 0). This paper contributes to the tourism resilience research by (1) using data analysis to understand the differential impacts of hurricanes on tourism subsectors and subregions; (2) uncovering the vulnerability of tourism subsectors; and (3) developing new insight for tourism resilience strategies. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses various papers published in this issue including one by Ulas and Anadol on medical tourism in Turkey, one by Sutton on tourism in the United Arab Emirates, and one by Butler and Paris on the online community.

Heritage tourism has been growing over the last few years, especially in cities that have been declared World Heritage Sites. This paper presents research that investigates the motivations for tourists to visit Cuenca. Fieldwork was used to create a predictive model to determine visitor satisfaction considering the motivations and the attributes of the city. Furthermore, the paper analyses the attributes a heritage site should have if it is to create a sustainable tourist destination which combines culture and economic growth. The results show that although overall satisfaction with visits to the city is high, tourists enjoy other interesting aspects that should be taken into consideration in order to improve the city’s image as a cultural destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss is a universal human experience that every person encounters. In our life journey, loss may come in many forms including suffering the death of a loved one, living with chronic illness, disabilities, separation, being abused, unemployment, and there are many other losses. These changes signal the reality of significant losses, which are often viewed negatively, affecting an individual’s experiences and inclination to travel. Many scholars neglect that, for some, loss can prompt positive reflection of their own mortality, existence and purpose, which may reshape their travel experiences. This paper aims to critically review these issues within the tourism literature to ascertain how loss is conceptualized and understood in relation to its influence on travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how the “alpha male” of the tourism academy tribe is imagined in celebratory contexts. The tradition is interesting from a gender perspective, in that the majority of celebratory portraits found in tourism research journals are those of male scholars. Whether this is regarded as a coincidence or a consequence of the resilience of a glass ceiling, it is interesting to investigate how these “alpha males” and their academic lifeworks are described, characterized, and presented. The paper contains a quantitative description and qualitative analysis of the portraits published in Anatolia. In particular, we apply philosopher Stephen Pepper’s root metaphors of formism, organicism, mechanism, contextualism to examine how tourism research work in the world is imagined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introductory essay argues for the adoption of feminist epistemologies to unpack the role, nature and effects of gender (in) equality in our tourism academy. Our focus on tourism academia recognizes the importance of tourism to social life and the crucial role that tourism academics play in knowledge production. We therefore argue for a shift in the focus of extant gender research in tourism away from tourism as a phenomenon to ourselves as tourism academics. We provide an overview of the five papers in this special issue which explore the gendered nature of our academy in diverse contexts, ending with a call for greater self-reflexivity to achieve a more just and equitable tourism academy, thus benefiting both women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores resiliency theory by assessing the ability of communities to adapt and recover economically and socially after a natural disaster. Community resiliency describes the capacity of finding a new equilibrium that is strengthened from change. Resilience can be seen as a strategy to facilitate recovery after a trauma and can be used as a preventative measure to avoid undesired outcomes. Through a qualitative assessment of the HandMade in America programme in three rural communities in Western North Carolina, this paper draws attention to the facilitation of community capital, resulting in social and political networks that allowed these towns to rely on increases in tourism to rebound from the 2004 hurricanes season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 8th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure held from May 24-28, 2016 at the LaBlanche Island DeLuxe Hotel in Bodrum, Turkey. Topics discussed include a speech from Metin Kozak, the co-chairman of the conference, the pre-conference seminars on big data, and the papers on topics such as tourism marketing, tourist behaviour and tourism management.

Romanian spa resorts combine natural cure resources with beautiful landscapes and cultural and historical heritage. After the fall of the communist regime in 1989, most of the hospitality infrastructure remained the same, without any significant investment in upgrading the accommodation structures or treatment facilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the variables that predict the domestic tourism demand for spa resorts in Romania derived from the literature. The results suggest that the trigger factor to boost the domestic demand remains the tourism offer. Nevertheless, the development of spa tourism in Romania is still possible if some efforts are made, in order to reduce its dependency on the social insurance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced TCM and discussed post-COVID-19 domestic tourism market recovery through this frame to understand Chinese tourists' behaviour during COVID-19. In other words, although TCM practitioners will acknowledge patients' symptoms and empathize with their discomfort, practitioners also believe that disease is a friend - a reminder to reconsider one's lifestyle or way of thinking. According to the World Health Organization ([13]), the COVID-19 outbreak has led to more than 3.5 million cases worldwide and claimed 243,540 lives. A TCM practitioner's perspective: disease is a friend TCM practitioners believe that when a person is sick, their pain is real; however, illness is not an enemy. [Extracted from the article]

A biography of Abdul Kadir Haji Din, the professor at the Faculty of Tourism Management in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), is presented. He was born in Kampung Kunluang, Asun, Kedah near the Malaysia-Thai border on July 5, 1949 and studied at Sekolah Melayu Binjal. Particular focus is given to his academic background including teacher at the National University of Malaysia (UKM), his contributions in journals of tourism, and conducting conferences on the tourism industry of Malaysia.

The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint the role of place marketing in the fields of tourism, culture, and business, through the development of place marketing pilot plans (PMPPs) for two places in northern Europe: the city of Rostock in Germany and the region of Kainuu in Finland. Specifically, the analysis is based on the combination of two basic marketing models, the Ashworth & Voogd (1990) model and the Kotler et al. (1999) model, aiming to present a methodological tool that could be effective for the successful promotion of a place's image throughout its external environment. The data are provided from the INTERREG IIIc ProjectCultMark. The paper contributes to research in two ways: (a) by displaying an integrated methodological approach with specific phases of planning and supporting the image of a place, and (b) by amplifying current views according to which place marketing implementation is not simply an occasional procedure. The case studies used support the above arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Portfolio analysis is a well-researched area in management, particularly financial management. The key idea in portfolio analysis is that investors must consider their assets as a whole rather than individual. The principle of aggregating assets into a portfolio can be applied to the study of tourist market management in the tourism industry. This symbiosis is clearly beneficial since the tourism industry, which differs from many other economic activities, is subject to considerable instability of demand. Portfolio analysis can be an essential tool for tourist destinations in understanding, evaluating, and prioritizing the attractiveness of current and potential market segments, amid the heavily constrained marketing resources available. Extensive literature review shows that only a few scholars have suggested approaches of applying portfolio analysis to tourism. This paper aims to contribute to contemporary scholarship by suggesting a brand new portfolio analysis model to complement the existing ones, using the risk (fluctuation patterns of tourist arrivals) and return (per capita expenditure of tourists) relationship among multiple tourist-generating markets. Clear illustration is demonstrated by using the city of Macao as a case in point, a special administrative region of China, which has recently gained much international attention due to its gambling liberalization since the beginning of this century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]