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The amplification of acoustic wave generated by coupling between plasmons and acoustic phonons in piezoelectric semiconductor plasma is examined using quantum hydrodynamic model. The present study takes care of quantum effects like Fermi degenerate pressure and Bohm potential through quantum parameter- H. a modified dispersion relation is derived for evolution of acoustic wave by employing the linearization technique. An expression for gain coefficient of acoustic wave is obtained in terms of quantum parameter- H under collision dominated limit. The growth rate of the wave is analyzed by varying the parameters like doping concentration 0 n and angular frequency ω for different piezoelectric semiconductors. This study seeks its application in designing of many electronic devices such as acoustic wave amplifier, acousto-electric oscillators, acoustic filters etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining the viability of microbial cells during storage is required to commercialize the liquid organic fertilizer-based product. Various polymer additives can maintain the viability of microbial cells in liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) during storage. This study aimed to analyze the effect of polymer additives on the viability of Rhizobium japonicum RB2 in molasses-based liquid organic fertilizer during six months of storage. This experiment used glycerol 0.5% and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 0.5% as polymer additives. The treatments consisted of (i) LOF, (ii) LOF+PVP, (iii) LOF+Glycerol, and (iv) LOF+PVP+Glycerol. A completely randomized design with six replications was employed in this study. In addition to bacterial viability in the LOF, chemical properties (pH, total dissolved solids/TDS, and Brix) were also monitored. The results showed that the pH values in all treatments decreased, possibly due to increased organic acids secreted by bacteria. LOF+polymer additives showed higher bacterial viability than LOF without polymer additives. However, at six months of storage, the mean shelf life of the bacterial population decreased in all treatments from 7.40–8.39 log10 CFU/mL to 4.97–6.19 log10 CFU mL−1. The decrease in bacterial viability was related to the high TDS and Brix values in molasses-based LOF, which caused the bacteria to lose water through osmosis. The results indicate that adding polymer additives such as glycerol and PVP in high-sugar molasses-based LOF does not always positively affect bacterial viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biograss elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was generated from the genetic engineering process of elephant grass developed by the Bogor Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics. The research was conducted in the AIAT, Central Java experimental garden from January to December 2021, using two grass cultivars, namely Biograss RG 08 and RG 11. The grass cultivar RG08 had average clump number of 6 stems, plant height of 296.48 cm, 16 leaves, and 1.95 kg biomass/stem. The DM production was 472.36 tons/ha/year with a carrying capacity of 207 animal units (AU)/ha/year. The grass cultivar RG11 produced average clumps number of 8 stems, plant height of 355.93 cm, leaves number of 21 pieces, and biomass production of 3.76 kg/stem. The dry matter production of the grass was 1165.4 DM tons/ha/year with a carrying capacity of 511 AU/ha/year. Biograss grass is potentially very palatable because the stems are soft, and the stems and leaf axils are hairless. The grasses were also more tolerant of drought compared to Napier Pakchong. RG 11 cut at 90 day-olds contained: 6.97%, 4.79%, 51.65%, 7.92%, 0.09% and 0.15% of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, Ca and P, respectively. RG 08 cultivated at 70 days contained: 11.27% crude protein, 14.20% crude fat, 50.87% crude fiber, 12.00% ash, 0.29% Ca and 0.23% P. It is concluded that Biograss RG11 grass had higher productivity but lower quality in terms of nutrient contents compared to RG08. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of web design technology and the need to maintain the efficiency of design engineering in a way that meets quality standards and user needs, as well as the areas of specialization of these sites and how to use them, especially in the field of e-commerce, and the growing demand for e-commerce sites in all countries around the world There is lots of research to show how the UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagram phase fits into the software engineering lifecycle of designs for such commercial websites. The research was conducted using a prototype to implement the system development phase with the use of system design using UML, system building programming environments, HTM, CSS, Javascript, and MySQL database server as back-end storage for e-commerce applications. The system is set up so that the interface of the site is easy for people of all ages and backgrounds to use and enter the information needed for online reservations. It meets the purchasing and problem-solving needs of all users. Customer problems with these products that we display on our website have been through A group of vendors and users have tried out the site, and the prototype has been changed to meet the exact needs of the system. Also, the Internet of Things is used in developing this system. which uses SMS messages, was made with the help of the Internet of Things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh agricultural products can be a commodity that determines inflation in a country. The government as a regulator should be able to monitor the prices of strategic agricultural food products. Indonesia already has a national strategic food price monitoring system that is recorded. In this research, big data analysis is integrated with knowledge discovery in the database with an open government maturity model in the initial step. Various analytical techniques used are k-means, decision tree, naïve Bayes, recurrent neural network (RNN), regression, and model explanation. The study focuses on selling prices at the consumer level for strategic horticultural commodities such as red chili, cayenne pepper, shallot, and garlic. This study provides descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analysis models for strategic agricultural food products. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the k-means algorithm has a good performance in terms of price clustering compared to standard deviation. The diagnostic analysis results show that the amount of production and the price at the farmer affect the price level at the consumer. The decision tree is the best alternative algorithm for classification with an accuracy above 85%. The RNN model is the best model for predicting fluctuating prices with an accuracy rate above 96%. The results of the prescriptive analysis are presented in the form of a development plan to support sustainable farming. Integrating these methods can be used and developed for comprehensive big data analysis research in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct assessment of retention is extremely complex, both due to the many internal mechanisms that ensure the dynamics of the metal content, and due to the huge variety of organs, tissues, processes that ensure their redistribution, transport and accumulation. The content of metals in the accumulating body environment is an integral indicator that summarizes the multi-environment impact and takes into account all the ways in which metals enter the body. A complex neural network model of metal retention in the body was developed, including ensembles of neural network regression models that calculate the levels of metal retention, depending on the place of residence of adolescent children and intake not only with consumed drinking water, but also with inhaled air. As a result of the studies, a database of metal concentrations in the atmospheric air, consumed drinking water, blood and urine was formed, taking into account the physiological characteristics of the tested sensitive group of adolescent children, with targeted territorial reference of the analyzed samples. The simplified structure of the neural network regression model (reducing the number of inputs) gives sufficient accuracy, and the reduction of neural net works increases the adequacy of the models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, classification and parameter prediction problems in vibrating cracked nanobeams are considered. The size-dependent nonlocal elasticity theory developed by Eringen is applied. The crack is modelled as massless rotational and longitudinal spring which connects the adjacent segments of the nanobeam. The spring is introduced to take into account the additional strain energy caused by the presence of a crack. The databases of modal data for inverse problems are calculated numerically. The classification and regression problems are studied by k-nearest neighbors, decision trees, and random forest algorithms. The importance of features in patterns is studied as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As known previously that carbon coating and elemental doping on the electrode are able to increase battery's performance. In this case, some studies are necessary to confirm the quality of lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4, as a cathode material on lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Here we report the study of functional group, morphology, and magnetism of LiFePO4 by silicon doping at P site as much as 6% and carbon coating (henceforth called as LFP-Si) as a preliminary investigation to know the properties of LiFePO4 after elemental doping and carbon coating. Furthermore, the oxidation state and local geometric of the material studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are also being investigated in this report. The mixture of oxidation state of Fe ion (Fe2+/Fe3+) is found from the analysis result on the pre-edge region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analysis the internet pricing scheme model to maximize profits for ISPs (Internet Service Providers) by considering the utility function of Independent Goods. This study analyzes the types of flat-fee, usage-based, and two-part tariff pricing schemes for homogeneous consumers and heterogeneous consumers (high-end and low-end) and heterogeneous consumers (high-demand and low-demand). The pricing scheme model is then solved differentially by being applied to the local server data, SISFO traffic data. The results obtained are that ISPs will get maximum profit by implementing flat-fee, usage-based, and two-part tariff pricing schemes for homogeneous consumers. For high-end and low-end heterogeneous consumer types and high-demand and low-demand heterogeneous consumer types, the ISP will get maximum profit on the application of flat-fee, usage-based, and two-part tariff pricing schemes. However, ISPs will get the highest profit on homogeneous consumer types compared to the application of high-end and low-end heterogeneous consumer types and high-demand and low-demand heterogeneous consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the local wisdom of the sea tribes related to treatment which now has many challenges and differences with the early life of the sea tribes who still live in the sea. This study uses a qualitative method. The research was conducted by interview, field observation and literature study for 2 months. Informants were selected purposively. There are some local wisdoms in the treatment of sea tribes that are still being carried out, namely by means of spells or incantations and charms as well as natural ingredients. The treatment system in traditional society is a treatment system that is recognized and accepted because there are still bomo or shamans who are the beliefs of the marine tribal community. Moreover, during this way of treatment can really help cure various diseases. Even though there is already a known medical system, such as a midwife or public health cente, the community is still reluctant because of the distance and more costs involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a subset of VANET, providing communication between automobiles and roadside base stations. The network architecture changes fast since we know that cars travel at a high rate of speed. Thanks to its application, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has a bright future. Because of Inter Vehicular Communication, we may deploy VANET to ensure the safety and security of vehicular transportation. In addition, VANET implementation presents several problems. Much attention has been paid to Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), also known as vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside wireless communications. Various automakers, government organizations, and standards groups have formed national and worldwide VANET consortia in light of the technology's undeniable societal effect and potential to transform how we drive. The Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium, the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium, and Honda's Advanced Safety Vehicle Program are just a few examples that come to mind. A VANET is a vehicle-to-vehicle communication and sensing network that may provide passengers with a wide range of services, including enhanced safety and comfort, on-demand delivery of multimedia material, and other value-added services. This is the driving force behind VANET. Car-to-car communication may now take place at distances of up to tens of kilometers because of the interconnectedness of the vehicles. Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication are examples of VANETs. This document details a VANET implementation project that includes many applications. This model has a new smartphone-integrated driving safety program and a traffic light priority control technique to make room for emergency vehicles. Recent years have seen a flurry of activity in the field of vehicular ad hoc networking (VANETs). Academics and businesses alike are interested in VANETs because of their unique qualities, such as high dynamic topology and predictable mobility. In this study, we present a research viewpoint on the significant elements of VANETs. After a brief introduction to networks' fundamental structure and three common research questions, this study focuses on VANETs' problems and future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LiFePO4 as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries (LIB) is successfully commercialized because of good cycle stability and tremendous electrochemical performances. Encouraged by the tremendous success of LiFePO4, the analogous NaFePO4 has been expected to show similar properties as LiFePO4. Hence, here we report the synthesis of NaFePO4 via sol-gel method and the structural study of NaFePO4 as a cathode material for Na-ion batteries. The as-synthesized NaFePO4 samples were calcined under air and argon atmosphere at the temperature 800°C with the variation of holding time. In this report, we present the successfully synthesized NaFePO4 based on XRD and SEM result. XRD results show the presence of NaFePO4 and some amount of secondary phase. EDX measurement confirms the presence of all elements from starting materials (Na, Fe, P and O) and the SEM result indicates the non-uniform shape of particle with the size range ∼1 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pros and cons of implementing the coronavirus disease vaccination in Indonesia could be taken into account because they sprung up remarkably and virally in social media like Twitter. Both of the pros and cons expressed on social media deserved to be analyzed by the researchers as a consideration of making government policy and to ensure that the policy was feasible to use. The technique that could be applied and combined to sentiment analysis was a word matching approach based on a lexicon dictionary (Lexicon-Based Approach). The stages of research carried out with Data Collection, Pre-processing, The Used Model, Experiment, and Model Assessment, as well as evaluation and validation of the results. The researchers crawled 1000 Indonesian language tweets data on the pros and cons of implementing Covid-19 vaccination using the R programming language with the keyword #vaksincorona and carried out a Text Cleaning Process. Then, it brought about the distribution of 472 training data and 528 testing data. Pre-processing was facilitated by Case Folding, Stemming, Tokenizing, and Stopword Removal. Using the Deep Learning Model, this study produced text classification in the positive and negative sentiments of pro and contra opinions. Based on the accuracy of the Deep Learning Model, the Confusion Matrix, and ROC Curve, the results showed that the accuracy value of the Deep Learning model was 88,83% and the AUC value was 0,955. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the effectiveness of using e-learning during the Covid-19 outbreak around the world is very interesting. This can be done by mining public opinion data on the application of e-learning during the Covid-19 outbreak. Twitter Sentiment Analysis is one techniques that can be used by classifying tweet data related to public opinion and classifying it into positive and negative sentiments, with the aim of seeing how public sentiment is related to the application of e-learning to help the government in taking a policy. The stages of research carried out in this study include Data Collection, Data Pre-processing (Tokenizing, Trans-form Case, Stopword Filter, Generate N-Gram and Stemming), Use of Models or Methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and Deep Learning models, Experiment and Model Assessment using Rapid Miner version 9.9, and Evaluation and Validation Results using Confusion Matrix and ROC Curves. Based on 444 tweet data in English with the keywords #elearningcovid19, #elearning and #covid19, the results of the accuracy and AUC values of the SVM algorithm were superior to the Deep Learning model, namely 90,53% and 87,16%, as well as the AUC value to 0,953 and 0,928. Based on the research results, it turns out that more people in the world agree with the application of e-learning during the Covid-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elemental doping and carbon coating on the electrode are able to increase the battery's performance to be a good energy storage. In this case, some studies are necessary to confirm the quality of the cathode material, LiFePO4 on the Li-ion based battery material (LIB). Here we report the study of structure and morphology of LiFePO4 by silicon doping at the P-atom atomic position and carbon coating (henceforth called as LFP-Si) utilizing the X-Ray diffractometer, the Fourier-transform infrared technique, and both the scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM), as a preliminary investigation to know the structure and morphology of LiFePO4 after elemental doping and carbon coating. All characterization results are essential for the improvement of the performance of LiFePO4/C doped material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The domino effect caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious problem. One of these problems is the increasing volume of infectious waste and household waste from handling COVID-19. The form of handling is often destroyed in incinerators, namely machines used to burn waste involving high temperatures. This paper will try to apply the Internet of Things (IoT) on an android-based incinerator. The stages include design, making tools, designing software and testing tools. The Android-based Incinerator is useful for minimizing the inhalation of particulates by the user, besides that the user also avoids the transmission of diseases or viruses that exist in infectious waste because the incineration process does not need to touch the incinerator. The results of the incinerator test also show that the longer the combustion time and the higher the temperature, the less residue produced, the longer the combustion time and the higher the temperature, causing the less ability to remove ash residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porang starch bioplastic (Amorphophallus oncophyllus Prain) and chitosan with sorbitol plasticizer were made by heating the solution on a hotplate at 80℃, and drying in an oven at 60℃. Results Characteristics of porang starch bioplastic obtained thickness 0.144-0.212 mm, water absorption 58.33%-87.75%, density 1.256-2.942 g/cm3, highest tensile strength 2.567 Mpa, highest elongation 52.499%, biodegradation in the first week 32.85%-39.21%. SEM characterization of bioplastics showed that the surface was uneven and no cracks formed. The FTIR spectrum showed no change in the wave number of the spectrum of porang starch, chitosan, and sorbitol with OH, CO, and NH functional groups. This shows that the resulting bioplastic only interacts physically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of synthetic plastics has a negative impact on the environment because it cannot be degraded by nature. The current work investigates the effect of storage time of biodegradable plastic porang starch with glycerol plasticizer on mechanical and thermal properties. The effect of the storage time of biodegradable plastic on the mechanical properties of tensile strength and elongation is decreasing every week but still meets the standards at all concentrations of glycerol plasticizer up to four weeks of storage with tensile strength values of 7,137 MPa, 4,541 MPa and 2,657 Mpa and elongation values 58,574%, 47,324 %, 74,699%. The effect of storage time on the thermal properties of TGA-DTA analysis in the third and fourth weeks of thermal stability began to decrease with a total mass reduction of 9,934 mg and 9,954 mg, respectively. The degradation ability test showed a decrease in mass every week. SEM and FTIR test analyzes were also carried out. The results showed that biodegradable plastic porang starch is suitable for packaging applications because it still meets the standards until the fourth week of storage time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic levitation is a well researched, user-friendly, potential technology that is conventionally employed for measurements on density and for separation mechanisms. This is a thriving technology that is being explored in the current times in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology. But adopting the same technology for the diagnosis and detecting the illness requires further exploration. This article explores the ability of such technology for isolation based on density, diversification, and administration of bio-systems and soft matters which is based on the density. This could potentially help in the invention or exploration of bio-markers that are specific to each disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from chicken bones was successfully synthesized by calcination and compared with biomimetic HA prepared via chemical precipitation, using pectin-mediated synthesis process. Pectin was extracted from orange peels via microwave irradiation and integrated into chicken bone-HA with the assistance of ultrasonication and ball milling. The synthesized powders were then characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). In general, all synthesized HA powders show similar elements and minerals as the pure HA despite deviation in Ca/P ratio. It was revealed that the integration of pectin was beneficial in enhancing the densification and Vickers hardness of chicken bone-HA. A high relative density of 85.53% and Vickers hardness of 3.53 GPa were achieved by the pectin-integrated cooked chicken bone-HA upon sintering at 1250 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera is a well-known medicinal herb because it has antibacterial and antifungal activity, M.oleifera is A strong source of several phytochemicals that are a drug that's widely used to cure a number of illnesses, such as Anti-Pyretic, Epileptic, Inflammatory disorders Ulcerative, anti-Hypertensive, Cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, and other medicinal effects. M.oleifera leaf extracts were utilized in the plant component examination and the assessment of the antifungal activity. For experimental purposes, the strain Candida albicans was utilized. To test the anti-Fungal effect of the extracts on fungal cultures, the Well diffusion method was used. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of (Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins, Cardiac glycoside, Terpenoids, and the absence of Reducing sugar, Anthraquinones, Phlobatannins) in both extracts. Anti-Fungal activity against Candida albicans was strongly active in Aqueous & Alcoholic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera. Due to the Moringa leaf aqueous extract, an area of inhibition was found from (0.23cm, 0.27, 0.3, 0.39, to 0.58 cm) As there is an increase in concentration from (100 to 500 µg/ml), respectively. While an area It was found that the inhibition induced by ethanolic extract for Moringa leaf increased from (1.29cm,1.40,1.44,1.53,to1.87cm) As there is an increase in concentration from (100 to 500 µg/ml), against Candida albicans, respectively. Nystatin is an antibiotic made of polyene, A section of polyene antifungal compounds, Used for treating fungal infections most commonly. Nystatin has been used against Candida albicans as a positive control, While the region of inhibition appeared (0.5cm) of anti-Nystatin against Candida albicans. This study evaluated various concentrations of extracts Moringa oleifera leaves and anti-Nystatin against Candida albicans. The ethanolic alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera leaf showed a higher inhibition zone than the aqueous extract and anti-Nystatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting a suitable material for the parts of any product is considered as most influential aspects of any design process. In this aspect, in the field of automobiles, the steering knuckle is considered as vital components of the steering and suspension subsystem. Prevention of failure of the knuckle is to be carefully investigated as it connects the steering, suspension, braking system, and wheel hub to the chassis. It should withstand the different loads in different conditions. Light-weighted steering knuckles with high strength are always demanding especially in a racing environment. In this work, Data envelopment Analysis based Ranking (DEAR) algorithm is used to select the suitable material for the steering knuckle. By applying the DEAR algorithm Aluminium 7075 and AISI 1040 Carbon Steel (EN 8) were selected as suitable candidates for the steering knuckle used in Quad bike racing competition. Modeling was carried out using SolidWorks and static analysis was performed in the ANSYS workbench to understand its performance under different loading conditions. Finally, the test results were validated under real time scenario by taking part in the design challenge competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing development and improvement of low-power wireless communication technologies enable many new applications to emerge on an Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main areas of healthcare research including new IoT programs to enhance both quality and access to healthcare and smart services; in this paper, we present the IoT hybrid health care monitoring system that integrates Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless networks technologies into a single platform that provides patient location, status, and tracking. Despite the great potential of such technologies to increase quality and experience and lower the cost of health care. The paper aims to address the complexities of RFID implementation in healthcare on patient safety through a literature review. Our primary findings indicate that the major obstacles to adoption are high adoption costs, protection and privacy-related concerns, and human security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The felicitous medical and health care domain inherits the Internet of Things for the popularity of autonomous sensor operations with minimum expense. In the health care ecosystem, the Internet of Things develops the trust model wireless body area network to oversee the medical attributes such as temperature, oxygen level, heartbeat, and blood pressure. The WBAN is a standard communication, low-power optimized device deployed with the biosensor nodes. It needs long-run battery power for the conventional functioning of handling the medical care data. The major hindrance of WBAN is energy consumption in deploying the biosensor nodes, which leads to quitting the network early. Various discussions on efficient energy routing protocols are discussed to minimize energy consumption, thereby maximizing the network lifetime to address this limitation. The study of different energy-efficient routing protocols suitable for WBAN supports the researchers in stimulating the balance of the low energy consumption and enhancing the network's efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lignocellulosic enzymes have been used in the biomass pretreatment, are getting special attention to produce the sustainable green biofuel. However, free enzymes not only difficult to separate from reaction media but also highly temperature and pH sensitive, so a controlled environment is required to maintain. A proper immobilization supporting material needs to adopt to improve their stability and reusability. In this research, silica coated cellulase immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared to improve temperature and pH stability and reusability of enzyme. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) used for silica coating. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linker with enzymes and functionalized nanoparticles. The amino groups and aldehyde groups can form stable covalent immobilization that can improve the stability of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) demonstrates spare shape monodisperse cellulase immobilized nanoparticles with a size of 40±5 nm. After cellulase immobilization, a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measured strong 62.8 emu/g magnetizations. The prepared nanomaterials demonstrate very high, 97% immobilization efficiency confirmed by the Lowry protein assay. The best activity of immobilized cellulase were achieved at 40C and pH 5. The immobilized nanoparticles exhibit 64% and 47% relative activity at higher pH and temperature, respectively. Immobilized cellulase relative activity was achieved 83% after five cycle of reusability study. Overall, the pH and thermal stability were improved, and a higher reusability of enzyme immobilized nanomaterials was achieved. The immobilized cellulase can be utilized for the biomass hydrolysis to produce biofuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) is a species of rhino that is categorized as near threatened in the world. Most population of white rhino can be found in South Africa. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a strategy is needed to conserve and increase the white rhino population. Hence, a mathematical model of the white rhino translocation strategy will be introduced. The model is constructed by dividing the white rhino population into four subpopulations based on their habitat and maturity. From the mathematical analysis, we obtain three types of equilibrium points. Furthermore, we investigate the existence and local stability criteria of these equilibrium points analytically and numerically. It is shown that, when translocation rate implemented in a proper way, translocation can accelerate the growth rate of the white rhino population both in the source or translocation habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substrate is an essential requirement for mushroom cultivation as it provides the nutrients for the growth of the mushroom mycelia to produce fruiting bodies. Abundant agricultural biomass such as oil palm waste, paddy straw, timber and sugarcane bagasse, lead to the uses for the mushroom substrates. These abundant biomasses are very less used for human activities whereas the remaining part refers to agriculture waste. The agriculture waste can be used as alternative substrates for mushroom cultivation due to the commercial substrates of rubber sawdust prices have been increasing that can affect the cost of the mushroom production. However, choosing different alternative substrates will have a different effect on the yields and quality of the mushrooms. The mushroom substrates mainly composed of the sources of carbon and nitrogen that act as the essential element for the growth of the mushroom. Apart from the variation of carbon and nitrogen content in the mushroom substrates, the substrates might contain toxic metal that can contaminate the fruiting bodies through the nutrient uptakes. Mushrooms have been observed to absorb and store variety of chemical elements where they can lead to contamination towards the edible fruiting bodies. Hence, this study choose different agricultural biomass of paddy straw and oil palm frond with the commercial substrate of sawdust in order to analyse the content of the substrates for mushroom cultivation suitability. Results were demonstrated that paddy straw have potential as alternative substrates for mushroom cultivation based on the C/N ratio value (0.5907) due to the high nitrogen content (84.92±9.71%) whereas mushroom need low C/N for better growth. The heavy metal content for paddy straw is follow WHO/FAO safe limit quantity Cu, Fe, Zn and Pb were 0.1433mg/L, 1.5993mg/L, 0.8090mg/L and 0.0233mg/L, respectively. However, arsenic content for paddy straw recorded the lowest amount between the treatments which is 2.0423mg/L and nearly reaching the permissible limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell factory is the most important machinery for bioproduct. Yeast cell is known as the most productive machinery for ethanol production regarding its robustness toward high concentration of ethanol in the environment. However, it is become challenging when using lignocellulosic hydrolysate as raw material. For ethanol production, fermentation process depends on its cell's vitality under stress condition by ethanol accumulation in the environment. Furthermore, ethanol production using lignocellulosic hydrolysate undergo various challenges against inhibitory chemical complex such as 2-furaldehyde (furfural), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), syringaldehyde, and vanillin coupled with some cell membrane-permeative acids, such as acetic acid, formic acid, and a small fraction of levulinic acid. Yeast cell maintains its survival on the stress condition by modification of its the genes regulation. Several considerations should be sought to engineered yeast as cell factory for ethanol production using lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This paper will discuss yeast survival mechanism toward its product and lignocellulosic hydrolysate environment, inhibitors effect to yeast cell, and gene regulation toward lignocellulosic hydrolysate for bioethanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five variations of starch-based bioplastics have been prepared to see the improvement of starch/PVA-based bioplastic characteristics. They are pure PVA, PVA/starch composite, PVA/starch crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, crosslinked PVA/starch and cellulose added, and crosslinked PVA/starch and cellulose palmitate added. Among the five variations, the PVA bioplastic film showed the closest transparency value to conventional plastics but also has the highest degree of swelling and solubility, and the crosslinked PVA/starch showed the least transparency value. The crosslinked PVA/starch with cellulose palmitate as a filler had the lowest DS and solubility. Tensile strength test results proved that the crosslinked PVA/starch and reinforced by cellulose palmitate graft polymer had the highest tensile strength and confirmed as the best result among five bioplastic modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoelectrochemical performance of Ag coated CeO2 functionalized TiO2 nanotube arrays (AgCeTNT) is investigated here. The sample is prepared via three steps, such as synthesis of TiO2 nanotube by electrochemical anodization, CeO2 functionalization by hydrothermal and Ag coating by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the anatase phase formation after annealing of TiO2 nanotubes. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) images showed the conformal coverage of CeO2 and Ag nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of Ce, Ag, Ti and O in the AgCeTNT sample. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) study revealed the enhancement in visible light sensitivity with CeO2 functionalization and further with Ag coating. The photoelectrochemical measurement showed that the AgCeTNT sample exhibits improved photoelectrochemical performance compared to bare TiO2 nanotubes (TNT), CeO2 functionalized TiO2 nanotubes (CeTNT) and Ag coated TiO2 nanotubes (AgTNT) under the illumination of sunlight. This improvement in photoelectrochemical performance happeneddue to the combined effect of favorable band alignment of CeO2 and TiO2 and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles, which lead to superior charge separation, efficient charge transport and enhanced visible light response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin g-C3N4 (g-CN) nanosheets are prepared by a two-step thermal exfoliation process in an air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) shows that ultrathin g-CN nanosheets have the same crystal structure as that of the bulk g-CN with a slight shift in the peak positions due to the reduction of sheet thickness. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the bulk g-CN is converted into ultrathin g-CN nanosheets due to thermal oxidation in an atmosphere, which increases the number of reactive active sites for water splitting. Due to a reduction in sheet thickness of g-CN, quantum confinement happened and thereby increase the bandgap from 2.88 (bulk g-CN) eV to 3.10 eV (ultrathin g-CN). Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) shows a blue shift, and time-resolve photoluminescence (TRPL) shows that the average lifetime of photogenerated charge carrier increases when bulk g-CN is converted into ultrathin g-CN nanosheets. Enhancement in photoelectrochemical performance is observed in ultrathin g-CN nanosheets compared to bulk g-CN due to the increased average lifetime of photogenerated charge carriers and a large number of reactive active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for the Riccati differential equation with constant coefficients and a modified Gerasimov-Caputo type fractional differential operator of variable order. Using Newton's numerical algorithm, calculation curves are constructed taking into account different values of the Cauchy problem parameters. The calculation results are compared with the previously obtained results. The computational accuracy of the numerical algorithm is investigated. It is shown using the Runge rule that the computational accuracy tends to the accuracy of the numerical method when increasing the nodes of the calculated grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to Coronavirus disease, many new norms are being introduced and one of them is a social distancing. This article focuses on the comparison of technologies that can be adopted in developing a smart queueing system that cater the social distancing issue. Several technologies are discussed in this paper are including ultra-wide band, RFID, NFC, Geo-fence, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The discussion is based on the technology specification and how those technologies can assist in enforcing social distancing in queueing process or activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present numerical simulation considers of MHD mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluid in a lid-driven porous medium C-shaped enclosure. The finite element method based on Galerkin weighted residual method is used to solve the governing equations in order to investigate the effect of Darcy number, Richardson number and CuO - water nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the enclosure. A set of graphical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, dimensionless temperature, velocity profiles, local Nusselt number, average Nusselt numbers and average fluid temperature. The simulation results indicate that there is an optimal volume fraction of the nanoparticles for each Darcy number and Richardson number act which the maximum heat transfer rate occurs. Moreover, CuO - water nanofluid has greater merit to be used for heat transfer enhancement. The method used is validated against previous published works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-dependent flow behavior through a curved duct is widely encountered in engineering and cell sorting sections. In this article, we have numerically investigated time-dependent fluid flow and dynamic heat transfer related to the stationary curved square duct, paying particular attention to the dependence of velocity and temperature fields on Dean number (Dn), Grashof number (Gr), curvature (δ) and aspect ratio. Here, the outer and bottom walls of the duct are maintained at high temperature whereas the inner and upper walls adiabatically segregated. In the first instance, time evolution calculation of the unsteady solutions has been performed for an extensive range of the Dean number (100 ≤ Dn ≤ 1000) and the Grashof number (100 ≤ Gr ≤ 1000) while other parameters have been considered to be fixed. Time-dependent solutions show that the flow undergoes through various flow instabilities regarding the range of parameters. It has been seen that three types of flow characters, steady-state, periodic, multi-periodic oscillations have been constructed in the time vs. Nusselt number for cooling wall plane. To point out the periodic and multi-periodic flow more clearly, power spectrum has been accomplished. Typical contours of two types of flow velocity such as axial and secondary flow and isotherm (temperature profiles) have been obtained for various values of Dn and Gr. It is found that only two-vortex asymmetric solutions appear for the steady-state solution whereas two- to four-vortex for the periodic and multi-periodic flows. Heat transfer has been demonstrated and it is found that heat transfer is enhanced by the secondary flow particularly when the Dean vortices emerge at outer concave wall. The present investigation reveals that there is a sharp influence amidst the ardor-induced buoyancy compulsion and the centrifugal instability in the curved duct that stimulates fluid composition and consequently enhances heat transfer in the fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is part of the European project "Next-CSP" which aims to develop a next generation of concentrated solar power plants using the particle technology and, particularly, the fluidized particle-in-tube technology working at high temperature (>700°C). A 3MWth pilot unit including a solar receiver, storage tanks, a heat exchanger and a gas turbine is under assembly at the top of a solar tower (Themis-France) to demonstrate this technology. The unit will use the fluidized particle-in-tube solar receiver concept. The scaling up of this concept needs researches on the gas-particle flow structure evolution along the tube and on wall-to-fluidized particles heat transfer. Therefore, several experimental set-ups were implemented to study the particle flow and heat exchanges in order to define the best operational conditions for the full-scale 3MW test unit. The first one is a cold experiment with three 3m-long transparent tubes implemented to study the stability of dense particle suspension (DPS) flow in tube and the flow distribution between the different tubes. 3m is the length of the solar receiver tubes. The second one is an on-sun experiment equipped with a one meter-long finned tube to collect data on the distribution of wall surface and particles temperature, thermal exchange and thermal performance useful for further modelling and up scaling. Experiments with the cold mockup indicate that stable particle flowrate ranging from 10 to 340 kg/m2.s (0.015 to 0.53 g/s) can be obtained per tube with mean particle volume fraction in the range 0.29-0.36. Solar experiments with finned tube designed to increase the heat exchange between the particle suspension and the irradiated tube result in rather constant values of the heat transfer coefficient at about 1200 ± 400 W/m2.K for particle mass flux between 40 and 110 kg/m2.s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is a new method which is very useful in drying process especially in mineral processing. By designing the annular blade distributor inclined, the gas will pass through the distributor, then certainly achieve suitable performance in term of fluidization. Numerical simulation such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to investigate the parameters that influence the system itself. The current study focused on the spiral blade distributor with various pitch length (60 mm, 80 mm, and 100 mm), and various horizontal inclination angle (0°, 12° and 15°). The CFD is used to compute and btain the velocity distribution data, as well as tangential velocity. The uniformity of tangential velocity distribution are the crucial investigation as this will be used to determine the optimum SFB systems. Effect of low blades inclination angle (0°) and low pitch length (60 mm) has showed the most significant finding in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally in industry, the fluidization process involves with plate distributor and used a type of perforated plate distributor as their fluidization process. In terms of observation, this type of distributor has used a large amount of energy consumption. Currently, the new design of perforated plate that involved; (i) number of slotted, (ii) slotted width, (iii) slotted length and (iv) thickness distributor has been produced and tested via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Then, the results from the simulation in each perforated plate are been extracted and analyze by using a Design of Experiment (DOE) method through full factorial design (FFD). Results from the statistical analysis have shown a significant parameter on performance of the fluidization that was assessed by pressure drop values and velocity distributions values. The results from this statistical analysis showed a significant parameter on mean tangential velocity and pressure drop. In conclusion, by using the optimization method the new design of distributor would propose less energy consumption in future fluidization application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are numerous methods that involved in optimization. The aim on their researchers is to determine the appropriate processing parameters setting in the systems and process. Studies on fluidization system by using an optimisation method are very scanty. Apart from quality, the consumption energy in the fluidization systems also plays an important role. Therefore, in this study the researchers have using a Design of Experiment (DOE) method that will discrete possible values based on the data extracted from simulation analyzed. By selecting the range of distributor blade and cyclone area (0 mm, 100 mm and 200 mm) via cone height (150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm) through 60 number of blades and 15° horizontal inclination angle, design of experiment (DOE) has been constructed by using the Full Factorial Design (FFD) approach. Based on the simulation results, data from mean of tangential velocity and pressure drop has been selected to analyze the performance of plenum chamber design in fluidization process. The results from this analysis has shown a beneficial scientific knowledge and alternative solution to the type of plenum chamber to enhance the uniformity of velocity distribution and discharge coefficient produced using optimisation technique in fluidization system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study on fluidizations system involved with a new design of different slotted inclination angle perforated plates. The new design was to overcome the disadvantage of the conventional of perforated plate which is most of the distributor didn't have an inclination angle. Results from velocities distribution in each perforated plate are extracted. The designs are produces by using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) while studies on characteristics of air flow are be made using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Each perforated plate design was different in their types of hole (slotted), number of slotted and inclination angle in order to get the best result which respect to the tangential velocity values. The performance of the SFB was assessed in term of velocity distributions values. The higher the tangential velocity, the better the air will be distributed. The most important part to the appropriate design in the plate distributor is slotted inclination angle and the slotted number. The good results in this study were produced by the less number of the slotted on the plate distributor and low slotted inclination angle which is able to produce a high average velocity compared with the less number of slotted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, research using optimization method has gained a place in the research world. Applying in fluidization process due to determine the appropriate processing parameter setting was very lack on fluidization publication. By using Design of Experiment (DOE), it was able to analyze the data from simulation result to propose a new optimum design of spiral blade distributor. In order to determine the appropriate parameter setting, the application of optimization via full factorial design (FFD) method work to improve the parameter such as; (i) pitch length and (ii) inclination angle towards on uniform velocity distribution especially on tangential velocity and low pressure drop. Based on the statistical analysis results, the mean tangential velocity does not show a performance contribution via those parameter. However, the pressure drop results shows a significant correlation by increasing the performance of fluidization systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a conventional fluidization systems might tend to use high energy consumption due to the certain parameter design on fluidization. The current study was run to give some overview on the new method which is might useful in fluidization process especially in mineral processing. By designing a combination of cyclone and the inclination angle of annular blade distributor, the gas will cause swirling flow from the cyclone plenum chamber then pass through the distributor gap and certainly achieve suitable performance in term of uniformity fluidization. Numerical simulation such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to investigate the parameters that influence the system itself. The parameter design of 60 blade distributor with 15° horizontal inclination angle at different depth (0 mm, 100 mm and 200 mm) via several cone height (150 mm, 200 mm and 250 mm) blade distributor to the cyclone plenum chamber has been applied in this current studies. The CFD software is used to compute and obtain the velocity magnitude. The uniformity of velocity distribution are the crucial investigation as this will be used to determine the optimum SFB systems. Effect of 0 mm depth blade distributor to the cyclone plenum chamber with 200 mm cone height via 60 blade distributors through to 15° of horizontal inclination angle was the most suitable parameter to assist the velocity uniformity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental studies conducted in the spring of 2018 and 2019 in the highly continental climate of Western Siberia made it possible to draw a number of conclusions about the applicability of the radiation life - support system for cottages, rural houses, and other detached buildings. During the research, more than 50 million experimental temperature measurements were taken with their recording in the memory of logger 88598. Temperatures were recorded on a measuring cell with an air heat insulation of the experimental stand. The obtained experimental data were processed, as a result of which the specific heat output (kW*h/m2) was determined per day of operation of the radiation heating system in the spring months of 2019, calculated by integrating the current power of the radiation heating system. In the spring, at night, the radiation collector cools slightly below ambient air. In addition, the ambient air in the spring period during the dark is usually colder than the indoor temperature. Therefore, in the spring season, instead of radiation conditioning, it is reasonable to use ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of conducting polymer solar cells (PSC) has been found to increase significantly by incorporating a Deoxyribonucleic acid - hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DNA- CTMA) electron blocking interlayer (EBL) between the hole transport layer (HTL) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The idea is to block the unwanted electrons reaching to PEDOT:PSS and ITO anode. The photo generated electrons from lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level (2.9 eV) of P3HT face high barrier height towards PEDOT: PSS due to 0.9eV LUMO level of DNA. The DNA-CTMA EBL reduces the non-geminate recombination at the HTL and P3HT: PC71BM interface resulting in significant enhancement∼33% of PCE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faster, sensitive, cost-effective UV and visible photodetection is an important research area for making sensors. The comparison of the structural, vibrational and optical properties of a substituted sample with pure ZnO was studied. We investigated the photoresponse properties of defects in parent and Zn1-x(GaFe)x/2O (x=0.0468) for UV and visible light illumination. The ZnO nanopowders were synthesized using the sol-gel technique. The (002) peak tends to deviate towards higher theta with the addition of Ga3+/Fe3+. This indicates a variation of c-axis with Fe and Ga doping. Lattice parameter variation with co-doping is obtained by using GSAS software. Rietveld refinement of all samples showed changes in lattice parameters. From Raman spectra, the intensity of E2 high mode enhances with doping showing good crystallinity of co-doped ZnO. Thus, structural uniformity enhances with doping. The conductance increases due to varying defect states, verified from photoluminescence data analysis. Ga and Fe doping improve UV current of ZnO. We can see that the photocurrent increases from x=0 to x=0.0468. Effect of different wavelengths (450, 550 & 650 nm) of photons on surface conductivity of Zn1−x(GaFe)x/2O is investigated. The enhanced sensitivity with the incorporation of dopants for visible spectrum has great application for colour sensing materials. And least sensitivity for red colour shows photostability of the material. The native defects or trap states present in pure and Ga-Fe co-doped samples were investigated in detail by using PL study. The visible spectrum deep level intensity variation reveals enhancement in green emission following the CIE graph. The optical bandgap energy investigated using UV-Vis spectrum. The modification in bandgap energy supports the defects study obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous substitution of Ga3+ and Ti4+ for Zn2+ in ZnO has the tendency to reduce oxygen vacancies because of the higher charge of Ga3+ and Ti4+ ions than the Zn2+ ion. The reduction in oxygen vacancies has been verified from the photoluminescence studies. The UV sensing mechanism exhibits fast and slow response and recovery. Ga3+ incorporation enhances the photocurrent drastically as revealed from UV sensing behavior. The higher sensitivity is achieved for of (Ga/Ti) co-doped samples due to the increase in oxygen interstitials defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si plays an important role in improving the conductive behavior of most oxides. Si+4 in place of Cu2+ in CuO have a tendency of attracting more oxygen in the lattice. By doping ∼4% Si in CuO the indirect bandgap is observed to be modified from 1.49 eV to 1.45 eV. Raman and XRD studies detail the structural properties and reveal no extra phase in the solid solutions. The conductivity increased by three orders in the Si doped samples. FESEM studies reveal a change of morphology with Si doping from spherical to nanorod-like formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a comprehensive analytical study on propagation of longitudinal electro-kinetic (LEK) modes and novel properties introduced due to the presence of negatively charged nano-sized ion colloids (ICs) of implanted ions is carried out. By employing multi-fluid balance equations, a compact dispersion relation has been derived for the two cases: the phase velocity of the LEK mode is less than or more than the carrier thermal speed, which are termed as slow and fast LEK modes, respectively. The charged ICs not only interact with the plasma particles but also changes the balance of charge of later in the medium through sticking processes of carriers onto the former. The dispersion relation reveals that the plasma and the charged ICs present in the GaN crystal support four LEK modes. We have carried out numerical analysis for dispersion and growth characteristics as a function of magnetic field and compared them for wurtzite and zincblende structures of GaN. The present analysis establishes that the presence of ICs together with transverse magnetic field strongly modifies the existing modes and also gives rise to new novel modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an analytical study on propagation characteristics of longitudinal electro-kinetic (LEK) waves in III-nitride semiconductor viz. GaN. The implanted ions in GaN agglomerate to form colloids. These ion colloids (ICs) are continuously bombarded by all the plasma particles and stick on them, but they acquire a net negative charge due to relatively higher mobility of electrons. To examine the influence of charged ICs on the plasma modes, we have derived a linear dispersion relation for LEK wave in ICs laden GaN semiconductor plasma. We have restricted our analysis tolow frequency regime of LEK wave where ICs can also participate in the perturbation. The dispersion relation leads to four modes of LEK waves, which are analytically investigated in zincblende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) structures of GaN. It is found that the presence of charged ICs significantly modifies the LEK modes.The present analysis reveals that the amplification of these modes can be optimized by fine tuning the applied electric field and wave number of the modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]