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For the moment the energy safety of the Kaliningrad region (KR) is largely dependent on the mutual electrical energy exchange through existing connections to Lithuania and further to Belarus and Russia. Taking into account the upcoming KR energy system disconnection from Lithuania, followed by isolated operation (starting from 2025) and wind energy potential of KR, the question of electrical production by the wind as an option for KR sustainable development should be considered. The paper aims to compare three different connection possibilities for onshore power plans (WPP) of different capacity (30 and 90 MW) based on preliminary system power flow calculations using an especially developed energy system model, which are: 1. connection of WPPs to the existing substations of the grid; 2. connection of WPPs to "Wind Grid" ("WG") – new lines and substations in energy system especially constructed for wind energy production; 3. simultaneous connection of WPPs to existing substations and to "WG". The conclusion of the paper is 1st the option is the cheapest, but not viable because WPPs create additional problems with voltage levels and lines overload. Some measures to overcome observed problems are proposed. The electrical system parameters, such as voltage levels, power flows, and power losses are very close for the 3rd and 2nd options. The 3rd option is more expensive, because of additional switching equipment, but most flexible and easy to handle for the system operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to new scientific approaches to the formation of the transport and logistics infrastructure in major cities of the country. The paper considers solving the problem of transport cost reducing, as a significant part of the production cost in an industrial sector of the economy and enterprises, by implementing a complex of logistics operations in the field of transport services. The purpose of the theoretical paper is a mathematical formalization of the solution of the particular problems of optimizing the traffic control on the basic network of transport highways with varying degrees of detail of municipal facilities. There is a set of mathematical models developed to adequately describe the temporal characteristics of developing the transport and logistics complexes of the cities with the possibility of their optimization at any time according to a given set of parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the main issues in reaching the modern level of cargo handle capacity for railroads of the Eastern Part of Russia. The main problems troubles of the current development strategy for Eastern polygon of the Russian Railways have been identified. Based on review of best practices of the overseas railroads in the bulk and intermodal cargo transportation, this paper proposed a direction for intensive railroad capacity development using the set of the key technologies for heavy-haul trains. The main idea of the paper is to take advantage of the distributed power for the heavy-haul trains to reduce longitudinal dynamics and lower rail track wear. It is necessary to dramatically revise the technical requirements for locomotives of next generation and make them more adopted to the operating model and conditions of the Eastern polygon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, heavy haul traffic on AC railways of Russia has caused an increase in electric currents flowing through the elements of the traction power supply system and track circuits, which significantly exceed the design values. Increased electrical loads complicate the operation of traction substations elements, contact networks, relay protection and automation devices, signaling, centralization and blocking system. A significant problem with increasing loads is a rail potential magnification, which violates electrical safety and can even lead to failures and interruptions in railway traffic. The paper investigates rail potential formation along the entire length of the intersubstation zone between traction substations by means of simulation model developing throw MathLAB Simulink software. Based on the findings, further research opportunities for a quantitative assessment of changes and early identification of rail potentials critical values at AC railways. The novelty in this paper lies in the identified and constructed graphics for rail potentials dependence on electrical resistances of different elements and circuit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Car-sharing is a phenomenon, which is becoming increasingly widespread, first of all, in large cities. Since its inception in Russia, this phenomenon has become the object of scientific research by scientists from various branches of science, as well as the object of attention of journalists and practitioners. The benefits of car-sharing are obvious, its active use in megalopolises and large cities allows eliminating traffic jams, mitigating the problem of the lack of parking spaces, and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, there are many problematic aspects in the concept of car-sharing, primarily in the legal sphere, which are exacerbated as it spreads and increases in popularity. First of all, it is the problem of the safety of using carsharing for the driver and passengers. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure the adherence to the rights of car-sharing users, on the one hand, and the car-sharing company, on the other hand, which is possible only by detailed and effective legal regulation. The main legal problems of using car-sharing in Russia, including the issues of the security of this service are analysed in this paper. Based on the study conducted, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the legal regulation of the use of car-sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the issues concerning the investigation of the deformation properties of the soft saturated clayey soils by means of static sounding and dynamic probing, as well as plate bearing test. It is indicated that with using static sounding and dynamic probing, the reliable deformation characteristics of soils can be obtained. The paper presents the static sounding and dynamic probing procedures that are currently used in Russia. The plate-bearing test utilizing various in size bearing plates is also described in the paper. The procedure for obtaining the necessary results is described, methods for evaluating the results are considered, and the main key points of these studies are given. The article draws conclusions. It is indicated, that on the basis of the numerous field investigations carried out during the time period of 1992-2020, it appeared impossible to establish a robust agreement between the deformation characteristics of soft saturated clay, determined using static sounding and dynamic probing tests, and those determined using the plate-bearing test performed with the bearing plates of 600, 3000 and 500 sq. cm, as well as deformation characteristics obtained from the laboratory tests results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need of improvement in the Russian Federation electronic industry enterprise competitiveness presents qualitatively new requirements to the instrumental means of economic analysis. To a certain extent, this applies to the problems of factor analysis. The paper suggests a method of using a Box-Jenkins model for possible production factor increment values forecasting. The paper contains interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed instrument of predictive factor analysis can be used in practice to support management decisions dealing with strategic development of industrial enterprises and increasing their economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the transformation of systems properties of the coal industry in Russia, which are a result of changes in the economic conditions in the industry. The focus is on the factors influencing the national and regional coal industry development and their transformation. The study shows that these factors differ significantly for various regions of Russia. The toolkit (an information-model complex) developed with the participation of the authors for research on the prospects for the coal industry development is presented. Systems properties of the coal industry and factors that affect its development were factored in when developing the toolkit. The experience of research conducted using the tools presented in the paper has shown their sufficient flexibility and adaptability depending on changing conditions in the coal industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and analysis of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) in the parameters of the electrical regime are significant for the efficient operation of power systems. The decision-making loop in most dispatching centers of large system operators includes LFO monitoring. It belongs to one of the most relevant areas of synchrophasor measurement data processing. There are several methods have for determining the source of forced oscillations. However, due to the scale and internal heterogeneity of the power systems, no one provides a final solution to the problem in practice. The paper proposes a combination of methods based on the analysis of the oscillation energy and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the measuring signals. The paper considers the examples of the LFO analysis in actual cases in the power system of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the results of the electrical energy consumption research in a residential apartment building which is located in the Moscow region. Authors have given the information of the apartment electricity consumption with two people living. Research period is 2018 - 2022. Researchers have considered the main sources of electrical energy consumption in a typical apartment and in common property in this paper. It has been determinated the part of the considered apartment electrical energy consumption in the total consumption of electrical energy in an apartment building by authors of this paper. Researchers presented the information of the electric energy cost changes for the research period in the territory where were built considered building. It has been described the view and technical characteristics of the building by authors in this paper. There is the information of energy consumption in the cold, warm and transitional periods of the year. This work could be useful for companies which are in the field of managing common property, specialists from various areas of the municipal service complex, as well as developers who plan investments to residential construction in the Moscow region and other regions of the Russian Federation with similar climatic characteristics. This article is also could be used for the urban planning policy development in the field of providing electrical energy to settlements with a population less than 100 000 people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the role of atomic energy in the energy balance and the nuclear industry development strategies of countries. The development problems of the Russian nuclear industry, which is the most important condition for ensuring energy independence and stable growth of the country's economy, have been identified. The paper describes the specifics of atomic energy, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as risks and opportunities. A brief overview of the theoretical fundamentals of the modern theory of clusters and various scientific approaches to the concept of a cluster is given, the domestic nuclear industry development specifics are shown, and the existence of the nuclear industry cluster in Russia, its effective functioning, and successful development is justified. The mechanism of state management and financial support of the nuclear industry cluster has been formulated, and the role of its research complex in the Russian nuclear industry development has been determined. The expediency of improving the mechanism for managing and funding the research complex of the nuclear industry cluster using the model of creating a state fund for supporting scientific, research, and innovative activities in the field of atomic energy has been justified, which, among other things, will improve the efficiency of budgetary expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are the possible reasons for changes in hot water supply system's quality of Kirovsk. It has been investigated the most probable source of iron in hot water supply system by authors of this paper. Authors analyze the chemical composition of original water which has been used for cold and hot water supply system of several cities in Murmansk region. Researcher has pointed out the most significant indicators of original water's chemical composition which are affect to the determination of iron's increasing source. It has been determined the locations of sampling sites at a typical combined power plant with installed chemical water treatment and deaerator. Authors has proposed the various methods of water treatment at the Apatity power plant for cities heat supply system. Also, it has included pre-boiled water treatment. This work was performed by authors in project: "Clean water", Kirovsk. This project is a part of Federal Program "Clean water" which is in a structure of Russian water strategy until 2020. Funding and coordination of the program is by relevant ministries - the Russian Federation Ministry of Construction and Municipal Services, the Russian Federation Ministry of Economic Development and JSC "Institute of microeconomics". The total funding volume of Program is 331.8 billion rubles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data on the apartment buildings technical condition are a huge digital array for making important management decisions both within the boundaries of individual territories of municipal formation, and for planning budget expenditures within the municipality, the subject of the federation and the country as a whole. In this paper the aspects of forming data on apartment buildings in various information systems are considered. Also, the basics of ensuring the reliability of the presented data are studied. The paper notes that for many years, during the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, the requirements of technical regulations and regulatory documents on the maintenance and operation of apartment buildings are not fully observed by operating organizations. The deadlines for replacing the systems and equipment that have worked out are not met. It is noted that the federal legislators and the Government of the Russian Federation have not defined a general procedure for monitoring the technical condition of apartment buildings and have not formed a common approach to assessing their technical condition, the owners' obligation to finance these works has not been defined, their frequency has not been determined. It is shown that the data obtained during the condition monitoring of apartment buildings combined in federal and regional information systems would be an objective marker in the formation of state and municipal programs in the field of reducing the unfit for living housing fund monitoring financing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of the contemporary education system of African countries. It is noted that some African students prefer to obtain higher education abroad, including in the Russian Federation. Africa is progressing rapidly, and education has become an important factor of the continent's stable social, political and economic development. This pertains in particular to the Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education. One of the main interests of almost all African countries is the formation of a higher education system that meets modern requirements. There is an urgent task of improving qualifications and employment of young people, whose numbers are rapidly increasing. The paper describes reforms that are being carried out in the system of training professional personnel. It is concluded that the development of education will not only help African countries "grow" own specialists in necessary fields, but also provide educational services at the continental and world level, thereby attracting additional capital to national economies. The author makes an attempt to highlight countries in Africa that are most actively raising the level of training of highly qualified personnel and becoming leaders in the field of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper substantiates the systemic limitation of the application of the concept of a smart city in terms of duration of the planning horizon. It is shown that use of this method shall be based on the prerequisites for transforming the urban system itself in order to correspond to the current economic situation. In the analytical part of the paper, the assumption is substantiated that the method that makes it possible to assess and predict changes in the stage of the life cycle of the industrial system of a city are multidimensional classification algorithms that allow to separate objects in accordance with similar characteristics. The feature space of the problem of multidimensional classification will be an array of assessments of factors characterizing the state of the regional industrial system, such as: presence of markets for products to neighboring regions/countries, the availability of infrastructure for implementation of expanded production, and availability of raw materials and labor resources, the intensity of competition; availability of raw materials and local labor resources. As a result of approbation, research results were obtained with a sufficient level of statistical significance based on the estimates of these factors in the 50 largest cities of Russia. In conclusion, it was concluded that the regional industrial subsystems of the largest cities in Russia are at different stages of the life cycle, with the majority at the growth stage, which suggests that in these regions it is necessary to set the goal of long-term preservation of ecological landscapes, the load on which will continue grow in the coming decades. At the same time, in cities with industrial subsystems at the stage of maturity, it is necessary to plan for transition to a new type of arrangement of the regional economy, assuming that the next generation of residents will be mainly employed in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows that the features of development of urban planning policy in Russia, in a historical context, are associated with the fact that large-scale urban planning until recently was not carried out in current conditions, while urban planning realities were based on the Soviet legacy created in other economic conditions, with the assumption of other economic, social and spiritual needs of the city people, both existing and potential. With the change in the economic formation, strategic urban planning, until recently, was not carried out on the required scale; the basic goal on the scale of urban development was to ensure the survival of the population, which also had a negative impact on the state of the space of post-Soviet Russian cities. It is concluded that at present it is necessary to rethink the principles of development of Russian cities, which differ significantly from the urban planning practice of other developed and developing countries. The results of the study indicate that it is necessary to rethink the functionality of the urban environment, its consistent and systematic planning. In conclusion, the paper shows that in order to solve the set tasks, it is necessary to rethink the heritage of several economic and cultural structures of society, considering the current socio-economic and cultural situation. Wherein, the data for the period since 2000 show that at present it is necessary to search for interaction between the various dominants of the city. In modern conditions, decisions in the field of urban planning policy adopted in previous historical periods do not correspond to the current situation; to a greater extent, it is determined by economic reasons or local social priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper makes a comparative analysis of the chemical composition and baking qualities of flour of the main cereals: wheat, rye and triticale. The advantages and disadvantages of each crop are marked. The data collected by the authors provide a sufficiently detailed description of a popular and highly-demanded grain crop on the world market – triticale. Using the studies of domestic and foreign researchers-technologists of the baking industry, the authors conclu-sively prove the advantages of triticale grain flour. They mark therapeutic qualities of bakery products made with the use of this flour. The paper discusses various techniques for producing dough using triticale flour. We give a description of the useful properties of bread baked from dough of various kneading. Our article gives a good overview of the evaluation system of bread quality from triticale flour and a combination of triticale and wheat flour in various ratios. Moreover, it helps to get a ranking score for all indicators. The article's authors see the improvement of bread baking technology, the use of advanced additives that enhance the bakery products with triticale flour and give them therapeutic qualities. The article brings into sharp focus the importance of triticale in expanding the raw material base of the bakery industry. More-over, the world leaders in the production of triticale are named, as well as the leaders in the gross collections of triticale in the Russian Federation. The paper generalizes the practical experience of Russian bakers in the production of various types of bakery products with triticale flour. The authors mention the main varieties produced in different Russian regions. Also, they mark innovations of domestic baking industry. The article concludes with a review of promising directions for the triticale flour use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a relatively new issue: the role analysis of Russian cross-border regions in food provision of the country and ensuring food security of the regions themselves. The methodological foundation of the analysis was the studies conducted by Russian scientists, legal documents of the government, distribution statistics of public investments in the cross-border regions. The authors amply demonstrate the inequality in distribution of federal funds to the fixed capital of the cross-border regions, highlight the leading regions and outsider regions. The article assesses the economic development level of groups of cross-border regions, isolated by geographical feature. It is quite convincingly remarked that the Russian Federation has not formed an effective policy regarding the border territories in general, and ensuring their food security, in particular. The cross-border regions occupy a significant part in federal investments. Nevertheless, priority regions that are in acute need of state support to ensure their accelerated development have not been determined. In depressed regions, the average per capita consumption of staple foods that meets the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2016 has not yet been provided. The authors have traced the underconsumption of such essential human health products as milk, dairy products and vegetables to low incomes of the population. The abandoned status of some territories is the cause of their plight. Today, the issues of these territories are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Regional Development, which mainly solves the general problems of the regions. They do not consider the particularities of the cross-border territories and the significance of their development for ensuring food security in Russia. The paper concludes with the specific proposals for solving the topical issues of ensuring food security of the cross-border regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the formation and development of Vietnam's metallurgical industry and the recent crisis are presented. The cause of the underdevelopment is backward production technology and slow transformation to meet the increasing requirements of the market. The paper also clarifies the development of automatic control system (ACS) and the production execution system (MES) in metal production in the world and Russia can be applied in Vietnam; The current problem of Vietnam's metallurgical industry is that the production technology is still outdated, the output is low, the product quality is not high and consumes a lot of energy. The solution to solve the above problems is to improve technology based on applying automatic control systems and MES systems to the operation and production of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid understanding of data features is the main advantage of visualization compared to other ways of presenting information. Moreover, the purpose of visualization is to identify the necessary data transformations and features of methods for further work with the data. The application of heatmaps to visualize a dataset characterizing the quality of a system provides an effective implementation of the objectives under consideration. The paper considers the use of heatmaps to identify the features of a dataset composed of parameters characterizing the quality of life and Russia's constituent entities and to determine the necessary data transformations. Composite indicators of quality of life of the population are determined based on statistical data for the period 2010-2017. The author's modification of principal component analysis is used, which takes into account the presence of unrecoverable errors in the initial data. Signs of calculated weighted coefficients are used as an estimate of the reliability of the calculated composite index. Obtaining negative weighted coefficients is the main obstacle to the widespread use of multidimensional analysis methods in building complex indices. Heatmaps allow identifying variables with abnormal behavior. The use of logarithmic data correction for such variables can eliminate negative weights and allows one to build a more reliable composite index of a system's quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problematic of scientific research is the absence in domestic practice of systemic approaches to justified digital transformation in science-intensive organizations. This paper evaluates the implementation of a digitalization strategy using the example of science-intensive enterprises in strategic industries, substantiates the need for a sustainable digital transformation program in a science-intensive company. The level of digitalization of companies in Russia and the world is analyzed, synergistic effects from the implementation of digital initiatives and the advantages of their mutual aggregate interaction are revealed. Conclusions were made about the impact of the implementation of digital solutions on the competitiveness of knowledge-intensive industries, about the effects and effectiveness of the implementation of innovative digital projects. They also noted the risks, difficulties and problems arising in the implementation of digital solutions in enterprises. Strategic sectors of the economy were selected as the basis for the analysis: traditional sectors of the fuel and energy complex in terms of their contribution to the economy (PJSC Lukoil, PJSC Tatneft, State Corporation Rosatom) and in terms of development prospects (State Corporation Roskosmos). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of heat energy markets in countries with developed district heating systems (the Nordic countries, China and Russia). Changes to the organizational structure of the market are identified, in the context of generational change in district heating systems (1-5 generations). Special emphasis is placed on providing end-users of thermal energy with new options using renewable energy sources, heat pumps as stated in the new fourth energy package adopted in the European Union in 2019. Generalized block diagram of the automation system for active prosumer developed. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop wireless sensor control systems for district heating systems that keep pace with the market changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the review of problematic and controversial issues of the development of railway transport in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. When finding out the reasons for the disruption of railway transportation during World War I from 1914, which became even more aggravated during the 1917 revolution in Russia, some railway engineers, including revolutionary-minded, considered the operation of technical inspection and state control institutions in the industry adverse for the development of railways. From the point of view of some railway engineers, the normal functioning and development of the railways were possible only in the presence of specific conditions, i.e. its organization in all major details strictly corresponding to the nature of the business; complete stickiness to the plan of its course and full coordination of the operation of all parts of its complex mechanism without exception; properly trained and specially selected personnel set in conditions that ensure the best possible use of its business qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian market of transport and logistics infrastructure developed rather slowly in 2019. By the way, there was nowhere to expect breakthrough indicators – the growth of the world economy is slowing down, and therefore the decline trends are inherent in many industries around the world. Delivery volumes gradually gained momentum, but in early 2020 there was a crisis – the COVID-19 pandemic, which swept the whole world and changed the lives of not only millions of people, but also the situation in the international and regional markets. The closure of borders between countries and the introduction of a self-isolation regime has led to a significant reduction in the volume of production capacities. The COVID-19 pandemic, having disrupted the established ties between producers and consumers around the world, has made serious adjustments to the business processes of transport and logistics organizations. The paper analyzes the features of the formation and functioning of logistics chains for Russia and the world. Global trends in the development of transport and logistics infrastructure in the modern conditions of transformation of economic relations were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issues of response to abnormal and emergency situations, including threats of and acts of unlawful interference on vehicles and transport infrastructure facilities of the railways of the Russian Federation. The response process is considered in terms of the regulations of interaction between the units in charge of the response and transfer of information about an accident. Based on the results of the analysis of regulatory documents, the data on the response processes in the event of threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations were structured. An algorithmic model of the response process of the structural units of the railway, forces and units responsible for transport safety on the transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles and other safety authorities under threats, acts of unlawful interference and other abnormal and emergency situations have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the research and practical use of petroleum bitumens and bitumen-based modified binders in road construction in Russia compared to the advanced global research. It is shown that unmodified petroleum bitumens are used in the construction and repair of regional and local roads in Russia. Moreover, in Russia, oxidized bitumens are widely used, the quality of which is significantly inferior to the residual bitumens accepted for use in developed countries. The materials used for bitumen modification in Russia and abroad are considered, the most widely used thermoelastoplasts, thermoplastics, and natural and synthetic rubbers including. The issues of using sulfur and its derivatives as cross-linking agents are discussed. Reactive substances, as well as the functionalization of the modifiers themselves, i.e., the directed use of functional groups that provide missing bonds in the interaction are covered. The studies on nanoscale effect in the interaction of bitumen components with natural or synthesized nanomaterials are presented. Currently, an increasing number of researchers, both in Russia and abroad, are trying to find ways to improve the quality characteristics of modified bitumens using waste, while solving both environmental and economic problems. Although there has been marked progress in such developments, they are still difficult to compete with specially designed and manufactured modifiers. This progress is evident in the use of so-called hybrid or mixed modifiers, the components of which are selected for improving specific properties. There is considerable interest in the use of crumb rubber from worn-out tires as a potentially suitable component for making bitumen elastic and reducing the brittleness temperature. In Russia, there are noteworthy developments in this area that have been industrially tested. An interesting method is the high-temperature shear grinding of rubber crumbs on ultra-high-pressure devices, at which the specific surface area of the particles is disproportionately large, compared to the known methods. This provides an accelerated interaction of particles with bitumen forming mesh structures at the dry method of introducing crumb directly into bitumen-concrete mixture. The paper describes the main types of equipment for bitumen modification. Currently, the road industry in Russia is undergoing a conceptual transition to the new generation of standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains a brief historical review of the vortex effect’s development in the Soviet Union and modern Russia. The main goal of the paper is to remind the readers about classical scholars and to tell briefly about their advances in the vortex effect theory. A brief theoretical description of the vortex effect suggested by Russian scientists is given in the paper. Modern studies of the vortex effect are directed to its application in different fields of the industry and science, rather than to develop new theoretical foundations. Some practical examples of the vortex effect applications are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the concepts and organizational foundations of ensuring the information security of an organization in the context of the digitalization of the economy. The relevance of the study of the problem posed has been proved, since in modern realities there is a widespread introduction of information and software technologies. It is shown that the digital economy is one of the main directions of the strategic development of Russia - the digital transformation of various spheres of human life requires the most careful measures to ensure cybersecurity and protect the confidentiality of information resources. The role of the latest technologies for processing "big data", the implementation of high-tech solutions in order to ensure reliable, timely, long-term and safe storage of databases is clarified. It is shown that the modern information environment is unprecedented in terms of the presence of threats and risks that can manifest themselves in various forms; in this regard, it was proved that it is extremely important to timely and constantly identify and analyze emerging threats and risks, as well as ongoing changes in the information infrastructure. It was also proved that only with this in mind, it is possible to design and build an effective information security system based on the formation of an extensive information infrastructure that allows to provide timely and secure access to information that organizations need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of the paper shows that an important factor in the location of the production of building materials is the availability of sufficient raw materials in the region. The northern regions of the Russian Federation in general and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in particular have rich reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials. In addition, the author draws attention to the fact that despite the presence in Yakutia of its own mineral resource base, at present there are factors that contribute to the delay in the development of this industry: the use of technologies that are outdated and energy-intensive, the uneven distribution of production capacities for the production of building materials on the territory of Yakutia. This contributes to an increase in the cost of construction, arising from high tariffs for transport services. The need of Yakutia in large volumes of building materials is due to the expansion of the housing stock, industry and road network. In this connection, the production of building materials on its own in the harsh northern conditions will allow the republic to reduce the cost of their importation from other subjects of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the development of geometric shapes for the improvement and further development of hybrid wind generators, in which wind turbines and structures are combined with solar cells to convert wind and solar energy into electrical energy. The paper also analyzes and finds out how relevant it is to improve the appearance of combined-type wind power turbines, taking into account the external conditions of the impact of wind load and the choice of promising geometric shapes for the development of the energy network of the Russian Federation in the first place, including taking into account the economic feasibility of the decisions taken. An analysis was carried out on many well-known design solutions, which showed that in order to create a successful sample of a wind generators with solar cells, it is necessary to solve many researches and tasks, using knowledge in many branches of science and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present stage of market relations, the construction industry is relevant and widespread. The construction industry cannot be singled out as a special form of industry, since it has scales of only internal significance. The construction industry is quite heterogeneous. It may include large-scale forms of construction, where teams of workers build public and shopping centers, residential multi-storey buildings, construction complexes for the aerospace industry, etc. Shopping and entertainment centers are large construction projects. Such facilities require constant construction supervision, which includes fire supervision, in order to ensure fire safety in them. The paper analyzes fires in the Russian Federation, including in shopping and entertainment centers. Objects with a mass stay of people are investigated on the example of the shopping entertainment center Passage in Voronezh, the analysis was performed based on the assumed situation of fire growth and carrying out emergency rescue operations. Simulation of two scenarios of fire growth with the most dangerous fire zones has been carried out. According to the first scenario the fire breaks out in the premises of the "Perekrestok" store located on the 1st floor. In the event of a fire in the store, the greatest amount of manpower and resources will be required, since this facility has the highest fire hazard because of a large amount of goods stored there. According to the second scenario, a fire breaks out in a retail space located on the second floor of the Passage shopping and entertainment center. For the considered shopping entertainment center, recommendations have been developed for organizing rescue operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issues of increasing the socio-economic efficiency of industrial real estate reproduction based on the industrial parks construction as a top-priority segment of the national industrial construction market responsible for the sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the priority implementation of the eco-industrial development concept are investigated. The relevance of this field of research is determined by the significant demand for improved use of global trends in sustainable development, green construction and environmental development applied to modern forms of industrial construction i.e., the industrial parks, in the course of construction, reconstruction or modernization of competitive industrial real estate. The purpose of the study is to elaborate methodological approaches and practical recommendations for structuring efficient industrial eco-development models as investment and construction systems for efficient management of multi-format industrial real estate facilities' reproduction in the course of industrial parks construction within the framework of public-private partnership models. The study focus is on industrial construction systems as industrial eco-development structures responsible for investment projects management in industrial parks at all stages of the life cycle of operation. The scientific results given in this paper: the peculiarities of the industrial parks' market formation and growth in Russia and abroad, as well as the analysis of organizational impact methods related to the state priorities of the national formation and development of industrial parks; the experience of global and domestic implementation of the sustainable development, green construction and eco-development concepts in relation to the industrial parks' construction; the author's functional and structural modeling of industrial and construction systems as institutions of industrial ecodevelopment of industrial parks, as well as the determination of the life cycle sustainability integral indicators in these ecodevelopment models; graphical interpretation of the predicted ecodevelopment sustainability indicators as the economic reliability of the life cycle functioning of industrial construction in relation to the industrial park "Severny Almaz" in the East Siberian region at the early stages of its planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance and purpose of work: The problem of environmental pollution during the operation of municipal solid waste disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as MSW) is acute for all Russian regions. At the same time, the world experience of environmentally safe development of post reclamation MSW landfills territories is not sufficiently implemented in Russia. Therefore, the actual purpose of this paper is to study the international and Russian experience in the implementation of development projects on the territories of MSW landfills, to consider the current situation with MSW landfills on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region, to analyze negative implementation experience of the post-reclamation territory use concept in the MSW landfill "Salarievo" case. A comprehensive analysis of the Russian regulatory framework and methodological developments on the design and improvement of public areas in reclaimed areas of MSW landfills, as well as the best foreign practices compared to Russian ones. The research object is landfills of MSW. The research subject is the principal approaches to the implementation of development projects in the territories after the reclamation of landfills of MSW. The received results: the foreign and Russian methodology and practice of rational post reclamation use of the MSW landfills territory practically don't differ. However, at present there is no regulatory framework in Russia allowing to stipulate in the reclamation project further use of such a territory. The former MSW "Salarievo" landfill case gives grounds to formulate the principle that the improvement of the landfill territory is secondary compared to the possible reduction of the sanitary protection zone, which allows significant compacting of the adjacent residential complex "Salarievo Park" (to increase the number of storeys, the buildings density and the final investment attractiveness of the development project). In order to implement the national project "Ecology" and the Clean Country program as part of it, it is essential to develop a regulatory framework for the design of reclamation and elimination of MSW landfills, which allows to obtain Roskomnadzor's permission to use such territories for the investment-attractive development of multi-functional purposes in demand by the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the problems of forming a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the achievements and great successes in science and technology, as well as technologies used by people. It is shown that they are still quite far from the "waste-free" processes of nature, in which energy or matter passes from one state to another and find their place in ecological systems. Research in this area does not raise doubts. Environmental pollution, irrational use of natural goods and components leave their detrimental imprint on human health and life, society and the ecosystem as a whole. The study showed that the formation of a comfortable urban environment is a set of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and development of environmentally hazardous situations and eliminating their consequences, as well as protecting the life, health of the population and society as a whole. At the same time, its goal is to create a favorable and comfortable environment for human life, as an integral element of the ecosystem, to ensure the protection of biological diversity and natural resources from various kinds of threats, including natural, man-made, anthropogenic and others. In the field of ensuring a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources in Russia, specific subjects of the state have other equally important issues that need to be resolved, which are often not paid attention to in a timely manner. The materials presented in the study show that ensuring the formation of a comfortable urban environment and rational use of natural resources needs a certain reform, which would make it possible, in the legislative and organizational terms, to finally stabilize the activity of this system, as well as to determine its role as a tool for protecting the population, society, natural resources and the environment in the new socio-economic conditions for the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the study of issues of greening urban construction and environmental standardization of housing facilities. Based on a comparative review of foreign and Russian practice in the development and application of environmental standards, the scale of the spread and regulation of sustainable (green) construction in Russia and abroad was determined; the shortcomings of the regulatory and legal framework for urban environmental construction were revealed using the example of the Rostov region; the problems of the slow development of green construction in Russia were highlighted. As a result of the study, development factors have been identified and methods have been proposed to achieve an accelerated increase in the volume of green building in the Russian Federation. Green construction is one of the most pressing global trends that have come to the architectural and construction industry over the past decade. Today, construction is one of the main activities that have a detrimental effect on the environment, and it is necessary to talk about the urgent need for scientific substantiation and practical implementation of environmental solutions during construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Railway crossing has always been a source of increased danger for vehicles and pedestrians crossing it. Every year in Russia, several hundred-road accidents occur at railway crossings, dozens of people die. To increase the safety of traffic at railway crossings, automatic systems for detection of objects in the immediate danger zone can be used. These are sensors of optical (cameras, lidars) and radio ranges. The main disadvantage of optical devices is their limited functionality in insufficient visibility conditions: snowfall, rain, fog. Note that the radar is devoid of this disadvantage and retains its specified detection characteristics under any weather conditions. The paper deals with the analysis of the approach to form the directivity characteristics of the phased antenna array for 24 GHz FMCW radar used in the system of automatic control at the railway crossings. The feature of the proposed technique is applying of two widely spaced incoherent omnidirectional in azimuthal plane transmitters that provide the interferometric structure of transmit pattern. The important requirement for radar systems of detecting objects at a railway crossing are a wide field of view (up to 90 degrees) and, at the same time, high accuracy in determining coordinates. The last requirement assumes a relatively high resolution in angular coordinates (several degrees). The proposed structure of the transmitting antenna array allows the improvement of the angular resolution in comparison with the conventional array with the same aperture. The receiving antenna array should provide a low level of the sidelobes and a given beamwidth of the radar directivity pattern. The rotation of the beam of the receiving phased antenna array is carried out in the digital signal processing (DSP) system, since separated phase shifters are also not used in receivers. Optimization was carried out on the level of the side lobes and the resulting width of the radar beam. To reduce the side lobe level, a sidelobe compensation method is used. It is known, zero is formed in DP of the compensation channel in the direction of the maximum of DP of the main channel. In the presented work, the central six channels of the receiver are used to form the main beam. In the case of a compensation beam, the first six channels have the opposite phase to the rest to form a zero of DP. Theoretical justification is presented. The results of mathematical modeling are shown. To study the features of work in a real railway crossing, a prototype of 24 GHz radar was designed. Also, transmit and receive positions of FSR were used. The work of the prototype was studied in the conditions when objects of interest, including cars and pedestrians, were moving through the crossing. The results of the prototype testing are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing schemes of low-voltage distribution networks for agricultural purposes do not correspond to the modern technical standards. They deteriorate the reliability of power supply, the electricity quality, and increase its losses. The paper analyses the existing power supply schemes for private households and agricultural consumers in Russia and other countries. In North America, private houses are sometimes connected to the scheme using the 120-240 V individual transformers. A similar concept can be used to modernize the Russian electrical grid. The basic principle of the 0.95 kV electricity distribution system is to organize networks of this voltage class, with partial use of the main elements of the existing low voltage (0.4 kV) networks. The transformer substations for voltage 6/0.95/0.4 kV or 6/0.95 kV and individual low-power (0.95 (0.55)/0.4 (0.23) kV) transformers are installed in close proximity to the consumer. The new concept for the construction of the 0.95 kV electrical grid will reduce technical losses of electricity by 5-10% or more and commercial losses by 30% of the actual value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of the twenty years' results of restructuring (which is still ongoing) the electric power industry in Russia from the perspective of systems studies. It indicates that most of the reform goals focusing on significant enhancement of the industry efficiency based on market relations have not been achieved. This failure was due to the lack of a comprehensive rationale for adopted lines of the reform, the absence of systems analysis, and no assessment of the consequences of implementing the Western electricity market models in the context of Russia. Wholesale and retail markets for electricity and heat have been created but formally and without full-fledged competition. The inflow of investment in the energy sector was insufficient. The study shows that advanced technologies are currently adopted in Russia's power industry, but necessary measures to transform market relations are not undertaken. Based on the consideration of current challenges and trends, some directions for the wholesale and retail energy markets transformation in Russia have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study outlines a methodological approach to assessing the impact of greenhouse gas emission limits on the innovative development of TPPs. The proposed methodological approach is based on a dynamic optimization territory-specific (with a breakdown into aggregated regions) production model of the country's energy sector. The authors present a list of the tasks that are solved in the electric power and heating module of the energy sector model. The paper also describes the results of the assessment of the impact of limits on CO2 emissions from thermal power plants in Russia on their innovative development in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the unique role of the educational system in the life of the modern digital society, which focuses on the basic provisions, values and principles that are inherent in the post-industrial era. The efficiency and quality of the work of the education system directly depends on human potential, the ability of people to overcome not only natural, but also cultural challenges. The difficult modern conditions in which Russia found itself require a qualitative transformation of the entire national educational system. The object of research in the article is the digital culture inherent in modern Russian society, in the development of its impact on the transformation of the educational environment. The analysis of digitalization in the system of higher education carried out by the authors shows that at the moment it is a form of administrative-compulsory imposition in higher educational institutions in the form of distance learning technologies, for example, in the form of online courses, while the practical experience of many leading foreign institutions shows that they have an extremely low degree of integration into the higher education system. The purpose of the study conducted in the article is to study various possible directions for the development of digital culture based on the analysis and subsequent assessment of the degree of its interaction with modern values of education. The authors propose a conceptual scheme for creating a metauniversity in the form of a technological platform operating in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper assesses wood as a valuable raw material for the production of building, finishing, insulating materials and fuel. An analysis was made of the production activities of one of the timber enterprises of the Angara-Yenisei region and the portfolio of marketable products produced by it for the period from 2017 to 2021. An assessment is made of the dynamics of changes in production volumes and the cost of fibreboard, lumber and pellets over 5 years. The influence of the average distance of cargo transportation, the pace of housing construction in Russia, the volume of production in the furniture industry, the growth of the global economy, restrictions on the export of products to the European market caused by both the spread of coronavirus infection and the foreign political situation in the world on the production volumes of wood processing enterprises, its cost is described. and demand. In order to improve the timber industry enterprise, the need to ensure an optimal balance of production and consumption of wood biomass by means of improving the portfolio of manufactured products is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), the issues of timely delivery of raw materials and goods are becoming the main factor in the efficiency of formed transport and logistics chains. The acceleration of the process of cargo transportation in international traffic has an impact on the economic and political interaction of the participating countries. Today, transit transportation of goods and containers should be carried out according to the principles of "seamless" logistics. Such transportation is possible only with the development and implementation of digital technologies and the creation of a single information platform with the connection of all participants in the transport market. The state of the terminal and transport infrastructure of border checkpoints is a limiting element in the movement and processing of foreign trade cargo flows. The purpose of this article is to study the problems of functioning of border checkpoints on the territory of the Far Eastern District of Russia and to consider the criteria for the formation of terminal and logistics infrastructure for the effective passage of projected cargo volumes. The paper presents and describes two groups of criteria – basic and additional. At the end of the article, the existing technological problems in the passage of goods across the state border are considered and tools for improving the efficiency of the organization and promotion of international goods are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, none of the modes of transport can independently satisfy all customer requests. For example, without the use of road transport, it will not be possible to deliver cargo "from door to door". The increase in the volume of multimodal transport allows to reduce the imbalance between different modes of transport and optimize the transport system. Transportation from the Pacific region is particularly relevant at the moment, as this region is a reliable partner of Russia during the introduction of new sanctions by the European Union. And the active development of the Pacific region In this paper, the transportation of auto parts in containers will be considered, which is also an urgent topic, since the container transportation market shows positive dynamics every year. The purpose of this work was to develop an optimal transportation route from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems of development of transport and road complex in the era of transformation of socio-economic systems, in particular caused by consequences of pandemic COVID-19, were analyzed. The justification for the need to develop a new strategy for the development of the transport and road complex for the exit of the economic system of the Russian Federation from the crisis is given. The logic of constructing the author's concept is presented, in which the transport and road complex is considered not simply as a factor of economic development, but as an attractor of the development of the socio-economic system of the state. The paper presents an analysis of the picture of state bifurcations and methods of reproducing the transport network. The synergy of the process of influence of transport and road complex on socio-economic system is described. An algorithm for choosing spatial solutions for the development of the transport and road complex has been developed to expand communication opportunities and eliminate the socio-economic asymmetry of the development of individual territories. Conclusions were drawn on the possibility of using the proposed concept of the development of the transport and road complex in the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation to overcome the crisis caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the construction of buildings and structures in the Rostov region, as in other territories of the Russian Federation, much attention is paid to the issue of deformation of load-bearing structures due to the influence of additive soils. Some ancient buildings are of architectural value or unique ones where the museums are located. A number of such buildings are currently in renovation. The reconstruction must be carried out while maintaining the external architectural value or building colour peculiarity. Each paper must have an abstract of 100-200 words. In each case, it is necessary to consider the application of the advanced construction methods and technologies. For welding building structures, specially developed welding modes are used, and make it possible to increase the metal melting at the beginning, which reduces the number of defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global digital economy the discrepancy between the requirements of employers and vocational training in Russia has received considerable critical attention. Institutions of higher education play a key role in the information and communication competence development. This paper finds that a foreign language course at a non-linguistic university is an optimal tool for the development and improvement of these skills. The aim of this study was to clarify the foreign language teaching methods within a Master's course at the agrarian university, which can provide information and communication competence development. The system of the foreign language teaching methods for the development and improvement of digital literacy is presented. The authors conclude that the development efficiency depends on many factors, including the willingness of the teacher himself to use digital tools, and the pedagogical aspect of their development and implementation. Students' motivation is crucial as well. The questionnaire required students to give self-assessment of their digital skills after the foreign language course. 'Communication and collaboration', 'Information and data literacy' components are developed on the advanced level due to the youth involvement in communication through digital gadgets and apps. However, learning skills require special methods of development and improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is urgent due the practical orientation of modern educational paradigm with data analysis applied as the main tool to obtain new scientific results in psychological and pedagogical experiments. This emphasizes the need for basic mathematical education of scientists. The study reveals the potential of statistical hypothesis testing toolkit without using special statistical data processing packages and preliminary mathematical training of scientists. The paper presents the results of a long-term pedagogical experiment on the development of pedagogical approaches in the traditional education of Evens school-age children by organizing a summer nomadic camp from 2002 to 2017 in.the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of the Russian Federation. The paper describes in detail the methodology of applying the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which makes it possible to determine the statistical significance of typical shifts in coherent samples. In this study the results of the Evens school-age children's achievements BEFORE and AFTER attending the nomadic camp were used as coherent samples. Despite the general and non-specific descriptions of the campers' achievements, the described algorithm for using the rank non-parametric criterion made it possible to quantify the main pedagogical results obtained during the pedagogical experiment to develop and test a new form of traditional education for children of indigenous small-numbered people inhabiting the North executed as a summer nomadic camp. The results thus obtained are of practical importance for the researchers in the field of data analysis in psychological and pedagogical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the results of flattening tests of aluminum annular specimens subjected to deformation processing by a new method of channel angular pressing (CAP) of annular metal billets developed on the basis of inventions patented in the Russian Federation. Aluminum annular billets (99.4% Al) of 13.9 mm diameter, 1.9 mm wall thickness, and 8 mm height were subjected to CAP at room temperature with a device of D / d ≅ 1.14 outlet and inlet channels diameter ratio. The annular billets were loaded with a tubular punch by a hydraulic press. Load curves for flattening of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) are given. The authors demonstrate the mechanical properties under flattening (radial compression) of aluminum annular specimens in the initial state and after CAP. Mechanical radial compression tests of aluminum annular specimens (99.4% Al) of 16 mm diameter, 1.35 mm wall thickness and 4.15 mm height were made with Instron-1195 testing machine at constant loading speed of ≍0.83 × 10−5 ms−1. An increase in the yield point of aluminum (99.4 % Al) resulted from CAP at room temperature has been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with the problem of the development of renewable energy in the world. The paper presents the efficient potential of solar and geothermal energy in Russia. The advantages of using renewable energy technologies in buildings are presented. Examples of the introduction of renewable power plants into the building envelope are considered. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of solar facade power plants with thin-film panels is given on the example of a three-story residential building in two cities of Russia. The methods of regulation of state policy in relation to renewable energy in a number of countries are considered. The article provides comparable data on the percent of renewable energy sources in the total energy balance of European Union and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of diversity of land ownership forms should be linked to the principles of equivalent exchange, economic efficiency and social justice. In the work, with the help of analysis, synthesis and provisions presented in scientific papers, the theoretical aspects of the influence of land ownership forms on land use in agriculture are revealed. The study shows that the use of agricultural land under different forms of ownership gives the following results: private land ownership in the agricultural sector promotes interest in efficient agriculture, rational use of land; private group form of land ownership promotes economic efficiency, preservation of soil fertility and social efficiency through the distribution of land rent in society; state and municipal ownership of agricultural land can contribute to economic efficiency and promotes social efficiency. The authors see in the future the development of a variety of land ownership forms in agriculture of the Russian Federation, while there will be a tendency to increase the area of agricultural land owned by the municipality, legal entities and a reduction in the area of agricultural land owned by the state and citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the industrial and potentially industrial types of niobium deposits in Russia are characterized by high content of phosphorus. The use of such raw materials when enriching by known methods leads to additional costs and losses of niobium. In this regard, it becomes impossible to obtain standard grades of ferroniobium according to the existing technological schemes. The paper considers the possibility of obtaining complex ferroalloys from Russian niobium raw materials with an increased phosphorus content based on alloys of the Fe-Al-P and Fe-Si-Al-P systems at a variable concentration of aluminum (10-20%) and silicon (10-30%). The process of sublimation of phosphorus from melts is studied in the temperature range of 1400-1700 °C. It's shown that aluminum does not affect in the studied alloys, and silicon contributes to the sublimation of phosphorus. With a significant phosphorus content in the alloy (10-18%), the presence of 20% silicon in the Fe-Si-Al-P system leads to the sublimation of phosphorus up to 20%. It's also shown that an increase in temperature affects an increase in the activity of phosphorus and its sublimation. The intensity of phosphorus sublimation increases especially at temperatures ≥ 1600 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to the development and operation of autonomous installations on photovoltaic cells. Typical structure of an autonomous power plant is described. The authors consider the methodology for assessing insolation on an inclined surface, insolation is assessed for the Kaliningrad region, Russia. The paper describes a developed computer model of an autonomous power plant and presents the results of its operation. A prototype of an autonomous power plant is described. Authors assess its operation during the year and make a conclusion of the use of this power plant in the conditions of the Kaliningrad region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the current state of the use of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the digital economy involves the use of innovative, digital, cluster, information and computer technologies, as well as new managerial, economic, organizational methods, with fundamentally new properties, which are aimed at increasing the efficiency of production, management and implementation for all areas of the agro-industrial complex. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation, digital standards, types of digital technologies, the paper considers the types of digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex and the possibility of their use for future development. The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic scientists-economists on the development of innovations and digital technologies in the agro-industrial complex; general scientific research methods (abstract-logical, economic-statistical, etc.) were used, as well as open analytical materials on the development of digital technologies, the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in the agro-industrial complex, etc. The article reveals that the range of digital technologies currently being created for the agro-industrial complex is diverse and it is aimed at solving a set of problems: growth of output and the efficiency of the agricultural enterprise, introduction of artificial intelligence; creation of insight based on images; determination of the optimal mixture for agronomic products; monitoring the state of crops; methods of automating irrigation and stimulating farmers, etc. As world best practices show, the use of digital technologies in agriculture makes it possible to achieve economic growth in the industry. However, the main problem of introducing digital technologies in agriculture is the high cost of their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, including Russia, are paying increasing attention to improving the quality of the urban environment, which is impossible without a corresponding improvement of infrastructure. This is related not only to the new sanitary requirements caused by the covid19 pandemic, but also in general to the development of cities and the strengthening of their role in socio-economic development. In Russia, web.rf is actively implementing a programme to support the development of a modern urban economy, focusing on the country's 100 largest cities. Development of urban infrastructure is always the responsibility of local authorities. Today, the investor is ready, within the framework of public-private partnership, to participate in joint implementation of infrastructure projects. The paper considers current trends in the development of urban infrastructure in Russian practice. The sectors in which "smart city" projects are implemented to the greatest extent are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the analytical review and the practical experience of the authors in the preparation of construction organization projects (COP) and work production projects (WPP) indicate that the state of the issue regarding the completeness and quality of the development of these sections by the design organizations of the Samarkand region is not at the proper level. The reasons for this are some imperfections of certain provisions of the regulatory documents of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a number of other factors. The aim of the paper was to study the existing domestic and advanced foreign experience in order to develop appropriate proposals, recommendations and eliminate the existing shortcomings. The research consisted in comparing the provisions of regulatory documents of Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation, studying regulatory and legislative acts and decrees, instructional letters, scientific publications on organizational and technological design, studying the opinions of experts. Methods of comparative analysis, expert assessments, etc. were used. Based on the research results, a package of proposals was drawn up for adjusting and supplementing the provisions of the regulatory documents of Uzbekistan, which were presented in a number of the largest design and construction organizations, as well as the Engineering Company, where they found understanding, approval and support. The noted proposals have been submitted to the relevant authorities for consideration, and their practical implementation will contribute to an increase in the quality level of the developed project documentation, and, ultimately, to the practical implementation of construction projects in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mine water entering catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines contains a significant amount of solid particles of various sizes, which explains frequent siltation of these mine workings, as well as intense hydroabrasive wear of operating pumping equipment, in particular impellers with sealing rings and hydraulic heel assembly. As you know, in the event of siltation, water collectors lose their initial storage capacity, and mechanical wear of the pumps is accelerated due to clogging of mesh filters of their receiving devices, as a result of which an emergency situation can arise up to partial flooding of the mining object. Thus, it can be seen that the reservoirs necessarily need to be periodically cleaned from settled mud-sludge slurry. The cleaning frequency of catchment areas of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation is relatively small. Practice shows that in the conditions of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, the pumping equipment of water-drainage stations has too excessive pressure, which leads to unproductive financial costs of electricity consumption. This paper describes and scientifically substantiates a technical solution aimed at increasing the efficiency of drainage units of underground kimberlite mines in the Russian Federation, whose pumping equipment has excess pressure, through its utilization to combat mechanical impurities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world has had different challenges and needs to analyze and track trends in regional economies. This paper examines economic indicators leading to spatial differentiation within macro-regions for the case of both Bulgaria and Russia as countries that have similar conditions on some key indicators of regional development. The analysis period is long - 20 years in order to be able to derive more specific trends in the behavior of production activity. Data on regional gross domestic product, population, foreign direct investment and employment were used as a basis, treating the sectoral and spatial variation within local emerging markets. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is calculated to highlight leading economic activities in different regions for an explanation of ongoing trends nature and an assessment of diversification degree of the spatial distribution of economic activities. We find using the multivariate OLS model that diversification in construction has a stronger influence on regional growth than diversification of the total amount of all investments in all sectors of resourse region. We concluded that foreign direct investment in the regional economies of Bulgaria and the Siberian macro-region would contribute to infrastructural development, which we will investigate later in our next joint works. The guidelines in the differences that are derived are of particular importance in the planning of regional policies and preparation of strategic documents and predetermine the need to analyze regional economies periodically and systematically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article was written as part of the general work on the development of a methodology for conducting scientific and technical support during the construction of unique high-rise buildings, related to organizational and technical measures in the implementation of scientific and technical support for the construction of high-rise buildings. This article describes the process of determining the effectiveness of scientific and technical support in the construction of unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that the methodology for conducting scientific and technical support for construction is not fixed in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation, the process of conducting scientific and technical support at construction sites is often formal and does not affect the reduction of construction time, cost reduction, risk reduction, etc. indicators. In order to streamline the process of conducting scientific and technical support for construction, this work is developing a methodology for generating a list of organizational and technical measures that have lists of criteria for the possibility of applying these measures for various unique high-rise buildings. Due to the fact that unique high-rise construction objects are considered, individual organizational and technical measures should be applied to each object, taking into account various geological, environmental, and natural conditions at the objects. The paper presents a calculation of the effectiveness of conducting scientific and technical support, this calculation allows you to determine how effective scientific and technical support will be at the facility in the event of certain organizational and technical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the analysis results of scientometric data of modern Russian research in Computer science to form and evaluate thematic trends, as well as determine their position relative to the trends of world scientific publications. The study is based on the methods of scientometric analysis of bibliographic data to reveal the thematic distribution of scientific publications, including in retrospect. The bibliographic database of the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.Ru, the Scopus database, as well as the annual reports "Research fronts" published by Clarivate Analytics were used as data sources. In the course of the study, an examination of scientific publications was carried out, and internal research fronts were identified. A conclusion is drawn about the catching-up position of Russian research in the field of Computer sciences, and an assumption is made about the thematic areas that will be relevant in Russia in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer preferences are one of the major factors which influence consumer behavior and the purchasing decisions. Factor analysis can be applied in order to identify the most significant consumer preferences and to form market segments. The paper presents a methodology of using statistical factor analysis in researching and identifying the key behavioral factors influencing consumers' choice of bakery products. Thus, the study analyzes the possibilities of factor analysis application in the consumer behavior research. The authors propose using the semantic differential method to assess the priorities of consumers in their choice of bakery products. The object of the study is the bakery products market of the Ural region of the Russian Federation. The sample of consumers in the scope of the study consisted of 405 respondents. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software was used to analyze the obtained primary data. Factor analysis allowed the authors to identify the key factors influencing the choice of consumers: brand awareness, information on the packaging, naturalness of the product, freshness, presence of taste modifiers, and price. The adequacy of the sample was verified using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test of sphericity. The multicollinearity between variables was assessed with the correlation matrix. In order to extract the factors and determine the number of the factors, the authors carried out the principal components analysis (PCA). The results prove that factor analysis allows extracting important factors from consumer survey data and identify consumer segments with specific peculiarities of priorities. A set of marketing communications has been developed for each segment based on the characteristics of the extracted factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies problems in the country's energy sector associated with low efficiency. Thus, a comparative analysis of statistical data showed that in 2020 there was an increase in the share of unprofitable energy enterprises in Russia from 46.3 to 48.3%, the growth of losses increased to 448,505 billion rubles, exceeding the values of 2019 -141,510 billion rubles, therefore, more than 3 times. It is shown that there is an increase in the degree of depreciation of fixed assets of energy enterprises from 45.7 to 47.6%, which is accompanied by an increase in the costs of maintaining the operability of equipment. In addition, the costs of correcting internal defects are increasing due to the poor-quality organization of monitoring the equipment condition, which also reduces the efficiency of energy enterprises. Different approaches to solving the problem have been summarized: the use of information innovations in the energy sector, the introduction of technological and transactional innovations, as well as innovations in the management of an energy company, for example, the transition to project management or a risk-based management model in the electric power industry. We offer project management to reduce non-manufacturing costs in an energy company on a concrete example of reducing the costs of internal defects correction and implementing an improvement algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we highlight the problems related to UN SDG number 7 (providing affordable, reliable and sustainable energy) by analyzing the current infrastructure that provides uninterrupted reliable energy supply to technologically isolated and hard-to-reach territories in the Russian Federation. We explain the different components of Hybrid Energy Complexes that include various elements of renewable energy sources, we analyze the factors influencing the efficiency of these complexes and we optimize the composition of these complexes by using a mathematical simulation program that predicts various output indicators. By comparing our estimates with actual data in Ust-Kamchatsk, we are able to highlight the accuracy of our program as well as make conclusions on how its future implementation may have a positive effect on both ecological and economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the current state of Indian Railways and dwells upon the present and potential challenges. Railways act as one of the major and busiest networks globally; it is a quintessential model of commercial transport for both goods and passengers. Recognized as the largest employer globally, it is hardly surprising that Indian Railways directly employs 6% of the total employment within the organized sector plus a 2.5% employment that gets generated through other entities dependent on it. The Railways boasts of being the fourth-largest rail network world-wide. Thus it is credited as the most accessible, prevalent, and affordable means of both passenger and goods transport. Having said this, it does face tough challenges in terms of catering to the ever-rising population and keeping a check on operational costs, which puts several constraints ahead of it. A committee of experts has been constituted to enforce reforms and improvements in services from time to time. This study tries to reflect upon the reforms proposed by experts with a special focus on Foreign Direct Investment requirements and creating a sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model. The study endeavors to benchmark the Indian Railways with the Russian Railways' recent experience implementing the FDI and PPP models. It suggests a way forward to enforce better private participation and dwell upon policy measures to reform the Indian Railways. The study is qualitative and highlights the constraints and challenges that they pose in people's service. To analyze the scenario further, we have tried to draw a parallel with relatable economies like Russia and benchmarked with the Russian Railway's reforms, which could help compare similar reforms in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of today, the Russian Federation puts a special emphasis on the country's digital transformation in general and shows a particular interest towards big data, which is confirmed by a number of documents analyzed and the situation in the subject area. The research paper presented to your attention analyzes big data. One of their application areas is a public sector, in particular, the operation of federal regional bodies of the executive authority. The main value of big data from the governmental point of view consists in the possibility of work with heterogeneous information to improve the efficiency of management decision taking over a wide range of issues. The key research purpose is extrapolating the expertise in big data analysis used in the work of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Primorsky Territory. To do this, the authors suggest addressing to the theoretical assumptions of big data, learning the key chain of work on them and focusing on the national and foreign experience of data use in certain knowledge fields. The practical part of the research includes the description of the operation experience of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Prymorsky Territory directly relating to the region digital development and providing a certain list of works with heterogeneous data. As an example, the authors pay attention to the approved approach to the analysis of a large set of open data, characterizing the SME work and development in the Primorsky Territory, placed at the website of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. The conclusion highlights the point that the suggested approach on the data processing can be adapted to similar needs in other federal regional authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of using multidimensional analysis to determine composite quality indices of systems may be the specifics of the data used. Traditionally used as an initial transformation, data scaling does not eliminate the existing data properties. Logarithmic transformation is usually mentioned as possible, but recommendations for its use in the construction of composite indicators are not given. The paper proposes a criterion for the application of logarithmic transformation of variables. Logarithmic transformation is necessary exclusively for anomalous variables. An anomality criteria based on the signal-to-noise ratio of data in a proposed standard form is used. Visually abnormal variables can also be identified using heat maps. The proposed analytical method for detecting anomalous variables coincides with the results of heat map data analysis. The evaluation of the effectiveness of using logarithmic transformation in assessing the quality of poorly formalized systems is examined. Composite indexes of the quality of life for regions of the Russian Federation are calculated. The use of logarithmic correction for anomalous variables solves the problem with the negativity of the weighting coefficients as well as providing a more correct socio-economic interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four pillars of learning identified in the UNESCO report in 1996 include four “L”s: Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, and Learning to be. Since then educators have been discussing how four pillars of learning can affect 21st century’s curriculum. Evidently, space-related education is based on traditional type curriculum. Therefore, integration of new approaches in aerospace engineering and science curriculum is often challenging. This paper argues that transdisciplinary and project-based approach can be used in building innovative aerospace engineering and other space-related disciplines core curricula. The paper proposes using SDTP/MSIP projects as foundation for creating multi-disciplinary curricula in different universities and countries. The proposed methodology includes pilot team projects performed during two-week summer workshop, task diversification between participating universities, comprehensive individual studies (analysis), and joint findings reports (synthesis). Such approach is proposed to be tested during SDTP-2017 and in 2017-2018 academic year in Russia (MGTU) and USA (University of Houston). The paper concludes with an analysis of potential opportunities and complications for the development and integration of presented academic strategy to increase adaptability of diverse hands-on experiences into already established educational programs in Russia and the US. In a summary, a platform for further inquiry into multi-disciplinary academic strategies is discussed for more in-depth investigation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to identify the preparation process of seismic events using spectral analysis of microseismic noise was earlier shown in laboratory experiment in the form of reduction of natural frequency of oscillations during the transition of the system to a metastable state. Field studies of the Chilean subduction zone allowed us to identify large earthquakes with the same effects before them. In this paper investigation of the natural frequencies of block oscillations, which can be detected in the spectrum of seismic noise, was performed at a lower scale. Measurements were performed near Gubkin (Belgorod region, Russia), where the development of iron ore deposits and explosive works are carried out regularly. We used the data of the high-frequency accelerometer that was installed at the depth of 300 m from the surface. Spectral centroid reduction in the frequency range of 20–1200 Hz was identified before small seismic events with the amplitude of more than 10 mm/s². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certifying a transport airplane for the flights under icing conditions requires calculations aimed at definition of the dimensions and shapes of the ice formed on the airplane surfaces. Up to date, software developed in Russia for simulation of ice accretion and authorized by Russian certifying supervisory authority, is absent. The paper describes methodology IceVision recently developed in Russia for calculations of ice accretion on airplane surfaces. This methodology is implemented in CFD software FlowVision used by numerous companies and universities in Russia and abroad. The methodology differs from known approaches to simulation of ice accretion. In particular, changing the ice shape is calculated with use of technology VOF. This technology assumes calculations of continuous ice growth accompanied by local rebuilding the computational mesh. The implemented mathematical model provides capability to simulate formation of rime (dry) and glaze (wet) ice. Numerical solutions of validation test problems performed using methodology IceVision are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article formulates the key problems in personnel policy field with reference to Russian enterprises of the textile industry. Summing up the results of the study made at St Petersburg enterprises, the conclusion is made on flexible forms of employment as one of the most effective personnel policy approaches. The paper highlights the fact that the key objective of personnel policy for the Russian enterprises for the coming years is creating teams of professionals capable of ensuring the company's strategic development. It has been demonstrated that for increased efficiency of personnel policy it's useful to apply flexible forms of employment to form highly-professional labour teams as well as use a comprehensive approach aimed at increasing efficiency of personnel selection and their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work was carried out at the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin. The paper investigates the bismuth behavior when it is introduced into a metal melt in the solid round blanks form of a given size. To implement the experiments, we were used a high-temperature setup with an X-ray television observation system. The work developed a mathematical model of thermophysical processes during the introduction of cold spherical low-melting samples such as bismuth into a steel melt. The model takes into account the temperature dependences of heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity in the solid and liquid states, as well as the sample size dependence of the density. The simulation showed that taking into account the temperature dependences of thermophysical characteristics has a very significant effect on the results. So, in comparison with the model with constant heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity, heating of a bismuth sample in a steel melt occur four times faster. Using the developed model, we have studied the sample size influence on the rate of their melting. In this work, a formula is obtained for an approximate estimate of the complete melting time of alloying elements, using the example of bismuth in steel. The obtained mathematical model can be applied to low-melting, easily oxidizing, and volatile elements. Comparative analysis of quality shows good comparability of experimental and calculated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a method for monitoring the main parameters of underground oil pipelines, taking into account changes in soil foundations, mainly in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The section of the oil pipeline is considered in terms of monitoring heat engineering processes and their influence on the reliability of the system. The main results of calculations of the oil pipeline section are described; changes in soil foundations are modeled. As an example for the calculations, a multilayer pipe with polyurethane foam insulation and coating was used. It showed the best performance as a result of modeling in comparison with the design one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important industries in the modern world is the petroleum industry, which provides fuel, lubricants and other refined products for all areas of human activities. The production of high-quality and safe petrochemical products is the first priority of all refineries worldwide. For a long time, the petroleum industry in Russia has been dependent on imported catalysts and their quality. The import substitution policy requires the development of home produced oil refining catalysts. The paper considers the problem of introducing new test methods for the production of new types of catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to low-carbon development, to reduce the negative impact on the environment, mainly affects the energy sector. Natural gas occupies a stable position of the demand of the Unified Energy System of Russia for 2021-2026 in fossil fuel. When natural gas is burned, thermal nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as NOx) are predominantly formed in power-generating boiler of thermal power plants. This article presents the modeling and study of the natural gas combustion process with the organization of flue gas recirculation to the active burning zone on the example of a power-generating boiler of the TGMT-464 type, using the ANSYS Fluent software package. The paper presents a model and graphs of the temperature and NOx content distribution in the active burning zone with a change in the proportion of flue gas recirculation from 0 to 22%. The decrease in the emission of harmful substances is explained by the decrease in the peak flame temperature in the active burning zone, which is the main indicator of the formation of NOx. The decrease in temperature in the active burning zone is explained by an increase in the volume of gases in the combustion zone. The article is intended for postgraduate, candidate for a doctor's degree interested in the development of methods for suppressing the formation of NOx in the combustion products power-generating boiler at TPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a bind of ways to improve indoor air conditions in the basement premises of the restored and reconstructed historical buildings. The features of the functional purpose of these basements are given and connected with religious architectural traditions of Russia. The measures are affecting the indoor air quality in the premises and building envelope conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important task of improving the structural safety of buildings and structures is to improve the methodology for examining their technical condition. One of the significant stages of the building survey is a preliminary or visual survey, during which visible defects and damage are identified that affect the bearing capacity and performance of structures. Further, depending on the degree of damage to structures, the need for a detailed survey of the building with openings of building structures, testing of structural materials and verification calculations is determined. On large objects with a significant number of defects, a visual inspection with fixation of all defects and damages requires a highly qualified expert and a lot of labor. With frequent recurrence of defects, there is a possibility of skipping them and obtaining a biased examination result. A significant increase in the efficiency of detecting defects and damage at the stage of visual inspection can be facilitated by the use of neural network technologies using machine learning methods. Works in Russia and abroad in all fields of science and technology are currently devoted to the study of the operation of neural networks, which indicates the high promise of these technologies. In this paper, we studied a convolutional neural network model created in the Google Cloud Vision API, applied to detect cracks in reinforced concrete building structures. To train the neural network, images of cracks in a real survey object with a monolithic reinforced concrete frame were used. Based on the results of the work, the high efficiency of the constructed model is shown and the possibility of its application in the diagnosis of other types of defects encountered during the inspection of reinforced concrete structures of buildings is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of our research is to show (by example of learning curve analysis) possibility of managing the educational process. The article presents experimental results of the construction and quantitative analysis of the learning curve by example of the elementary mathematical skill development. The experiment involved, 11th-grade students at the comprehensive school of the Russian Federation. The results obtained were divided into three groups, for each of which the learning curves were plotted. The paper outlines several dependencies on construction of learning curve approximation. Comparison of the results of the experimental learning curve approximation by various functions may lead to the conclusion that not all of them are satisfactory. The current findings showed that each student has a clearly traceable unique learning curve. It indicates the need for individual trajectory development for teaching every single student to improve the skills acquisition quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents identification and verification of a new version of the mathematical model of the Universal Modeling Method for calculating gas-dynamic characteristics of centrifugal compressors. To identify the loss model, we have tested the 20CE family of model stages designed by the Problem Laboratory of Compressor Engineering TU Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The identification involved the results of 70 model stages tests and the plant test results of the TKR-175E and TKR-140E turbocharger compressors. The identification result was the average error in calculating the efficiency inside 1.2% for all flow rates. To verify the new model, low flow rate model stages measured characteristic were successfully compared with calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of improving inter-level cooperation in the management of rural areas in modern conditions, in view of the intersectoral and interterritorial affiliation of infrastructure systems, determined the goals and objectives of this paper. The purpose of the study is to determine the guidelines for organizing inter-level cooperation in managing the infrastructure of rural areas on the basis of studying scientific sources, analyzing statistical information, identifying patterns of modern development. The authors considered trends in the development of rural infrastructure on the example of the entities of the Ural macroregion of Russia. Among the results of the study, the role of infrastructure as a material basis is noted, which forms relationships and interactions in rural areas, leading to a qualitatively new integration of participants in reproductive processes associated in a specific location. To overcome negative trends and improve the quality of cooperation in infrastructure management, it is proposed to introduce the institute of agro-industrial territorial economic systems, which allows developing the logic of management processes while respecting the interests of business, population and management. The results of the study confirmed that inter-level cooperation is the most important element of management activities in achieving sustainable development of rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia. Broomrape (Orobanche cumana) is a parasitic plant, feeding on sunflower roots. The main method to control broomrape is a development of resistant varieties or hybrids. But broomrape constantly evolves and produces new strains. Breeders have to test all the material for resistance to broomrape every time to search for new resistance genes and to select resistant plants from segregating populations. The aim of our work is to evaluate sunflower lines and breeding material by the different testing techniques. The same set of sunflower lines was evaluated in the field, lisimeters, climatic chamber and by the simple laboratory equipment. Broomrape seeds used in all the experiments were collected in the farmer's fields of Krasnodar and Rostov regions of Russia. The field evaluation was certainly the most adequate, but the most expensive, with high risk of soil being contaminated by broomrape seeds and time-consuming also. Lisimeters are useful and have no risk. Climatic chambers and greenhouses are the most popular for testing among the breeders. We try to use also Petri dishes, paper test and small vegetation pods to screen the sunflower material as fast as possible. As a result the most resistant lines (L-2018-1-1 and L-2018-1-2) were recognized. Susceptibility of lines VK 789 and VK 934 B to the new strains of broomrape were proved. Individual plants from segregating populations (L-2018-1A x VK 920 and L-2018-1A x VK930) were identified for the future breeding. Similar results were obtained from all the methods of evaluations, so we recommend using the short laboratory test for screening and lisimetric or field method for the final evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the energy strategy until 2035 of the Russian Federation, obsolete generation facilities are replaced with new promising combined-cycle power units with higher energy efficiency indicators. The difficulties of operating combined-cycle power units, particularly gas turbine units, are primarily related to the working fluid preparation quality. This article discusses the elaborate practice of the air supplied to the compressor, including its cooling and filtration. The paper presents an engineering solution for the technical re-equipment of an integrated air purifier by installing panels for the air's evaporative cooling. The porous structure of the panel material also allows for air filtration. The article presents the dependence of the power of a gas turbine installation on the temperature of the outdoor air in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia). The economic effect of introducing the proposed technology is calculated, which is associated with eliminating lost profits from the under-development of electric energy and the quality of preparation of the working fluid for a gas turbine installation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of the development of the Russian agro-industrial sector, disclosing the export potential of the grain complex of the Russian Federation by improving the logistics infrastructure of the grain market, substantiates the need to create a multifunctional transport and logistics center, a logistics terminal / park (hub), which is a nodal multimodal center at the intersection of federal chains supplies, international trade flows on the example of the international airport "Gagarin" (Saratov). The paper gives an example of the structure of a large logistics center, the infrastructure of which is distinguished by the complexity and variety of facilities and includes not only warehouses, but also production facilities, cargo terminals for handling and temporary storage of goods, service facilities, repair shops for freight vehicles, railway or river cargo terminal, customs, container terminal complex and other elements necessary for the organization of uninterrupted cargo flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the main trends in the development of the fortified and functional food market. The reasons for the development of alimentary diseases in the world and in Russia are considered. The trend of progressive spread of celiac disease is shown. Possible ways to prevent celiac disease are considered. The recipe for gluten-free breads with added nutritional value has been scientifically substantiated, in which gluten-free raw materials - quinoa and lentil flour are used as the main recipe ingredients, and oilseeds - as sources of essential fat-soluble components. Analysis of nutritional value and content of functional ingredients, as well as preclinical studies on laboratory animals have confirmed the high functional effectiveness of the new type of gluten-free product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the topic of oil-containing wastes generated in oil production and refining and having a significant negative impact on the environment. The problem is that only a small amount of oil-containing wastes is currently processed with the help of technologies. To prevent environmental pollution and threats to public health, enterprises need to take measures to neutralize and reduce the hazard class of oily waste for oil storage facilities and distribution depots. The paper presents the case of terminal sludge collectors in Arkhangelsk, situated in the northern part of the Russian Federation. The authors give the rationale for reducing the hazard class of oil-containing wastes, slurry cards stored for long periods at the Arkhangelsk oil transshipment complex. A technology for lowering the hazardous class of oily waste is suggested. It includes several stages and implies the division of oil sludge into layers and splitting the treatment process into phases. The waste disposal treatment consists of dosage, heating, mixing of the solid phase of the waste with organic substances, preparation and heat treatment of mixtures. The application of the method allows for the neutralization and cure of oil-contaminated materials with optimal energy consumption and the use of domestic commercially available equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates interactions among money supply, exchange rates, inflation, and nominal interest rates, which are regulating parameters of the Central bank policy. The study is based on the data received from Russian source in 2002-2016. The major findings are 1) the interest rate demonstrates almost no relation with inflation; 2) ties of money supply and the nominal interest rate are strong; 3) money supply and inflation show meaningful relations only in comparison to their growth rates. We have developed a dynamic model, which can be used in forecasting of macroeconomic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that scientists can benefit from participation in scientific networks as they can receive more and better information in a timely manner and have communication between employees. This paper shows an approach based on the use of methods of analysis of social graphs and thematic modeling to study the community of scientists working on the topic of hematology oncology in Russia. The proposed approach makes it possible to effectively identify research teams, as well as understand what issues they are working on at the moment. The use of this approach allows bringing the strategic management of scientific research within the framework of a scientific or educational organization to a new level, since it allows making data-based decisions in terms of scientific collaboration and assessing the long-term consequences of such decisions. In the work under consideration, the data of 2140 scientific articles from the Scopus / WoS databases on the topic of hematology oncology for 2016-2020 were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes more important stages of introducing nonlinear soil model into design practice in Russia. Results of laboratory and in-situ verification studies are analyzed. Some examples of objects which geotechnical parts were designed using a physically and geometrically nonlinear soil model are given and discussed. Since the soil is a natural media, the values of its mechanical characteristics (parameters) should be determined from in-situ static tests, for example, using pressuremeter devices, that allows to ensure the necessary accuracy in about 25% of the design geotechnical output data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ESG concept in the modern world redefines the investment environment and stimulates the growth of investment strategies that meet the criteria of environmental, social and sustainable management. The real estate and construction sector has the potential to link the implementation of sustainable development initiatives with an increase in investment returns. The environment component of ESG has become a key focus in recent years, but for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, a comprehensive assessment and consideration of all parameters is necessary. According to the authors, the application of ESG principles for complex low-rise buildings, as well as the emergence of a methodology for assessing the compliance of projects with ESG criteria, will increase their competitiveness and serve as an accelerator for the development of the entire low-rise construction industry. Currently, there are already methods for evaluating investment and construction projects of low-rise housing construction, but they allow us to evaluate only individual components of ESG. To assess the compliance of existing methods of certification of projects of complex low-rise buildings with ESG criteria, this paper considers the LEED BD+C for Homes and Multifamily Lowrise, BREEAM, WELL Building Standard, Ecovillage certifications and the methodology for calculating the urban environment quality index approved by the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation. The authors propose criteria for evaluating Environment, Social, Government components for low-rise development projects, and also present a methodology for determining the integral ESG indicator of low-rise construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper outlines the important impact of the introduction of voluntary environmental management in urban environments on environmental protection. An important role in the implementation of projects is played by innovations and tools for promoting innovative solutions that improve the ecological condition of growing areas of human activity. An analysis of the methods of processing and disposal of waste in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries was made. The problems of the waste recycling process are grouped. The methods of innovative implementations for solving environmental problems are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper on the base of new mathematical model a software complex is developed for simulation and prediction of thermal processes in permafrost with presence of various engineering structures, which are sources of heat (cold). As a rule, these sources are production wells and other facilities located at oil and gas fields (in Russia 93% natural gas and 75% oil are produced in permafrost). The developed model and the software codes can be used for long-term forecasting of changes in permafrost and deep layer of freezing (thawing) of soil (active layer thickness - ALT), in depending only with the climatic conditions, as an input for the software, in particular, with average temperature and intensity of solar radiation. An essential feature of this method is "binding" by the original algorithm to a specific geographic location, as determined by latitude and longitude. The software is designed for multi-processor computer systems and will be adapted to the cloud technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the data on chemical composition and crystal morphology of mondmilch (moon milk) sampled from Botovskaya cave, the largest in Russia. This type of sediment has been studied with the application of XRF SR method for the first time. The research of sampled specimens provides new information on chemical composition and structure of moon milk in carbonate karst caves of Eastern Siberia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conceptual design of the "Structural Diagnostics" diffraction beamline 1-2 for "SKIF" synchrotron radiation facility (Koltsovo, Novosibirsk area, Russia) is presented. The beamline will be dedicated to various diffraction techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and SAXS). All the techniques will be implemented in in situ and operando modes to enable real-time monitoring of chemical, physical, or engineering processes. The paper describes scientific scope of the beamline, basic X-ray optical scheme and equipment that will be available at the end-stations. Results of simulations and ray tracing aimed at the optimization of the instrumental resolution and flux are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the IR spectroscopy for determining the composition of photopolymerized plates is considered in the paper. Samples of plates of various manufacturers currently used by printing companies in Russia are investigated. The absorption band analysis of various polymers that are a product of oil refining is performed. The result of the analysis is the data on the composition and properties of photopolymer printing forms (PPF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Vitam regit fortuna, non sapientia' ('Fortune, not wisdom, rules lives)' (Cicero). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results of testing and development scheme involving stonelike siliceous and clay raw materials in the production of high-strength ceramics for road construction - roads, sidewalks, squares with the requirements to ensure the load. The first type includes the flask and lithological variations. The second - argillilike clay, mudstone, tufoargillity, siltstone and others. Their main advantage is high prevalence in many regions of Russia. It reflected the urgency and relevance of application of high-strength products are not only expensive, but also in industrial and civil buildings, private house building. The analysis of raw material base and selected for the study group stonelike raw material (flask, mudstones, shales). The basic factors for the successful implementation stonelike siliceous and argillaceous rocks, taking into account technological features of modern equipment. The basic requirements for clinker products and to the structure of them. Conducted laboratory and technological tests of samples taken deposits of southern Russia and the Volga region. The methods of evaluation for the production of clinker products. In Scheme allocated 4 basic stages: study of structure and composition, processability and properties of ceramic, particularly optimization of the technological parameters and product properties, and recommendations on the most efficient use of various breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and operation of thermal power plants (TPPs) in the Russian Federation are standardized by a set of regulatory and technical documents. At the initial design stage, it is necessary to coordinate legal, environmental and other indicators of TPPs with specialists of various profiles, develop a general concept and structure of the station. In the traditional technical standards of the Russian Federation there are no documents regulating this process. At the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, a methodology and a family of IDEF standards covering all the stages and aspects of design were developed and adopted as national standards in a number of countries, including individual items in Russia. The IDEF methodology has a visual graphical language, which allows it to be used as a means of interprofessional communication. In this paper, some aspects of the application of the IDEF0 standard at the initial design stage of thermal power plants are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global space activity is on the verge of a new cycle of increased efforts in military, civil and, increasingly, commercial fields. This situation, at the time of the current geopolitical crisis, needs special attention of the expert community. The paper highlights major challenges and main trends in areas of research and usage of space, and analyzes chief competitive advantages of the most advanced space nations, first of all, the United States, Russia, and China. It emphasizes the necessity of development and promotion of strategic foresight both at national and international levels with key importance of strengthening and expanding international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is devoted to the problem of finding new resources of competitive advantages for the knowledge-intensive organizations of the hi-tech complex of the Russian Federation. The focus shifts towards the management of intellectual capital, intangible assets, knowledge, and cognitive factors of production. Traditional methods of their evaluation are based on the balance sheet and take into account only intangible assets. Utility assessment of cognitive factors of production involves the development of a method based on the qualitative characteristics of this phenomenon. The authors study the problem of using two qualitative assessment tools – fuzzy method and the hierarchy analysis method, which makes it possible to identify the usefulness of the used cognitive factors of production and evaluate their contribution to the intangible assets of a knowledge-intensive organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exergy analysis of a heat pump has been performed according to the methodology of V. M. Brodyansky in the North-West Russia conditions. The research has revealed the relationship between parameters of individual elements and general characteristics of the heat pump (HP), depending on the influence of condensation temperature and ambient temperature on the efficiency of each individual element. In the course of the work, the operability, efficiency and losses for the compressor, condenser, evaporator and thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) were calculated. The data characterizing the performance of the heat pump installation (HPI) and its elements under different climatic conditions have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present day, Russia's Far North with its extreme conditions is characterized by intensive destruction of native vegetation and its replacement by secondary communities, presumably able to exist in anthropogenically disturbed habitats. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study the development of artificially created phytocenoses (biosystems), most particularly producers being the system's foundation. When vegetation cover is disturbed, heat exchange between soils and atmosphere increase, permafrost thawing and degradation accelerate. Thus, there is a strong need for a better understanding of permafrost distribution, temporal evolution of the ground thermal regime and the preserving role of vegetation cover in these regions. When producers are used to restore the vegetation cover, it is commonly assumed that soil stabilization improves soil microclimate and hydrothermal conditions and makes it more sustainable, which helps to reduce permafrost thawing. Studying the patterns of phytocenosis development after biological reclamation, is undoubtedly one of the most important approaches to scientifically credible restoration of phytocenosis in Russia's Far North. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]