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This paper reports an innovative approach in secondary schools in Jakarta that employed ethical dilemma story pedagogy (EDSP) in an integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) project designed to engage chemistry students in ethical values learning. The study investigated how students explored their own values by attempting to resolve ethical dilemmas about environmental problems in an Indonesia context. Ethical dilemmas comprised everyday socio-scientific issues related to chemistry concepts in the high school curriculum, including pros and cons of using artificial fertilizers and disposal of used cooking oil. This qualitative research was conducted in the chemistry classes of two high school teachers. The research employed multiple data collection methods of semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and classroom observations. The results illustrate students' successful engagement in chemistry learning, critical thinking skills, chemical literacy, ethical values, awareness of environmental problems, and envisioning of education for sustainability. The results also illustrate (i) students' enhanced awareness of their values and their agency in practicing environmental sustainability and (ii) teachers' realization that they can empower students in education for sustainability through ethical dilemma story pedagogy. The study is significant in revealing that education can play an important role in empowering the young generation in education for sustainability through an ethical values approach to their learning. The paper also addresses challenges faced by the researchers in designing chemistry-based ethical dilemma stories, integrating them into a STEAM project, empowering students, and managing time resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science learning media can support science teaching and improve student science proficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of science learning media in Indonesia. The data was obtained through the published papers about media used in science education. The type of published papers taken comes from science education journals in the last 10 years in Indonesia with a rank of S1-S6. The data analysis carried out includes media based on 1) the topic, 2) the material, 3) the integrated learning model, and 4) the type. The results in the first analysis show that many media are developed on the topic of biology and physics. Then the results of the second analysis show that the media has been widely developed on the material of movement systems and light-optic. Furthermore, the results of the third analysis, show that the media is widely integrated with inquiry and problem-based learning models. As for the fourth analysis, the most used type of media is flash based. Many advantages of this flash-based media have been found, therefore for 10 years, this media has been widely developed by researchers. The disadvantage of this media lies on its novelty. Therefore, the researchers should develop new types of science learning media in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Oil and Gas industry, especially onshore operation, access to reach the oil/gas well and other surface production facilities is one of important aspects. The demands for access road in this industry is very high. The technical solution is needed to make the road construction fast and low cost. This paper will conduct a study about the application of Geotextiles Non-Woven to improve soil condition (subgrade) through comparing the pre to the post treatment data. The existing soil is categorized as silty clay with soft consistency based on available visual hand bor report and it is compared to CBR test after the construction finished. Geotextile non-woven specification is also discussed through several laboratory tests. This paper will summarize the process of road construction in Klamono, Papua to obtain illustration how geotextile is applied according to available technical standard which is applied in Indonesia. The standard design will be compared to the real construction which is displayed in as built drawing. Construction method is also mentioned to aim an illustration how the treatment was conducted on site. Finally, it is advised that future research will investigate the comparison of road maintenance between the one use geotextile and not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to model the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for 34 provinces as panel data in Indonesia. This modeling aims to predict and to see the causes of the CPI movement. This paper contains the formulation, interpretation and inference of the formed GLMM model. The modeling results show that the CPI response variable is assumed to follow the Gamma distribution with a regional random effect better than other models in this paper, this is indicated by the smaller AIC value of 70.2. This study provides a theoretical contribution to dealing with nonnormal distributed data in the CPI as panel data in Indonesia (in this case, we assume that the CPI have Gamma and Lognormal Distributed). In addition, this research is also practically useful for determining the most suitable modeling for CPI data as panel data in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Neural network are commonly used for time series forecasting, especially in financial forecasting, and when external information is useful. The aim of this study is to forecast direct economic losses of Earthquake in Indonesia using NNAR and ARIMA models and selects a model that produces a forecast with a minimum root mean square error (RMSE). The accurate prediction of the direct economic losses of earthquake is critical for allowing policy makers to take a decision to anticipate losses in the future. For the purpose of forecasting accurately, an additional method is used, namely GARCH method for resolving the white noise problem in residual, such as heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and normality. In this paper, two interpolations are applied to expand the original small sample with virtual points. The data of direct economics losses in Indonesia during the period from 1989 to 2021 were collected from EM-DAT (The International Disaster Database). The data partitioned into training and validation periods, such that the last 5 years are the validation period. The software used for ARIMA-GARCH is EViews 10 and NNAR accomplished by forecast package in R software. Based on the analysis, obtained that the result of this study is the neural network autoregression in the training period has an RMSE of 2.412, compared to ARIMA-GARCH 9,197. The neural network autoregression is significantly worse in the validation period. Its RMSE is 24,66 versus ARIMA-GARCH 8,4. According to the RMSE value, we can notice that the ARIMA-GARCH method outperform the NNAR (4,1,20) [4] model for validation period and to forecast the direct economic losses of Earthquake in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The candidate certified reference materials for the determination of trace organochlorine pesticides in the water matrix have been developed by Metrology in Chemistry laboratory-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (MiC-LIPI). Lindane and dieldrin were selected as the target analytes in accordance with the requirement set in the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001 concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control. The development of the candidate certified reference material was the initial study aimed to fulfill the need for matrix certified reference material in Indonesia to monitor the validity of results by testing laboratories as required in ISO/IEC 17025. This paper presents the preparation of the candidate certified reference materials, the homogeneity and stability assessments, and the comparison between the gravimetric values and the reference assigned values obtained from the gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-IDMS) method. The reference assigned values and the associated expanded uncertainties (k=2) for lindane and dieldrin were 25.04 µg/kg±7.48 µg/kg and 12.82 µg/kg±4.71 µg/kg, respectively. The reference assigned values were smaller than the gravimetric values, both for lindane and dieldrin. This paper also presents the application of the candidate certified reference materials as test items in the proficiency testing scheme. Comparison between the reference assigned values and the consensus values from participants' results is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of private space actors marks the Space 4.0. era. The participation of private actors contributes to the economy, GDP, and technology advancements. Realizing this, States try to accommodate and nurture their space industry, including Indonesia. To do so, learning from State practices is important. New Zealand and Singapore are the perfect examples of new space-driven countries that managed to foster their national space industry rapidly. This paper compares and analyses how the three countries work to enhance their new space from the law and policy perspective and what lessons Indonesia can learn from the other two countries. It is concluded that the three countries have a fairly strong policy or regulatory base to develop space industry. However, Singapore and New Zealand are providing first-hand support like grants to keep space companies thriving. Direct involvement with business-related ministries such as economics or industry is also imperative to ensure the longevity of space projects or funding programs. Their space policies reflect these measures. To foster its national space industry, this paper recommends Indonesia to push its space policy to be more proactive, focused, and coordinated with the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security, safety, and sustainability are concepts that have long been discussed in space governance issues to prevent any damage. However, the challenges of an increasingly congested and complicated space environment make the functional loss and even the space assets themselves bigger and need to be mitigated. The resilience approach was then developed by several countries in response to these challenges. Indonesia also faces the same challenge even though its space assets are still relatively few. Nevertheless, the application of the concept of resilience in its space activities has not yet been elaborated on in its own space policy as well as in the discourse of resilience policy in general. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of the concept of space resilience in the literature and reflects it into policies and practices in Indonesia. The study method used is desk research. In the end, this paper finds that the reinvigoration of Wawasan Nusatara concept as Indonesian geopolitics could be the focal point for introducing space resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper show our preliminary results on solar acitivty effect to the low-latitude Sq field. We analyzed one solar cycle of geomagnetic data observed at Biak station Indonesia during 1992-2004 to show the dependence of Sq field amplitude to solar activity. In this paper, the monthly sunspot number has been used to represent the solar activity. We found that the amplitude of Sq field following the trend of sunspot number. Also, we analyzed the seasonal variation of Sq field and found that the amplitude of Sq field during equinoxes are larger than solstices. This results show that low latitude Sq field are influenced by the solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian construction industry has a very low rate of women involvement. Previous studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women participation in this industry including gender discrimination, harassments, inflexible working hours and limited opportunities for women. Despite a range of efforts and initiatives to increase the involvement of women, this industry remains a male dominated sector in Indonesia. This paper aims to quantitatively identify the key barriers to female students' career choice in the Indonesian construction industry. It employs a comprehensive literature review, followed by a questionnaire survey distribution. A total of 89 valid responses was obtained and analysed using RII and Factor Analysis. The analysis found that lack of confidence is the top barrier followed by safety issues and inequality in the recruitment process. In addition, this study has also established five clusters of barriers to female students' career choice, namely: male dominance, working environment, stereotyping, nature of the jobs, and gender discrimination. This paper provides a crucial study on career choice by minorities in the construction industry and thus, is an important step to recognize diversity and equality efforts in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia uses the amalgamated mercury process. Most of the respondents from ASGM experienced mercury poisoning. An alternative non-mercury gold processing is cyanidation. In this work, an actual practice cyanidation process of local artisanal gold processing in Wonogiri, Indonesia, was studied. The paper presents the practices of local artisanal gold processing using the cyanide process, their weaknesses in the process, and ways to diminish the problem. The paper also highlighted the self-designed in a continuous mode leaching adsorption pilot plant. Preliminary results showed that leaching in the pilot plant leaching-adsorption process produced better gold content than the ASGM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a unique manufacturing technique to fabricate mass production of metal parts with complex designs and hard-to-machined material with a wide variety of materials. MIM technology was applied to fabricate an extensive scope of products from a relatively simple utilization such as consumer products, automotive, to advanced utilization or product such as medical, electronics, military, and aerospace applications. The type of growth product in a certain region depends on the type of main industry. MIM technology is also well known as green manufacturing technology since it is relatively less energy, emission, and waste in the manufacturing process than forging and machining. This technology constantly grows to answer more advanced requirements of the product. In this paper, the development of MIM technology is not only reviewed globally but also regionally, particularly in Indonesia. MIM technology has a great prospect for growth in Indonesia because of the availability of raw material resources and the growth of manufacturing industry capability. Further research and innovation are needed to optimize the potential use of local resources and to boost the competence of the manufacturing industry. This paper should complement the published review of the development of MIM technology, mainly the development and prospect of MIM technology in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging of Electric Vehicles (EV) industry amidst Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) automotive industry has arisen a critical challenge on human resources development. The major shift of automotive component is happening and need a new labor skill for emerging EV automotive industry as well as transitioning ICE automotive industry. Hence, it is essential to delve the impact of labor amidst on going ICE to EV transition on automotive industry in Indonesia. The qualitative method through desk review approach was adopted for the paper work. There are two study objectives for this paper: (1) Current condition of Indonesia EV ecosystem and (2) Pathway of human resources development reflecting the current condition on Indonesia EV ecosystem. It is found that Indonesia EV ecosystem is on the right track based on its policy & regulation and industrial perspective. However, in terms of market response and human resource readiness, the evaluation is still needed. Lack of knowledge and information about EV technology hinder the progress. Therefore, the pathway of human resources development on Indonesia EV ecosystem is proposed on this paper. The pathway provides the mitigation map on upskilling and reskilling for labour in automotive industry in four work levels: engineer, manual technician, non-manual technician, and operator. The strong collaboration between stakeholders is needed to hasten the progress. Also, it is suggested that the blueprint and national roadmap for EV industry Indonesia are need to be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The net zero emission commitment under Paris Agreement has fostered the clean energy transition agenda. ASEAN becomes the home of untapped renewable energy resources due to its geographic condition. However, the distribution of renewable energy is far from it has expected. It is not only limited extent due to the country spread, but also the high capital investment costs that caused sluggish progression. It is believed that the interconnection grid and integration energy market across region becomes a prominent key to broaden energy access and bolster the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well. Hence, it is essential to study and analyze the scheme to foster the energy security across border through clean electricity that produced from renewable energy, particularly in ASEAN. The qualitative method through desk review approach was adopted for the paper work. There are two study objectives for this paper: (1) Renewable energy as export commodity in ASEAN which in line with ASEAN Power Grid (APG) agenda and (2) Indonesian future potential as renewable energy exporter. It is found that untapped renewable energy across ASEAN possibly meet the regional electricity demand through interconnected grid and electricity market integration. Such condition also supports the on-going APG project. Electricity trades are regulated through bilateral and multilateral agreement between countries with certain tariff. In this case, a comparison between Indonesia and Singapore about renewables export issue has been analyzed and studied. For attaining the status of renewable energy exporter in the future, it is suggested that Indonesia should deal with policy & regulation certainty (including its harmonization) and renewable energy infrastructure readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of March 2022, NuScale has published the 5th revision of all safety analysis reports that have been evaluated by the USNRC in the final safety evaluation report, which states that the NuScale design has met all safety requirements. With this development, NuScale will likely to be the first small modular reactor to receive a design certificate from the USNRC. Meanwhile, a study has explored the prospect of developing NuScale technology in Indonesia, which applies the regulatory system based on large-power light water reactors as also a common practice in many countries. Thus, the problem raised by this paper was how NuScale implemented graded approach to meet all the regulatory requirements? This question is very important considering the possibility of NuScle technology deployement in Indonesia and the fact that international standards for applying a graded approach to a nuclear power plant are not yet available. Hence, This paper aims to examine the application of the graded approach to NuScale technology. The method applied in this study was descriptive, analytical, and qualitative, utilized secondary data from credible international references, and carried out in four steps. The study started with the identification of relevant references and then selected one of them as the main reference while the other can be used for comparison. The level of coverage completeness and detail of instruction were used as the selection criteria of the identified documents The selected main reference was then studied to identify graded approach fields of application. Finally, the study also assesses how NuScale has implemented graded approach in those fields. This study concluded that NEI 18-04 document, as the selected main reference, is a comprehensive and detailed guide, and thus can be used as a reference to implement the graded approach in the three application fields, i.e.: selection of licensing basis events; classification of structures, systems and components; and evaluation of the adequacy of defense-in-depth. Furthermore, NuScale in their licensing document has demonstrated graded approach in the three fields of application with a method that is comparable to those described in the NEI 18-04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonn Call for Action in 2012 is a joint statement of IAEA and WHO, which intended to foster global coordinated work to address issues arising in radiation protection in medical practices. The statement has been delivering a great impact on the organ dose assessment in practice in Indonesia. One of the statements has encouraged the establishment of organ dose assessment in nuclear medicine therapy that needs to be more developed. In Indonesia, the organ dose statement has been intensively promoted since 2013, when the organ dose assessment for the diagnostic procedure has been initiated, and continued with the radionuclide therapy procedures in 2014 and so on. This paper aimed for reviewing the works that have been done in organ dose assessment for nuclear medicine practices in Indonesia as the impact of the Bonn Call for Actions 2012, and the following stages which need to be performed. To evaluate the works, several published papers related to organ dose assessment have been reviewed and the analysis has been carried out. The result shows that for research purposes, organ dose assessment has been implemented. However, organ dose assessment is a part of optimization for the radiation protection of patients. It would be better if the research on organ dose for the patient in nuclear medicine will be more enhanced in clinical practice, especially when the new radiopharmaceutical will be administered to the patients either in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical Industry has been crucial for national health and is one of the most growing industries in Indonesia. However, many problems occurred in this field, especially in drugs distribution routing. This paper conducts a study of drugs distribution routing comparison at one of the largest drug distributor company in Indonesia and has objective to get the best feasible solution for the company’s decision basis of choosing daily distribution routing algorithm. The authors reach the objective by creating two-time scenarios (morning and afternoon) using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to compare three algorithms using a heuristic approach: Sweeping, Nearest Neighbors, and Clark-Wright algorithms. This paper provides a novelty approach in drugs distribution routing problem by combining DES and heuristic approach to compare the VRP algorithm and develop the model using simulation software as a support decision. Based on the results from the model that the authors made, the authors obtained the best alternative as the result of algorithm comparison and discussed it with the expertise to find a robust solution before implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the innovations which has a major impact on education in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is virtual laboratory. Virtual lab accommodates practical education with all limitations that exist, like tools and materials of practical equipment in schools which isn’t in line with the current technology. Although virtual laboratories have been realized as a supporting tool in learning process, their applications in vocational education have not been extensively explored yet. With the learning characteristics of the vocational which are a fairly large proportion of practical compared to theoretical activities. This paper reviews the latest developments of virtual labs to gain insight into the various virtual laboratories that may relevant to vocational education. This study used a systematic literature review of selected research papers based on relevant keywords of the virtual lab in vocational education. Insights from the papers reviewed subsequently were developed to elaborate on the use of a virtual lab to be applied in vocational education. Practical learning in vocational education with a virtual lab becomes more flexible without limited space and time. In terms of financing, the development of a virtual lab doesn't require a large amount of investment if compared with actual laboratory development. For a long period of implementation, there must be added a basic learning process before used, the user has to get experience-based learning first that emphasizes the role of active experience and student involvement. The virtual lab can be applied to practical learning in vocational education, for example in the field of mechanical engineering it can be applied in learning to maintain fuel systems on the engine, with characteristics in the form of procedural steps. The virtual lab can be applied to facilitate students in the learning process so the learning efficiency can increase significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0 have succeeded in changing the process of people's social life from being based on human labor to technology centered on automation. These changes occur in all sectors of life, including economic, social, and legal. In this case, the legal and economic sectors have a fairly close relationship. Thus, changes to the two sectors will influence and depend on each other. One example is patents, where high patent ownership will affect national income and economic growth of a country. Indonesia continues to optimize applications for patent registration, such as the implementation of e-filling or online registration since 2019 with the aim of making patent application facilities accessible to all regions of the archipelago. This paper will discuss the state' s efforts in optimizing technology for the patent registration program in Indonesia. The legal research method used is normative legal research through a statutory or statutory approach. In addition, this paper uses secondary legal data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food waste is a severe problem in Indonesia. Based on data from the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition, Indonesia ranks second in food waste per person each year. The FAO data also shows that there are 13 million metric tons of food wasted, equal to the consumption of 11% of Indonesia's population (around 28 million people) each year. One factor in food waste is the food consumer's misinformation of the expired date. Not all food items have a "Best-Before Date," especially for meat sold in traditional markets and some supermarkets. Even if it exists, it could be less accurate because it only follows the Standard Operational Procedure of the supermarket, which is food must be sold within three days. Therefore, our research aims to design a device that can detect meat expiration time using IoT (Internet of Things). This device will be developed using gas sensor MQ137 for detecting the level of NH3 released by meat. Detection results from the sensor will be sent via the internet to Firebase. The data will be processed using polynomial regression to produce a prediction of chicken meat's expiration time. Lastly, prediction time can be easily accessed through an Android application. In this paper, we present our initial works to develop the IoT device for predicting the expiration time of the meat. The paper presents the design and performance evaluation of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth metals are elements (REE) of lanthanides metal which are mostly made use in industrial and medical fields. Smelting process of tin or zircon will produce TENORM (Technologically enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) materials, such as monazite, zircon, and ilmenite. The TENORM minerals will contain rare earth metals. There are many smelting industries of tin or zircon in Indonesia. Therefore, they show a high potency of rare earth metals in this country. BAPETEN Chairman's Regulation (BCR) No. 16 Year 2013 (BCR No. 16/2013) [1], concerning Radiation Safety of Storage of TENORM, allows TENORM producers to take out the metal or non-metal minerals in the TENORM materials after they get a technical recommendation from BAPETEN. This paper aims to provide a consideration concerning the criterion to gain a technical recommendation. This paper organized and reviewed BCR No. 16/2013 and compared it to the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safety standard. Rare earth minerals are always present together with other elements, including radionuclides from U or Th series. REE minerals from Bangka Island contain monazite and xenotime, radioactive elements like Th which detected at 6–7 % in monazite and less than 2 % in xenotime, respectively. While safety report series of IAEA states that content of rare earth ore consists of 5–6 % REEs and 0.04 % Th oxide (or 4.7 % REEs and 0.035 % Th). The TENORM material utilization as regulated on BCR 16/2013 is the same with conditional clearance terminology for radioactive materials. Trivial dose approach that is a conditional clearance can be considered as a technical recommendation criterion. This is because it does not need radiation protection pre-requisites after getting the technical recommendation. The upper level of trivial individual effective dose is equivalent to 100 µSv per year. The dose assessment should consider the exposure pathways to the non-radiation workers (public), specifically those who get involved in external and internal exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm oil is an important commodity for Indonesia. Therefore, oil palm cultivation is a supporter of the success of oil palm commodities in producing products. The harvesting process is an activity that must be considered because it affects the production and quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. For this reason, the sorting of oil palm fresh fruit bunches is very important. This paper tries to classify the maturity level of oil palm fresh fruit bunches through image management using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithm. LDA algorithm is an approach used to classify data into several classes. The steps taken in this paper are starting with the transformation of the color space from RGB images to L*a*b images, then image segmentation with thresholding and feature extraction with HSV. Image transformation to HSV aims to make it easier to classify image characteristics based on hue and saturation. Furthermore, the LDA algorithm will perform a dispersion matrix analysis in order to obtain optimal projections to enter into spaces to look for patterns that can be separated. This paper finds that the classification of oil palm fresh fruit bunches image processing using the LDA algorithm produces an accuracy rate of 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching is an axiomatic activity for a lecturer. The teaching strategies are prepared before the teaching start. It might be a semester before, or even a year before the teaching activity. This will be challenging for EFL lecturer who teach in a vocational higher education that prepares the students with full skills to work in the field (having a real-world skill). Today, a challenge disrupting well-planned teaching strategies is the sudden Corona Virus or Covid-19 pandemic. This virus forces the world activities online to keep distance and stop the spread of the virus, including Indonesia. Luckily, the application of strategies is quite flexible, the lecturer could change it and adjust to the current changing situation [1]. Also, the lecturer usually has a backup plan or plan B to prepare for the unexpected challenges that emerge suddenly in the process of teaching and learning. Thus, this paper attempted to find interesting strategies that lecturers choose to achieve the goals of the vocational higher education, in some classes with field-skill practice goals in a vocational higher education. Specifically, this paper attempted in the English Department, Politeknik Negeri Padang, during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current climate change is the impact of natural damage caused by human greed, resulting in natural disasters in various regions in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that is given enormous natural potential by God, which requires humanity to always maintain the potential that God has given. In planting the love of nature to children, of course, the role of the family is needed which is the first education for children in making a generation that loves the environment. In addition, the role of the community is also needed in supporting the process of forming environmental ethics so that the formation of a generation that loves the environment runs optimally. This paper aims to look at the role of families and communities in instilling environmental education in the modern era and also to improve the quality and role of families and communities in dealing with climate change. The writing method uses a literature research study with descriptive analysis. The conclusion of this paper is that environmental education which has been built on families and society is the main foundation in building character and environmental ethics in present and future generations. Planting the character of love and care for the environment can be done with the following strategies: Moral Knowing, Moral Acting, Moral Loving and Feeling, Moral Modeling and Repentance. The role of family and society in shaping environmental education in the modern era includes cognitive, affective and psychomotor including: 1). Provide knowledge and understanding; 2). Cultivate and increase awareness: 3). Shaping behavior: 4). Equip with skills: and 5). Participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic load has rapidly risen and this trend continuously grow due to increase demand in freight transports. Heavy vehicles (e.g., articulated trucks) have become prevalent in Indonesia for transporting domestic road freights. Ageing road infastructures (e.g., bridges) subject to increasing demand from heavy traffic load could considerably affect the existing road infrastructures may fail to satisfy specified structural requirements. Further, dynamic effects and excessive deformation induced by heavy traffic load may cause an accelerated rate of bridge structural deterioration and finally resulting in the reduced bridge residual service life. Consequently, many of these bridges are required major improvement, even reconstruction of bridge structures decisions in the future. As such there is a need to monitor bridge structures over time to ensure that they have the sufficient capacity to resist the intended design loads. This paper presents and discusses a real-time structural monitoring of bridge which can be used for assessing bridge structural health by measuring its dynamic response (e.g., frequency) using accelerometer-based sensors. The methodology for transformation of the measured accelerations to relative displacements and natural frequency was also described. The existing condition of a highway bridge located in Aceh Indonesia has been investigated using accelerometer sensor to estimate the bridge dynamic responses. The results of study show that vibration measurement using accelerometer sensor can capture the bridge dynamic responses which contribute to further assessment of possible failures of the structure and ultimately the prediction of service life of bridgesand assessment of bridge structures require an innovative technique which could potentially be used for rapid damage identification and provide reliable information. This paper presents a review on bridge dynamic monitoring using accelerometer and microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges. In particular, this study reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement used in the recent studies. This review could provide preliminary information for researchers in the selection of the appropriate approaches related to the bridge dynamic monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal and child health are part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globally, the world is pushing to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births and to reduce infant and under-five years old children mortality rate to 12 per 1000 live births by 2030. However, maternal and child mortality rates in Indonesia remain quite high. Indonesia National Survey data show maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still quite high at 305 per 100,000 population and the child mortality rate is 24 per 1,000 live births. In order to reduce maternal and child mortality rate, Indonesian government implements various policy interventions including by pushing local governments to create policy innovation in maternal and child health. SANPIISAN (Love and Care for Mothers and Children) is an initiative from Health Office of Kota Semarang to create an integrated system to carry out preventive measures to reduce maternal and child mortality rate in Kota Semarang. Given the success of SANPIISAN, this paper examines the mechanisms that sustain the innovation. In order to answer the question, the paper utilizes diffusion of innovation theory to analyse the diffusion and momentum processes of ideas within a specific social system. Methodology of the research is qualitative research and data are derived from interviews with main policy actors in SANPIISAN program (N=10). We argue that the success of SANPIISAN is supported by strong network among innovation adopters. The research contributes to the growing discussion in local policy innovation to support the achievement of SDGs. We conclude that SANPIISAN has proven to be one of the strategic and effective efforts that has significant leverage for the prevention of maternal and child mortality rates in Kota Semarang. Moreover, the program has been acknowledged as one of good practices in local government initiatives to reduce maternal and child mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since study from home policy was introduced as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, academic activities in Indonesia have transformed into electronic learning. However, there is a limited study examining the factors confirming the application of electronic learning by the lecturer during the COVID-19 crisis. To fill the research gaps, this paper scrutinizes the factors that confirmed electronic learning in a time of COVID-19 pandemic using the unified theory of adoption and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Specifically, we inspect confirmatory factor analysis of five dimensions of UTAUT, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and adoption of electronic learning. The research performed a survey method using an online questionnaire. Data in this study were collected from a permanent lecturer in Universitas Andalas, Indonesia. Data were processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 330 respondents participated in this survey. Our findings show that all constructs and items of electronic learning adoption are valid and reliable. From the results, the current study contributes theoretically and practically further elaborated in the light of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of integrated waste management is an important factor to support target of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) to be an educopolis campus. Therefore, study of waste generation and characterization are needed as basis data for selecting technology, designing the waste treatment capacity, and appropriate strategies approach. Valid data also will keep the system running in sustained conditions in the future. The research is a survey research, which focus in capturing the daily activities and amount of waste in temporary disposal (Transfer Depo) in UGM. Transfer Depo shows the amount of the waste from the collection point of bins from UGM. Pre-study was conducted to determine measurement area and method. The results of pre-study were: the location has total number of 10 units in UGM area; calculation and characterization measurement are using a census; wastes are categorized to four types (Organic, Plastic, Paper, and Other Waste). Calculation and characterization referred to amount of the waste and to composition of the waste. Standard of waste calculation employed was an SNI 19-3964-1994 method. Quantitative and qualitative description analysis were performed for data analysis. The study results show that the order of the amount of waste from the largest one is Biology Transfer Depo, Transfer Depo Gedung Pusat and Transfer Depo Teknik. The average of the waste generation in UGM is 2895 kg/day. The composition of Organic, Paper, Plastic, and Other Waste are 67, 8, 7, and 18%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study objective is to produce flipbook on integral topic for 11th grade student that are valid and practical. Based on this paper, hopefully teacher can know how to develop flipbook especially in integral topic. The type of the research is design research with development model used is Plomp model that consisting of two phases: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase. The subjects of this study were 11th grade students at Sekolah Menengah Atas Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang. The research instruments were interview guides, observation sheets, validity sheets, student practicality sheets, and teacher practicality sheets. This research has produced a very valid and very practical flipbook. Teachers and students gave a good response to this flipbook because it helps them in the learning process. Students said that learning to use flipbooks was more interesting and very useful in today's learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian government has taken several policies to break the chain of transmission of the COVID-19 virus infection since the spread of this virus variant was first discovered in March 2020 in Indonesia. One of them is to require everyone to get vaccinated. This national vaccination program has been started since early January 2021 until now and expected to be one of the solutions to control the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia. This paper presents robust k-means to show the cluster of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia after the implementation of the vaccine policy for Indonesian citizens. The k-means algorithm is an unsupervised machine learning method. This method is well known in clustering. This is a partition clustering algorithm which is widely used in practice but in general, this method is sensitive to the presence of outliers. The variables considered in this study are the number of deaths, the number of recovered patients and the number of patients. Experimental comparisons are made with the basic k-means and robust k-means algorithm. It seems that for data on May, 2021, the cluster with k=3 in the robust case will provide closer risk levels of the provinces in Indonesia with their risk in reality, namely provinces with high, mid and low-level risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review found that only a few studies in Indonesia have been applied to modeling peatlands fire occurrences. In our previous studies, various machine learning classification approaches are applied to predict forest fire occurrence in the peatlands area. Our previous empirical study found that the datasets of fire hotspot areas, especially for data from the South Kalimantan area, need to be more balanced. In this paper, we consider ADAptive SYNthetic (ADASYN) method for the sampling approach to balance the datasets. We found that by balancing the data, the performance of the classification method can improve about 2-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the biggest challenge faced by researchers, especially in public health system. Since the virus spread and mutates quickly, strategies are needed so that the public health system doesn't collapse due to overcapacity. Modeling and forecasting accurately the COVID-19 daily new cases is very important to understand and help carry out risk management for the outbreak control. To obtain the estimation of the Indonesian daily cases of COVID-19 based on daily confirmed cases, we present a comparative study between three deep learning methods in this paper: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). The data used is daily confirmed cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021. The result is Conv-LSTM model produces better performance than other methods. Here we also provide 7 day out-of-sample forecast for daily cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021 using each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines our efforts in foresight technology, utilizing the TASDA framework, with a specific focus on the utilization of scenario planning. Scenario planning is a valuable tool for aiding management in comprehending potential future scenarios and making well-informed decisions. In this context, we are applying it to the development of research topics concerning Indonesia's maritime industry. This research aims to enhance stakeholders' understanding of issues related to the growth of maritime research topics in Indonesia, encompassing aspects such as tourism, oceanography, fisheries, infrastructure, energy, and mineral resources. Moreover, the study investigates changes in the strategic environment, including socio-political and economic factors that influence the progression of maritime research in Indonesia. We employ scenario planning analysis to chart the strategic environment and its ramifications on maritime research topics in Indonesia. This includes an examination of both global and national trends. We formulate driving and uncertainty factors within the framework of scenario planning analysis, which are then crafted into strategic environmental scenarios. The outcome of this scenario planning exercise yields four distinct scenarios. This methodology is well-suited for establishing the trajectory of national development aimed at constructing a research-driven maritime industry by 2045. However, achieving these objectives necessitates substantial advancements in science and technology, as delineated in current national policies, rather than adhering to conventional, business-as-usual approaches. To further refine the roadmap for the national maritime research industry, strategic planning and technology road mapping become imperative to optimize progress towards technological confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the studies of peatlands fire occurrences in Indonesia are less studied before. In our previous study, the prediction of the peatlands fire occurrence was modeled using various machine learning classification approaches. It is found that using South Kalimantan Province data, in the empirical study we previously found that the datasets are unbalanced, i.e., the occurrence and the nonoccurrence of fire hotspots areas. In the study presented in this paper, to improve the classification performance, we consider Adaptive Neighbor Synthetic Majority Oversampling Technique (ANS-SMOTE) approach to balance the data. Using the considered empirical data, we found that this method did not always gives improvement in the classification results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, most coal mining systems are carried out using the open pit mining method. This method is considered cheaper and easier to apply in the field but has an impact on the creation of ex-coal mining pits (void). Recent regulation states that every mining company is obliged to carry out reclamation including environment management efforts for mining pits. However, not all mining business actors have complied with this effort, especially companies that do not have official permits. This ex-coal mining pit existence in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN) delineation area become a crucial issue to be managed appropriately and wisely. The IKN Nusantara is the future capital city of Indonesia designed as a smart forest city, where 75% of the total area is maintained as a green space. This paper describes the management effort than can be carried out in ex-coal mining pit (void) within new capital city (IKN) Nusantara. All of the environmental management efforts for ex-coal mining pit (void) need to be aligned with detailed urban spatial plans in the future. There are several alternative efforts to utilize void that can be carried out, for example, as a source of clean water and raw materials, tourist destinations, sports areas, wildlife wetland habitats that are connected to the surrounding forest, landfills, agricultural reservoirs, and also water sources for forest fire mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic requires professional teachers to use digital technology, but some students experience obstacles in technology so that it has an impact on their low critical thinking abilities. This paper aims to analyze mathematical critical thinking abilities between students who carry out learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo and conventionally assisted by WhatsApp based on prior knowledge of mathematics. The research method used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected through a homogeneity test from 4 parallel classes of one junior high school in Bandung Indonesia, two classes were selected, namely class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII D as the control class. The instrument uses an initial mathematical ability test and critical thinking abilities. Data analysis uses: Two-way ANOVA test. Findings: There is a difference in the improvement of mathematical critical thinking abilities between experimental class and control class students. There are differences in the achievement of mathematical critical thinking abilities based on prior knowledge of mathematics in the smart, medium and weak categories. Learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo can facilitate the process of construction, interaction and reflection so as to improve students' critical thinking abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the growth of MOOCs documents Worldwide and in Indonesia. This research method adopts the five-stage method: determine search keyword, initial research, refinement of search results, compile preliminary data statistic and data analysis. The initial search results using the MOOCs keyword getting 5,729 documents from scopus databased spread throughout the world, while the MOOCs keyword is limited in Indonesia only getting 56 documents, the data is specified based on the type of journal article document and obtained 2000 documents spread throughout the world and 27 documents in Indonesia, then journal article data was analyzed to determine the growth of MOOCs research every year, countries with the most MOOCs research, publishers who published the most MOOCs research and articles with the highest citations, then the data was also visualized into VOSViewer to analyze the keywords used, namely the keywords that were most frequently used, newly researched keywords, keyword cluster division and who are the prolific authors who write MOOC topics. From the results of this study it can be concluded that most of the MOOCs research is in the United States, while Indonesia occupies the 24th position out of 104 countries Worldwide, this shows that research on MOOCs in Indonesia is still very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims for the Indonesian government to pass the Omnibus Law which contained various kinds of legislation. Including the environment which is also regulated in the Omnibus Law. On the one hand, this regulation provides hope for Indonesia's economic growth. However, on the other hand, this regulation has the potential to damage the environment and is not in line with the Indonesian Government's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which in it weakens instruments for environmental protection and management. The weakening of environmental instruments has the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions through high carbon activities and investment in fossil energy. Therefore, this paper will critically analyze how the weakening of environmental instruments in the Omnibus Law and the Revision of the Mining Law hampers the fulfillment of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the era of restoring national economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the national industry towards a better industry has a qualitative descriptive category using primary data to analyze the development of industrial waste treatment in Indonesia. This paper discusses the development of the national industry on the results of research showing that to realize industrial processing, a strong foundation is needed, and the transformation of the Indonesian economy in the field of industrial waste treatment through the use of natural resources that provide added value, preparation of additional costs to replace the use of other materials. The industrial structure needed by Indonesia is an industry with strong links with various industrial factories that are more environmentally friendly to the action of minimizing waste in Indonesia and the world. The industrial waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Most of them have been processed before being disposed of. However, there are types of waste that are not managed properly, namely plastic waste that is not optimally processed. This can disrupt the environment, such as marine ecosystems. The reason people dispose of plastic waste directly is that the process of handling plastic waste is difficult and takes a long time. With such things, reduced costs in saving natural resources, and the substitution of more environmentally friendly production materials in industrial waste recycling to build a sustainable business and improve company performance when waste is no longer a problem, which can cause difficulties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the effect of industrial zones on road network performance. The research location is located in the North Malang industrial area which is in the center of Malang City, Indonesia. The first step is to study the existing conditions of industrial land use. The existing condition of the industrial area includes: type of industry, operational status and area of industrial companies. Furthermore, this study examines the characteristics of trips in the industrial area including trips of workers and goods of industrial companies. Analysis of road network performance using the CUBE tool. Evaluation of the influence of industrial areas on road performance is carried out by analyzing existing conditions and simulating conditions without industry. Based on the study of the existing characteristics of the industrial area, 43 industrial companies are still operating with the most influential type of industry is tobacco processing with a total building area of 21.65 Ha. The industrial zone accounts for 8594 worker and goods trips every day. 98% of industrial workers use motorcycles as a means of transportation. 55% of goods trips use light vehicles such as pick-ups / box cars and 40% use heavy vehicles. Based on the results of the analysis in conditions without industry, 7 road sections have a VCR>0.75 which indicates that the condition of the road traversed by industrial activities is in poor condition and requires handling. Various handling scenarios can be developed for further research including scenarios for relocating industrial areas involving ring roads and toll roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis brought on by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Tourism is one of the many industries that have been made public by the recent COVID-19 epidemic. Indonesia itself was affected by the impact that caused a decrease in both foreign and domestic tourists. Smart tourism through the metaverse concept is one of the proposed solutions to deal with this problem, considering that metaverse has been booming lately, so it can attract the attention of tourists who cannot come directly to the tourist attractions. This paper aims to provide new insights regarding how to improve the Indonesian economy through tourism, so people realize the importance of the metaverse in the future. Moreover, we believe that the future of this metaverse will be very bright because the advantages of technology used in the metaverse are very beneficial for users (Blockchain, Crypto, Non-Fungible Token). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the influence between the business environment and operating strategies on its operational performance. Alignment between the business environment and operating strategy helps to understand how operating capabilities is requiredto achieve goals, particularly its operational performance. In this paper, 96 respondents are the owner and manager of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. Path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the relationship between variables. The hypothesis testing results show that the business environment has a positive and significant influence on operation strategy. In contrast, the operating strategy has a positive and significant impact on the company's operational performance. Moreover, the business environment has a negative and insignificant effect on the operational performance of the company. Finally, it is found that the business environment has a positive and significant impact on the company's operating performance through the operation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various sectors in Indonesia. One sector that has a significant impact is the tourism industry, especially amusement parks and theme parks. Not much can be expected to attract visitors during a pandemic with just a regular touring video, even though the amusement park maintenance must still exist. This paper aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based Dino Park application with Unity and the SCRUM development method. This AR application was created aiming to increase user interest and experience to come to this place, such as virtual touring with AR features, providing a tourist sensation with 3D visuals because it can be moved according to the user's wishes and it is as if they have a virtual guide with information in the form of audio contained in each dinosaur fossil. The results of this study are Based on the results of the user acceptance test, an average of 83% user satisfaction levels with details (85% stated that the application is interactive to use, 83% stated the display is very attractive, 81% of the Dino Park application is very useful for people in in the field of theme park tourism, and 84% state they were satisfied with this application compared to similar applications in terms of features and appearance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well known, Padang is a city with a high risk for earthquake motion. Due to its functionality, Reinforced Concrete (RC) shophouse buildings are commonly constructed in this city. The strong 2009 West Sumatra earthquake resulted in several buildings being damaged, collapsing, including the RC shophouse buildings, and causing fatalities. Almost thirteen years after the earthquake, many of these types of buildings have been constructed. Unfortunately, based on field investigation and analytical studies using pushover analysis have shown that the seismic performance of the existing buildings has not enough to anticipate the damage to the structure caused by the future earthquake. Most of them fall to Damage Control (DC) and Life Safety (LS) levels, indicating that the structure of these RC buildings may damage during a strong earthquake. In this paper, a seismic safe typical structural components of shophouse construction is proposed following the current building code in Indonesia. Evaluating the seismic performance using the ATC-40 standard shows that the proposed these components RC structure is categorized to the Immediate Occupancy (IO) level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in smartphone users as well as sales in Indonesia coupled with the smartphone's short life cycle has raised serious concerns for sustainability. Circular economy has recently becomes one of the important studies which addresses the limitation of natural resources as well as the landfills. Refurbishment and direct reuse are part of circular economy approaches; however, the existence of new low-end smartphones has started to erode the customers' interest in the reuse smartphones. This paper studies the hierarchy of reuse options in smartphones selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the decision hierarchy. The AHP results show that both worker and student-alumni groups prioritize their choice on new low-end smartphones. On the other hand, refurbished and secondhand smartphones are part of circular economy activities, where the life of the end-of-use smartphones are extended rather than discarded. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to improve customer behavior to support circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in digital technology have resulted in a new industrial revolution phenomenon known as Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies that enable the connectivity of all components within industries. This paper reviews the current status and progress in Indonesia heading to Industry 4.0. The Indonesia' government has been launched 'Making Indonesia 4.0's' roadmap in 2018 including the five priority industrial sectors namely food and beverages, chemicals, textile, automotive, and electronics and ten national priorities. Indonesia which is currently only in the stage of entering the industrial era 4.0 with few of challenges and opportunities by following the roadmap of "Making Indonesia 4.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is very important because its roles in enhancing the human resources and public welfare quality in Indonesia. One of the methods to upgrade education system is a development of Freedom Curricula with project-based learning concept. Freedom Curricula is a new flexible curricula policy option in the part of Freedom to Learn Program which is initiated by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology since 2021 to mitigate learning loss from COVID-19 pandemic. In Freedom Curricula, schools can develop their own curricula and course materials, depending on their own consideration. The Freedom Curricula can be implemented in several or all subjects in the school. This paper describes the conceptualization of a Freedom Curricula and its implementation plan in several industrial chemistry subjects (Industrial Chemical Processes, Chemical Engineering Operations, and Industrial Chemical Process Equipment) with project-based learning concept for vocational high school level. The designed Freedom Curricula consists of teaching syllabus, teaching module, laboratory practical module, and project-based learning module, and the implementation plan. The advantage of this Freedom Curricula implementation is the application of integrated learning, especially in practical learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the largest energy source in the world. However, coal combustion is also the largest source of CO2 emission that is the main cause of global warming. Indonesia consumed 1 million terajoule of energy from coal in 2020. There are no energy sources that consumed more than coal except light petroleum products. Coal combustion to produce energy emitted SOX, NOX, COX, and fly ashes to the environment and also cause corrosion and clogging to industrial equipment. Sulfur content in the coal produces SOX, meanwhile mineral content becomes fly ashes. Therefore, sulfur and mineral content should be reduced before combustion. Chemical leaching is the way to demineralize and desulfurize coal. Numerous researchers have studied the process to produce ultra clean coal (UCC) that limited the mineral content and sulfur content to less than 1 wt.% so it can decrease the adverse effects when it is used as an energy resource in combustion. Various processes such as acid leaching, alkali leaching, peroxide leaching or even acid-alkali leaching have been studied by several researchers. These methods are considered high-cost in regards to the high price of chemicals despite their technical feasibility to produce UCC. Therefore, it is important to conduct economic analysis of the processes. This paper presents techno-economic analysis to compare several leaching processes in order to study their technical and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or known as caustic soda is a type of caustic metallic base that is available in liquid or solid form. Many industries highly require caustic soda as the main raw material or supporting materials such as the paper and pulp industry, soap and detergent industry, oil and gas industry, alumina processing, etc. National demand for sodium hydroxide reaches 987 million tons in the last year. To encourage increased production of caustic soda to support the chemical industry in Indonesia, a techno-economic analysis is required for the production of caustic soda to fulfill the supply. Therefore, in this study, the design of the NaOH plant process will be studied according to the product specifications and its economic analysis. The design of the caustic soda plant process has been developed based on membrane technology with a capacity of 100000 tons of product per year using SNI industrial salt raw materials. The product specification from this plant is 50% NaOH solution and HClO solution as byproduct. With this capacity, the estimated investment for the caustic soda plant is around US$ 44.45 million and its operational cost is around US$ 67.93 million per year. Using the current price of raw materials and products, the net present value (NPV) is US$ 206.58 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 40.75%, and its payout time (POT) is 4 years and 7 months. Based on these parameters, the design of the developed caustic soda plant was technically and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]