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Research paper writing is an essential factor and one of the challenging tasks for students. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the MIRS (Motivation, Inspiration, Realization, and Solution) approach students' capability to write the research papers. This study employed the quasi-experimental design, specifically using equivalent time series method. The subjects of the study were the students of the Culinary Arts of Vocational Education. The research subjects were 154 students. The data were collected using authentic assessment with oral examination on pre-proposal, a paper and pencil (PP) test on research methodology, and a performance test on research proposal seminar. Statistical description and independent sample t-test are used to analyze the results. The results show that the number of the students of treatment group who were able to write innovative research papers increased. The control group's average score of the research paper writing is lower than that of the treatment group. Hypothesis shows that there is difference result between PP testing and oral testing. The alpha score obtains 0,003 for PP testing and 0,002 for oral testing. It can be concluded that MIRS approach is effective for improving writing skill capability.

Using standardized tests such as paper-based TOEFL with three subtests for classroom assessment is restricted by the length of the test, which is usually longer than the class duration. Therefore, it is significant to be able to predict other subtests by conducting only one subtest. Therefore, the current study aimed to calculate prediction coefficients, enabling teachers to predict scores in paper-based TOEFL by conducting only one subtest. The data to create the prediction models were obtained from 2,030 scores of Institutional TOEFL, i.e. paper-based TOEFL without writing subtest. The prediction coefficient was calculated by using linear regression analysis. The result shows that the listening comprehension sub-score predicts the TOEFL score more accurately (MSE of 520) than other sub-scores (MSE of 553 and 587). The intercept for listening comprehension sub-score was 373.07, 357.14 for structure & written expression, and 364.19 for reading comprehension. In addition, the slope for each sub-score was 4.07, 5.96, and 4.63, respectively. Therefore, a listening test should be used in predicting the overall TOEFL scores for an accurate prediction.

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of the problem-based service learning model based on the local wisdom of gugur gunung on the environmental concern of the students in Public Senior High School 1 Campurdarat; (2) determine the effect of problem based service learning models on the ability to write scientific papers at Public Senior High School I Campurdarat; and (3) knowing the students' impressions of the implementation of the problem based service learning model based on the local wisdom of gugur gunung in Lake Buret, Tulungagung. The method used in this study was quasi experiment. The research design used was the post-test control group design with 2 groups: (1) experimental group, which is students from class XI science 1; and (2) control group, which is students from class XI science 3 of Public Senior High School I Campurdarat, Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. Data was obtained from post-test of environmental concern and ability to write scientific papers. From the Mann-Whitney test using SPSS, the Z count value was smaller than - Z table (-6.851 <- 1.960), and the significance value was smaller than [alpha] (0.000 <0.050), then the decision H0 was rejected which it meant there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group based on the measured score.

This study aimed at designing a model of instructional materials for Academic Writing Course focusing on research paper writing. The model was designed based on the Curriculum at the English Education Study Program, Faculty of Language and Art Education of IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia. This model was developed in order to improve students' skill in writing research paper which is one of the prerequisite tasks before graduating from university. The steps of this research and development consist of needs analysis, document analysis, model design, model development, and model experimentation. The researchers conducted needs analysis to the fifth semester students and three academic writing teachers, in order to generate information dealing with the students' needs in academic writing course materials. The needs analysis and documents analysis were dug up through questionnaire, interview, and discussion among students and academic writing teachers. The documents analyzed in this study were syllabus, lesson plan, and the existing textbook. The model design used is derived from Borg and Gall (1983) and Sukmadinata (2008), in which there are four steps, i.e. (1) exploration phase; (2) model development phase; (3) model experimentation phase; and (4) dissemination and model implementation phase. The results of needs analysis questionnaire reveal that students need to be taught how to write academic writing in terms of journal article since it will be the final project of the students at the end of their study in university. Instructional materials with different strategies focused on research paper writing are needed by the students.

Using the newspaper as a medium of learning English is a unique way to stimulate students' interest in reading, since students at this age is a student who has dropped their interest in reading. Therefore, the researchers decided to use the newspaper as a medium to build students' vocabulary. Researcher chose participant in the study of class XB and XE in SMK 45 Lembang. The school gave these two classes as the sample, because believed that each class has the cognitive abilities and knowledge that are relatively equal. In this study, researchers randomly selected from among the two classes used as a sample for the Control and Experimental Class. As the result, researchers found class X E as Control class, and X B as an Experimental class. The study lasted for a full month, in which each class received different treatment. As a result, the Gain value of Experimental class is higher than the Control class. Moreover, based on the result of the data analysis with the Mann-Whitney U test method, it showed that that there were significant differences in Students' Vocabulary growth, between Control class and Experimental class. Based on the calculation of Non-parametric Mann- Whitney U test, the gain data between Experimental Class and Control Class show the value of Asymp Sig. (0.000), Z[alpha] (0.05) and the value of Z (4.847). Z [alpha] (1.96). Therefore, it can be concluded that the method of using newspaper as a teaching material has a positive impact in the absorption and growth in students' vocabulary.

Current trend in education has acknowledged the urgency to move students from the role of traditional receiver and echoer of information to the role of critical listener, speaker, reader, and writer. In so doing, the students need to embrace the role of text analysts who continuously question texts that they encounter. This study looked for indices of students' engagement in text analyst role. The data for the analysis were collected from 25 EFL university students' reviews which were randomly selected. Using the guidepost developed from Luke and Freebody's (1999) Four Resources Framework, the study highlighted points of information and/or questions or issues addressed in the students' writing which indicated students' role as text analysts. The study revealed that 40 percent of the students failed to practice the text analyst role. Meanwhile, those who addressed the role showcased five major patterns of indices: (1) questioned the trustworthiness of text, (2) recognized bias, (3) uncovered hidden intention/agenda, (4) identified harmed/benefitted party, and (5) provided alternate point of view/way of saying and/or personal standing. This study concludes that the students will be able to engage in text analyst role under two conditions (1) they are not struggling with the basic comprehension and (2) they have reached a state of habituation of mind in terms of questioning text. It is therefore recommended that the students be given sufficient time for familiarization and have continuous practices to make a critical approach to texts.

Using the newspaper as a medium of learning English is a unique way to stimulate students' interest in reading, since students at this age is a student who has dropped their interest in reading. Therefore, the researchers decided to use the newspaper as a medium to build students' vocabulary. Researchers chose participants in the study of class XB and XE in SMK 45 Lembang. The school gave these two classes as the sample, because believed that each class has the cognitive abilities and knowledge that are relatively equal. In this study, researchers randomly selected from among the two classes used as a sample for the Control and Experimental Class. As the result, researchers found class XE as Control class, and XB as an Experimental class. The study lasted for a full month, in which each class received different treatment. As a result, the Gain value of Experimental class is higher than the Control class. Moreover, based on the result of the data analysis with the Mann-Whitney U test method, it showed that that there were significant differences in Students' Vocabulary growth, between Control class and Experimental class. Based on the calculation of Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, the gain data between Experimental Class and Control Class show the value of Asymp Sig. (0.000), Z[alpha] (0.05) and the value of Z (4.847). Z[alpha] (1.96). Therefore, it can be concluded that the method of using newspaper as a teaching material has a positive impact in the absorption and growth in students' vocabulary. [Note: The page range (12-28) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range for this article is 12-27.]

Indonesian lecturers are now encouraged to publish papers in international journals so that they can better disseminate research findings and innovations globally. However, many of them have the problems with English language mastery. This study was aimed at identifying and analyzing language problems of the Indonesian university lecturers in writing English academic papers for international publications. The subjects of the study were 66 randomly selected lecturers of various disciplines other than English Education and English Literature. The data were collected by questionnaire and English writing tasks on phrases, sentences, and paragraphs which were then analyzed descriptively. The results show that language errors and mistakes in grammar, syntax, vocabulary, spelling and word forms were all found in the subjects' writings. In writing academic papers for international publications, university lecturers faced language problems as constructing phrases and sentences, choosing and using appropriate vocabulary and terms relevant to their topic of study as well as translating their Indonesian sentences into English.

Purpose: This paper aimed to review globally the empowerment programs for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths, to examine the role of empowerment in health promotion, to explore the stages of health promotion through community empowerment strategies including planning, implementation and evaluation. Finally, this paper will develop a model of youth empowerment to prevent and control smoking behavior that reflects theory and experience drawn from the literature. Design/methodology/approach: This review synthesized articles on community empowerment and health promotion, youth empowerment programs for tobacco prevention and control globally from books and electronic databases from the Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) library in the publication period 2000-2020. Relevant literature was selected and critically reviewed which reflected the role empowerment in health promotion, stage of community empowerment strategy as described by Laverack and youth empowerment concept in tobacco control as described by Holden. Findings: Documents that specifically discuss empowerment programs for smoking prevention and control are still limited. The findings document that youth empowerment in tobacco control do not fully integrate the theory empowerment as described by Laverack and Holden. This paper provides information about the stages of youth empowerment, and a conceptual framework of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior. Youth empowerment is done through the direct involvement of youth in programs starting from program design, planning, implementation and evaluation. Indicators of the success of the empowerment process are reflected in the increase in the empowerment domain. Meanwhile, the output of empowerment can be seen from the individual- or group-level changes. Originality/value: This paper proposes a model of youth empowerment for the prevention and control of smoking behavior among youths based on theory and experience in the field.

Anthraquinone has been widely utilized in the pulp and paper industry as a catalyst for alkaline cooking; however, its application has been recently restricted due to its potential carcinogenic effects. Hence, safer alternatives to anthraquinone have been explored. Agro-industrial by-products have been utilized as sustainable sources of value-added materials. In this study, teak (Tectona grandis) wood waste from Gunung Kidul, Indonesia, which naturally contains lapachol, was utilized as a biocatalyst to enhance delignification and improve pulp yield in alkaline cooking for pulp and paper production. The use of lapachol as a cooking catalyst was investigated for kraft, soda, and prehydrolysis soda cooking. Lapachol accelerated delignification and retained carbohydrate in all three alkaline cooking methods, with its effect being more pronounced in kraft cooking than in soda cooking. This study demonstrates that teak wood extractives with lapachol are promising sustainable catalysts for alkaline cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Childhood stunting is associated with poorer child health, growth and development including diminished cognitive abilities. Mapping out the links between child stunting and Early Childhood Education and Development is critical to increasing understanding of the causes and effects of childhood stunting, and for programme and policy development. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the development and educational environments across India, Indonesia and Senegal, and to identify the multifactorial drivers and impacts of childhood stunting to inform a new typology., Methods and Analysis: This current study is part of an interdisciplinary observational research study, where women are recruited during pregnancy and mother-infant pairs followed prospectively, up to 24 months after birth. Eight measures will be used to profile children's early development and learning environments in two sample cohorts: (A) children aged 12 and 24 months born to the women recruited during pregnancy (ie, 500 pregnant mothers per country) and (B) a preschool case-control cohort of siblings from the main cohort aged between 3:6 and 5:6 years of age where anthropomorphic measures will be collected to assess degrees of stunting. Profiling of the development and learning environments in the countries will include both parent/caregiver self-reported and local staff (enumerators) direct assessments of children and settings., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committees of all partner institutions. In India, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad; In Indonesia, Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia; and in Senegal, National Ethics Committee for Scientific Research in Senegal.The findings of the study will be disseminated in national and international meetings, seminars, conferences and peer-reviewed journals., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: In 2020, an estimated 150 million children under the age of 5 years were stunted. Stunting results from early-life adversity and it is associated with significant physical and cognitive deficit, lifelong socioeconomic disadvantage and reduced life expectancy. There is a need to understand the causes of stunting and its effects in order to develop strategies to avoid it and to mitigate the consequences once stunting has occurred. Epigenetics is an important mechanism through which early-life factors are thought to influence biological function, with long-term consequences. We describe a series of epigenetic studies designed to understand how early-life adversity results in stunting and to inform the development of practical tools such as predictive markers and therapeutic targets. This work is part of the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub., Methods and Analysis: The project-in India, Indonesia and Senegal-comprises an observational study of mothers, fathers, and offspring (n=500) spanning the first 1000 days of life, and an intervention study in each country. Epigenetic status (DNA methylation) is determined in saliva from babies collected within 1 month of birth and again at 18 months of age, and from mothers and fathers around the time of birth. Epigenome-wide analysis is carried out using the Illumina EPIC array, augmented by high-definition sequencing approaches. Statistical analysis is carried out at the level of candidate genes/regions, higher dimensional epigenetic states and epigenome-wide association. Data analysis focuses on the determinants of stunting, the effectiveness of interventions, population comparisons and the link between epigenetics and other thematic areas, which include anthropometry, microbiome, gut health, parasitology, cognition, nutrition, food hygiene and water sanitation, food systems and the home environment., Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the relevant Ethics Committees in Indonesia, India and Senegal, and the UK. Research data will be published and posted in public repositories., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Inadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (eg, backyard 'nutri-gardens') may increase dietary diversity within farming households, such interventions have limited scalability across the wider food system where markets remain underdeveloped. This research aims to develop and assess market-based interventions for key nutrient-dense foods to help improve the diets of women and children in the first 1000 days of life., Methods: Data collection uses four parallel approaches in each of the three study countries (India, Indonesia and Senegal). (1) A novel food environment tool will be developed to characterise the accessibility and affordability of nutrient-dense foods in the study countries. The tool will be validated through pretesting using cognitive interviewing and piloting in purposively sampled households, 10 (cognitive interviewing) and 30 (piloting) households in each country; (2) stakeholder interviews (eg, with producers, intermediaries and retailers) will be conducted to map out nutrition-sensitive entry points of key value chains (eg, animal-sourced foods), before hotspots of potential food safety hazards will be identified from food samples collected along the chains; (3) the Optifood and Agrifood tools will be used to identify foods that can address food system nutrient gaps and engage key stakeholders to prioritise market interventions to improve nutrition outcomes. Optifood and Agrifood parameters will be informed by publicly available data, plus interviews and focus groups with value chain stakeholders; (4) informed by the previous three approaches and a campaign of participatory 'group model building', a novel system dynamics model will evaluate the impact of alternative market-based solutions on the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods over time., Ethics and Dissemination: The study has received ethical approval in the United Kingdom, Senegal, Indonesia and India. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed journals, international disciplinary conferences and multistakeholder dissemination workshops., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Child stunting has a complex aetiology, especially in the first 1000 days of life. Nutrition interventions alone have not produced expected impacts in reducing/preventing child stunting, indicating the importance of understanding the complex interplay between environmental, physiological and psychological factors influencing child nutritional status. This study will investigate maternal and child nutrition, health and well-being status and associated factors through the assessment of: (1) anthropometry, (2) biomarkers of nutrition and health status, (3) dietary intakes, (4) fetal growth and development, (5) infant morbidity, (6) infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and (7) perinatal maternal stress, depression and social support., Methods: This study will be conducted in a prospective pregnancy cohort in India, Indonesia and Senegal. Pregnant women will be recruited in the second (Indonesia, Senegal) and third (India) trimester of pregnancy, and the mother and infant dyads followed until the infant is 24 months of age. During pregnancy, anthropometric measures will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected for biochemical assessment of nutrition and health status, dietary intakes will be assessed using a 4-pass-24-hour dietary recall method (MP24HR), fetal ultrasound for assessment of fetal growth. After birth, anthropometry measurements will be taken, venous blood samples will be collected, MP24HR will be conducted, infant morbidity and IYCF practices will be assessed and a sample of breastmilk will be collected for nutrient composition analyses. Perinatal maternal stress, depression, social support and hair cortisol levels (stress) will be measured. The results from this study will be integrated in an interdisciplinary analysis to examine factors influencing infant growth and inform global efforts in reducing child stunting., Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (17915/RR/17513); National Institute of Nutrition (ICMR)-Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (CR/04/I/2021); Health Research Ethics Committee, University of Indonesia and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (KET-887/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2019); and the Comité National d'Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé, Senegal (Protocole SEN19/78); the Royal Veterinary College (URN SR2020-0197) and the International Livestock Research Institute Institutional Research Ethics Committee (ILRI-IREC2020-33). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to policy-makers and participating communities., Competing Interests: Competing interests: none., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

This study is meant to examine the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda. Through the descriptive-quantitative research, the thesis quality of students of English Department at IAIN Samarinda is reviewed from the aspects of language, structure, concepts understanding, theoretical framework, methodology, content, writing mechanism, and references used. This study also tries to figure out any factors that affect the thesis quality of English Department students. Fourteen English Department Students' thesis tested in 2013 are used as the main data. In addition, other data are obtained from respondents i.e. 19 students, and informants i.e. lecturers of English Department who are also their thesis advisors. The result shows that the average score of thesis written by 14 English Department students at IAIN Samarinda academic year of 2013 is 3.16 which is in the range of 2.61-3.40 scale, which is quite good quality. This quality is relevant with the informants' perceptions about the quality of thesis written by their students. Judging from some aspects, they assume that their students are able to write a good quality of thesis with an average score of 2.81 which is at a scale of 2.61-3.40. The quality is affected by internal factors and external factors. The most decisive internal factor is the respondents' low score of writing with appropriate and acceptable structure in English. This is the effect of respondents' lack of ability of composing adequate paragraphs in English. Meanwhile, the most concerning external factor is the quality of learning structure course and the professionalism of the informants in guiding the students to improve their writing ability in thesis writing. A bibliography is included.

This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the test scores as results of Test of English Proficiency (TOEP) based on paper and pencil test (PPT) versus computer-based test (CBT). Using the participants' responses to the PPT documented from 2008-2010 and data of CBT TOEP documented in 2013-2014 on the sets of 1A, 2A, and 3A for the Listening and Reading section, the researcher estimated the reliability estimation results using classical test theory and the value of information function and on the item response theory on PPT are then compared with CBT, which has the greater reliability and the value of information functions is said to be more accurate. The study shows that with the classical test theory approach, the reliability coefficients between the scores of the results of PPT and those of CBT are almost the same, and using the item response theory, it was found that although the value of the information function on PPT and CBT are relatively similar in several subtests, there is a tendency for participants with the moderate ability that CBT is more accurate than PPT, and for the low and high ability of participants, PPT tends to be more accurate than CBT.

Among three sections that follow the Paper-Based TOEFL (PBT), many test takers find listening comprehension section is the most difficult. Thus, in this research the researcher aims to explore how students learn PBT's listening comprehension section effectively through song technique. This sounds like a more interesting and engaging way to learn language because music is a very powerful motivational tool for learning language. To reach the goal of this study, the researcher applied the grammar approach. It is an appropriate approach since the main idea of grammar-based listening exercises is to analyze the language by its components and reconstruct an incomplete text. Besides, the researcher employed an English song as the media the researcher uses the top-down model for the Listening Process. In this research, the writer tries to share his experience in teaching listening in English department of Teknokrat College by implementing song technique

Indonesian municipal solid waste (MSW) is dominated by biodegradable MSW (organic and paper). Due to the degradation process, the physical and hydraulic characteristics of these components can change. It is important to study the physical and hydraulic characteristics of MSW, because landslides occurred in several landfills in Indonesia after heavy rains. Field observations showed that landslides occur due to reduced paper components in the landfill (due to high recycling activities), and cause high percolation of water into the landfill. In the research, 38 samples consisting of two variants of MSW samples (organic and 80% organic + 20% paper), were prepared under the conditions of optimum moisture content. The organic sample of MSW is leaf, while the paper sample of MSW is newspaper, which were shredded to a diameter of about 1 cm. The tests of moisture content, bulk density (in the mould of permeameter), particle size distribution, and permeability were carried out on both sample variants for 90 days, with a test frequency of once in 5 days. The results showed that there was an increase in the moisture content and density, and a decrease in particle size and permeability in both variants of MSW sample. Organic MSW + paper has lower permeability and higher density than organic MSW. This requires further study, because a high paper recycling ratio can lead to a change in the landfill characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the correlation between students' digital competence and indecision with the challenges they encounter during the online scientific writing assistance process amid the Covid-19 pandemic. Students faced multiple forms of hesitation, communication breakdowns, and missed opportunities for discussion during this process. The research findings target guidelines for writing scientific papers. Qualitative data was collected through an online survey of 100 students from public universities in Indonesia. The research instrument employed an online questionnaire distributed to students via the Google Forms application. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative and interpretive approaches based on the principles of content analysis. The results revealed that students experienced profound doubts and confusion when it came to organizing their thoughts while conducting research and writing scientific papers as final projects. This research suggests that students' digital intelligence alone is insufficient for accessing the information required by their intellectual intelligence in writing scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics in domestic wastewater are detrimental to living organisms and appear in a variety of sizes, colors, and shapes. The purpose of this study is to examine the distribution of microplastics in domestic wastewater, as well as the possibility for microplastic removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The sampling method used is SNI 6989.59:2008 concerning Wastewater Sampling Methods that Apply in Indonesia. To remove organic compounds in the sample, 0.05 M Fe (II) and 30% H2O2 solution were added by the digestion process at 75 ℃ for 30 minutes and cooled. Samples were filtered using Whattman GF/C filter paper with the help of a vacuum pump and dried. To identify the concentration, shape, size, color of microplastics, visual analysis was used with the help of a microscope using the zig-zag technique. The concentration of microplastics in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot is 30.17 ± 0.75 particles/100 mL sample. The most commonly found microplastic size is 1,001-5,000 μm, while the dominant color is transparent. The forms of microplastic found in the samples were fiber, fragments and microbeads with a percentage of 65.20%, 23.16% and 11.64%, respectively. These microplastics come from local community activities such as washing clothes, bathing, washing dishes, and other activities. So, it is necessary to treat domestic wastewater using WWTP. Not only does it remove organic matter and nutrients, WWTP also has the potential of microplastics removal around 7-99% depending on the processing unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of the problem-based service learning model based on the local wisdom of gugur gunung on the environmental concern of the students in Public Senior High School 1 Campurdarat. (2) Determine the effect of problem based service learning models on the ability to write scientific papers at Public Senior High School I Campurdarat. (3) Knowing the students' impressions of the implementation of the problem based service learning model based on the local wisdom of gugur gunung in Lake Buret, Tulungagung. The method used in this study was quasi experiment. The research design used was the post-test control group design with 2 groups: a) experimental group, which is students from class XI science 1 and b) control group, which is students from class XI science 3 of Public Senior High School I Campurdarat, Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia. Data was obtained from post-test of environmental concern and ability to write scientific papers. From the Mann-Whitney test using SPSS, the Z count value was smaller than - Z table (-6.851 <- 1.960), and the significance value was smaller than α (0.000 <0.050), then the decision H0 was rejected which it meant there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group based on the measured score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing use of recycled paper by the paper industry to support the Green Industry in the Indonesian Pulp and Paper Industry. But technically, there are some disadvantages of recycled fiber usage such as low drainage rate in which boosted the high energy consumption on drying process. As already known, the drying process consumes the highest energy in papermaking. To overcome this problem, the research using the concentrate of endoglucanase Egl-II has done. The steps of research included production of endoglucanase Egl-II; concentration by ultrafiltration method, modification of recycled paper fibers using endoglucanase Egl-II; characterization of paper sheet; and evaluation of energy consumption in drying the sheet of paper. The results showed that endoglucanase Egl-II had increase drainage rate of recycled fiber stock, which indicate by the freeness number. The number had increased by 80 ml CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) from 190 ml CSF to 270 ml CSF, and fiber retention increased by 0,63% from 99,31% to 99,94%. The dissolved cellobiose test results of recycled fiber stock by the enzyme treatment at low dosage showed that no degradation of cellulose, no change into soluble sugars. Characterization of sheet of paper that has been modified with endoglucanase Egl-II based FTIR spectra showed no change in functional group, SEM results showed on the fiber surface fibrils grow more, and the results of the XRD analysis showed area reduction of amorphous regions is about 6%. The potential for energy efficiency is calculated through thermodynamic approach is about 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of Gardu Toll Otomatis (GTO), automatic toll payment, becomes a general model for every toll payment in Indonesia. Almost toll payment models in Indonesia have a paper printout as received which is often wasted. This condition happens since not all the driver needs a paper proof of the transaction. Therefore, the wasted paper will occur everywhere for 24 h. Furthermore, in this work the design of printout system using a more efficient printout model with rotation feeding method has developed printout system. In this work, the rotation mechanism system is applied through product design engineering through Industry 4.0. This system is made by removing the printout paper that remains present to the driver who needs it, but not wasted because of the driver who does not need it. There are three important steps as follows; in the first step, the printout paper appears in a special tray which is easy to reach and takes for those who need it. In the second step, the paper will remain in the tray for the driver who did not pick it up and final step, the tray with paper printout will rotate mechanically back into the GTO machine to be destroyed by a paper shredder. The experiment of the paper printout system has been carried out. The results show that the proposed approach produces a better accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show the testing accuracy of 90%. The system confirms the effectiveness of the proposed paper printout system for the GTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in legislative drafting in Indonesia is compulsory. Output of the research is academic paper (Naskah Akademik) which supports rationale needed for legislative drafting. This academic paper also provides logical and objective argumentation on significance of legislation. Even though research in legislative drafting has become a compulsory since 2011, academics and practitioners found several weaknesses in research methodology. This article discusses two major issues related to research methodology in legislative drafting (developing the academic analysis). The first is dynamics of legislative policy developments related to research methodology for developing academic paper for legislative drafting in Indonesia. The second is weaknesses of legislative policy developments related to research methodology for legislative drafting in Indonesia. This article shows that the national policy on legislation did not provide comprehensive guidance on research methods for developing academic paper for legislative drafting. The existing guideline discussed general issues, which affect quality of academic paper for legislative drafting. As an addition, academic paper for legislative drafting is treated as not more than complementary document for the drafting because it provided neither scientific justification nor arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]