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Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To calculate analytical model of buildings and receive stress-strain state results, triangulation of structural elements is required. Great attention should be paid to reinforced concrete multi-span floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements. Due to unevenness and complexity in form, the finite element mesh of slab in such places can become more concentrated, which leads to an increase in stress values and inadequately elements design. To prevent such negative consequences and create an even mesh all over the slab, additional mesh generation in such places is required. To simplify such problem and reduce human costs, adjustment of finite element (FE) mesh can be obtained by means of visual programming. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and compare the results of finite element analysis (FEA) of reinforced concrete floor slab in residential building and to adjust generated mesh at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming in SAPFIR-3D. The scientific and practical importance of the work stands in the describing of the method of adjustment of FE mesh generation of floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming. The results of the research are based on the results of calculation in programming complexes SAPFIR-3D and LIRA-SAPR, also analysis of literary sources and practical experience of the authors. The article revealed the possibility usage of visual programming to adjust FE mesh of floor slab with aim to simplify its shape at the joints with vertical structural elements. There is considered method and options for visual programming in the SAPFIR-3D. In this paper, results of the 8-storey skeleton reinforced concrete residential building with basement, have been analyzed and compared. The practical importance of the results of this paper lies in the presentation of the proposed method to adjust FE mesh of floor slab by means of visual programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stents are used in Angio-plasticity (to make the blood flow through it, as an alternative for veins). Reason for choosing material to be shape memory alloy (SMA) is that It should be flexible and resilient. Along with it, it should expand on heating and contract on cooling. A study like this will help to understand more about the behavior of the stent and provide designers with valuable information on how to improve the quality of the stent for different biological loading conditions using FEA. Research and development of new products in biomaterial can be made more cost-effective by implementing this technology. This paper with the help of this FE analysis, two cardiovascular stents made of Aluminum and Nitinol alloy have been thoroughly examined. Comparative results are validated for the different shape memory alloy (SMA) material to know their nonlinear behavior during excessive blood pressure conditions. The outcome of this paper is to determine the FOS and which material is reliable amongst the material. The total deformation of aluminum alloy obtained from the FEA analysis was 1.9174 mm, this total deformation value is greater than the nitinol material. Hence from the analysis its concluded that the nitinol is better than the aluminum alloy when designing a cardiovascular self-expanding stent with more life, less deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry's recent high requirements for high-performance machinery include the selection of materials and effective procedure for cam-follower design and manufacturing. Numerous authors have used several different ways to change the mechanical design, modelling or simulation, and performance of the Cam-follower mechanism. The Cam and follower mechanism are generally utilized for the IC engine's inlet and outlet valves. This paper presents the designing, modelling, and finite element analysis of the machine cam-follower mechanism. For this analysis, the finite element method is used. The Cam-follower is one of the essential parts in the engines of automobiles and other vehicles. In this project, the standard engine cam-follower is designed and analysed using SOLIDWORKS & ANSYS WORKBENCH 2020R2 software, respectively. An engine's basic needs create the model. Presently used material for cam- follower is steel. In this paper, the cam-follower material is getting replaced with smart materials. Static structural analysis and model analysis is done cam-follower model using cast iron, steel, and different composite materials. A comparison chart is also prepared for the four materials to confirm the best suitable material for the cam-follower mechanism. Hence, using the standard materials for Cam and follower mechanisms, these can be manufactured from composite materials or smart materials as it will provide better optimization in engine performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some features confronted in finite element analysis of combined clinching and pull-force testing process for process optimal design are investigated to suggest an engineering approach to solve the problems occurring in conducting finite element analysis and clinching process optimal design. An optimized finite element analysis model with appropriate blank size and number of finite elements, based on elasto-plasticity, is proposed in terms of reliable prediction of pull-force. The optimized finite element mesh system in terms of good mesh regularity at the material-die interface is emphasized to obtain steady predictions of pull-force for clinching process design optimization. Rigid-plastic finite element method is criticized from the standpoint of pull-force prediction while implicit elasto-plastic finite element analysis is strongly recommended especially for clinching process design optimization. An optimal process design is conducted using the proposed schemes. The engineering insights obtained from this paper can help gain a better understanding of the deformation history and can pave the way for a more realistic optimal process design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General intention of this research is to investigate possibility to identify damages occurred in overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport during their exploitation based on eigenvalues of the pylons. Metal thin-walled pylons are considered. Vibration detector "LEPTON" is introduced to experimentally obtain eigenvalues of the pylons. Fast Fourier Transformation is applied as general approach to obtain Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of the structure. Results of experimental research of overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport are presented in this paper. Experimental data have been analyzed and conclusion about such an approach expediency is specified. Moreover, it is stated that basing on experimental data only (without any additional mathematical or finite element modelling introduction) main eigenvalue of the structure is able to be identified as 1.619-1.656 Hz range for twenty two observed pylons of Type I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of soft soil, such as low shear strength and permeability with high water content and compressibility, pose a significant challenge for constructing structures and embankments. One of the most common techniques for ground improvement is stone columns, also known as granular piles or aggregate piers. The main aim of stone column installation is to reduce settlement, shorten consolidation time and increase the bearing capacity of soils. A comprehensive literature search has extracted many studies on finite element models, numerical simulation, and large-scale tests to identify stone columns' performance. This paper presents a brief review of the published work on the stone columns in the last 11 years (from 2000 until 2021) in order to describe the growth and the latest research developments of ground improvement by stone columns. The main findings from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases are divided into two main subdivisions: the single/group stone column reinforced foundation and the ordinary/encased stone column, explicitly focusing on bearing capacity and mode of failures. Thus, this review paper provides the efficiency of the latest research trend as a guide for other researchers and industry practices that may be significant in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the main parameters of underground coal combustion and their modelling methods. Different aspects of the process, such as thermal and hydrodynamic processes, combustion processes and interaction with the environment are investigated in the paper. Various methods such as numerical simulation, finite element method, etc. are used to simulate the processes. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and analysed to determine the optimum process parameters. The work represents an important contribution to the field of underground coal combustion and can be useful for developing new technologies and optimising existing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of the city, many new tunnels inevitably pass through the area near the existing tunnel, which may have a greater impact on the existing tunnel. In this paper, the finite element model reflecting the tunnel position is established by using ABAQUS software combined with dynamic simulation analysis method and Python language programming. The influence of the relative position of the new tunnel (L,α) on the deformation of the existing tunnel, the stress of the supporting structure and the ground settlement is studied. The results show that with the increase of relative distance (L), the convergence force, maximum axial force and bending moment of lining decrease gradually. When L is constant, with the increase of α, the convergence of the roof and floor of the existing tunnel increases, and the maximum ground settlement decreases. The maximum axial force and bending moment of the existing tunnel lining increase with the increase of |α|. This paper provides a reference for the rational planning and line selection of the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in engineering have widely been adopted as key enabling technologies in personalized orthopedics. This has led to a greater degree of personalization of medical devices such as fixators, implants, scaffolds, etc. Authors previously contributed to the field of personalized orthopedics through the development of the method of anatomical features (MAF). This study seeks to further innovate the established MAF and introduce a methodology for implant personalization. In this paper a method for the personalization of implants is presented on a personalized humerus shaft plate implant example. The methodology consists of two main elements Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model development. The first result of this paper is a parametric CAD model of a personalized huerus shaft implant. Its contact surface geometry is personalized so it can adapt to changes in length and width of the plate enabling a precise contact with the humerus. The second result is based on the creation of a FEA model which enables the definition of the relationship between the structural parameters and mechanical properties of the personalized implants through a response surface. This information could in the future be used by medical practitioners in the preoperative processes to select a personalized implant which is appropriate for the specific patient case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study stress acting on the dental implant by using Finite Element Analysis to consider different force directions. The material of the component was titanium. Even though long-term dental implant survival rates are easily found and established by numerous studies, the clinical success due to changes in mechanical and prosthodontic apparatuses is still debatable. By using engineering software like Finite Element Analysis and Equivalent Stress Analysis, it has been investigated stress applied to the dental implant. The finalaim of this paper is to find the stress under the load on the dental implant using the virtual model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented here suggests a novel technique for forecasting the surface elastic properties (parameters) of soft solids, specifically σo (surface tension), μs (lame second parameters), and λs (lame first parameter), using machine learning approaches. Soft solids, distinguished by their distinct mechanical properties, are essential in a wide range of applications, from biomedical devices to wearable electronics. Understanding and forecasting surface characteristics is critical for progressing in material design and engineering. While previous research has looked into components of surface elasticity, this study stands out by using machine learning algorithms to predict these properties. Data is generated using Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, resulting in a comprehensive dataset (340875 instances) for training and evaluation. The major goal is to create accurate predictive models that can estimate the surface parameters σo, μs, and λs which govern the material's reaction to external pressures and strains. These surface properties are critical in characterising the behaviour of soft solids, making their prediction an important step towards improved material design and innovation. Considering the multi parameter nature of the prediction work, the paper adopts Multi-Output Decision Tree Regression (MODTR) as the machine learning algorithm of the choice. Various measures of performance, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2 Score), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), are used to analyse results. While previous research has looked into surface elasticity, this paper is the first to use machine learning and finite element analysis data to predict surface characteristics. The results have the potential to advance the uses of soft materials by providing significant insights into their behaviour and permitting creative designs in domains ranging from electronics to biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the evaluation of the performance of the FEMM software in comparison with the performance of the ANSYS/Emag software, where the magnetorheological (MR) valve needs magnetic designs and that the calculation by traditional methods is not easy, so need finite element modeling and analysis (FEM). As the ANSYS/Emag software is certified in most researches magnetorheological (MR) valves, in this paper, the magnetic designs of three papers were relied upon in which the ANSYS/Emag software for magnetic analysis was used. By using FEMM software for the same MR valve magnetic designs, the results of the magnetic density and magnetic flux density satisfactory and close to the ANSYS/Emag software depending on the same dimensions, metals, and the number of coils turns of the original design. The FEMM software is characterized by flexibility and ease of use, due to its specialization in calculating magnetic designs, and less complex than other software. (Some figures in this article may appear in color only in the online version). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive wheel is an indispensable part of a motor vehicle as it is the first part that receives loads in various forms from applications such as falls, heavy cargo and cornering, etc. This paper presents the effectiveness of the analysis process using a finite element method to simulate the dynamic cornering fatigue test by comparing the experimental results with the finite element analysis (FEA) results obtained from three methods: full transient, modal transient and static structural methods. The static structural method was found to have the highest accuracy, with less than 2% error, and also the least computational time. It takes 97% less computational time than the full transient method. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that the static structural method is most effective in using the fatigue life analysis to improve design prior to actual testing to help reduce the cost and time of launching new products in the alloy manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate analytical model of the physical assembled structure is predominantly importance for engineers and designers to be used in predicting the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Powerful tools such as finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental modal analysis (EMA) can be used to determine the dynamic behaviour of the assembled structure. The assembled structure such as automotive structure is normally joined by a number of jointing types such as spot welds, bolts, and adhesive. However due to advancement of the jointing method, the laser jointing method have been significantly used in the automotive industries. However, it is challenging and cumbersome to accurately model a structure that are assembled by a combination of complex types of joints such as laser stitch welds. This is because stitch welds have been discovered as joining method that tends to present the local effect such as structure geometrical irregularities, heat affected zone (HAZ) on the welded areas and also the residual stress that occurs from the laser welding process. In addition, it is challenging to only rely on the prediction of the dynamic behaviour using FE method because predicted results are often found inconsistent with the experimental data. The inconsistencies of the results due to invalid assumptions of laser stitch welds are the significant motivation to the main goal of this paper by investigating the accuracy of the finite element model of the laser stitch welded structure. In this paper, the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the structure are merely to address the local effects due to the laser stitch welds such as geometrical irregularities, HAZ and residual stress that influence the initial prediction of the laser stitch welded structure by producing highly accurate prediction model as close to experimental data. The inclusion of the local effects to the initial FE model are performed in the sensitivity analysis to identify the most sensitive parameters of the laser stitch welded structure. The FE model updating method was employed with corresponding to the measured result for reconciliation purpose. The results revealed that the inclusion of the local effects due to the welding process can significantly improve the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the laser stitch welded structure and the implementation of the sensitivity analysis was successful in correcting the source of error by improving the correlation of the predicted results with experimental counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a finite element method (FEM) analysis for a transient redox reaction on a single electrode microdisk via commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics®. The software capabilities in modelling have been well documented, however, a direct comparison of the 1-dimension (1D), 2-dimension (2D) axisymmetric, and 3-dimension (3D) models for electrode microdisk is scarcely available. The developed model is for cyclic voltammetry under semi-infinite spherical diffusion. Mesh refinement with its consequent number of elements (noe), computation time (tcom), and current, I(t) was compared on the 1D, 2D axisymmetric, and 3D model. This paper proved the software's consistency to produce less than 3% error between simulation and analytical results across all dimensions. 1D simulation took around 3 minutes to complete, giving less than 0.1% error. While the 2D axisymmetric simulation completed around 10 minutes with 0.5% error. On very fine mesh using a 3D model can yield a simulation with an error of 2.5%. It has the drawback of taking significantly longer tcom to complete. A slight discrepancy between 2D axisymmetric and 3D simulation results on finest meshing recorded to have less than 3% difference and that is due to CPU memory limit. Further investigations on complex electrochemistry using this platform are justified and highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A valve is a device that control or regulate the fluid in the pipe line, which is commonly used in all industries like oil and gas, process, power, mining, etc. Valves are mainly classified into two types, namely, linear motion valve and rotary motion. A butterfly valve is among the family of rotary motion valve (quarter turn valve) having a metal closure plate along with middle shaft, which acts as a rotating axis. The quarter turn valves are fast to open and close as they required only 90 degrees to rotate in order to fully close and open. The objective of this paper is to identify and study the various characteristics and performance of butterfly valves used in the process industries through various literatures. The most important key performance parameters are identified such as valve operating torque and sealing hence additional research is required to optimize the sealing performance and valve torque by using finite element analysis and engineering hand calculations. Also, it is concluded size optimization is the best methodology for valves according to the industrial valves market scenario. In future research, the factors influencing the design variables to be explored more by scientific methods and the relationship between the variables are to be investigated in order to find the impact of values changes in the variables by using research methodology and technique such as linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and etc., Further a reverse engineering to be carried out in high performance butterfly valves to explore the performances and same has been optimized by finite element analysis and engineering calculation without affecting the international valve design guide lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-velocity interaction between particles and nonflat surfaces is relevant to processes occurring in additive manufacturing technologies such as cold spray. The study of the behavior of the material during a high-velocity collision is needed to understand the full-scale process. The paper addresses the normal contact interaction between spherical particles as well as spherical surfaces at a velocity as high as 400 m/s. The problem is approached by numerical simulation applying the finite element method using strain, strain-rate, and temperature-dependent plasticity model. The focus of this report is to show the contribution of colliding particle radii to the interaction parameters. The results include contact duration, contact surface area, displacement, heat energy, stress, and strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a nonlinear 3D model analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with web openings using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The core of the study forms the fundamental procedure of finite element (FE) model building focused on the behavior and structural performance of concrete. Results from various finite element models are compared in the study. The study objective is to define different constitutive models and observe their influence on the structural performance of numerical models of the composite beams at particular load stages. The corresponding deformations, stresses, strains, and fracture patterns were determined. The results show how load-bearing elements consisting of concrete parts can be analyzed using FEM software with various options in order to create the most suitable numerical model. The paper demonstrates the versatility of ANSYS software usage for structural simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without the use of conductive wires, wireless power transfer (WPT). An important part of IPT are the magnetic charging pads, i.e., the wireless connections that are responsible for transmitting the required electrical power from the source-side to the components of the electric vehicles (EVs). Any misalignment of the receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) coupling coils must be tolerated by the magnetic coupler. This paper introduces a modern charging pad called "DD-CC" that combines traditional "DD" and circular "CC" pads. In regards of coupling parameters and the misalignment impact, a comparison is made between the suggested pad and the double "DD" pad. The system is designed and evaluated utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) using "ANSYS_MAXWELL" program. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed "DD-CC" pad, which offers a strong coupling coefficient of (K) = 0.300 when compare with the DD pad. MATLAB-Simulink is used to simulate a WPT system to transmit power in the range of up to 11.1 KVA over (Z2) distance class. A good efficiency of 99.24% was achieved for the designed charging pad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castellated beams are well contemporarily ascribable to their structural applications. The Castellated beams are manufactured by fragmenting hot-formed rolled section that is of I shape in then it is welded together. The numerical analysis is performed using ABAQUS software. Consequently flexural, shear behavior of Castellated beams, various size and shape of openings provided, depth of openings, usage of different kinds of stiffeners, columns with and without web openings are the attempts made up in different journal papers and he researchers. It is also found that the Finite element analysis of the beam shows better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a test problem for verification of the open-source software Code_Aster for the tasks of simulating strain gauge force sensors. Due to complex geometry, strain gauge force sensors are simulated using Finite Element Analysis Software. For robust design and optimization of strain gauge force sensors, their stress-strain state has to be simulated with good accuracy. In this paper, stress-strain state of a number of typical elastic elements used to manufacture strain gauge force sensors was analyzed using Code_Aster and ANSYS as the reference software. The comparison of strains and stresses shows that nodal strains obtained from Code_Aster are in good agreement with those calculated using ANSYS, and the stress results show reasonable agreement. The simulation fidelity and the open-source license of Code_Aster make it a good tool for educational projects and course works devoted to design of strain gauge force sensors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research work is to present the free vibration analysis of plates composed of one of the materials that have good performance and can be applied in many fields like buildings. Material that has such properties is Functionally Graded Material (FGM). FGM consists of a mixture of ceramics and metals through varying volume fractions, ceramic material as a heat barrier at the high-temperature side, and metal material with rigid properties and high conductivity at the low-temperature side. In this paper, the FGM plate is investigated using the finite element method. We use 3-node Triangular Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components (MITC3), widely used by researchers or commercial software. The MITC3 element is a triangular element that gives good performance to analyze plate problems, especially isotropic plate problems. We performed the numerical analysis to examine the performance and convergence behavior of the MITC3 FGM plate element in the case of rectangular plates with varying length to width ratios, and the results are compared with the reference solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle moving on the road is subjected to a continuous source of vibration. A shock absorber in the suspension system is used to isolate the vehicle from the force transmitted by road irregularities. A shock absorber converts vibration into heat energy. This paper deals with the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy by employing a transmission mechanism which is called a mechanical motion rectifier. This mechanism converts linear vibratory motion into unidirectional motion, which is then supplied to the DC generator. A rack and pinion type gear, a one way clutch bearing, and a bevel gear arrangement are used in this mechanism. This paper focuses on the design of the mechanical motion rectifier, which has a compact size. Static structural analysis is carried out for the rack and pinion system to identify displacement by using finite element analysis software. The design based on the mechanical motion rectifier can also be used for other applications for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a polymer matrix composite (PMC) which is widely used in Aerospace, automobile and other engineering applications, which is reinforced with fly ash is taken in different weight ratios for manufacturing of Fly wheel cup. The principle target of this paper is to determine the behavior of fly wheel cup which is manufactured by deep drawing process using polymer matrix composite (PMC). In order to find the behavior of finite element analysis technique is used to find the deformation and equivalent elastic strain. Deformation of Fly Wheel Cup was found in the range of 0.0017 m – 0.008 m, and the level of equivalent elastic strain was found in the range 0.0087 – 0.04. And compared the results with Mild Steel, which is presently in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose using the wave finite element method and genetic algorithms to design periodic waveguide structures with optimal stop-bands. Instead of modelling waveguides using the standard finite element method, we use the wave finite element method to model the waveguides. The wave and finite element method is based on using periodic structure theory and the finite element model of a unit cell of the waveguide to describe the waveguide's motion in terms of wave amplitudes rather than in terms of physical degrees of freedom. This results in a numerically efficient model of the waveguide which can be used in optimisation studies. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the optimisation of stop-bands in the waveguides which leverage this property of periodic structures. Genetic algorithms will be used to optimise the stop-bands. A numerical example where analytical models can be obtained will be used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to replace traditional steel leaf springs with composite materials while maintaining their size and geometry. This paper represents the design and static analysis of the mono leaf-spring. A Metal Matrix composite P100 Gr/6061 Al has been used to compare the existing leaf spring made up of stainless steel. This paper aims to design and perform static structural analysis comparison between mono leaf spring made up of metal matrix composite (MMC) and existing material steel. The structural modeling and finite element analysis [FAE] of mono leaf spring has been performed in Catia v5 R20 software and then imported to the ANSYS 2022 R1 workbench resulting in the improvement of the design of mono leaf spring along with weight reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosthesis has been advancing since the day of its introduction, having a tremendous degree of advancement and examination in clinical field as well as in robotics. This has been an influence for researchers who made it conceivable with various types of prosthetics that are accessible these days in the market both commercially and uniquely crafted. This paper throws light on numerical simulation and design of a prosthetic leg. The work focuses on the optimization and simulation of a prosthetic leg, improving its strength and making it cost effective. The paper has described the design and analysis of two early-existed models of prosthetic leg, comparing their strength and durability through different material analysis and thereafter designing a new model with better strength, having a high deformation rate or durability, and having much cost-efficient design and material. The Finite element analysis (FEA) was done in Ansys software, the material properties and cost efficiency were kept in mind during the analysis as well as during selection of material. Prosthetics are modified for every person, remembering the utilization and actual properties. In any case, the conventional prosthetics are heavier, and the production is costly andtedious. The current study resolves this issue and proposes an elective plan for prosthetic legs. The designed prosthetic was simulated properly and has been compared with earlier existed models. The study concludes that the new design is much more efficient and user friendly that the wearer will feel comfortable, to live a normal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a two-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling utilized to simulate experimental testing of reinforced concrete (RC) beams externally strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced laminate (CFRP). Four models of concavely flat and curved soffit RC beams were developed. These beams were simulated to be simply supported and loaded statically up to failure by a mid-span single load. The simulations are undertaken to predict the failure mode and load- carrying capacity and gain further understanding of the influence of curvature on CFRP delamination behavior. In this study, eight experimentally tested RC beams were used for comparison with the FE models. The curved soffit beams were constructed with different degrees of curvature of 5, 10, and 15mm/m. The experimental and FE simulation results showed that specimens with 5, 10, and 15mm/m degree of curvature had an average change in the load -carrying capacity of up to 2.5, 6, and 3%, respectively. Furthermore, simulation results showed the failure mode was CFRP intermediate-span crack- induced (IC) de-bonding as observed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro tunnel boring machines (MTBM) are the smaller size of tunnel boring machines for installing pipelines beneath the earth's surface with minimum disturbance to the regular life of the community above the tunneling location. The micro tunneling process is a remotely controlled continuous process to insert the pipes under the ground with the different types of soil and rock conditions using the hydraulic pipe jacking technique. MTMB consists of several components such as cutting shield, shield skin, shaft, bearing, motor, thrust cylinders, slurry pipes, etc., The cutting shield is driven by the shaft that experiences the loads transferred from Earth pressure, water pressure, building loads over the tunneling locations and seismic loads. Also, the shaft may experience sudden jerks during the restarting of the evacuation process. There are many possibilities in failures of cutting blades, shaft, and bearings during the excavation process. The accessibility and repair of failures in micro tunneling are challenging because of the smaller diameter of pipes. Therefore, the shaft is the major driving system that needs to be designed to withstand all the operating loads. In this paper, the major loads acting on the MTBM machine and the loads that transfer to the MTBM shaft are carried out and the shaft design is verified for its safety by Finite Element Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of a strain gauge loadcell with a range of 10 kgf, intended for installation in a test machine. The basic rules used in its design are given. A strength-strain analysis of the elastic element of the loadcell was performed using the finite element method. The steps of production of the loadcell are outlined. The manufactured loadcell is calibrated using the experimental setup described in this paper and the loadcell is built into a test machine. The system for measuring the strength of the test machine is verified, evaluated and classified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a finite element model for the amphibious aircraft spreader bar using a composite structure will be presented. The initial spreader bar cross-section is an ellipse with an overall thickness of 3.8 mm and an additional thickness on the minor axis. The spreader bar using a composite structure is proposed to replace the initial spreader bar using aluminium. Composite Toray-TCA T700S-12K-50C#2510 Plain Weave Fabric will be used to replace aluminium 6061-T6. The composite spreader bar cross-section is similar to the initial design by applying ply drop-off to vary the thickness of its cross-section. There are 44 plies for the thick zone and 18 for the thin zone. For stacking sequences, all zones use symmetric layers. Model verification has been performed by comparing the spreader bar cross-section from the computer-aided design and finite element model. The spreader bar is modeled with a 2D shell element to obtain the failure index and margin of safety using Tsai-Wu failure criteria. The side load while landing will be used in this paper because it is a critical load during the flight. The side load generates tension, compression, shear, roll moment, yaw moment, and torsion in the spreader bar structure. The spreader bar structure using composite material is 42.8% lighter than using aluminium. The margin of safety of spreader bar structure using aluminium and composite material are -0.37 and 1.54, respectively. This results mean that composite structure can be used as an amphibious aircraft spreader bar, which is safer than aluminium in terms of strength, but not better in terms of stiffness due to its lower elastic modulus than aluminium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and shape optimization of the automobile brake lever. Finite element analysis was carried out in the finite element tool. The first part of the research was a comparative study of Finite element analysis using real life data collected for polylactide (PLA) samples. The stress and deformations were analyzed on the Brake lever using ANSYS tool so as to compare and achieve safer design. Purpose of the Finite Element Analysis is to optimize the shape of the Brake lever in order to ensure adequate safety and ergonomics of use. The induced stress was well within maximum permissible limits for the material used during its operation. The obtained results have been validated using published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibration isolators are highly useful for reducing the amplitudes of oscillations during the operation of the heavy machines in the industries and research laboratories. When the machine operates at the natural frequency of the component resonance takes place, leads to violent oscillations, violent noise causes severe damage of the structure. In order to reduce the transmission of vibrations and minimize the damage of the structure, effective vibration isolators are important and the type of materials also important for optimum operation. In this paper, therefore, total deformation, unidirectional deformation, equivalent elastic strain, maximum principal elastic strain, minimum elastic strain, of spring type vibration isolator (STVI) made of AluminumAlloy(ALY), Gray Cast Iron(GCI) and stainless steel(STS) are calculated by using the finite element analysis. Optimized STVI is the main spring made of SLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoforming process has now become the most suitable and conventional method for manufacturing 3D circuits with complex geometries. The mold of commercially available automobile lighting LED is developed using CNC machine. The stretchable circuit is printed on a thermoplastic substrate through screen printing technique before undergoing thermoforming process. The factors that affect a thermoformed product are the stretch level and thickness reductions of the substrate. This paper aims to study the effect of the variation in dimensions of the thermoformed product without the printed stretchable circuit on the substrate. Finite element methods (FEM) analysis is also carried out in order to visualize the behavior of the substrate in terms of area stretch ratios (ASR) and thickness reductions of different wall surfaces after deformation according to the geometry of the mold. The ASR and thickness values obtained by experiment and simulation are compared. As a result, the simulated values are bit higher than the experimental ones but they are acceptable, therefore, the behavior of thermoforming product like large stretch areas and less thickness, can be determined prior to the actual thermoforming process of the product with printed stretchable circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low velocity impact is a massive problematic issue causing a damage to the thin plate from the dynamic impact velocity below than 10 m/s especially the impact effects of coal pulveriser at coal powerplant sector. This paper presents the damage behaviour of 11% Manganese Steel plate structures when subjected to dynamic loading at flat (0°) and oblique plate of 45°.and 60° at different height which means different velocity of free fall (6.26 m/s, 7.67m/s, 8.85m/s and 9.9m/s). Experimental was examine thoroughly from strain test using mild steel and simulation development to validate the strain result assigning mild steel properties in Abaqus. This procedure is vital for understanding validation methods procedure. Furthermore, 11% Manganese steel was applied corresponding with model simulation validation from literature by extracting the Mn-steel's mechanical properties from the previous researcher work. After the validation, the geometry was altered based on actual situation of coal impact and thin plate dimension for further damage impact analysis. Finite element Analysis (FEA) was built generally for validation purposed and damage analysis by identified several parameters that influence the result. Flat plate, 0° at the highest velocity 9.9 m/s create significant damage based on highly mass loss compare to others variable because has a greater contact force and energy absorption of Mn-steel plate. Other than that, thickness modification was generated to reduce the damage where 10 mm minimize the damage up to 0.8% of the first impact whereas different material set-up was utilized from Shape Memory alloys (SMA) that cause no visibly damage at all due to high fracture-resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a finite element analysis of failure at the first stage (L-1) blade in a low-pressure 220 MW steam turbine. A crack was found at the leading edge vane of the fourth stage of some blades. The crack existed almost at the same position at several L-1 blades. Steam flows through the stationary blade and then pushes the moving blade, making the rotor rotates at high speed. The steam pushes a rotating blade by fluctuating pressure depending on the blade number and rotating speed. The effect of steam dynamics pressure on a blade's harmonics response and harmonics stress is investigated by finite element analysis using MSC Patran/Nastran 2019. Blade analysis was realized together with verification of the contact model between the blades. Two rotating blades are connected using a fixed round pin at the outer diameter of the blades. The result shows that when the pin contact model between the blades is bonded, the maximum dynamics stress works at the root blade caused by flexural elastic motion. Otherwise, when pin contact is touching or having looseness, the maximum stress occurs at the leading edge vane of the blade due to the torsional elastic mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the advent of micro dimensioned devices, we are in the need of alternate energy sources. In this paper PEM concept is discussed as alternate fuel cell. Concept of passive convention is studied and analyzed in terms of fuel cells with equal current density and heat evaporation throughout the structure. Finite element analysis is used to study the device and respective findings are categorized with variations of thermal profiles and current densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gear transmissions are widely used in modern machines due to the high efficiency, invariability of gear ratio, large power range and compactness of construction. The design process of such machine parts is rather complex since multiple factors such as geometrical, technological, exploitation and material features has an impact on the obtained results. In this paper, the influence of the parameters of the zero-backlash spur gear wheel on the stress distribution is presented with using finite element analysis performed in ABAQUS. The obtained results shows the importance of proper shaping of the geometrical features of the gear wheel. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to improve the design process of zero-backlash gear transmissions as well as to analyze the existing designs in order to verify its exploitation properties. Additionally, the presented research has a didactic purpose to highlight main risks and problems with using dynamic FEM analysis for analyzing gear transmissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The L7e commercial vehicle is a four-wheeled vehicle that can be designed to meet less stringent requirements compared to normal cars. The curb weight of the L7e commercial vehicle is limited to 600 kg, not including the mass of the batteries in the case of electric vehicles with a design load capacity of 1000 kg or less. Such a high load capacity with low curb weight complicates the selection of the suspension stiffness, which must be non-linearly progressive. The authors of the paper decided to support the design process with the non-linear finite element method due to large deformations, contact and friction between interleafs and the rubber elements between interleafs and the mounting bushings. The proposed method of stiffness evaluation was validated by modelling and experimental testing of commercially available non-linear leaf spring. The article presents the methodology of CAD and FEM modelling, as well as the experimental test stand testing of leaf spring stiffness characteristics. Results of FEM analysis and experimental testing were analysed and the accuracy of proposed method was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research and development toward flux switching machines (FSMs) have increased throughout the past decades. It comes handy with the advantage of having high output torque and power densities which suitable in electric vehicle application. Most research have been focusing only on inner rotor configuration leaving a few outer rotor research. As to achieve high output torque at low speed and less copper loss thus resulting to the development of outer rotor permanent magnet flux excitation machine PMFSM. Despite having such advantages, the design faces such disadvantage of having high cogging torque and non-sinusoidal back-emf waveform. In order to overcome the highlighted problems, this paper presents initial analyses on modular outer rotor structure for hybrid excitation flux switching motor based on finite element method. From the analyses, it shows that the modular rotor structure has good capability in reducing cogging torque and back-emf waveforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flux switching machine (FSM) is a new electric motor cluster developed by a number of researchers that has gained popularity in AC electric motor applications. In general, there are three types of FSM, namely permanent magnetic flux switching machine (PMFSM), field excitation flux switching machine (FEFSM) and a hybrid excitation flux switching machine (HEFSM). Alternate circumferential and radial flux (AlCiRaF) is a new design in PMSFM which offers high torque and power density. Likewise, it possess a promising opportunity to be potentially further improved by employing a specific iron assembly to provide flux linkage as an instant bridge at the outer side of stator. Consequently in this paper, 4 designs of flux adjusters (FAs) and 1 design of segmental rotor in AlCiRaF PMFSM are proposed and each performance possibilities are compared. In the beginning, the design procedures for all motors, including component diagrams, determination and material condition, property determination. A comprehensive load analysis of torque speed characteristics and the power output of the motor with different flux adjuster are carried out. The load examination is conducted using finite element analysis (FEA) of JMAG Designer 16.0. Finally, it is found that there is a slightly different in the flux produce where the flux adjuster design is able to produce more flux in the motor for long term use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a spiral steel staircase with finite element analysis using ABAQUS software. The design of a spiral steel staircase uses thin plates without center support. The geometric shape of the spiral steel staircase, which has a height of 4.05 m between floors, is designed with a total diameter of 3.05 m, where the inner diameter is 0.75 m, it has 31 steps with a stair width of 1.15 m, the height of the steps and railing is 1 meter. The design of a spiral steel staircase using thin plates without center support will cause stability problems. The staircase structure is modelled as a nonlinear finite using the ABAQUS program to solve this problem. The finite element analysis is carried out to determine the structure's most significant displacement and stress. The most significant displacement value in the Z-direction (gravity) is 3.551 mm on the outer side. It means the inside area of the staircase has greater rigidity than on the outer side. The results demonstrate that the inner side of the staircase is the major support for the structure and the critical part of the system, so it should be considered in the spiral steel staircase design and construction stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast beam-to-beam connections have recently become feasible for constructing emulative moment resistance connections in frame building systems with optimised design and less complex connection details. In the numerical simulation of the precast reinforced concrete (RC) connection, the definition of the interface behaviour between the precast and post-cast concrete elements, the linking modelling of discontinuous main bars and the proper selection of constitutive material laws are the key factors toward the success of the finite element (FE) application in precast RC connection. Despite the growing research on the numerical simulation of precast connections, most of them tend to either assume a perfect bond or frictional behaviour between precast and post-cast concrete. This could overestimate the results in the first assumption and neglect the adhesive bonding in the second one. Further, less consideration on the main bars' continuity modelling in the previous FE studies. Therefore, this paper presents a 3D non-linear finite element analysis for precast RC beam-to-beam connection using ABAQUS software, focusing on material property definition, concrete-to-concrete interface interaction, and reinforcing bars continuity. This study aims at determining the structural behaviour of precast beam-to-beam connections under monotonic static load. Results of the FE model showed a good agreement with experimental results in terms of crack patterns and load capacity. Overall, the FE model developed in this study can be adopted as an effective tool in predicting the performance of precast RC frame connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of double-symmetrical open cross-sections are widely used as columns in steel structures. In many cases columns are subjected not only to axial force but also local transverse force due to effect of beams connected to the columns. It results in compression in the column web that should be verified in the structural design. Current standard for design of joints in steel structures provides basic information for verification of this joint component. The design resistance of column web in compression is given as yielding resistance or, based on relative slenderness of the web, buckling resistance which takes into account buckling and crippling of the web that are considered using reduction factor. The complex behaviour of the column web in compression is affected by number of aspects, e.g. structural solution of the joint (bolted, welded, with or without end plate), level of normal stress resulting from axial force or possible interaction with shear. The paper focuses on selected aspects influencing the resistance of the column web in transverse compression and summarizes results of advanced geometrically and materially nonlinear numerical analysis which are compared with results determined using provisions in the standards. The numerical analysis was performed using computation system based on finite element method. As it is considered that the resistance of the column web in transverse compression is influenced also by the geometric properties of the cross-section including geometry of the flange-web transition, both rolled and welded cross-sections with various values of web slenderness were selected for the analysis. Along with evaluation of the results obtained in the frame of the study, suitability of different types of numerical models for investigation of this problem is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Finite Element analysis the size of mesh plays a critical role. It is closely said that accuracy and number of mesh required for the meshing of the element. This paper presents the effect of the von misses and various constraints on the accuracy of the result. On the basis of the papers referred and guidelines obtained for choosing the appropriate mesh size in finite element analysis has been provided and explained about the von misses stress occurred in the model. The web reinforcement should be strengthened enough to carry tension forces as well as compression forces so that the compression wrinkling is avoided. Von mises proves to be the perfect safe value for the designing of composite structures which involves various stress theories and failure criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focus on optimization of assembly process using DFMA on portable bluetooth speaker. However, the problem regarding this speaker is it comes with box shaped that is outdate and bulky. It also does not resistant to water as it limited to dry places only. The objectives of this paper are to redesign a much compact and sleek looking portable bluetooth speaker that meets the needs of the music lovers and to assure the speaker to be water resistant. The design of portable bluetooth speaker is using CAD software and then transfer to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to analyses the capabilities of part design. At the end of this paper, this research will give understanding about design using CAD software and do analysis that improved the portable bluetooth speaker. Hence, Sonic Gear Pandora Mini Portable Bluetooth Speaker in grey colour was chosen as a benchmark in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with finite element analysis of fundamental deformation of robot soft finger. The aim of this paper is to develop a simple contact static model of cylindrical soft flexible finger for effective power grasping. In this paper, the geometrical relation connecting different contact parameter, for example, distortion, flexible contact width, and contact angle of developed soft finger are derived. Formula for total force on fundamental deformation has been analyzed using simple mathematics. Selection of appropriate soft elastic material required for modelling of flexible finger is based on fundamental deformation and change in contact width with respect to applied normal load ranges from 0 to 100 N. Experiment is performed for 3 different nonlinear hyper soft elastic materials: Neoprene W, Viton E-60C and Silicone R401/70. Furthermore, deformation of cylindrical finger was determined by performing compression testing for each finger with load step 10 N. Contact width was determined by measuring vivid print observed above the recording paper. Additionally, coefficient of friction (COF) flanked by soft finger and target was measured by performing inclined test. Further, experimental result was successfully validated with finite element simulation performed on ANSYS software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the work basically deals with the modeling and analysis of the propeller blade of aircraft for its strength. A propeller blade is complex 3D model geometry. This requires high end modeling CAD software is used for generating the blade model in CATIA V5 R20. This paper consists of brief details about Fiber Reinforced Plastic materials and the advantages of using composite propeller over the conventional metallic propeller blade. This paper focus on the metal and composite strength analysis of the propeller blade carried out by using the finite element analysis. By using ANSYS software static, modal were carried out for isotropic material. In this work two different types of propeller i.e. Aluminum, Composite, were studied using FEA techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation as well as the antenna performance plays an important role in solving the communication blackout issue. Finite element analysis software package COMSOL multiphysics facilitates the simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagation in the presence of the non-uniform reentry plasma sheath. The 3D simulation model including the realistic antenna structure is established in this paper. The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves are analyzed by the observation of the field distributions. The antenna performance is analyzed and evaluated based on the simulation results, such as the S parameter and the Gain of the antenna. The relevant research in this paper can be the foundation to employ the COMSOL to study the interactions between the electromagnetic wave and the reentry plasma sheath. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]