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Super teak is a fast grown species of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f) derived from several clones. This has facilitated plantation rotations as short as 5 years. The main target of conventional plantation teak was initially for high value logs. Young teak wood from plantation forest usually has a small diameter. Moreover, the wood from very young stems is unsuitable for direct utilization, but advance wood processing technology can improve the wood properties of small diameter logs. This study aimed to assess the potential utilization of young super teak for high quality products namely furniture, flooring, and veneer, and assess the possibility of the use of manufacture waste for pulp paper and wood pellets as side products. The evaluation were carried out according to the National Indonesian Standard and other international standard requirements. 18 logs from wet (Bogor) and dry (Magetan) sites representing large, medium, and small diameter classes were collected. According to SNI 01-0608-1989 Timber for Furniture, 5-year-old super teak was suitable for furniture production. Furthermore, according to SNI 7732.1: 2011: Teak Veneer, the super teak was classified as Grade C because of the presence of sapwood, pinholes, tight and lose knots. According to Australian Timber Flooring Association, 5-year-old super teak was classifiesd as soft flooring group, the same group as mature teak & radiata pine. The young super teak was classified as Class Quality/Group II with very low active alkali consumption and low Kappa Number according to Indonesian wood fibre criteria for pulp and paper materials and Association of Pulp and Paper in Brazil. Finally, based on SNI 802: 2014 Wood Pellet, the super teak was recommended as by-products for utilising the wood waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation of fly ash and pulp paper composition at 110°C for 6 hours was carried out to discern the effect of fly ash and pulp paper addition in papercrete. sixth variations in paper pulp and fly ash composition were employed to perceive the characteristic that occurs in the sample. The papercrete material composition was weighed, mixed until it became homogeneous and then casted in a mold with a size of 18 x 5 x 2 cm3. Papercrete samples were allowed to stand within the mold at room temperature for 24 hours and released from the mold to stand again for the next 24 hours, after which it heated at 110°C for 6 hours. Characterization using XRF, SEM-EDX as well as Mechanical and physical tests carried out after the samples was cold. Papercrete with sample code K6 has the highest flexural strength and density value of 2.03 MPa and 2.4 gr/cm3 while papercrete with sample code K1 has the lowest flexural strength and porosity value of 0.4 MPa and 17.89%. Characterization shows that the chemical composition of the samples was dominated by the oxide compound CaO and SiO2 in papercrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the structure of silk fibers and ways of efficient use of fiber waste. Based on the analysis of the composition and structure of the fibers, it is possible to use them for paper production. The use of short staple fibers in the production of stock paper and the processes of preparing them for incorporation into paper pulp are widely covered. Information is provided on the technological process of cleaning fibers before adding them to paper pulp. The influence of the mass fraction of fibers in paper on its strength, breaking and tearing has been thoroughly analyzed and illustrated by means of graphs. For the production of high-quality paper, for example, valuable paper, for the preparation of paper used in printing, drawing, painting, etc. Fiber semi-finished products must be cut to the required length and separated into individual fibrils before crushing (grinding). The technology of preparation of natural silk waste as raw material for paper production is presented. In addition to silk fiber cotton fiber was also studied in the research work. Theoretically, the effect of fibers in tearing and breaking of paper is shown in the pictures. The use of fibers in the production of anti-counterfeiting paper and the process of adding them to the pulp are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to produce concrete using various percentages of hypo-sludge ash (HAS) in place of cement. The waste paper sludge ash is composed of magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. Therefore, it can be tested as an innovative cement replacement, providing a solution for traditional concrete. For this study, the various proportions of ash used are 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of cement. The mixed design carried out was as per the Indian standard code. The ingredients used for concrete making are cement, aggregates, hypo sludge ash (HSA), superplasticizer, and water. A test mix was carried out to check the behaviour of a concrete mix, and its physical and hardening properties were checked. Cube samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to check hardening properties. Experimental analysis shows that by replacing 5% cement with HSA, the strength results obtained are close to the reference concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five fuels were tested in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine to see how they affected soot particle distribution and the engine's controlled and unregulated emission characteristics (M15, M25, and M35). The findings demonstrated that regulated emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM) could be efficiently controlled to a very low level when mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) in diesel was utilized in conjunction with ideal engine working situations. Paper filters were employed to remove diesel dust. Entire particulate matter main particles were < 100 nm in width, with the average diameter for the biodiesel mixes falling among 20 and 26 nm. PM particles had uncontrolled emissions including Pb, Mn, and Ba, while M100 had 56.72% fewer xylene emissions, 22.49% fewer toluene emissions, and 19.45% fewer benzene emissions compared to M0. As a result, MOB is a wonderful option for reducing pollution from diesel engines and other sources, both in the form of controlled and unregulated emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neo vernacular is a modern architectural style inspired by traditional vernacular buildings. The concept of neo vernacular architecture is a continuance of the Klaten people's ancient identity as part of Javanese culture, particularly in Central Java. One technique to construct architectural works founded in the local culture is to look for values rooted in Javanese culture. This paper is the product of a final project whose goal is to develop a sustainable architectural identity in Klaten based on local wisdom, which will be applied to the "nadir" transit hotel. This transit hotel should be able to accomplish the goal and objective of a successful Klaten city with devoted, intelligent, autonomous, and cultural citizens. The location, 53 meters south of Klaten Station, is one type of development of supporting facilities for the commuter line scheme. This is one of the KAI activities at Klaten Station that attempts to make it easier for visitors to obtain long-term support. Folk architecture gives rise to vernacular architecture, which evolves from it. It arose from and was entrenched in the ethnic community's traditions, and skilled craftsmen built it with years of expertise. The gunungan and Klaten limasan house concept is an alternative that is integrated with contemporary design to create a transit hotel with a character that may reflect the city of Klaten's identity as an independent and cultured district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is about the characterization of pulp and paper from sago fiber waste. The process has several stages: preparing a solution, sago fiber analysis, pulping process, and printing process. The required solutions are NaOH solution (technical), 10% BaCl2 solution, 0.1 N HCl solution, 60% ethanol solution, phenolphthalein indicator solution, 1% starch indicator solution, sindur methyl indicator solution of NaOH titration, borax solution, Na₂S solution (technical), and THIO solution (1 N; 0.1 N). The pulping process is carried out by inserting sago fiber and solutions into a rotary digester machine for 4 hours (170oC). Then, it is removed after 24 hours and dried by a spinner machine. Characterizations on the sample include: chemical and physical properties, mechanical properties, and optical properties. The result shows that sago fiber waste can be used as raw material for paper. The value of grammage of 62 g/m2, thickness of 0.1294 mm, water absorption capacity of 627.27 g/m2, water content of 9.83%, ash content of 26.26%, pH of 7.9, tensile strength of 14.22 MD and 13.33 CD, brightness of 19.8%, and opacity 22.78. The pore diameter of the paper is 4.608 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper-making raw materials are a mixture of pure wood pulp and recycled pulp. Recycled pulp is obtained from used paper imported from abroad, in addition to the development of paperless culture also has an impact on the reduced availability of raw materials. Empty bunch fiber of palm oil is one of the natural materials that have the potential to be used as an alternative to a pulp for the manufacture of cardboard paper because it has a high holocellulose content. This study has successfully developed cardboard paper developed from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp with 6 variations of treatment, steam, no steam, NaOH 2.5%, NaOH 5% and mill duration (20 minutes and 30 minutes). The developed cardboard paper is then tested for its water absorbency. Water Absorbency value testing is done by the Cobb method (60). Based on the test results obtained the water absorption values is in the range of 500 - 600 g/m2. Cartons that received treatment, no steam, added NaOH 2.5%, and milled for 30 minutes, has the lowest water absorption value compared to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widely use of petroleum-derived mineral oils for the production of offset printing inks has resulted in several environmental impacts. The suitable approach to develop alternative resources is palm oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a substitute for petroleum-based solvent. This study aimed to investigate the surface properties of palm oil-based offset ink on gloss-coated paper surfaces in terms of printability. The "green" varnishes were prepared with palm oil FAME as solvent, rosin-modified phenolic resin, and different vegetable oils linseed oil (FAME-LO) and soybean oil (FAME-SO) have been used as drying oils. The FAME-based Cyan offset printing inks have been prepared their properties compared with standard conventional inks. Printing tests were carried out using the IGT-A2 printability tester. Contact angles of water, methanol, and hexane on the surface of printed ink were measured using Contact Angle Analyzer. The surface free energy (SFE) and its components were calculated using Girifalco-Good-Fowkes-Young, Owens-Wendt, and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good methods. The results showed that as the liquid contact angle increased, the surface energy decreased. The surface energy of FAME-SO ink printed samples 36.36 mJ/m2 was higher than the unprinted paper 35.84 mJ/m2. Since high surface energy will affect the bond strength of the ink to the substrate, this will be an advantage for multicolor prints requiring good ink adhesion, which will enlarge the acceptance of other colors to be printed on the previous color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about paper or journal review of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop in propane (R290) refrigeration system and summarized several researches that will useful in terms of HVAC-R equipment especially in heat exchanger i.e., evaporator design. Early researcher has been conducted research with respect to the channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio) as in Coleman (2000). Recent research of flow boiling with combined parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop shown that some parameters affected pressure drop inside unconventional channel (mini and microchannel) such as superficial vapor velocity, mass quality, mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature (and pressure), and Reynolds number where flow regime of the pressure drop are mostly annular flow, intermittent flow, slug and churn flow but less or few of them found a relation of channel dimension i.e. diameter and aspect ratio towards two-phase flow pressure drop (as in Coleman (2000)). It is recommended that for further study and research, study of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop must conduct in the unconventional channel such as minichannel or microchannel i.e., capillary tube and incorporate Reynolds number of the flow (both vapor and liquid), channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio), surface tension, and shear stress influence from two-phase flow fluid and then plot the data to the recent and or existed flow pattern map of any flow regimes especially to the refrigerants ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper Correlation is the study of creating an automated machine to assess the relationship between two or more papers. This study continues to develop in the natural language processing field. In this paper, we begin to enter into this study by conducting research to find the relationship between two citation sentences. The citation sentences contained in the paper can be used as a basis for assessing the relationship between two papers. In this research, the semantic similarity between citation sentences is included in.8 semantic classes. We use the Recurrent Neural Networks method and its variations and use SMOTE to deal with imbalanced data. The data representation that we use is word2vec to convert the sentence into a vector. We develop this research by adding data to see the algorithm's capabilities from previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to accommodate the country's growing population, the number of apartment complexes has increased dramatically. Most new apartment complexes include a variety of modern amenities such as a supermarket, a medical centre, EV charging stations, vending machines, and many more. To use these amenities, we normally need to have a credit or debit card, or even cash on hand. Also, there are numerous identity and government cards that a person must carry with them at all times. Keeping track of all these cards can prove to be quite tedious and time-consuming. Furthermore, the majority of these apartments feature the standard lock and key method of unlocking the doors of the residing occupants which adds to the load of carrying about house keys along with all of the other cards. Life would be so much easier if we could replace all of these numerous bank cards with just one. Using a single card to access all services, such as EV charging or purchasing items, and even as your home door key. With the tap and go feature, the user does not have to pay at the same time but can make a payment all at once when the statement arrives at the end of the month, saving both time and keeping track of all transactions with ease. Hence, we propose in this paper a smart card that uses RFID technology to access all of the many amenities in apartment complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a smart home control system, which includes lighting, microclimate and security subsystems, as well as control algorithms for various operating scenarios. The process of the system operation is described in detail, the visualization of the system is presented in the form of a 3d model. The article shows the practical significance of the system, describes its functionality. The work is of undoubted relevance, since the introduction of a house management system can improve conditions of life and achieve high energy efficiency rates. The article presents in detail each element of the control system, namely: a control device, a control object, a set of sensors. On the example of the lighting subsystem, the process of creating the entire automated control system is described. An algorithm for automatic lighting operation is obtained and described. To control the system, a human-machine interface was developed in the OpenHab program. A panel with indicators of the light sensor is presented, its functionality is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of Waste paper sludge (WPS) and cockle shell (CS) as an alternative composite absorbent has been investigated to obtain the optimum mixing ratio in removing two working parameters such as ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and COD. Both WPS and CS were mixed together in different ratio. The absorption batch study includes the preparation of 5g composite adsorbent, 200 mL of raw leachate sample at pH 8.64, with a shaking speed of 200 rpm for 300 minutes at room temperature. The result shows, the optimum ratio obtained for composite mixture absorbent is (1:7) and the concentration capacity achieved for the ratio was 502 mg/L and 540 mg/L for NH3-N and COD. The percentage optimum removal is 50.20% NH3-N and 81.25% COD respectively. The optimum pH and absorbent dosage expressed the result at pH 7 and 50 g with the percentage optimum removal value is 50.10% NH3-N and 88.89% COD; and 503 mg/L NH3-N and 320 mg/L COD; and 51.98% NH3-N and 89.51% COD; and 484 mg/L NH3-N and 302 mg/L COD, respectively during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw can be an alternative material for producing great pulp and paper also can be produced by several variations of the pulping process. This study was conducted to prepare and evaluate the hydrophobic rice straw pulp soda using atmospheric hot soda (AHSP) and soda (SP) pulping methods and modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment. The pulps were modified with water-soluble chitosan treatment at 1% and 2%. The screen pulp yield, kappa number, and delignification selectivity were analyzed to evaluate the properties of the pulp, while hydrophobicity properties were evaluated by its water absorption capacity and wettability. The FTIR was used to investigate the possibility of a new functional group formation after modification. The screen pulp yield of AHSP (29.22%) was relatively higher than SP (21.94%). However, SP pulp has a lower kappa number with higher delignification selectivity than AHSP pulp. After pulp modification, the hydrophobicity of the modified pulp increases in line with the increasing concentration of water-soluble chitosan. The AHSP pulp with a 2% water-chitosan treatment has the highest hydrophobicity indicated by the lowest water absorption capacity at 60 minutes i.e 41.99%. Therefore, based on hydrophobicity analysis, AHSP and SP modified with a 2% water-soluble chitosan treatment have better hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar code is a class of linear error-correcting codes that may demonstrably achieve the capacity of discrete memoryless channels. In the last decade, they have piqued the interest of industry and academia, such as the 5G (5th generation) wireless communication system standardization process. Although polar codes are proven to achieve the Shannon limit, their performance degrades at finite-code lengths, particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. So in a regime with finite _length, the performance of polar code may be improved by several techniques, such as Turbo Polar Codes (TPCs). Various Soft_in_Soft_out (SISO) decoder techniques, such as soft_cancellation (SCAN), belief_propagation (BP), and soft_successive_cancellation_list (SSCL) can be utilized in TPC. On the other hand, using a simple scaling factor scheme to minimize the overestimation of extrinsic information and its correlation with intrinsic information can further improve performance. Different termination techniques are proposed in the literature to reduce the required number of iterations, especially at high SNR. Error detection and correction systems are utilised to reduce energy consumption. This paper reviews some of the recent decoding techniques used in TPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species producing raw material for pulp and paper that can be grown in the high altitude lands are still limited. One of the potential species for this area is Eucalyptus urophylla. Tree breeding strategy by a progeny test is performed to increase its productivity. The initial selection is implemented at the nursery level by assess the variation of family (mother trees' progeny) (F1). The research aimed to determine the F1 variation by the growth performance of 6 months old F1 seedlings. Samples consisted of progeny from 27 family originated from provenances of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Indicators of growth performance and determination of rankings are assessed from the seedling's diameter, height, and robustness. The results showed that E. urophylla had high growth performance variation. Based on their growth performance, the best seedlings were from the family of A25, A27, A23, A19, A20 and A21. Genetic diversity among F1 categorized moderate, based on heritability of height (H2=0.37), diameter (H2=0.45) and robustness (H2=0.6). Coefficient of genetic variance (CGV) and coefficient of phenotypic variance (CPV) are more than 20%, and 27 mother trees are divided into 4 clusters. The existence of genetic diversity at the seedling level becomes the material for further testing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the issue of rising electricity demand in the building sector is one of the major challenges. Therefore, the Building Management System (BMS) inside the building. Since the PV, national grid, and diesel generators supplies building electrical power, so the Energy Management System (EMS) technologies are necessary to study the priority of PV to supply building power to save energy. This paper proposes a Smart Building Management System (SBMS) used with Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in addition lighting systems. HVAC is controlled with occupancy sensors, temperature control, and load control. Lighting systems are controlled through occupancy sensors and daylight sensors to make them operate to minimize electricity consumption. Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) control of the EMS in this work, SBMS and EMS are created and simulated using two case studies to supply public buildings. The first situation is SBMS without EMS and the second situation is SBMS with EMS. Finally, the results showed the impact of SBMS on the reduction of energy consumption for HVAC systems and lighting (20% on summer day and 11% on winter day), as the energy consumption was reduced for both HVAC and lighting by about (54% on a summer day and 44% on a winter day) because we added the scenario of case two to the one scenario case in a public building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of multimedia made Technology for digital Video Watermarking is becoming widely recognized as a crucial tool for copyright enforcement, thus it identifies the video content and discourages unauthorized users from accessing or using it. New watermarking algorithm is presented in this paper the digital video based on landmarks of faces, landmark of a face is localized of certain characteristic points on the face, which made these marks an optimal host. Embedding the secret message in video frames will be used the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique which slightly changes in the video. confidentiality is improved by encrypting the watermark before embedding it in the video frames with the SALSA20 Stream, which increases the watermark's security and power, The results of the experiments show that the suggested algorithm achieves significant imperceptibility and excellent resistance to different attacks. Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) is higher and of higher quality in the attached video. According to experimental findings, the suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks. Four statistical measures are used to evaluate the proposed algorithm, they are: Uses Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Normalized Cross-Correlation (NCC), and the results are satisfied. The suggested algorithm achieves great resilience to several forms of attacks, also an acceptable level of transparency is obtained present in the embedded version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the manufacture of nylon-dithizon membranes for the early detection of lead heavy metal using the vacuum impregnation method. The purpose of this study was to determine the manufacture of nylon dithizon membranes and test strips as dithizonate complexes as an early detection of lead heavy metal. Making nylon-dithizon membrane by dissolving 50 mg of dithizon with 100 mL of chloroform and the addition of 50 mg of SrCl2 then stirred using a magnetic stirrer at 100 rpm as the working solution. After that, the solution was impregnated into a 0.20 m nylon membrane using a Buchner vacuum, after which it was carried out for 12 hours in a fume hood. The dithizon strip test was carried out using the colorimetric method, namely observing color changes that occur with the naked eye (qualitative test) with variations in concentration and pH. In this study, the optimum pH in the formation of the dithizone-Pb complex was obtained, namely pH 8 with a dark orange color. The minimum concentration on the indicator strip made was 0.05 with a visible color of faded orange, while the time reached for complex formation at a concentration value of 0.05 ppm was 520 seconds (Faded Orange). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous human activities and a rapidly growing world population are increasing the demand for freshwater. Fresh water production relies heavily on the use of conventional fuels and is associated with environmental pollution, leading to the need to look for other alternatives such as clean energy (solar energy). There are many villages and rural areas in the world without access to clean water. Many desalination systems have been developed to address this shortcoming. This study describes strategies for increasing clean water solar energy productivity that are currently in commercial and experimental development stages. Solar stills are the most prudent method for delivering new water since they just sudden spike in demand for the energy of the sun, which is promptly accessible in nature. The focus is on technologies that can be used independently, especially those that can be integrated into solar thermal systems. The results show that the solar thermal distillation yield is inversely proportional to the basin water depth and is directly related to the wind speed in the absorbing region, the temperature of the glass covers and the incident solar radiation. Add to the technology used inside and outside the system to improve productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a crucial technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize their energy conversion efficiency. This paper briefly reviews various MPPT techniques and algorithms utilized in solar-powered systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each strategy are explored, and a brief comparison table is offered to make it easier to choose the best MPPT approach for a given application. The paper also discusses the importance of MPPT research in harvesting pure energy from renewable energy sources. The paper also highlights the power output issues faced by solar-powered systems, especially in partial shading conditions, which reduce the power output of the systems. Nonetheless, the maximum power point (MPP) is the only power point needed to obtain maximum PV power. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into MPPT techniques and algorithms, their strengths, and limitations, and their suitability for different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast concrete is one of Industrialized Building System (IBS) types that is mainly used in Malaysia. Even though precast shows promising performance in ongoing project but in building maintenance, precast shows otherwise. This is due to the usage of the conventional method (paper-based report/unsystematic data of maintenance which is Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) and by integrating it with BIM technology will help in enhance maintenance. BIM shows its benefits through maintenance by showing its coordination in design and three-dimensional visualization. This paper help into identifying the requirement of integrating CMMS and BIM technology in precast building maintenance. An interview was conducted to gain the objective of the study. Results showed that there are two requirements to support CMMS and BIM integration in maintenance management which is a complete and organize data and a compilation of a standard requirement that stated by the department (e.g., Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, Syarikat Air Selangor and JKR). This resulted in the creation of a crucial aspect of the maintenance management system that uses emerging technology to aid engineers at precast building in improving their present maintenance management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formal education in Brunei Darussalam has evolved from pre-and post-colonial times. Recent reforms in education occurred when the country launched the National Education System for the 21st Century (SPN21) in 2009. The SPN21 transformed educational delivery, especially in the nature, structure, curriculum, and assessment, while improving quality, access, and educational inclusion. It focused on training students to become lifelong learners with the skills and competencies needed for the 21st Century societal community, job market and progressive contributors to the country's vision success. Given that a solid basic education is a foundation and a necessary condition for further education, this paper highlights how basic education in Brunei Darussalam has evolved. It describes the nature, curriculum, structure, and assessment approaches and provides information on the key challenges hindering effective educational delivery at the basic level. In sum, this paper highlights the need to strengthen the development of academic literacy skills, consistent monitoring, effective leadership development programmes, access, inclusion, and equity in the provision of basic education in Brunei Darussalam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial intention, as the preliminary idea of pursuing new ventures. Entrepreneurship is an important component to enhance the country's economic growth and sustainability as well as to meet the challenges of globalisation, such as increasing the unemployment rate among students. The objectives of this paper are to determine the relationship between personality, government support and entrepreneurship education with entrepreneurial intention among business students from selected public university in Malaysia and to measure the predictor of entrepreneurial intention. This study is quantitative in the form and questionnaires distributed to collect information from respondents based on the size of 100 samples and use convenience sampling method. The data obtained through questionnaires is analyzed and evaluated by correlation and regression testing. The results showed that all moderate linkages with entrepreneurial intentions. Government support also show the the most impact on the entrepreneurial intention. This paper provides a comprehensive framework that contributes to conceptualization and assists the Government and academic in enhancing skills and courses to increase the desire of business students to become future successful entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a year and a half, educators and students have been navigating the stormy seas of remote teaching-learning. After months of the coronavirus epidemic and countless research on its impacts on university teaching and learning, the repercussions of this unparalleled state of affairs are only partially known. This paper adds to the current research on how university teachers have dealt with it in an effort to understand the impacts on teaching the course of "design studio" that has never been taught online before. However, many are returning to in-person classes or planning to use a blended teaching approach. As a result, the second purpose of this study is to learn more about how teachers plan to teach in the future, which is an innovative topic that has piqued our attention. Six professors agreed to let us observe their design studio classes for the total period of 8 months spread over three semesters from 2020 and 2021. The majority of students had favorable experiences with online teaching and examinations, and most would welcome this format in the future, according to an analysis of these programs. The same cannot be said for teachers, who see this method of instruction as time-consuming and demanding. Simultaneously, this paper aims to highlight the advantages of remote teaching-learning models in teaching design studios, suiting students' educational needs, and aiding in their professional growth as architects. The research stems from the hypothesis that the pandemic will have a long-term impact on lesson planning, and opens a fresh discussion about multi-mode educational implications that learners, teachers, and other education actors should consider in the next phase of post-COVID-19 era before deciding on going back to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic classroom teaching-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological strain was found to have a substantial positive correlation with productivity loss, indicating that increased psychological strain might result in increased productivity loss. Additionally, employees' mental health issues lead to lower productivity. Thus, there is an obvious need to manage psychological strain to alleviate the cost of individual and organizational productivity loss. The goal of this review paper is to examine the link between psychological stress and productivity loss, as well as to identify the multifaceted elements that contribute to psychological stress. According to the findings of this study, psychological strains consist of multiple aspects. This shows that the definition of psychological strain could be expanded to encompass a variety of aspects that best explain the consequences of workplace stressors. The multiple study sites, the variability of occupations, and the predictive variables that influence most dimensions of psychological strain are all probable reasons. This paper advances human resource management research by providing reviews on a multidimensional measure of psychological strain that might be used as a focus for future research. In conclusion, to reduce individual and organizational losses, it is necessary to tackle the underlying causes of stress that result in psychological strain at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 10 people died every day trying the treacherous boat journey across the Mediterranean, with Syrians accounting for 34% of all arrivals between January and June 2015. Despite this, European leaders kept meeting for months to negotiate the parameters for accepting "immigrants" vs. "refugees." over and over. However, Turkey was taking action by hosting millions of Syrian migrants since 2011; all the while, Hungary, an EU member, was building a fence around the country's borders to prevent any refugees infiltration. As Amnesty International notes, Turkey is currently hosting 3.6 million refugees from Syria, which is more than any other country worldwide. This paper sheds the light on what possible lessons can Europe learn from Turkey's approach to Syrian refugees. By handling an important influx of Syrians, Turkey offered further historical lessons on how to handle "refugee emergencies" that could help inform contemporary policy responses globally. Turkey's meritorious efforts in welcoming the Syrian refugees will be the focus of this paper: How has Turkey been integrating refugees into the workforce? Has Turkey benefited from the refugees, especially the high-skilled and business oriented ones? The necessity of increasing the EU shared responsibility. This paper is based on information gathered by Amnesty International during research in Turkey in 2014 (June-October), and semi-structured interviews conducted with Syrians living in Turkey in March 2016 (from a previous research) and two additional interviews with Syrians who moved from Turkey to Canada in November 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promotional activities are among the most significant aspects in ensuring continual visits and engagements from visitors to heritage sites and institutions, including museums. An ineffective marketing technique will make it challenging to attract visitors and communities. This leads to the decrease number of visitors, undermining the fundamental mission of museums as an informal educational establishment for the public. However, few studies have been done on a promotional strategy for museum management in Malaysia. This paper seeks to bridge the gap by exploring the current museum's marketing technique, using the Kelantan State Museum as a case study. It aims to look further into the museum's promotional strategy, the involvement of responsible bodies, and the challenges in promoting the museum, specifically during the covid-19 pandemic. The research employed a qualitative design with purposeful approaches and snowballing techniques by interviewing the personnel at the Kelantan State Museum. The collected data were then analysed by applying Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis methodology. The results identified three main themes: marketing strategies and activities, collaboration between stakeholders and challenges going forward. The overarching findings highlighted major stakeholders and their degree of participation in museum promotion. This paper also discussed the challenges posed by the museum management in promoting their establishment to the public. This include issues such as visitor expectations, funding cuts and digital adaptation; and the cessation of many museum hubs for physical visitations due to the Covid-19, leading to new rules being presented to adapt to the recent changes in ensuring visitors' safety. It is believed that the new norm has impacted the museum management's efforts to promote their institution, necessitating the development of new strategies to increase public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the country is not only focusing on the role of government alone. The private sector and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) also play important role in ensuring that the public will get the benefits of sustainable development. The NGOs play a major role at grassroot level since they are close to community for implementing the programmes that will benefit to the community as a whole. They do have expertise and skills to deliver the services to the communities. Understanding the important role of the NGOS, this paper will explore their roles and contributions towards the community development in Malaysia. The research focused on members of NGO in Malaysia. The questions asked about their roles and contributions towards communities. The descriptive analysis will be discussed throughout the paper. This paper also will highlight the future relationship that should be focused by the NGOs and other stakeholders like government and corporate organisations towards creating sustainable development for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2021 or COVID-19 has affected almost all individuals around the globe. Consequently, Malaysia is one of the nations that has been facing tremendous changes in various sectors due to COVID-19. As the number of positive cases is on the rise, the Malaysian government has executed its National COVID-19 Immunization Program to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and the severity of disease in case a vaccinated person is infected. However, there are also individuals who have contributed to vaccine refusal due to many factors including misinformation about vaccines, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge, and awareness. Therefore, this paper presents a combination of instructional design and cognitive load theory named CoLoMo model, to increase the awareness of COVID-19 among parents. The CoLoMo model is a theory for mobile application development involving three elements in mobile instruction design which include platform, design, accessibility, and design page. These elements have been chosen prior to the target users which are parents or adults. The three cognitive load theory types in this model are intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The combination of the mobile interaction design and cognitive load theory types will affect the user's cognitive performance which are concentration, learning capabilities and attributes. This paper also discusses the previous research on the implementation of cognitive load theory through mobile applications. Several strategies that emphasize different relevant cognitive processes which are useful to consider when developing mobile applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the most widely used filler material in paper, paint, food packaging, ceramic, cosmetic, medicine, and other industries. In the present paper, synthetic calcium carbonate has been produced from waste, which is carbide lime from the acetylene gas industry which uses limestone in its production. SCC was synthesized using an advanced method called ionic sucrose solution from carbide lime. There are two variable ionic solutions which the one going through with a natural filter and retardant agent, and the other one without them to keep as a reference. The morphology shows the reference SCC that has no filter, and no additional agent was slightly coarse compared with SCC that produced by natural filter and retardant agent. Also, there was a spot on the reference SCC that has more agglomerated particles, which was attributed to the intergrowth of SCC during its formation. The XRD analysis showed that the synthesized SCC samples were pure with all peaks matching standard peak ICDD No. 00-005-0586 (synthetic calcite CaCO3.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Portland cement as a cementitious binder has been used widely in the construction industry. However, the application of geopolymer has equal popularity nowadays, especially for concrete repair works and rehabilitation. Research and development of high-performance geopolymer binders or known as alkali-activated materials is increasing worldwide. There are various precursors that have been investigated to optimize the performance of the geopolymer binders such as kaolin, slag, and many others. The application of fly ash is popularly being tested and proved to be the most efficient precursor owing to its excellent properties and performance. The performance of this precursor is being reviewed and presented in this paper and the high calcium fly ash is notably the most suitable precursor for fast setting and high early strength geopolymer. This paper presents an overview of fly ash, in terms of its properties, reaction, and mechanism. Several significant properties affecting the performances of fly ash-based geopolymer were discussed. It is being highlighted in this paper that fly ash has various microstructures which produced different geopolymerization reaction mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many higher education institutions (HEIs) to implement online learning. Various courses including entrepreneurship were conducted by using online methods, such as synchronous and asynchronous. However, the achievement of course outcomes through these two methods has yet to be examined. As such, this paper presented the level of entrepreneurial intention exhibited by university students after they have completed an entrepreneurship course through online learning method. It further compared the entrepreneurial intention level between students who attended the course through synchronous and asynchronous online learning modes. The data were collected through questionnaire survey method, in which only quantitative data pertaining to students' background and entrepreneurial intention were gathered. A total of 315 students were randomly selected from a population of full-time students who have completed an entrepreneurship course in a local university. They were required to respond to an online self-administered questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained prior to the process of data collection and responses were treated anonymously. As for data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Specifically, mean and standard deviation were used to determine the level of entrepreneurial intention. Internal consistency was used to confirm the reliability of data. While independent sample t-test was carried out to compare the entrepreneurial intention level between students from synchronous and asynchronous learning modes. The data demonstrated that differences were found in entrepreneurial intention between the two groups of students. Therefore, it could be concluded that synchronous and asynchronous modes yielded different level of entrepreneurial intention among students. This paper provided new insight on online learning for entrepreneurship course, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic period in which most courses were conducted online. It was also useful for HEIs to assess the effectiveness of online learning in delivering entrepreneurship course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of recycled concrete aggregate has positive environmental and economic contributions to the sustainability of the materials. However, when recycled aggregate (RA) is used instead of natural aggregate, the mechanical and structural performance of concrete are negatively influenced. Therefore, the development of practical techniques that reduce these negative influences are very important. Due to the confinement effect, the mechanical behaviors of the RA can be improved by encasing it in a circular steel tube. This paper describes a series of comparison tests on steel tubular columns of circular sections filled with normal self-compacting concrete and recycled aggregate self-compacting concrete. Ten specimens consist of 5 recycled aggregate concrete filled double skin steel tubular (RACFDST) columns and 5 normal concrete filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns divided into three groups according to the type of load were tested under (axial, uniaxial, and biaxial) compression loads. Loading eccentricity and full replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate were the main parameters in this study. Overall, the failure mode, ultimate capacities, and general deformational behavior have been presented in this paper. The results clearly showed that the failure mode of the RACFDST columns is generally similar to their normal CFDST counterparts with a slight reduction in ultimate bearing capacity. Specimens under axial compression were subjected to local buckling failure, while the global buckling failure was the mode of all eccentrically loaded columns. As expected, due to the confinement effect of the steel tubes, the strength of the sandwich concrete was enhanced, and all tested columns exhibited ductile failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many industries have experienced the benefits of applying lean and agile or leagile (combining both lean and agile manufacturing systems), which can help organizations achieve their strategic goals, such as competitiveness, productivity, profitability, high customer service levels, and survival, by improving overall performance. Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have received much attention in the operations management literature, and they need to be widely implemented in manufacturing systems. In contrast, despite several papers reporting research on leagile manufacturing systems, implementation of leagile manufacturing systems in practice has been slow. A summary of the literature review for some case studies from 2013 to 2022 was used in this paper to define the current manufacturer's product quality goals through various case studies implemented in multiple manufacturing systems. According to the findings, the majority of researchers are interested in implementing lean and agile manufacturing in flow (mass) systems (34.9 %), batch systems (30.5 %), and job shop and continuous production systems (17.3 %) attained a lower level of research interest and implemented based on these studies. Furthermore, the findings of the study revealed that all of the enterprises studied had implemented the most common and widely used leagile tools (i.e., JIT, TQM, 5S, Kanban, TPM, VSM, Kaizen, Poka Yoka, RP, 5S, SMED, modern manufacturing techniques, robotics and automation, administration policy, experience and skills of employees, GT, innovation and R&D, organizational culture, management leadership, simulation, and collaboration). However, not all businesses had used the leagile tools, the degree of implementation varied for each. Results show that JIT (69.5%), TQM (60.8%), TPM (39.1%), and collaboration (34.7%) are the tools used to implement leagile manufacturing the most. Kanban and Kaizen are achieving the exact percentages of (26.08%), 5S and VSM are achieving the same percentage of (21.7%), RP (13.04%), and Poka Yoka is achieving the lowest percentage (8.6%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present this paper is to study and establish some new common and coupled coincidence fixed point results for commuting mappings with prosperity of mixed풢 – monoton in the setting of partially ordered complete 풟* – metric sps. In our paper we extend and generalize several results for a pair of commutative mappings in the literature. Furthermore, suitable examples that support our main results have been introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher efficiency of freight transportation can be achieved through the use of a hopper-type container. This paper presents the results of determining the dynamic loading for a container placed on a flat car during shunting impact. It was found that the maximum accelerations to a container in the longitudinal direction were 36.7 m/s2 (3.7g). The value of acceleration obtained was included in the strength calculation for the container. The maximum equivalent stresses of a container were concentrated in the areas where the bottom side rail interacted with the fittings; they were 315.1 MPa, thus they did not exceed the allowable values. The paper presents the results of the strength calculation for a container in the process of stacking. The maximum equivalent stresses in this scheme of loading were 245.3 MPa, which is lower than the allowable values. The authors suggest a lift-off roof on the container for transportation of freight requiring weather protection. The results of the strength calculation for the roof under the longitudinal loads demonstrated that the maximum equivalent stresses in it were 50.2 MPa, which is considerably lower than the allowable values. The research will be valuable for those who develop advanced container structures with better operational efficiency intended for container transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at an improvement in the frame of a passenger car for its higher efficiency. A special feature of this improvement is the closed configuration of the center sill that can be formed with sheets. The mass of the center sill can be minimized through its optimization with linear programming. The results of the calculation demonstrated that the mass of the frame in terms of the solutions proposed was 1.7% lower than that of the standard structure. The paper presents the results of the strength calculation of the frame of a passenger car at main loading modes. It was established that the strength of the frame at the schemes of loading studied was ensured. The motion of the improved frame of a car was estimated with the vertical accelerations on the frame. The motion was estimated as excellent. The research also included the modal analysis of the frame of a passenger car. The research can be used by those who are involved in the design of the bearing structure of a passenger car with better technical and operational characteristics that can increase the operational efficiency of passenger cars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, videotelephony has become a popular communication method. Some communication, like business meetings, school classroom activities, market transactions, etc, should be replaced with online ways because of the social distancing policy. But not all people can easily use the online meeting platform. Some still struggle with bandwidth consumption of online meeting (video conference) activities. They need more low bandwidth consumption in doing video conferences because high bandwidth consumption means high costs. This paper discusses lowering video conferences based on turning on or off cameras. Because of this case, some platforms create their video conference applications. One of the popular video conference applications is Zoom Meeting. The data used in this paper are collected by using 30 computers in a laboratory. Firstly, the total time every user turns on his camera and his bandwidth consumption is investigated, every computer is set to turn on its camera for 1, 2, 3..., 30 minutes. The result shows there is no relation between them. Secondly, the number of people who turn on their cameras and the bandwidth consumption of every user is collected. All computer cameras are turned on in the first observation, and then a computer turns off its camera every three minutes. The result shows a relation with decreasing trend between both variables, but there is heteroscedasticity between them. The data is reduced until only fifteen computers turn on its camera until one computer. The result is a strong connection between both variables. It is caused by the gallery view method is using in the observation. Lastly, we recommended only speaker view in doing Zoom Meetings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]