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Chiral inorganic nanomaterials hold significant promise for various applications, including enantioselective catalysis, polarization-controlling optical devices, metamaterials, and enantioselective molecular sensors. In our previous work, we presented a method for synthesizing chiral Au 432 helicoid III (Au helicoids) from peptides and amino acids, where helical gaps are intricately arranged with 432 symmetry within single cubic nanoparticles. In this study, we have achieved the fabrication of chiral silica molds through Au etching subsequent to the silica coating of Au helicoids. We demonstrate that these molds serve as geometrically confined reactors capable of producing chiral Ag, Pd, and Pt 432 helicoid III (Ag, Pd, and Pt helicoids). The morphology of the synthesized Ag, Pd, and Pt helicoids closely resembles that of the Au helicoids, exhibiting a superior g-factor compared to other reported chiral structures of each material. Notably, the Ag and Pd helicoids are found to be single-crystalline, with high-index planes exposed within the gaps. We believe that this silica mold-based approach can be generalized to synthesize chiral nanomaterials of various metal and even oxide materials.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can have many adverse effects on people’s health, including cognitive decline and high blood pressure. Typical surgical treatment methods include the commonly performed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and the highly successful maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). These surgical methods are more effective than non-surgical methods because they widen the airway where a collapse has occurred through direct treatment. However, few studies has shown that moving the upper and lower jaws in a specific manner is the most efficient way to treat OSA during an MMA surgery. In this study, the airway of an OSA patient was reproduced digitally, and computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed on various models with changed airway shapes, including the original model based on an actual CT image and three resizing models of the retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) regions of the airway. Consequently, it was possible to provide more quantitative predicted flow data, which could be helpful in performing sophisticated OSA surgery. Among the four airway models of the OSA patient, a reduction in the epiglottis regional pressure difference of up to 40.2% was evident in the model with an expanded RG region, and a reduction in the wall shear stress of up to 25.8% was confirmed. The proposed process could be an important aid for surgeons in determining the optimal surgical method suitable for an individual patient’s uniquely-shaped airway.

This study investigates and compares the whirl flutter characteristics of two different hub models, gimballed and hingeless hubs, for the tiltrotor aircraft in cruise flight. This study uses the rotorcraft comprehensive analysis code, CAMRAD II, to model the proprotor, semi-span wing, and pylon, and to investigate the whirl flutter instability. The two analytical tiltrotor models are based on two proprotors developed by the U.S. Army/NASA, and KARI. The proprotor frequency characteristics depend on the hub type and have influence on the wing-rotor interaction to cause whirl flutter. In addition, it is shown that the rotor regressive lag mode frequency is an important system design parameter for a hingeless tiltrotor, whereas the rotor regressive gimbal mode is important for a gimballed tiltrotor.

Recently, there has been a global societal focus on the management of air pollution. Measurements of air pollution are conducted using various methods depending on the pollutants, including ultraviolet (UV) absorption methods for ozone (O3) and fluorescence methods for sulfur dioxide (SO2). However, the conventional silicon-based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor image sensor (Si-CIS) is not suitable for UV measurements due to the low quantum efficiency (QE) of silicon for UV light. Consequently, different types of detection sensors are used for different air pollutants, leading to limitations in measurement locations and resulting in errors depending on the installation position. To address these limitations, we propose a quantum dot complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor image sensor (QD-CIS) capable of imaging UV light using the energy-down-shift (EDS) mechanism of quantum dots (QDs). The synthesized QDs absorb light at UV wavelengths, convert it into visible blue light through EDS, and emit luminescence. The converted intensity allows the detection of UV intensity by the CIS. Through the designed QD-CIS and UV LED illumination, we measured the sensitivity to changes in the concentrations of the representative air pollutants NO2and SO2. The results showed a sensitivity increase of 6.83 times for NO2and 21.39 times for SO2compared to conventional CIS. This suggests the potential of UV imaging to overcome these limitations using existing CIS components.

Abstract: Drought and aphids are the key abiotic and biotic stresses on potato, respectively. Understanding the adaptability of aphid populations on potato cultivars that exhibit contrasting drought-tolerance (hereafter as different potato cultivars) under drought conditions is key for developing effective aphid management strategies in the context of climate change. We assessed the adaptability of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on various potato cultivars under drought conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that drought reduced M. persicae adaptability in the three cultivars: Qingshu 9 (drought-tolerant), Longshu 3 (moderately drought-tolerant), and Atlantic (drought-susceptible). This was demonstrated by the longer developmental duration and total pre-reproductive period, lower adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity, shorter reproduction days, as well as the lower net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and population size under drought conditions. Under drought conditions, M. persicae pre-adult survival rate, proportion of female adults (Nf /N), and R 0 suffered a greater reduction on Qingshu 9. Population projection showed a 100-fold reduction of aphid population size on Qingshu 9 after 90 days. The findings suggest that drought increased the resistance of the drought-tolerant cultivar to the aphid. Based on the present findings, drought-tolerant cultivars are encouraged to plant in arid lands under drought conditions to increase potato resistance to aphids while maintaining their growth under drought conditions.

In this study, we propose a ferroelectric FET (FeFET) structure termed dual ferroelectric recessed channel FeFET (DF-RFeFET), employing metal–ferroelectric (FE)–metal–FE–metal–SiO2interlayer (IL)–silicon (MFMFMIS) structures. The DF-RFeFET is aimed at enhancing the memory window (MW) for high-performance memory applications. TCAD simulations with calibrated FE parameters and device models reveal that the DF-RFeFET can achieve a larger MW thanks to the enhanced geometric advantage to offer a strong and localized electric field at the inner ferroelectrics near the gate metal’s corner. Moreover, design guidelines for the DF-RFeFET are suggested, including adjusting the inner and outer ferroelectric layers' thickness ratio and the recessed channel depth. The effects of introducing a relatively low-koxide intermediate layer between dual ferroelectric layers and high-k gate stacks of IL on the MW have also been investigated. Through structural optimization, the DF-RFeFET demonstrated a record MW value of 5.5 V among the previously reported Si FeFETs.

The current quality assurance (QA) processes are conducted on an hourly, daily, and monthly basis, and these labor-intensive activities increase the demand for predictive models. The purpose of this study is to design a predictive structure for QA. We utilized the nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network to predict the time series. To evaluate the capability of the predictive model, this study involved comparing the actual QA values to the values predicted by the NAR model for the sampled daily output. In predicting the daily output, our study determined that the optimal configuration for the NAR model included 1 input, 1 hidden layer with 20 neurons, and 1 output layer with a single output neuron. Considering the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as the evaluation criterion, the NAR model is 1.385. This indicates that the NAR model has clinical utility as a prediction model. The NAR model predicted within ± 0.2% compared to the actual output. Therefore, this study recommends the implementation of a predictive structural model as the next step in enhancing the QA system.

The article explores the rise of Korean fashion, highlighting how established brands and emerging designers utilize innovative methods to gain international recognition. Topics discussed include the impact of social media on fashion brands like KIMHĒKIM, the evolution of Korean fashion from the 1990s to today, and the shift from traditional promotion to digital marketing strategies.

This study aimed to measure masticatory performance (MP) using β-carotene gummy jelly to investigate its relationship with skeletal properties in decompensated patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion. The study included 78 patients (38 men and 40 women) diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion without temporomandibular joint disorder and periodontal disease. MP was measured using a new masticatory measuring device and β-carotene in the gummy jelly. Lateral and posteroanterior cephalograms were obtained, and skeletal properties (Me deviation, ANB, SNB, APDI, Wits, ODI, facial axis, body length, ramus length, SN-GoGn, anterior facial height, posterior facial height, saddle angle, articular angle, and gonial angle) were evaluated. MP differences according to age and sex and the effect of skeletal properties on MP were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The MP of all patients was 3690.55±1428.77 mm², MP of the male group was 4043.05±1498.09 mm², and MP of the female group was 3355.68±1272.19 mm². Among the items investigated, the variable that affected MP was posterior facial height. Posterior facial height showed a positive correlation (P=0.022). There was no significant difference between MP and other skeletal properties (P>0.05). The severity of the hypodivergency in skeletal class III could affect MP. The relationship between facial asymmetry or skeletal relation and MP could not be explained in this study.

Manipulating the spontaneous emission rate of fluorophores is vital in creating bright incoherent illumination for optical sensing and imaging, as well as fast single-photon sources for quantum technology applications. This can be done via increasing the Purcell effect by using non-monolithic optical nanocavities; however, achieving the desired performance is challenging due to difficulties in fabrication, precise positioning, and frequency tuning of cavity-emitter coupling. Here, we demonstrate a simple approach to achieve a wavelength-dependent photoluminescence (PL) lifetime modification using monolithic organic molecular aggregates films. These single monolithic organic films are designed to have a Lorentzian dispersion, including epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and epsilon-near-pole (ENP) spectral regions with increased and decreased photonic density of states, respectively. This dispersion leads to enhanced and depressed PL decay rates at different wavelengths. Both time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements are implemented to verify the validity of this approach. This approach offers a promising way to design dual-functional optical sources for a variety of applications, including bioimaging, sensing, data communications, and quantum photonics applications.

Solution-processed organic photosynaptic transistors (S-OPTs), inspired by the way biological nervous systems process visual information, offer several advantages such as large bandwidth, low latency, low energy consumption, tunable optoelectronic properties via molecular design, and applicability for simple and low-cost solution process at low temperatures. However, S-OPTs suffer high leakage current with undesirable current pathways, which is unavoidably a result of film formation over the entire substrate during solution processes. Herein, we propose a strategy of improving the photosensitivity of S-OPTs by patterning the organic semiconductor (OSC) film for application in smart and accurate optoelectronic systems. The OSC film of the device is simply patterned through selective evaporation contact printing. The OSC patterns with micrometer scale effectively contribute to reduction in the undesirable current paths and the resultant leakage current. Compared with conventional devices with nonpatterned OSC, our patterned S-OPT exhibits highly improved photosensitivity. Furthermore, our device demonstrates various types of synaptic characteristics, ranging from short- to long-term plasticity. By reducing the off-current level of the OSTs, hardware neural networks built using our patterned cells can successfully achieve recognition accuracy exceeding 90% for recognition of handwritten numerical images, which is comparable to those of ideal software systems. Thus, we believe that this study will introduce new avenues for fabrication of high-photoresponse S-OPTs and their utilization as essential building blocks for construction of neuromorphic systems.

SnSe2layered alloys can be considered promising thermoelectric materials with enhancement in their electrical transport properties. Several studies have shown that electron doping via anion doping could effectively enhance the thermoelectric properties of SnSe2polycrystalline alloys. In this study, the influence of Bi doping, which is cation doping, on the electric and thermoelectric transport properties of SnSe2polycrystalline alloys was investigated systematically by synthesizing a series of Sn1−xBixSe2(x= 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) compositions. It was shown that Bi ion in SnSe2exhibited an oxidation state of + 3 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Bi behaved as an acceptor in the Sn4+site of SnSe2, thereby greatly decreasing the electron concentration of SnSe2from 2.2 × 1019to 2.3 × 1015cm−3at x= 0.02. Therefore, a significant decrease in electrical conductivity was observed, and the Seebeck coefficient was also decreased owing to the severe decrease in the density of state effective mass, resulting in severe power factor decrease by the Bi doping. Total and lattice thermal conductivity did not show decrease with the Bi doping. Consequently, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit zTfor the doped samples decreased to ~ 0.01 from 0.10 for pristine SnSe2. Additionally, analysis of the thermoelectric performance was performed based on single parabolic band model, suggesting that increasing carrier concentration to ~ 1020cm−3could maximize the zTvalue of SnSe2.

The purpose of this study is to design a predictive model for a daily quality assurance (QA) system that remains unaffected by specific patterns in correlated time series data. All data were sampled from the measured output factor at specific times over a 5-year period during the daily QA process for a 6 MV photon beam of the Varian linear accelerator (LINAC) system. Before constructing predictive structures, an autocorrelation function (ACF) analysis was conducted to verify the correlation of the given time series data. This study determined the optimal configuration for the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) neural network models for prediction. Additionally, it utilized correlated time series data to evaluate its impact on the predictive capability. We then compared the actual QA values to those predicted by the selected ARIMA and NAR models for the sampled daily output. Our findings suggest that while the ARIMA model offers a quick and relatively easy approach without requiring complex computational methods, the NAR model outperforms ARIMA, especially in the context of correlated time series data, demonstrating its real clinical utility as a prediction model. This result reveals that correlations are frequently observed in daily QA data. We concluded that these correlations can substantially influence the accuracy of machine behavior predicted based on historical observations. Consequently, analyzing specific patterns and correlated data is imperative for designing predictive structures.

In this paper, we present a statistical beamforming algorithm as a pre-processing step for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR). By modeling the target speech as a non-stationary Laplacian distribution, a mask-based statistical beamforming algorithm is proposed to exploit both its output and masked input variance for robust estimation of the beamformer. In addition, we also present a method for steering vector estimation (SVE) based on a noise power ratio obtained from the target and noise outputs in independent component analysis (ICA). To update the beamformer in the same ICA framework, we derive ICA with distortionless and null constraints on target speech, which yields beamformed speech at the target output and noises at the other outputs, respectively. The demixing weights for the target output result in a statistical beamformer with the weighted spatial covariance matrix (wSCM) using a weighting function characterized by a source model. To enhance the SVE, the strict null constraints imposed by the Lagrange multiplier methods are relaxed by generalized penalties with weight parameters, while the strict distortionless constraints are maintained. Furthermore, we derive an online algorithm based on an optimization technique of recursive least squares (RLS) for practical applications. Experimental results on various environments using CHiME-4 and LibriCSS datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented algorithm compared to conventional beamforming and blind source extraction (BSE) based on ICA on both batch and online processing.

This study investigates the performance of tiltrotors in helicopter and airplane modes, hub vibration, blade and pitch-link loads, and whirl flutter stability using various swept-tip configurations, including different magnitudes of the sweepback angle (Λ) and different radial locations (rs) where the sweepback angle starts for tiltrotors. The aeromechanics modeling and analyses of the tiltrotors are performed using CAMRAD II, a rotorcraft comprehensive analysis code. TRAM, a 25% scale model of the V-22 tiltrotor, is used as the baseline tiltrotor model with unswept-tip blades. A larger sweepback angle improves proprotor performance and whirl flutter stability; however, it degrades the blade and pitch-link loads and hub vibration. As the sweepback starting location moves closer to the midboard, it improves hover performance and whirl flutter stability; but, worsens the blade and pitch-link loads and hub vibratory loads. Therefore, from these two parametric studies, the optimal blade sweepback configuration for tiltrotor is determined to be Λ = 20° and rs= 80%R when considering rotor performance, loads, vibration, and whirl flutter stability.

Transition metal dichalcogenides are promising thermoelectric materials due to the potential for manipulating their electronic and thermal properties through strategic alloying. Recent studies, such as the solid-solution alloying of TiSe2with TiS2demonstrate improved thermoelectric performance despite a reduction in electronic transport properties. This enhancement is attributed to a significant (~ 60%) reduction in lattice thermal conductivity. However, the effect of TiSe2alloying in electronic band parameters and phonon scattering of Ti(S1-xSex)2alloys for xin the range from 0 to 0.5 has not been studied. Herein, we investigate the impact of solid-solution alloying on the electronic and thermal transport properties of Ti(S1-xSex)2alloys using the Single Parabolic Band (SPB) model and the Debye–Callaway (D–C) model, respectively. The SPB model analysis reveals a moderate decrease in the theoretical maximum power factors of the alloys due to a density-of-states effective mass decrease with increasing x. The D–C model confirms that the substantial reduction in lattice thermal conductivity in the alloy originates from strong point defect phonon scattering in Ti(S0.5Se0.5)2(x= 0.5), where the maximum disorder occurs. Despite the decrease in weighted mobility with increasing x, the concurrent suppression of lattice thermal conductivity exerts a more dominant influence. This interplay results in the highest theoretical maximum zTat x= 0.4 according to theoretical calculations. Identification of the alloy composition with the highest thermoelectric quality factor is essential in designing transition metal dichalcogenide alloys with high thermoelectric performance.

Reliability and efficiency improvements of photovoltaic (PV) inverters have a high potential to decrease the cost of PV energy. Discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) is an effective method to improve both the efficiency and reliability of the power devices of the single-phase five-level T-type neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. However, applying DPWM gives a negative effect on the lifetime of the dc-link capacitors and thus, reduces the reliability of the inverter from the system-level reliability point of view. This paper proposes the DPWM strategy to improve the lifetime of the dc-link capacitor compared with the conventional DPWM method so that both reliability and efficiency of the single-phase five-level T-type NPC inverter are improved. Through the proposed strategy, the lifetime of the dc-link capacitor is improved, but its negative effects on the efficiency of the inverter and the lifetime of the power devices are negligible. Therefore, the advantages of applying DPWM can be sustained. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DPWM strategy.

In the recent study of proton therapy, the expectation of the normal tissue-sparing effect of the proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) using a multi-slit collimator (MSC) is increasing. We designed and conducted animal experiments to verify the sparing effect on normal tissues. Proton beam irradiation was carried out on two groups of mice except a control group (0 Gy). One group was irradiated with a conventional broad beam, and the other with a minibeam. A dose of 8.5 Gy was delivered to both femurs of mice in every group. In the pMBRT group, the survival rate of bone marrow cells was significantly improved as compared to the conventional broad beam group. The survival rate in the minibeam group was 2.5 times higher. In conclusion, the pMBRT has been strongly proven to have a superior tissue-sparing effect than the conventional broad beam.

In this study, we address the impact of convective heat transfer on the measured thermal conductivity of a substrate when using the 3ω method. The conventional approach assumes negligible convective heat transfer by performing measurements in a vacuum chamber or by regarding the surface as adiabatic. However, if the 3ω sensor is exposed to air during the measurement, the convective heat transfer in the air can significantly affect the measured thermal conductivity of the sample. The measurement error is known to depend on the ratio of thermal resistance of substrate conduction and surface convective heat transfer. To quantify this effect, we perform a computational fluid dynamic simulation. An Eagle XG glass or a polyimide substrate is considered as the substrate of the 3ω sensor. Temperature oscillation at the microheater is calculated depending on the frequency and amplitude of the convective heat transfer coefficient. By comparing the calculated results with the theoretical model considering only one-dimensional conduction heat transfer, we assess the differences and analyse the measurement error of the substrate's thermal conductivity when neglecting the surface convective heat transfer.

Discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) is generally used for improving the efficiency of inverters, but it reduces the power quality. Therefore, in previous research, the efficiency and power quality are typically considered when DPWM methods are applied. Even though it also affects the power losses of the power devices and dc-link capacitors and thus their reliability, a study on the effect of DPWM on the reliability of inverters is insufficient. In this article, the impact of different DPWM methods on the reliability of a single-phase five-level T-type neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter is comparatively investigated by considering the lifetime of the power devices and dc-link capacitors. Then, the reliability-oriented application method of DPWM called ED2PWM(PON) is proposed based on the analysis results. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DPWM strategy are verified through simulations and experiments. The proposed ED2PWM(PON) reduces the negative effect on the lifetime of the dc-link capacitor compared with the existing DPWM methods while keeping the advantages of power loss reduction and lifetime improvement of the power devices. Consequently, the inverter under the proposed method has the longest lifetime.

We propose the carrier-depletion type strained SiGe optical lumped Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) with L-shape PN junction (LSPN) with a highly CMOS-compatible fabrication method. The device performance is numerically investigated and optimized by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation. The optimized SiGe LSPN MZ modulator exhibits a high modulation efficiency of 0.52 Vcm for $V_{\pi }L$ with reverse bias voltages of 0V to −2V at 1310 nm wavelength, which is 3.5 times smaller than the conventional PN junction device thanks to strained SiGe. Furthermore, we carried out the large-signal simulation with 1-mW input power. As a result, we found that the SiGe LSPN MZ modulator can achieve 0.54 mW (−2.7 dBm) and 0.17 mW (−7.7 dBm) eye-openings for 50-Gbps NRZ-OOK and 100-Gbps PAM-4, respectively, taking advantage of single-drive configuration and optimizing input characteristics impedance. We expect this SiGe lumped MZ modulator can be one of the promising solutions for replacing a very long Si MZ modulator with traveling-wave electrodes.

When producing seedling scions/rootstocks in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL), uniformity of the lighting environment is an important factor affecting seedling quality in terms of morphological traits, growth, and development. The objectives of this study were to propose an optimal light emitting diodes (LEDs) bar array in a PFAL by 3D ray-tracing simulation and to evaluate the growth of cucumber and watermelon scions/rootstocks using the proposed PFAL light environment. In order to prevent the concentration of light in the center, 7 scenarios were set by adjusting the position of 5 LEDs bars. Light uniformity was verified with 3D ray-tracing simulation. Based on the selected array scenario, LEDs were installed in the module. The simulated and measured light intensity values at the same module locations were compared. Additionally, the growth characteristics of cucumber and watermelon seedlings grown in PFAL were investigated. Among the LEDs array scenarios, scenario seven with the coefficient of variation (CV) value of 18.5% had the highest illuminance value of 267.5 µmol m− 2s− 1. When comparing the simulated and measured light intensities in an empty module without plants, R2= 0.90 and RMSE = 15.09 were obtained, which was consistent at a high level. In this study, we proposed a lighting arrangement for uniform light distribution in PFAL during the production of cucumber and watermelon seedlings, which is expected to help in stable seedling year-round production.

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which can electrically control the direction of radio wave reflections other than specular reflection, is expected to improve the area to coverage holes in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. An RIS is produced by arranging reflective elements with control elements in an array. Because no amplifiers or other devices are used, it can be achieved with lower power consumption and cost than other methods, such as relays. However, because a large area of the RIS is required for area improvement, the number of control elements increases, and power consumption and cost may not decrease. Therefore, in this article, we propose a subarray element type RIS in which two reflective elements are controlled by a single control component to achieve low power consumption. We show that a staggered arrangement is an efficient arrangement of reflective elements that can suppress the reduction of the reflection angle range by subarraying and that a specific design method for a subarray element. We show the measurement results of a prototype based on this design and demonstrate that the number of control elements in the RIS can be reduced by 25% compared with the conventional design without degrading the high-frequency characteristics.

Photonic synapses have attracted increasing interest owing to their ultrafast signal transmission, high bandwidth, and low energy consumption. Dielectrics in organic photonic synaptic transistors (OPSTs) affect the photoinduced charge accumulated at the interface between the dielectrics and organic semiconductor (OSC) layer, modulating a synapse-like behavior. Herein, to investigate the effect of the interfacial properties of polymeric gate insulators on photosensitive synaptic characteristics, two types of polymers, i.e., poly(4-vinylphenol) and poly(styrene), were used as gate dielectrics of OPSTs. We discovered that the functional groups of the polymeric gate dielectrics that induce charge trapping primarily contribute to the synaptic properties of the OPSTs. This result was obtained by analyzing the morphological and physicochemical properties, including surface roughness, surface energy of the insulators, and grain size of the OSC layer on the dielectric layers. Further, the poly(4-vinylphenol)-based OPST with strong interfacial charge-trapping effect showed various synaptic characteristics, such as excitatory postsynaptic currents, paired-pulse facilitation, spike duration-dependent plasticity, spike number-dependent plasticity, and spike rate-dependent plasticity, according to the adjustment of various ultraviolet light information (i.e., exposure duration, number, and rate). In contrast, the poly(styrene)-based OPST did not show synaptic photoresponse. Furthermore, based on the potentiation/depression characteristics of the device, a recognition accuracy of 88% was achieved using handwritten digit recognition designed using datasets from the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology. Therefore, this study reveals the understanding of the relation between the dielectric/OSC layer and photosensitive synaptic characteristics from the charge-trapping effect. It also provides a strategy for optimizing the photoresponsive synaptic characteristics of OPSTs.

This paper addresses a communication-free formation control problem for multi-robot applications. To eliminate the formation control errors of the existing nonlinear control schemes, the linear quadratic(LQ) servo technique is applied to a state-space equation which describes the relative motion of a follower robot with respect to a leader in line-of-sight(LOS) frame. Under the assumption that the leader is equipped with an omni-directional ultrasonic transmitter, a gimbaled source tracker is designed to obtain range and bearing measurements. Thus, it enables us to implement the formation controller without any data links. By exploiting the LQ servo structure, our approach not only guarantees the robustness against unmodeled robot dynamics or unknown disturbances, but also makes quantitative analysis on stability margin possible. The superior formation control performance of the proposed method is verified through experiments.

The current diagnostics of fish allergy lack sufficient accuracy such that more reliable tests such as component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) are urgently needed. This study aimed at identifying fish allergens of salmon and grass carp and evaluating the sensitization pattern in fish allergic subjects from two distinct populations in Asia.