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Chronic systemic inflammation in obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a key inducing factor of insulin resistance (IR). Hydrogen molecule (H2) has been proved to be a safe and effective anti-inflammatory agent, but conventional H2administration methods cannot provide a high dosage and a long duration of H2treatment in IR-related tissues and thus lead to limited therapeutic efficacies. We here propose a new strategy of controlled H2release to match the time window of gastric emptying for maximizing the bioavailability and therapeutic outcome of H2. This work enhances the hydrolysis rate of Zn by constructing a Zn-Fe primary-battery micro-/nano-structure, and the H2-releasing rate is adjusted by tuning the ratio of Zn to Fe. The Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure is orally administrated once daily to alleviate obesity-associated T2D in a leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse model. The H2generation time of the Zn-Fe primary-battery micro-/nano-structure with the Fe/Zn ratio of 1:100 in gastric acid is about 3 h, just matching with the time window of gastric emptying in mice. In vivomonitoring results show that H2generated by Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure in stomach can effectively accumulate in major IR-sited tissues including liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle at a high dose for a relatively long time compared to H2-rich water drinking. Oral administration of Zn-Fe micro-/nano-structure at 200 mg/kg body weight has realized an efficient IR improvement and remarkably ameliorated systemic inflammation in ob/obmice. In addition, a high-dose administration of Zn-Fe shows no visible toxicity in mice. This work provides a new strategy to maximize the outcome of hydrogen therapy.

In this paper, we study a boundedness property of the Adams type for multilinear fractional integral operators with the multilinear Lr′,α-Hörmander condition and their commutators with vector valued BMO functions on a Morrey space and a predual Morrey space. Moreover, we give an endpoint estimate for multilinear fractional integral operators. As an application, we obtain the boundedness of multilinear Fourier multipliers with limited Sobolev regularity on a Morrey space.

The development of high-performance solar-photocatalysts/sonocatalysts for overall water splitting production of H2and H2O2is highly significant to their energy and medical applications, but remains challenging. Herein, we have discovered that Bi2Te3nanosheets have a piezoelectricity, and experimentally confirmed the ultrasound-driven indirect-to-direct bandgap semiconductor transition which enables ultrasound stimulation to reconstruct band structure in competent for sonophotocatalytic overall water splitting production of H2and H2O2. Under the assistance/driving of a low-density pulsed ultrasound, the solar-photocatalysis of Bi2Te3-Au nanosheets achieves extrahigh H2and H2O2production efficiencies (29.7 mmol/g/h H2and 14.6 mmol/g/h H2O2), which are far higher than that previously reported about overall water splitting. For medical application, we have proposed a sonocatalytic strategy of combining hydrogen therapy and sonodynamic therapy for treatment of deep tumors, achieving a high outcome of orthotopic liver tumor treatment with a 100 % mice survival rate and a 100 % tumor eradication rate. High sonophotocatalytic performance, high biosafety and high anti-cancer efficacy endow Bi2Te3-Au nanosheets with a great potential for green energy and medical applications. These findings will provide an inspiration for exploitation and utilization of the piezoelectricity and sonophotocatalysis of A2VB3VIsemiconducting nanomaterials.

Let E⊂Rbe a closed set, which has nonzero Hausdorff dimension and some other properties. For some t>0, we proved the three- point patterns x,x+t,x+γ(t)belong to E, where γ(t)is a convex curve with some curvature constraints.

In this paper, we obtain the weighted boundedness for the local multi(sub)linear Hardy–Littlewood maximal operators and local multilinear fractional integral operators associated with the local Muckenhoupt weights on Gaussian measure spaces. We deal with these problems by introducing a new pointwise equivalent “radial” definitions of these local operators. Moreover, using a similar approach, we also get the weighted boundedness for the local fractional maximal operators with rough kernel and local fractional integral operators with rough kernel on Gaussian measure spaces.

1T-phase transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials are one type of emerging and promising near-infrared II (NIR-II) photothermal agents (PTAs) derived from their distinct metallic electronic structure, but it is still challenging to synthesize these nanomaterials. Herein, PdTe2nanoparticles (PTNs) with a 1T crystal symmetry and around 50 nm in size are prepared by an electrochemical exfoliation method, and the corresponding photothermal performances irradiated under a NIR-II laser have been explored. The encapsulation of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) endows PTNs with water solubility, enhanced photothermal stability, and high biocompatibility. Notably, PTN/DSPE-PEG displays a potent absorbance through the NIR-II zone and considerable photothermal conversion efficiency, which is up to 68% when irradiated with a 1060 nm laser. With these unique photothermal properties, excellent in vitroand in vivotumor inhibition effects of PTN/DSPE-PEG have been achieved under the irradiation of a NIR-II (1060 nm) laser without visible toxicity to normal tissues, suggesting that it is an efficient NIR-II photothermal nanoagent.

Hydrogen therapy has recently received increasing attention as an emerging and promising therapeutic technology due to its selective antioxidant property and cell energy regulatory capability in vivo. To solve the low solubility issue of hydrogen, a variety of nanomaterials and devices for hydrogen supply have recently been developed, aiming to increase the concentration of hydrogen in the specific disease site and realize controlled hydrogen release and combined treatment. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest advances in using hydrogen-generating devices and nanomaterials for hydrogen therapy. These developments include sustained release of H2, controlled release of H2, versatile modalities of synergistic therapy, etc. Also, bio-safety issues and challenges are discussed to further promote the clinical applications of hydrogen therapy and the development of hydrogen medicine.

In this paper, we consider the boundedness of multilinear Littlewood-Paley operators which include multilinear g-function, multilinear Lusin’s area integral and multilinear Littlewood-Paley g*λ-function. Furthermore, norm inequalities of the above operators hold on the corresponding Amalgam-Campanato spaces.

Most hypoxic tumors are insensitive to radiation, which is a major obstacle in the development of conventional radiotherapy for tumor treatment. Some drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP), have been extensively used both as an anticancer drug and clinically as a radiosensitizer to enhance radiotherapy. Herein, we develop rattle-structured multifunctional up-conversion core/porous silica shell nanotheranostics (UCSNs) for delivering CDDP to tumors for synergetic chemo-/radiotherapy by CDDP radiosensitization and magnetic/luminescent dual-mode imaging. UCSNs had a dynamic light scattering diameter of 79.1 nm and excellent water dispersity and stability. In vitrostudies showed that CDDP loaded in UCSNs (UCSNs-CDDP) was more effective than free CDDP as a radiosensitizer. After injection, UCSNs-CDDP also demonstrated unambiguously enhanced radiotherapy efficacy in vivo. Our report aims at presenting a novel strategy in biomedical nanotechnology that allows simultaneous dual-mode imaging and localized therapy via synergetic chemo-/radiotherapy, which may achieve optimized therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.

Hydrogen gas, which is an important energy resource, was recently discovered to have high advantage in the treatment of many diseases, but the current constraint is the low efficacy of stable hydrogen storage and delivery. By the virtue of the strong hydrogen bonding and catalytic hydrogenation capacity of Pd, we developed a nanoscale porphyrin–palladium metal–organic framework (Pd-MOF) with highly dispersed Pd atoms as hydrogen carriers to efficiently load highly reductive hydrogen for the tumor-targeted photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided hydrogenothermal therapy of cancer. The hydrogenated Pd-MOF (PdH-MOF) exhibited a high hydrogen loading capacity, sustained hydrogen release profile, high tumor targeting ability, high photothermal effect and excellent PAI performance. Utilizing these unique advantages of PdH-MOF nanoparticles, high-efficacy hydrogenothermal therapy was achieved by tumor-targeted delivery, PAI-guided therapy, and the sustained release of high payload of highly reductive hydrogen. This study proposes a new strategy for hydrogen storage, activation, delivery and combined therapy using MOFs as a versatile platform.

The CPT was loaded into the HMSNs with the high loading capacity. Then the CPT@HMSNs were loaded into the PLEL thermosensitive hydrogels for local therapy to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer after the tumor was resected.

The size of nanoparticles is highly related to their intratumor penetration ability and long-time accumulation-derived toxicity to normal organs. The moderate particle size (50–200 nm) favors the intratumor accumulation, while both the deep penetration into tumors and the quick clearance from the body require particle size to be as small as possible (generally less than 10 nm). How to balance the contradiction regarding particle size is vitally important for enhancing cancer therapy efficacy and reducing toxicity, but is still challenging. One of the reasonable solutions is to design disintegratable nanohybrids, which are assembled into a desired size of bigger nanoparticles from ultrasmall particles and are also able to disassemble into ultrasmall particles in a responsive/controlled way. Tumor-specific disintegratable nanohybrids containing ultrasmall functional inorganic nanoparticles could achieve long blood circulation and extravasate after reaching the tumor site, and they could be triggered by stimuli to disintegrate into small particles in favor of their penetration into deep tumor tissue and their clearance by the body. Moreover, the integration of multiple functional nanoparticles into nanohybrids can significantly amplify their physicochemical performances, enhancing the efficacies for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, this review summarizes the design strategies of tumor-specific disintegratable nanohybrids, indicates their improved properties, and highlights their applications in highly effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

This paper is devoted to studying the weighted boundedness and compactness of commutators of Marcinkiewicz integral related to Schrödinger operators. We show that the commutators of Marcinkiewicz integral related to Schrödinger operators with pointwise multiplication with functions in BMO(σ)space are weighted Lp(p>1)bounded and with functions in CMO(σ)space are compact operators when acting on weighted Lebesgue spaces. As a byproduct, the weighted compactness of commutators of maximal operator associated with Schrödinger operators is given. Here BMO(σ)is a function space which is larger than the classical BMOspace and CMO(σ)denotes the closure of Cc∞(Rd)in the BMO(σ)topology.

Let Tbe a bounded operator on Lp(Rn)and Ap/m′ρ,θdenote the class of Aptype weights related with Schrödinger operators L=-Δ+V, where Vbelongs to the reverse Hölder class Bq. In this paper, under the assumption that the kernel of Tsatisfies some Hörmander type estimates, we obtain a boundedness criterion for the commutators [b, T] on the weighted Lebesgue spaces Lp(ω)with b∈BMOθ(ρ)(Rn)and ω∈Ap/m′ρ,θ, where BMOθ(ρ)(Rn)denotes the BMO type spaces related with L. Further, for b∈CMOθ(ρ)(Rn), the vanishing BMO type space related with L, a criterion of Lp-weighted compactness of [b, T], is established.

A facile and general coordination-precipitation method is developed to synthesize insoluble metal Roussin’s black salts (Me-RBSs) as a new type of NIR-responsive NORMs. The weak-field ligand coordination of metal+–RBS–brings a NIR absorption effect of Me-RBSs, and further gives rise to the NIR adsorption-dependent NIR-responsive NO release profile. Intratumoral NIR-responsive release of NO effectively inhibits the growth and metastasis of the metastatic breast cancer. Aqueous insolubility of Me-RBSs ensures lower cytotoxicity and higher thermostability compared with traditional soluble RBSs. This work establishes a new class of NIR-sensitive NO donors, and may spark new inspiration for designing intelligent gas-releasing molecules.

Gas therapy is an emerging and promising field, utilizing the unique therapeutic effects of several kinds of gases (NO, CO, H2S and H2) towards many major diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and it is also facing challenges relating to enhancing gas therapy efficacy and avoiding gas poisoning risks. Here, we have proposed a new concept for precision gas therapy using a nanomedicine strategy to overcome the challenges. In this perspective, we have addressed a series of existing and potential solutions from the point of view of nanomedicine, and conveyed a collection of opinions about future expandable research into precision gas therapy.

Molecular hydrogen holds a high potential for wound healing owing to its anti‐inflammatory effect and high biosafety, but commonly used hydrogen administration routes hardly achieve the sustained supply of high‐dosage hydrogen, limiting hydrogen therapy efficacy. Here, two‐dimensional Mg2Si nanosheet (MSN) is exploited as a super‐persistent hydrogen‐releasing nanomaterial with high biocompatibility, and the incorporation of MSN into the chitosan/hyaluronic acid hydrogel (MSN@CS/HA) is developed as a dressing to repair deeply burned skin. The MSN@CS/HA hydrogel dressing can continuously generate hydrogen molecules for about 1 week in the physiological conditions in support of local, long‐term, and plentiful hydrogen supply and remarkably promotes the healing and regeneration of deep second‐degree and third‐degree burn wounds without visible scar and toxic side effect. Mechanistically, a sustained supply of hydrogen molecules induces anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in time by enhancing CCL2 (chemokine C‐C motif ligand 2) expression to promote angiogenesis and reduce fibrosis and also enhances the proliferation and migration capability of skin cells directly and indirectly by locally scavenging overexpressed reactive oxygen species, synergistically favoring wound repair. The proposed synthesis method, therapeutic strategy, and mechanisms will open a window for synthesizing a variety of MSene nanomaterials and developing their various proangiogenesis applications besides wound healing. A hydrogen‐releasing hydrogel dressing based on two‐dimensional Mg2Si nanosheets (MSN) is developed to achieve local, continuous, long‐term, and plentiful hydrogen supply at the burned site, remarkably promoting the healing and regeneration of serious burn wounds without leaving visible scars or inducing toxic side effects by enhancing the proliferation and migration of skin cells as well as anti‐inflammatory macrophage polarization‐mediated angiogenesis.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is responsible for the relatively low effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. Herein, a nitric oxide (NO) gas-enhanced chemosensitization strategy is proposed to overcome MDR by construction of a biodegradable nanomedicine formula based on BNN6/DOX coloaded monomethoxy(polyethylene glycol)–poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA). On one hand, the nanomedicine features high biocompatibility due to the high density of PEG and biodegradable PLGA. On the other hand, the nanoformula exhibits excellent stability under physiological conditions but exhibits stimuli-responsive decomposition of BNN6 for NO gas release upon ultraviolet–visible irradiation. More importantly, after NO release is triggered, gas molecules are generated that break the nanoparticle shell and lead to the release of doxorubicin. Furthermore, NO was demonstrated to reverse the MDR of tumor cells and enhance the chemosensitization for doxorubicin therapy.

Let L=-Δ+Vbe a Schrödinger operator with the potential Vbelonging to the reverse Hölder class Bq,q>n/2. Denote by CMOθ(ρ)the vanishing mean oscillation type space associated with L. By the aid of the regularity estimates of the fractional heat kernel related with L, we investigate the weighted boundedness and compactness of the commutators of operators generated by fractional heat semigroups related to Land functions belonging to CMOθ(ρ).

Surgical resection, one of the main clinical treatments of intracranial glioblastoma, bears the potential risk of incomplete excision due to the inherent infiltrative character of the glioblastoma. To maximize the accuracy of surgical resection, the magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging are widely used for the tumor preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative positioning. However, present commercial MR contrast agents and fluorescent dyes can only function for single mode of imaging and are subject to poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and nontargeting-specificity, resulting in the apparent risks of inefficient diagnosis and resection of glioblastoma. Considering the unique MR/upconversion luminescence (UCL) bimodal imaging feature of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), herein, we have developed a dual-targeting nanoprobe (ANG/PEG-UCNPs) to cross the BBB, target the glioblastoma, and then function as a simultaneous MR/NIR-to-NIR UCL bimodal imaging agent, which showed a much enhanced imaging performance in comparison with the clinically used single MRI contrast (Gd-DTPA) and fluorescent dye (5-ALA). Moreover, their biocompatibility, especially to brains, was systematically assessed by the histological/hematological examination, indicating a negligible in vivotoxicity. As a proof-of-concept, the ANG/PEG-UCNPs hold the great potential in MR diagnosis and fluorescence positioning of glioblastoma for the efficient tumor surgery.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), as one of the most promising inorganic drug carriers, have attracted ever increasing attention due to their unique structural, physicochemical, and biochemical features. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on MSNs could easily escape from endosomes after endocytosis and protect the loaded drugs from bioerosion by stable MSN carriers, efficiently deliver drugs intracellularly in a sustained release way, and consequently kill cancer cells at enhanced efficacy. However, the underlying pathways and mechanisms of cancer cell death induced by MSN-mediated drug delivery have not been well explored. In this study, we introduce gene expression analyses to evaluate the pathways and mechanisms of cancer cell death induced by a MSN-based drug delivery system. Unique changes in gene expressions and gene ontology terms, which were caused only by the MSN-based DDS (DOX-loaded MSNs, DOX@MSNs) but not by free drug doxorubicin (DOX) and/or the carrier MSNs, were discovered and proposed to be responsible for the varied cell death mechanisms, including the greatly enhanced necrosis due to amplified oxidative stress and the apoptosis related with DNA/RNA synthesis and cell cycle inhibitions. By virtue of a certain kind of synergetic biological effect between the drug and the carrier, the DOX@MSNs DDS was found capable of increasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and triggering the mitochondria-related autophagic lysosome pathway, consequently activating a specific pathway of necrosis, which is different from those by the free drug and the carrier.

A novel drug‐formulation protocol is developed to solve the delivery problem of hydrophobic drug molecules by using inorganic mesoporous silica nanocapsules (IMNCs) as an alternative to traditional organic emulsions and liposomes while preserving the advantages of inorganic materials. The unique structures of IMNCs are engineered by a novel fluoride‐silica chemistry based on a structural difference‐based selective etching strategy. The prepared IMNCs combine the functions of organic nanoemulsions or nanoliposomes with the properties of inorganic materials. Various spherical nanostructures can be fabricated simply by varying the synthetic parameters. The drug loading amount of a typical highly hydrophobic anticancer drug‐camptothecin (CPT) in IMNCs reaches as high as 35.1 wt%. The intracellular release of CPT from carriers is demonstrated in situ. In addition, IMNCs can play the role of organic nanoliposome (multivesicular liposome) in co‐encapsulating and co‐delivering hydrophobic (CPT) and hydrophilic (doxorubicin, DOX) anticancer drugs simultaneously. The co‐delivery of multi‐drugs in the same carrier and the intracellular release of the drug combinations enables a drug delivery system with efficient enhanced chemotherapeutic effect for DOX‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cancer cells. The special IMNCs‐based “inorganic nanoemulsion”, as a proof‐of‐concept, can also be employed successfully to encapsulate and deliver biocompatible hydrophobic perfluorohexane (PFH) molecules for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) synergistic therapy ex vivo and in vivo. Based on this novel design strategy, a wide range of inorganic material systems with similar “inorganic nanoemulsion or nanoliposome” functions will be developed to satisfy varied clinical requirements.

Bloodless surgical knife: Nano‐biotechnology has been introduced into imaging‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) cancer surgery by adopting engineered multifunctional manganese‐based mesoporous composite nanocapsules as the contrast agents for T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and simultaneously as synergistic agents for MRI‐guided HIFU cancer surgery.

Skalpell ohne Blut: Nanobiotechnologie wurde mit bildgestützter Chirurgie mittels hochintensivem fokussiertem Ultraschall (HIFU) kombiniert, indem multifunktionelle manganbasierte mesopöre Komposit‐Nanokapseln als Kontrastmittel für T1‐gewichtete Kernspintomographie (MRI) und gleichzeitig als synergistisches Agens für die MRI‐geführte HIFU‐Chirurgie verwendet wurden.

A novel in situ decomposition/reduction approach is developed to manu­facture hollow core, magnetic, and mesoporous double‐shell nanostructures (HMMNSs) via in situ decomposition and reduction of a β‐FeOOH nanorod core and organosilicate‐incorporated silica‐shell precursor. The formed HMMNSs are then aminated by silanization for further covalent conjugation to rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. The resultant RBITC‐grafted and PEGylated nanocomposites (HMMNS–R/Ps) have excellent blood compatibility and very low cytotoxicity towards HeLa and MCF‐7 cells, and can be taken up by cancer cells effectively in a dose‐dependent manner, as confirmed by in vitro flow cytometry, confocal luminescence imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. In vivo MRI studies coupled with Prussian blue staining of slides from different organs show that the nanocomposites preferentially accumulate in liver and spleen after intravenous injection, which suggests a potential application of the nanocomposites as MRI contrast agents. Importantly, the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites show high loading capacity for water‐insoluble anticancer drugs (docetaxel or camptothecin) owing to the presence of a large inner cavity and enhanced surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, the drug‐loaded nanocomposites exhibit greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding free drugs. These results confirm that the HMMNS–R/P nanocomposites are promising candidates for simultaneous bioimaging and drug delivery.

Up to the neck!Bio‐safe upconversion fluorescent nanocrystals (NaYF4:Er,Yb) and biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPION) were effectively combined by means of a general “neck‐formation” strategy, forming a size‐controlled, Cd2+‐ and Gd3+‐free, silica‐shielded, magnetic upconversion fluorescent oligomer (SMUFO), bimodal cancer probe that offers high resistance to photoquenching as well as a synergistic T2‐weighted magnetic resonance enhanced effect (see graphic).

A novel “structural difference-based selective etching” strategy has been developed to fabricate hollow/rattle-type mesoporous nanostructures, which was achieved by making use of the structural differences, rather than traditional compositional differences, between the core and the shell of a silica core/mesoporous silica shell structure to create hollow interiors. Highly dispersed hollow mesoporous silica spheres with controllable particle/pore sizes could be synthesized by this method, which show high loading capacity (1222 mg/g) for anticancer drug (doxorubicin). Hemolyticity and cytotoxicity assays of hollow mesoporous silica spheres were conducted, and the synthesized hollow mesoporous silica spheres with large pores show ultrafast immobilization of protein-based biomolecules (hemoglobin). On the basis of this strategy, different kinds of heterogeneous rattle-type nanostructures with inorganic nanocrystals, such as Au, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4nanoparticles, as the core and mesoporous silica as the shell were also prepared. This strategy could be extended as a general approach to synthesize various hollow/rattle-type nanostructures by creating adequate structural differences between cores and shells in core/shell structures in nanoscale.

The new hierarchy: c‐TUD‐1, a new aluminosilicate with a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure, has been successfully synthesized by a steam‐assisted post‐crystallization process. c‐TUD‐1 has large pore size and volume, high surface area, high acid concentration/strength, and high hydrothermal stability, and demonstrates significantly higher activity than either amorphous aluminosilicate or bulky ZSM‐5 in catalytic reactions involving large molecules.

Oleic acid stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were selected as the cores for fabrication of sub‐50‐nm monodisperse single‐loaded SPION@SiO2core–shell nanostructures. Parameters that influence the formation of SPION@SiO2in the water‐in‐oil reverse microemulsion system have been systematically investigated. The sufficiently high concentration of well‐dispersed SPION, together with an appropriately low injection rate of tetraethoxysilane, were found to be the keys to efficiently prevent the homogeneous nucleation of silica and obtain a high‐quality single‐loaded core–shell nanocomposite. A more detailed mechanism for incorporating oleic acid capped inorganic functional nanoparticles into silica is proposed on the basis of previous reports and our new experimental results. Finally, the as‐synthesized SPION@SiO2nanospheres are exploited as an MRI‐enhanced contrast agent, and their contrast effect in solution is tested by using a clinical MRI instrument.

Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with magnetic cores are directly replicated from hollow mesoporous aluminosilicate spheres with hematite cores by a simple incipient‐wetness impregnation technique. The amount of magnetic cores and the saturation magnetization value can be easily tuned by changing the concentration of iron nitrate solution used in the synthesis procedure. As‐prepared hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with magnetic cores are used as separable bilirubin adsorbents and show very good adsorptive properties. The characteristics of as‐prepared composites are examined by XRD, N2sorption, TEM, vibrating‐sample magnetometry, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.

A mesostructured Pt/WO3electrochemical catalyst has been prepared by a loading small amount of Pt (7.5 wt %) on mesoporous tungsten oxide, which was synthesized by a simple one-step casting method using mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a hard template. The resultant mesostructured Pt/WO3catalyst showed high electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen electrooxidation, and the mass activity (mA·mg-Pt−1, per mass of Pt) of it for hydrogen electrooxidation was more than three times of that of the commercial 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst (E-TEK). In addition, it exhibited much improved resistance to CO poisoning relative to the 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst. Since the catalyst is also stable in an electrochemical environment, it could serve as an alternative electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with high electrocatalytic activity and CO tolerance.

In this paper, we establish the sharp constant for q-analogus of Hausdorff operators on central q-Morrey spaces. As applications, the sharp constants for the q-analogus of Hardy operator and its dual operator, the q-analogue of Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator, and the q-analogue of Hilbert operator on central q-Morrey spaces are deduced.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to unacceptably high mortality due to difficulties in timely intervention and less efficient renal delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, a series of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-curcumin nanoparticles (PCurNP) are designed to meet the renal excretion threshold (∼45 kDa), presenting a controllable delivery nanosystem for kidney targeting. Renal accumulation of the relatively small nanoparticles, 89Zr-PCurNP M10 with the diameter between 5-8 nm, is found to be 1.7 times and 1.8 times higher than the accumulation of 89Zr-PCurNP M29 (20–50 nm) and M40 (20–50 nm) as revealed by PET imaging. Furthermore, serum creatinine analysis, kidney tissues histology, and tubular injury scores revealed that PCurNP M10 efficiently treated cisplatin-induced AKI. Herein, PCurNP offers a novel and simple strategy for precise PET image-guided drug delivery of renal protective materials.

Gas therapy, an emerging cancer treatment method of inflammation‐related diseases, has recently received substantial attention. The rapid advances in nanomedicine and nanotechnology have made gas precision treatment possible through tumor targeted delivery and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Single therapeutic is often inevitably accompanied with limited therapy efficacy. Gas therapy combined with other treatment methods can sensitize different therapy modes to augment cancer therapy. Understanding the mechanism through which gas enhances other therapeutic modalities will enable the design of reasonable strategies for clinical cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize novel gas‐based nanomedicines, focusing on gas‐based nanomedicine carriers, along with the release of gas molecules and the mechanisms of gas enhanced therapy. We describe the design of novel gas‐releasing nanoplatforms and the underlying synergistic mechanisms against cancer. Moreover, we describe the current challenges and outlook for future prospects in novel gas‐based nanomedicines for gas therapy in cancer. In this review, novel gas‐based nanomedicines along with the release of gas molecules and the mechanisms of gas enhanced therapy are summarized. Gas therapy combined with other treatment methods can sensitize different therapy modes to augment cancer therapy and efforts should be made to understand the mechanisms and develop applications to accelerate the adoption of gas therapy in clinical settings.

A kind of Au nanoparticle (NP) containing 2D hexagonal mesoporous TiO_2 thin films (MTTFs) has been successfully synthesized through a deposition-precipitation method. The Au NPs show uniform size distribution and the Au content within the MTTFs is measured to be 7.49 wt.%. The third-order nonlinear optical refractive index of the Au NPs contained MTTFs has been measured by the Z-scan technique at 1064 nm. The absolute value of nonlinear refractive index (n_2) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ^(3)) were calculated to be 2.64×10^−7 and 6.32×10^−8 esu, respectively. The high nonlinearity of the composite thin films can be attributed to the intraband transition of electrons near the Fermi surface in well-dispersed Au NPs confined in mesoporous channels and the high linear refractive index of the nanocrystalline anatase framework.

Photothermal nanotheranostics, especially in the near infrared II (NIR-II) region, exhibits a great potential in precision and personalized medicine, owing to high tissue penetration of NIR-II light. NIR-II-photothermal nanoplatforms with high biocompatibility as well as high photothermal effect are urgently needed but rarely reported so far. Te nanomaterials possess high absorbance to NIR-II light but also exhibit high cytotoxicity, impeding their biomedical applications. In this work, the controllable incorporation of biocompatible Se into the lattice of Te nanostructures is proposed to intrinsically tune their inherent cytotoxicity and enhance their biocompatibility, developing TeSexnano-alloys as a new kind of theranostic nanoplatform. We have uncovered that the cytotoxicity of Te nanomaterials primarily derives from irreversible oxidation stress and intracellular imbalance of organization and energy, and can be eliminated by incorporating a moderate proportion of Se (x = 0.43). We have also discovered that the as-prepared TeSexnano-alloys have extraordinarily high NIR-II-photothermal conversion efficiency (77.2%), 64Cu coordination and computed tomography contrast capabilities, enabling high-efficacy multimodal photothermal/photoacoustic/positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal therapy of cancer. The proposed nano-alloying strategy provides a new route to improve the biocompatibility of biomedical nanoplatforms and endow them with versatile theranostic functions.A nano-alloying strategy is proposed to completely eliminate the toxicity of Te nanomaterials and simultaneously endow them with versatile theranostic functions by Se incorporation, realizing safe, precise and high-efficacy cancer treatment by multimodal PT/PA/CT/PET imaging-guided NIR-II-photothermal therapy.

In this paper, we study the sharp bounds for the generalized m-linear n-dimensional p-adic Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator on central and noncentral p-adic Morrey spaces with power weight. As an application, the sharp bounds for the p-adic Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator on corresponding Morrey spaces are obtained. These results generalize substantially some well-known results.

Tumor-targeted delivery of nanomedicine is of great importance to improve therapeutic efficacy of cancer and minimize systemic side effects. Unfortunately, nowadays the targeting efficiency of nanomedicine toward tumor is still quite limited and far from clinical requirements. In this work, we develop an innovative peptide-based nanoparticle to realize light-triggered nitric oxide (NO) release and structural transformation for enhanced intratumoral retention and simultaneously sensitizing photodynamic therapy (PDT). The designed nanoparticle is self-assembled from a chimeric peptide monomer, TPP-RRRKLVFFK-Ce6, which contains a photosensitive moiety (chlorin e6, Ce6), a β-sheet-forming peptide domain (Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe, KLVFF), an oligoarginine domain (RRR) as NO donor and a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moiety for targeting mitochondria. When irradiated by light, the constructed nanoparticles undergo rapid structural transformation from nanosphere to nanorod, enabling to achieve a significantly higher intratumoral accumulation by 3.26 times compared to that without light irradiation. More importantly, the conversion of generated NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a light-responsive way to peroxynitrite anions (ONOO−) with higher cytotoxicity enables NO to sensitize PDT in cancer treatment. Both in vitroand in vivostudies demonstrate that NO sensitized PDT based on the well-designed transformable nanoparticles enables to eradicate tumors efficiently. The light-triggered transformable nanoplatform developed in this work provides a new strategy for enhanced intratumoral retention and improved therapeutic outcome.

Engineering biomaterials to meet specific biomedical applications raises high requirements of mechanical performances, and simultaneous strengthening and toughening of polymer are frequently necessary but very challenging in many cases. In this work, we propose a new concept of nanoconcrete welding polymer chains, where mesoporous CaCO3(mCaCO3) nanoconcretes which are composed of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases are developed to powerfully weld polymer chains through siphoning-induced occlusion, hydration-driven crystallization and dehydration-driven compression of nanoconcretes. The mCaCO3nanoconcrete welding technology is verified to be able to remarkably augment strength, toughness and anti-fatigue performances of a model polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-based porous membrane. Mechanistically, we have revealed polymer-occluded nanocrystal structure and welding-derived microstress which is much stronger than interfacial Van der Waals force, thus efficiently preventing the generation of microcracks and repairing initial microcracks by microcracks-induced hydration, crystallization and polymer welding of mCaCO3nanoconcretes. Constructed porous membrane is used as wound dressing, exhibiting a special nanoplates-constructed surface topography as well as a porous structure with plentiful oriented, aligned and opened pore channels, improved hydrophilicity, water vapor permeability, anti-bacterial and cell adherence, in support of wound healing and skin structural/functional repairing. The proposed nanoconcrete-welding-polymer strategy breaks a new pathway for improving the mechanical performances of polymers.

The development of multifunctional theranostic nano-agents is an important resolution for personalized treatment of cancer. In this work, we synthesized a new kind of gadolinium boride nanoparticles (GBN) by a microwave-assisted chemical etching method, and discovered their optical characteristics including fluorescence imaging and near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion capability. Bright greenishyellow fluorescence enabled for intracellular localization, while effective NIR-photothermal conversion supported photothermal therapy (PTT). In vitroand in vivoresults indicated that GBN exhibited a superior antitumor performance and high biocompatibility. This study demonstrated a promising multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform for cancer treatment.

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) exhibited by cancer cells and low intratumor accumulation of chemotherapeutics are the main obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. Herein, the preparation of a redox‐responsive sulfur dioxide (SO2)‐releasing nanosystem, with high SO2‐loading capacity, aimed at improving the treatment efficacy of cancers exhibiting MDR is described. The multifunctional nanomedicine (MON‐DN@PCBMA‐DOX) is designed and constructed by coating mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles with a zwitterionic polymer, poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA), which can concurrently load SO2prodrug molecules (DN, 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonylchloride) and chemotherapeutics (DOX, doxorubicin). The generated SO2molecules can sensitize cells to chemotherapy and overcome the MDR by downregulating the expression of P‐glycoprotein. Furthermore, the PCBMA coating prolongs the blood circulation time of the inner core, leading to an increased intratumor accumulation of the nanomedicine. Owing to the prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, and SO2sensitization of cells to chemotherapy, the nanomedicine exhibits excellent tumor suppression with a tumor inhibition rate of 94.8%, and might provide a new platform for cancer therapy. A redox‐responsive sulfur dioxide‐releasing nanosystem with long circulation time is developed by coating mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles with a zwitterionic polymer. The generated SO2molecules can overcome multiple drug resistance. With the property of long circulation time, the functional nanosystem exhibits excellent tumor suppression functionality, which may provide a new platform for cancer therapy.

Hydrogen therapy is an emerging and promising therapy strategy of using molecular hydrogen as a new type of safe and effective therapeutic agent, exhibiting remarkable therapeutic effects on many oxidative stress‐/inflammation‐related diseases owing to its bio‐reductivity and homeostatic regulation ability. Different from other gaseous transmitters such as NO, CO, and H2S, hydrogen gas has no blood poisoning risk at high concentration because it does not affect the oxygen‐carrying behavior of blood red cells. Hydrogen molecules also have low aqueous solubility and high but aimless diffusibility, causing limited therapy efficacy in many diseases. To realize the site‐specific hydrogen delivery, controlled hydrogen release and combined therapy is significant but still challenging. Here, a concept of hydrogen nanomedicine to address the issues of hydrogen medicine by using functional micro/nanomaterials for augmented hydrogen therapy is proposed. In this review, various strategies of micro/nanomaterials‐augmented hydrogen therapy, including micro/nanomaterials‐mediated targeted hydrogen delivery, controlled hydrogen release, and nanocatalytic and multimodel enhancement of hydrogen therapy efficacy, are summarized, which can open a new window for treatment of inflammation‐related diseases. This review defines the concept of hydrogen nanomedicineas the application of functional micro/nanomaterials for addressing the issues of hydrogen medicine. This review provides a systematic review of the state‐of‐art strategies of micro/nanomaterials‐augmented hydrogen therapy, including micro/nanomaterials‐mediated targeted hydrogen delivery, controlled hydrogen release, and nanocatalytic and multimodel enhancement of hydrogen therapy efficacy.

In article number 1900157by Qianjun He and co‐workers, a two‐dimensional magnesium boride nanosheet (MBN) is developed as a new type of acid‐responsive hydrogen‐releasing prodrug to realize combined hydrogenochemotherapy of gastric cancer by oral uptake of an MBN@PVP pill, reducing toxic side effects and enhancing anticancer outcomes of chemotherapy.

The hydrogen molecule is recognized as a high potential to attenuate toxic side effects of chemotherapy and also enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, and the development of a novel hydrogen‐generating prodrug for facile, safe, and efficient hydrogen delivery is vitally important for combined hydrogenochemotherapy but is still challenging. Here, targeting gastric cancer, a 2D magnesium boride nanosheet (MBN) is synthesized as a new type of acid‐responsive hydrogen‐releasing prodrug by an ultrasound‐assisted chemical etching route, which is used to realize hydrogenochemotherapy by combination of facile oral administration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)‐encapsulating MBN (MBN@PVP) pills with routine intravenous injection of doxorubicin (DOX). The MBN@PVP pill has high stability in normal tissues/blood environments as well as high gastric acid‐responsiveness with sustained release behavior, which matches well with its metabolism rate in the stomach in great favor of continuous and long‐term hydrogen administration. Hydrogenochemotherapy with DOX+MBN@PVP has remarkably prolonged the survival time of gastric tumor‐bearing mice by reducing the toxic side effects of chemotherapy. The mechanism for therapeutic synergy and side effect attenuation of hydrogenochemotherapy is discovered to be derived from the selectivity of hydrogen molecules in inhibiting aerobic respiration of gastric cells but activating aerobic respiration of normal cells including marrow mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac, hepatic, and splenic cells. A 2D magnesium boride nanosheetis developed as a new type of acid‐responsive hydrogen‐releasing prodrug to realize combined hydrogenochemotherapy, reducing toxic side effects, and enhancing anticancer outcomes of chemotherapy.

Key factorsthat influence the synthesis of monodisperse and single‐loaded SPION§SiO2nanostructure in the water‐in‐oil reverse microemulsion system have been obtained and are further suggested to effectively minimize the homogeneous nucleation of silica while maintaining the high dispersivity of SPION§SiO2, and to control the single‐loading of oleic acid capped SPION into silica matrix. W. Bu, J. Shi et al. present a more detailed mechanism for incorporating oleic acid capped inorganic functional nanoparticles into silica proposed on the basis of previous reports and the new experimental results. For further details, turn to their Full Paper on page 1809 ff.