Search

The paper considers the appearance and meaning of city walls on ducal and municipal seals in 13th-century Poland. Despite the great popularity of the motif, actual stone or brick fortifications, both of towns and castles, were rare in Poland at the time. It is especially striking that in the area of Kuyavia, where local dukes introduced the motif onto their seals at an early stage, such architectonic structures were almost entirely absent. Several towns also employed images of stone walls on their seals before they gained the real fortifications. The motif of fortification is examined here as a symbol of civilization in a wider sense, and particularly that of the communal town. The final section the paper explores ways in which Polish society might have come to understand this symbolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I examine the potential of studying living things archaeologically. I adopt and expand the term 'vivifact' first proposed by Kawa, Painter, and Murray [2015. "Trail Trees: Living Artifacts (Vivifacts) of Eastern North America." Ethnobiology Letters 6 (1): 183–188. doi:], defined in this paper as any living plant or animal the appearance, features, or distribution of which can be understood as the product of past human action. The ethical considerations required by living artefacts are discussed. Different types of living things that can be grouped under the vivifact concept are then reviewed, including culturally modified trees, patterns of vegetation growth and living populations having traits selected for by past human activity. Practical approaches are described by which archaeologists can approach these resources. Two case studies are presented from Virginia, one describing vegetation survey in a wooded landscape and one examining modern sheep populations to better understand eighteenth-century sheep. However, the techniques described could be applied anywhere in the world. I propose that vivifacts are best understood through the lens of the systems that create and maintain them. The common ground uniting all living things is that they are produced and maintained by systems, and it is the examination of these systems that can serve to create a unified archaeology of living things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the temporal dynamic of Korean Wave (also known as Hallyu) as an online entertainment consumption and emotions experienced in the first five-month period during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused cities across the globe to regulate restrictions of social distancing and mobility. Previous studies suggest that city lockdowns may lead to public health problems due to restriction on human interaction. This study aims to examine the changing pattern of online entertainment consumption and how it was impacted by consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses Google's trend data to examine the dynamics of search terms and Natural language processing (NLP) model using twitter's text data to analyse cultural consumption and emotional analysis. The study reveals an increasing trend in search terms related to the Korean Wave during the lockdown. Simultaneously, the text analysis of tweets showed that positive experiences occurred three-fold compared to negative experiences, suggesting happiness and joy were received with the cultural consumption. The study highlights the possibility of employing user-generated data, such as that of Google and Twitter, as an alternative source to understand the behaviour and wellbeing of the urban population for both urban and media studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a theoretical model of judicial decision- making that Integrates Individual-level focal concerns perspective with the contextual influences of racial threat. Relying upon a large sample of felony court data, the study examines the interaction between court context, Individual offense/offender characteristics and corresponding sentencing outcomes. Findings suggest that courts processing a high volume of threatening populations are more likely to sentence defendants to prison and Impose sentences of greater length than courts that process a relatively low volume of threatening populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the accomplishment of Cheryl and Nikki Bart, mother and daughter, of scaling the summit of Mt. Everest, which became a topic at the "Australia 2020 Summit." It provides the author's narrative and personal story of attending and participating in the said summit. It explores the way in which women were included in and excluded from the processes, content and discussions of the event, in the hope that the analysis may assist in formulating ways to enhance effective strategic thinking, policy development and service delivery which specifically addresses the needs of and opportunities for women in Australia over the next decade and beyond. Related issues are further duscussed.

The following is an analysis of the relationship between structural antecedents of social disorganization and violent crime in rural Appalachia. Findings are supportive of the generalizability of social disorganization theory to these rural counties, but not through the same causal mechanisms found in urban environments. Specifically, residential instability and ethnic heterogeneity are not predictive of violent crime in rural Appalachia. Poverty, population density, and the proportion of renter-occupied housing are, however, strong and consistent predictors of violent crime across models. In addition, poverty was found to be inversely related to rape. Reasons for such findings, along with recommendations for future studies, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest tree had become beneficial as the major source of raw materials for paper production. However, the main concern is the dwindling forest tree resources. Fibre substitution from non-wood sources can overcome this problem. The abundance of napier grass is characterized as agro waste material, and has a high potential to become one of the substitution fibres. The objective of this work was to analyse the chemical composition of napier grass and to investigate the morphological properties of napier grass fibre. The chemical composition of the fibre was analysed by the TAPPI test method, chlorination method and Kuchner-Hoffner method. The results indicate the potential of napier grass as a fibre. The napier grass morphology showed a condensed composition of fibre structure under a scanning electron microscope. This study of napier grass indicated the suitability for promoting the green technology in developing an eco-friendly product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offers suggestions several functions and uses of the Internet for writing college-level term papers. Introduction to term-paper writing; Details on the function of the Internet; Opportunities provided by the Internet. INSETS: Internet Services;GeoRef.

The article presents information on a briefing paper which explains why professional teachers of the arts disciplines in the U.S. have continued to deal with problems of justification for rigorous, sequential arts instruction. The paper was presented by eight groups including Music Educators National Conference, National Art Education Association, National Dance Association, American Theatre Association, National Association of Schools of Music, National Association of Schools of Art and Design, National Association of Schools of Theatre and National Association of Schools of Dance.

A list of papers presented at the panel discussions held during the annual meeting of the Society for Ming Studies in Washington, D.C. on March 27, 1998 is presented which includes "The Placement of Local Magistrates in Ming China," by Thomas G. Nimick, "The Development of the Yangming Fellowship of Jiangxi," by Kandice J. Hauf and "Elite culture and the New Aspect of Painting in Early Seventeenth-Century Nanjing," by Chung-lan Wang.

A list of conference papers related to the Ming dynasty in China presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) in Chicago, Illinois from March 13-16, 1997 is provided, which includes "Why Study the Ming as a Dynasty," "Ming Social History," and "The Study of the Ming Economy."

The article presents the volume 18, special issue of the number 3, 2016 on the journal, highlighting the special issue concerning big data analytics.

While individuals living near or on archaeological sites have frequently been hired around the world to dig on archaeological excavations, they have very rarely participated in the recording or documentation of those excavations. They have played even less of a role in designing the structures of either paper or electronic data management systems. In this paper, I describe some potential gaps in the archaeological record as a result of this exclusion, by detailing some ways that the communities at Çatalhöyük, Turkey and Petra, Jordan have developed highly situated forms of knowledge about these archaeological sites due to their proximities to them. I also argue that "proximity" inculcates not only forms of knowledge about an archaeological site, but also, under certain conditions, an important means of sharing knowledge between archaeologists and the communities who live where we work. I contrast proximity to the expansiveness of big data, and question whether it is possible and even preferable to imagine ways of integrating local, proximate perspectives into the rubric of big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studio model of art instruction remains dominant in art education despite perceived needs for change and numerous proposed alternatives. The failure of other instructional models to be adopted, the theory-practice schism in art education, and the character of art teacher recruitment may be related to the economics of art studio materials. The investment of art supply companies in a range of highly visible promotional activities appears to reinforce the status quo. An informal, mutually supportive edifice has been constructed between pedagogy and economics, with the studio model of instruction providing psychic security to the art teacher and monetary rewards to the art supplier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the highlights of the 48th annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies held in Honolulu, Hawaii from April 11-14, 1996. Jingyuan Zhang of Georgetown University was the chairman of a panel on "Narrating the Empire: Literature, Culture, and the Body Politic in Early Modern China." Meanwhile Stephen H. West of the University of California-Berkeley was the chairman of a panel "In Honor of James I. Crump's Contribution to the Study of Yuan Drama, Part 1: Lust, Desire, and Love in Yuan Drama."

The article focuses on the contradictions of "Chicago Daily Socialist," a newspaper maintained by socialists in Chicago, Illinois from October 1906 to December 1912. It states that while strong influence was exerted by the Socialist party and readers on the editorial stance of the daily, its management was never controlled by them. It says that in 1906, when the daily started publication, the Czech socialist "Spravedlnost" and the German anarchist "Arbeiter-Zeitung" were published in Chicago. It mentions that for most of the daily's existence, it boasted itself for not only defending and representing the working class' interests, but for being written, published, and financed by the workers themselves.

Analyzes three newspapers in Toronto, Ontario as to its treatment of the issue of abortion. Newspapers as the agents of the reconfiguration of power; Differences in the bias of the `Globe and Mail', the `Toronto Sun' and `The Toronto Star'; Reluctance theory.

Submission by 31st July 2021 The relationship between pragmatism and critical realism is open to many interpretations. The situation is complicated by the diversity of pragmatist perspectives and indeed the variety of interpretations of critical realism. Papers are invited for a special issue of I Journal of Critical Realism i which examine any aspect of the relationship between pragmatism and critical realism, from any disciplinary perspective. [Extracted from the article]

Research in palliative care is regarded as ethically challenging although there is increasing recognition that such research is important. Young adults with life-shortening conditions were not expected to reach adulthood but this population is growing and there is limited research that focuses on their lives or their experiences of engaging in research. The study explored the unintended consequences of pandemic control measures on the lives of young adults living with life-shortening conditions in the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on some of the methodological issues arising from this study, drawing on data that explores participants' experiences of taking part. This is an interpretivist and inclusive qualitative study co-produced with three experts by experience using constructivist Grounded Theory method conducted during the first wave of the Coronavirus pandemic. In-depth interviews using a topic guide were transcribed verbatim and analysed iteratively until the point of data saturation. Twenty-six young adults aged 22–40 (17 female; 9 male), reporting a wide range of life-limiting and/or life-threatening conditions including rare and undiagnosed conditions and co-morbidities. Through analysis we identify four key themes focusing on participants' experiences of taking part in the research: helping others and influencing change; reciprocity and support; therapeutic value; and (in)visibility and legacy. This paper offers methodological reflections on research in palliative care drawing on qualitative co-produced research involving young adults with life-shortening conditions. Our findings indicate that although participating in research can feel uncomfortable, this is outweighed by the perceived benefits of contributing to research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypnotherapy combined with cognitive therapy is an effective way to intervene anxiety problems, which also responds to the call that using hypnotherapy to treat somatic disorders should become a trend in the future. This paper constructs an evaluation index of the intervention effect of cognitive hypnotherapy on anxiety patients, and then uses neural network to evaluate its effect. At last, we have completed the following work: 1) This paper constructs the theoretical basis related to this topic after searching and sorting out the related literature on anxiety disorders and hypnotherapy at home and abroad. 2) This paper constructs the evaluation index system of the intervention effect of cognitive hypnotherapy on anxiety patients, and then introduces the basic principle and structure of DBN model. 3) Experiments are used to determine the best values for the DBN model's parameters. To accomplish this, you will need to input the experimental data into the trained model and compare the evaluation results from experts with the model's predictions. The experimental findings of this study demonstrate the great accuracy of the DBN model presented in this work for assessing the effectiveness of cognitive combination hypnotherapy for anxiety disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boundary walls are neglected but important parts of historic urban environments, and they are often prone to serious deterioration. Understanding moisture and salt dynamics within boundary walls can help infer the causes and dynamics of deterioration. This investigation investigates the patterns of moisture, salt, and deterioration on a 300 year old limestone boundary wall in Worcester College, Oxford. Multiple methods to assess moisture and salts within and across the wall (electrical resistivity tomography, handheld resistivity-based moisture meter, paper pulp poultices, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and ion chromatography of small scale sampling of deteriorated limestone) were used in conjunction with decay mapping of both sides of the wall. The salt weathering strongly correlates with severely weathered zones at the wall and salts, mainly sulfates, seem to be the main agent of decay processes. The combined results demonstrate that the environmental influences driving stone decay can differ on a very small scale even at a comparatively simple structure like a boundary wall, and that repairs can have adverse effects if the patterns of salt and moisture dynamics are not sufficiently known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine whether Subjective Interpretation of paper markings is a reliable method for identifying the relative occlusal force content of tooth contacts. METHODOLOGY: 295 clinicians selected the 'Most Forceful' and 'Least Forceful' occlusal contacts in six occlusal-view photographs of articulating paper marks that were later compared against computerized occlusal analysis relative occlusal force measurements of the same tooth contacts. Means and standard deviations were calculated by years in clinical practice and by number of occlusion courses taken. A Chi-square analysis was also performed. RESULTS: The mean correct for 295 participant dentists was 1.53 (+/- 1.234). There were no significant differences found for years in practice (P>0.16) or number of occlusion courses taken (P>0.75). The Chi-square analysis showed a sensitivity of 12.6%, a specificity of 12.4%, a positive predictive value of 12.58%, and a negative predictive value of 12.42%. Chance was calculated at 12.5% correct. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective Interpretation is an ineffective clinical method for determining the relative occlusal force content of tooth contacts. The reported low scores obtained from a large group of participant dentists suggest clinicians are unable to reliably differentiate high and low occlusal force from looking at articulating paper marks. This longstanding method of visually observing articulating paper marks for occlusal contact force content should be replaced with a measurement-based, objective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author argues that the different dimensions and complexities of volunteer tourism need further examination throughout a wide field of theory. He says that he used the practice of international youth development and ecotourism to develop the context of volunteer tourism. He adds that structuration theory can constrain the thoughts and actions of individuals if the notion of the duality of structure is to be accepted. He also comments on the paper entitled "Building a Decommodified Research Paradigm in Tourism: The Contribution of NGOs," which discusses the dominance of Western neo-liberal free market paradigms in the tourism research agenda.

To evaluate the effect of the management system on soil quality, chemical and biological properties were measured in soils (0–20 cm depth) from Japanese plum orchards managed under organic and conventional conditions. The experiment was conducted between 2005 and 2014 in orchards established at the agricultural research station at Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain. Overall, the soil chemical parameters in the organic orchard showed higher concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, available P and Mg. There was a trend of higher concentrations of K and Na, though for these elements the differences were significant only in two and one years, respectively. Similarly, concentrations of Mn and Zn tended to be higher in the organic plots, whereas contradictory trends were shown for Fe and Cu. No differences were found between the treatments for other physicochemical parameters such as pH and electrical conductivity. Regarding soil biological properties, the organic system was characterised with a significantly greater abundance of bacteria and fungi compared with the conventional system. The rhizobia population and the legume biomass were also higher in the organic orchard and the plants had more nodules. Likewise, the number of earthworms was higher in the organic system. The results showed that long-term organic management, including the use of cover crops and compost, resulted in a significant shift of the chemical and biological characteristics of the soil compared with the conventional management practice, thus improving soil quality and suggesting that organic farming may provide a potential solution to achieve sustainable agricultural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the seven resilience strategies identified in the previous paper entitled "Stockpiling as Resilience," this study offers an update on the previous study 1 year later with interviews with the same households. The first paper was the result of interviews with 19 households held between April and May 2020 across the UK, and explored how these households managed lack of access to food during the COVID-19 lockdowns. This paper presents the same participants' experiences following the UK lockdowns in the context of the sharp rise in the cost-of-living in the UK Taken together, both phases of interviews bring into clear relief the influences affecting the UK food system, one characterized by increasing inaccessibility of food. This follow-up paper establishes that four of seven resilience strategies are still actively used, whereas three have become unnecessary. Two further themes are made salient in the interview data: weight management and convenience. Overall, this paper acts as a preliminary investigation into strategies that households are likely to utilize in the coming months and years in the context of the cost-of-living crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the social construction of place through a close analysis of the language used in online reviews to describe migrant-owned or -serving restaurants and their neighborhoods in Charlotte, NC. Through analysis of more than 2,000 online reviews of 16 restaurants across multiple platforms, we found that online restaurant reviews are key sites in which discourse about particular social groups and spaces is brought forth. In particular, through racialized narratives that rely on descriptions of lack, depictions of danger, and stereotypes, urban imaginaries are constructed that enable remaking Latin American neighborhoods. We further argue that reproducing such urban imaginaries serves to devalue migrant neighborhoods through presenting them as places that do not match modern city aspirations. This paper contributes to literature in food studies, urban geography, and rhetoric by examining the ways that digital food grammars pave the way for remaking migrant neighborhoods in emerging migrant gateway cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In advanced nuclear power systems, structure materials have compatibility problems with lead-bismuth eutectic coolants such as liquid metal corrosion, and the corrosion failure behavior of the circulation pump is one of the main causes of nuclear safety accidents. Specifically, this paper reviews the failure behavior of the main pump in a flowing lead-bismuth environment for a prolonged period, alongside the prediction of the impeller blade's fatigue life. The development process and main structure of the nuclear reactor are introduced, and the failure behavior and influencing factors of the impeller blade of the main pump are discussed in detail. This paper also provides an in-depth analysis of material composition, oxygen content, temperature, corrosion time, relative velocity, and coating, to identify the failure reason and mechanism of the structural components featuring austenitic stainless steel as the main material. Finally, the fatigue life of the impeller and its prediction model are described from the perspective of fatigue failure, and the reliability analysis of fatigue life prediction is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the fast pace of construction development, with a consistent increase in the volume of traffic, both road and rail traffic in developing countries like India, which are constrained by the limitation of land availability, especially in built-up or urban areas, lateral expansion in transport facilities has become increasingly challenging. Under such circumstances, vertical expansion through the construction of long flyovers or elevated structures is the most viable solution to meet traffic demand. Road and railway bridges are complex structures by nature with respect to their design and construction requirements based on a high level of knowledge, expertise and experience. Hence, some structural failures are taking place even during the construction stage of bridges owing to material quality issues as well as human error, to name but a few of the causes. This paper presents three case studies related to the investigation process and the primary cause(s) of the collapse of three different precast concrete post-tensioned segmental concrete (PSC) box girder bridges in India, with the corresponding lessons learnt and proposed recommendations. This paper covers issues relating to the investigation of the reasons leading to the failures of three precast concrete PSC box girders and a few suggestions for remedial measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IABSE Task Group 5.1 on Forensic Structural Engineering aims to examine and to mitigate structural failures by sharing knowledge of technical, human and organizational causes of failure, in addition to methods and techniques in forensic investigation processes. Forensic engineering expertise has yet to be recognized worldwide as a specific domain of civil engineering practice, and this paper amends previously published technical reports in 2012, 2014 and 2015 by former IABSE Working Group 8 following a new survey carried out in 2020–2022. This new survey has been developed with the lessons learnt from the previous survey in 2013–2014, including the validation of the results obtained by eliminating potential subjectivity in the former assessment. This survey also includes further understanding of the institutional and national regulatory framework. The survey was completed by 22 IABSE member countries whose responses were provided by national experts on forensic structural engineering. This paper will allow the reader to familiarize him/herself with the state of the art in forensic structural engineering practice across 22 countries, allowing a national-level diagnosis. The survey will also help to identify the main challenges within each country related to forensic engineering. Furthermore, recommended steps, as suggested by the national experts, for the awareness and/or development of good industry practice within forensic structural engineering are highlighted in this paper. Online supplemental data for this article can be accessed at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In preliminary engineering studies and equipment commissioning, readily available simulants with certain resemblances to the target waste, such as particle size, may be employed. However, for the validation of engineering processes, it is crucial to use simulants that closely replicate the physical and flow characteristics of the waste material, typically excluding radioactivity. The production of such simulants can entail significant costs. To facilitate the development of novel engineering solutions, the U.S. Department of Energy provided a nonradioactive alumina calcine simulant. This simulant was utilized to demonstrate a hot isostatic press (HIP) canister-filling system designed by Gravitas Technologies in Australia. The simulant was synthesized through a fluidized-bed calcination process, which mirrored the chemistry and procedure employed for the actual alumina Idaho calcine waste material. Consequently, the simulant exhibited physical properties akin to the actual calcine, including particle size distribution, bulk density, and flow properties. This first paper, Part 1, presents the powder characterization test results determined by a Freeman FT-4 rheometer and the calibration methods that determined a set of unique contact model parameters for dynamically simulating Idaho calcine simulant in a discrete element method (DEM) model. The second paper, Part 2, will present the dynamic simulations of two bulk material-handling scenarios in a full-scale, three-dimensional integrated HIP canister-filling system. The predicted results are compared with historical experimental results for validating the contact model. The contact model, which represents the particle-particle and particle-boundary interactions, was calibrated according to experimental data obtained from six calibration tests. This work aims to support future research with powder characterization experimental data and a calibrated DEM contact model to assist in developing processes for the safe handling and treatment of Idaho calcine waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]