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Three kinds of commercial ink-jet printing paper were taken as the research objects, which were represented by sample A, sample B and sample C respectively. Sample A and sample C were domestic products Abbott and Jiayi, and sample B was foreign product Gulou. The structure and composition of the three sample coatings were determined, and the surface properties of the three coatings were analyzed. This helps to understand the performance status of inkjet paper products on the market, and has guiding significance for the study of various factors affecting the performance of inkjet paper coatings. AFM and SEM were used to observe the surface morphology of the three samples. It was found that the coating pigment particles of sample A and sample B had good dispersion uniformity, and the coating pigment particles of sample C aggregated and the dispersion uniformity was poor. The results of cross-section SEM and EDS analysis show that only sample B coating has a double-layer structure, in which the bottom layer is aluminum-based pigment and silicon-based pigment, and the surface layer is only aluminum-based pigment. The coatings of sample A and sample C are single-layer aluminum-based materials. The properties of the coating surface of the three samples were analyzed. The results showed that the basic properties of the three samples met the product quality standards. Among them, the coating of sample B had the highest gloss (74.30%), hardness (3H) and water resistance. In terms of ink absorption, the ink absorption of sample B coating (64.7%) was higher than that of sample C (57.9%), slightly lower than that of sample A (69.2%). Sample B had the best comprehensive performance among the three samples. Finally, a double-layer coating process scheme for improving the performance of inkjet printing paper is proposed, which provides a direction for improving the performance of inkjet printing paper and has practical significance for the research of advanced inkjet printing paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the iron-carbon microelectrolysis technology to carry out in-depth treatment of waste paper and pulp wastewater, the optimal process parameters were determined based on single factor experiments. In addition, the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the process parameters by analyzing the experimental results. Under the optimized conditions, the excita1tion-emission-matrix spectra and GC-MS were used to analyze the water quality of the treated wastewater. The results showed that the optimal treatment conditions of iron-carbon microelectroly1sis process were initial pH=3.0, filler addition amount 255g L-1, reaction time 120 min, aeration amount 0.9 L min-1, and the COD removal efficiency was 32. 14% under these conditions; the maximum predicted value of COD removal rate calculated under the optimal process conditions was 34.57% from the response surface analysis, which was basically consistent with the experimental results. The results of excitation-emission-matrix spectra analysis showed that the iron-carbon micro1electrolysis process was effective in degrading humic acid and fulvic acid in waste paper and paper wastewater, and GC-MS analysis showed that the relative content of eicosanoids in wastewater was reduced from 43.31% to 4.79% of the original water after the iron-carbon microelectrolysis treat1ment, but a small amount of new pollutants were generated at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of 7 metal elements in 49 kinds of cigarettes composed of 5 kinds of tobacco and 10 kinds of cigarette paper was determined by flame atomic absorption method, the effects of the combination of tobacco and cigarette paper on cigarette tar content were analyzed from four aspects: composition of tobacco, conventional chemical composition, metal element content and parameters of cigarette paper. By constructing a cigarette sample system with co-variation of cigarette tobacco and cigarette paper, the joint effect and relative importance of the two on the tar content were studied. The results show that: The combination of tobacco and cigarette paper was an important factor affecting the tar content, which together explained 81.9% of the variation of tar content, and the effect of tobacco was greater than that of cigarette paper, which explained 48.6% of the variation of tar content. The sodium content in the cut tobacco was positively correlated with the tar content, while the magnesium, manganese and potassium were negatively correlated with the tar content. The influence of cigarette paper parameters on the amount of tar content is interactive, but the trend and degree of its influence are affected by the parameters in the tobacco. In the covariant system of tobacco and cigarette paper, tobacco is the main factor affecting the amount of tar content, and cigarette paper is the secondary factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of flexible electronics industry, the conventional PET, PEN and other plastic substrates are unable to satiate the requirement due to higher cost and low light extraction efficiency. Paper has broad prospects as a flexible substrate due to its wide access, low-cost and thinness. In this paper, we integrated epoxy resin into sulfuric acid paper to fabricate a new type of substrate: plastic-paper. The plastic-paper has excellent optical properties, mechanical properties as well as water and chemical stability, as found through testing. Results show that the surface flatness and wettability of the paper are improved by the application of epoxy resin coating. The plastic-paper has a high optical transmittance up to 88.25%, reaching the same level with PET substrate. And the plastic-paper also has a high transmittance haze of 62.9%, which is far higher than PET substrate. The plastic-paper has a tensile strength up to 108.4 MPa, along with excellent water and chemical stability. Successful fabrication the organic light-emitting device on the plastic-paper surface and emitted uniform light based on the principle of light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), under atmospheric condition. The best device performance with a maximum luminance of 396. 2 cd m-2, a maximum current efficiency of 0.64 cd A-1, which is 2.9 times higher than that of PET substrates, providing more excellent optoelectronic properties. The developed plastic-paper with high optical transmittance and high optical haze holds a great potential in flexible optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huanma paper-cut is the representation of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage masterpieces of Sichuan province. In recent years, Huanma Town in Cangxi County of Sichuan Province has continuously explored and trans⁃ formed traditional techniques into a cultural industry, seeking a market for the development of Huanma paper-cutting industry and realizing the transformation of the industrial structure of“prospering the town with culture and promoting literature with classics”. At present, Huanma’s paper-cutting inheritance work faces problems such as insufficient follow-up, fewer papercut inheritance craftsmen, lack of in-depth theoretical research and deviations in development positioning. In the period of rural revitalization, the protection project of Huanma paper-cut should start from improving the“intangible cultural heritage”man⁃ agement mechanism, cultivating and protecting the inheritors of paper-cutting skills, increasing the promotion of intangible cul⁃ tural heritage, creating a market brand of paper-cutting culture, and strengthening the construction of paper-cutting schoolbased courses, etc. Aspects of systematic construction, so as to promote its sound development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional paper dyes are easy to fade under photothermal conditions, in contrast. waterborne organic pigments have excellent tinctorial strength and high light and weather resistance, which can meet the requirements of highend paper yarn to coloring efficacy and light fastness of the colorants. However, the lack of chemical and hydrogen bonds between organic pigment particles and plant fibers, and the pigments are difficult to fix in the structure of the paper. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF/TOCNF) were used as the primary skeleton network and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) macromolecules were used as the secondorder reinforcement network, together construct a multilevel gradient network to enclose and fix organic pigment particles. The dispersion and fixation of the pigment particles are realized by double coating. The results show that the coloring efficacy and colorfastness of the paper yarn base paper can be improved significantly by using the gradient network to fix the pigment particles, and has a positive effect on improving the strength and roughness of the paper. This study has an important role in solving the problem of coloring technology in the production of high-end paper yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 479 government procurement contract announcement and 402 original contract texts for paper resources were collected and sorted from the "Government Procurement Contract Announcement System" of the China government procurement network in Double First-Class university libraries. Through statistical and textual analysis, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of government procurement contracts for paper resources in double-class university libraries. It examines the overall situation and key terms of these contracts, identifies existing problems, and incorporates the latest laws, regulations, and business practices. It presents several optimization suggestions for the standardized management of government procurement contracts for paper resources in university libraries in China. These suggestions include: standardizing the process of signing and announcing contract information, avoiding the indiscriminate application of contract model text, strengthening the compliance review of contract amount/ price terms, refining product quality service standards and breach of contract liability terms, clearly stipulating settlement and payment terms, and refining the performance acceptance terms. These suggestions aim to provide a useful reference for improving the management of government procurement contracts in university libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microcrystalline cellulose/thermoplastic starch (MCC/TPS) film was prepared by melt extrusion method, and the MCC/TPS film was combined with paper by hot pressing method. The results show that the SEM images show that the interface layer of paper-plastic composite has good adhesion. When the addition a-mount of MCC is 5wt%, the mechanical properties of TPS film are improved, and the path of water vapor through TPS film is extended, resulting in the water vapor transmittability of MCC/TPS/paper composite is reduced, and the barrier properties of paper-plastic composite are improved. TPS/paper composites and MCC/ TPS/paper composites have better physical properties (i.e. smoothness, flexibility and folding resistance) than paper alone. Therefore, the addition of MCC can improve the barrier properties and mechanical properties of paper-plastic composite materials to meet the requirements of the food packaging industry for low water sensitive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to consider the influence of thermal radiation and winding insulation paper on the temperature field of transformer natural convection in practice, a physical calculation model of transformer hot-spot and temperature-rise including gasket, insulation paper cylinder, pressing plate, winding insulation paper and black body thermal radiation was established based on an oil immersed transformer SSZ20- 63000/ 110. The influence of thermal radiation and winding insulation paper on the temperature field of transformer natural convection was studied through a finite element method. The results show that in the case of natural convection, thermal radiation will make the winding temperature of hot-spot and temperature-rise slightly, while the winding surface insulating paper will make the winding temperature of hot-spot and temperature-rise significantly. The thermal radiation will not affect the distribution of hot-spot, while the winding insulation paper will make the distribution of hot-spot move down. Although the thermal radiation has little effect on the temperature of hot-spot of the winding, it has a greater effect when considered together with the winding insulating paper. It can be seen that the thermal radiation and winding insulation layer should not be ignored in the simulation calculation, otherwise the difference with the actual value is too large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the effect of macular pollutants on the release of pyrolytic products from cigarette paper, and provide a method basis for the classification of macular pollutants. [Method] The pyrolytic particulate matter of different cigarette papers was captured by a self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device. The differences in pyrolytic components of different cigarette paper samples were analyzed by using GC-MS. And the classification of macular pollutants was achieved using principal component and cluster analysis based on the differences in pyrolytic products. [Result] The different pollutants changed the microscopic surface morphology of cigarette paper fibers. And the pyrolytic products chromatograms of all the contaminated cigarette papers exhibited a similarity of less than 0.417 when compared with that of blank cigarette papers. A total of 78 kinds of pyrolytic products were detected in the blank cigarette papers, including ketones, phenols, benzene derivatives, aldehydes, furans, alcohols, heterocycles and other chemicals, etc. Moreover, the pyrolytic products released from contaminated cigarette paper not only had common components with blank cigarette paper, but also had many unique pyrolysis components, and there were significant differences in the number and content distribution of various pyrolysis components. Specifically, after the contamination of Premalube red and Nordic grease, the phenolic compounds in the pyrolytic products significantly reduced from 36.07% to 5.58% and 8.32%, respectively. Meanwhile the release of hydrocarbons remarkably increased, but the composition and distribution of hydrocarbon substances exhibited significant differences. Flavor and sugar contaminants reduced the content of aldehydes, ketones, phenols, benzene rings and heterocyclic pyrolytic components in the pyrolytic products, but their own unique propylene glycol/glycerol solvents or esters could release to the particulate matter during the heating process through the evaporation. Principal component analysis based on pyrolytic products showed that cigarette papers contaminated with different pollutants could be effectively distinguished from the blank sample. Hierarchical clustering analysis also showed that samples contaminated with grease could be classified into one, and cigarette papers contaminated with flavor and sugar could be grouped into another one. [Conclusion] The results in the study would be beneficial for the classification and identification of macular pollutants source based on the differences in pyrolytic products that were captured by self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device and analyzed by multiple statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the uncertainty of market demand, the uncertainty of the number of returned products and the risk of facility interruption, the carbon quota policy and the construction of new energy facilities are taken as the key factors affecting the decision-making. A dual-objective robust optimization model with minimum total cost and carbon emissions of supply chain network is established, and a Prim-NSGA II algorithm is designed to solve the model. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by comparing with the IGD and SM indexes of the traditional NSGA II algorithm. The optimal network planning scheme under different uncertainties and the management countermeasures under different parameters are obtained. The results show that the algorithm achieves the purpose of accelerating the convergence speed and maintaining the diversity of the population. It is verified that the robust optimization model can realize the comprehensive improvement of the robustness, economic and environmental benefits of the closed-loop supply chain network, and provide decision-making basis for decision makers to formulate specific carbon emission reduction schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional federated learning faces challenges such as high communication costs, structural heterogeneity,and insufficient privacy protection. To address these issues, this paper proposes a federated learning evolutionary algorithm that applies sparse evolutionary training algorithm to reduce communication costs and integrates local differential privacy protection for participants’ privacy. Additionally, it utilizes the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm to optimize the network structure and sparsity of the global federated learning model, adjusting the relationship between data availability and privacy protection. This achieves a balance between the effectiveness, communication costs, and privacy of the global federated learning model. Experimental results under unstable communication environments demonstrate that, on the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, compared to the solution with the lowest error rate using the FNSGA-Ⅲ algorithm, the proposed algorithm improves communication efficiency by 57. 19% and 52. 17%, respectively. The participants also achieved（3. 46, 10-4） and（6. 52, 10-4）-local differential privacy. This algorithm can effectively reduce communication costs and protect participant privacy without significantly compromising the accuracy of the global model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the effects of cationic starch（CS） as a reinforcing agent and a binary reinforcement system with nanocellulose（NC） on the reinforcement of recycled paper produced from old corrugated cartons（OCC）. To determine an appropriate dosage of CS, we examined the effects of CS dosage on the performance of OCC recycled paper. Further, using the optimal dosage identified, the effects of its addition on the performance of OCC recycled paper were investigated by adding NC to form a binary reinforcement system. The strengthening mechanism of the CS-NC binary composite system was examined based on a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. The results revealed that CS（1.5%） had the best enhancement effect on OCC recycled paper, with burst, tensile, and tear strengths of hand sheets being increased by 17.62%, 18.18%, and 22.93%, respectively, and air permeability being decreased by 28.55%, compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found that combined treatments with 1.5% CS and NC all enhanced the performance of OCC, with optimal effects being observed when NC was added at a 1% concentration. Compared with the improvements obtained with the sole addition of 1.5% CS, the combined treatment was found to increase the burst, tensile, and tear strengths of OCC recycled paper by a further 5.11%, 11.54%, and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced air permeability by 12.58%. The findings of FTIR analysis revealed that CS can bind to pulp fibers, and that the addition of NC increases the number of hydrogen bonds, thereby facilitating a tighter bonding between fibers. Moreover, SEM observations of the microscopic morphology of the surface of recycled paper indicated that the CS-NC binary system can contribute to a more compact and tighter inter-fiber bonding. In addition, the TG analysis results revealed that by enhancing fiber cross-linking, the CS-NC treatment could increase thermal degradation of the remaining residue of OCC recycled paper to up to 600°C. Our findings in this study indicate that treatment with a combination of CS and NC can significantly enhance the performance of OCC recycled paper. We believe that our results would provide a valuable reference for the repeated recycling of OCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a research-oriented comprehensive chemistry experiment project. Specifically, a fluorometric sensor based on a nickel nanocluster (NiNC)-europium complex (denoted as NiNCs-Eu3+) was developed for the detection of tetracyclines (TCs). This experiment includes the preparation and characterization of NiNCs-Eu3+, performance analysis of the response to TCs, construction of the paper-based sensor, and investigation of its visual identification. Overall, this "visible" integrated chemistry experiment is expected to promote the development of comprehensive experimental skills and research capabilities of students because it involves a strongly comprehensive process and simple operation and exhibits high feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living standard of our people is improving, the demand of residents for meat, eggs and milk continues to grow rapidly, livestock production is facing various opportunities and challenges, the scale of livestock and poultry feeding is expanding, and the demand for feed continues to grow. The development of domestic livestock production is relatively lagging behind, one of the important reasons is the lack of quality feed supply, and China can be used as feed for about 1 000 kinds of woody plants, 20% of the woody plant production for feed processing, its annual output can be equivalent to three times the national grain feed, therefore, the development of woody feed resources, to expand the supply of feed for animal husbandry, promote agriculture, animal husbandry economy is of great significance. The article reviews the application status and progress of three woody feeds in livestock production, namely, mulberry, paper mulberry and elm leaves, and analyzes their nutritional values, anti-nutritional factors and their feeding effects in livestock production, aiming to provide reference for the development and application of domestic woody feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final exam is a very important part of the course teaching quality evaluation. Therefore, we analyzed the final examination paper of analytical chemistry 1 in our university. Then, we discussed the problems existing in the course, and formed the strategic thinking on the curriculum reform. Furthermore, we analyzed the elements of paper generation and quality assurance of the final exam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking demi-slim cigarettes as the research object, the effects of ash content, air permeability, quantity, the content of combustion aids and the ratio of potassium to sodium on the release of tar and other two routine smoke components from cigarette paper were studied by uniform design method. The relative deviation between the measured release and the box standard value was converted into the coincidence degree and the influence of cigarette paper parameters on the coincidence degree of smoke composition was studied. The results showed that the cigarette paper with high ash content, high quantity, high content of combustion-supporting agent, high ratio of potassium to sodium, and medium and high permeability was beneficial to reduce the release of components of conventional cigarette smoke, and the influence trend was basically consistent with that of conventional cigarette. The conformity degree was beneficial to comparing the control level of different box-marked cigarettes and different components of cigarette smoke. The factors affecting the conformity degree of various components of cigarette smoke were basically consistent with the release amount, but the trend was different, and the influence of cigarette paper parameters on the conformity degree of components of cigarette smoke had its unique regularity. It could provide a boundary for the optimization of cigarette paper parameters and improve other cigarette qualities more efficiently while ensuring the conformity of cigarette components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore the nutritional value of sea buckthorn by-products and the antibacterial effects of their extracts on Escherichia coli. The experiment employed the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate method to determine flavonoid content, while alcohol extraction and water extraction methods were used to extract active substances from sea buckthorn by-products. The antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn by-product extracts on Escherichia coli were investigated by the filter paper method, perforation method, and broth dilution method. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) content of sea buckthorn by-products was 97.98%, ash content was 3.41%, crude protein (CP) content was 12.87%, and crude fat (EE) content was 22.48%. With the increase of sea buckthorn by-product addition, gas production showed a decreasing trend. Among alcohol extraction and water extraction methods, the constant broth dilution method exhibited the best antibacterial effect. In the alcohol extraction method, the filter paper method showed good antibacterial effect with an inhibition zone of 14.6 mm. In the water extraction method, the filter paper method did not exhibit a significant inhibition zone, and the perforation method was not significant in both alcohol extraction and water extraction methods. The study suggests that sea buckthorn by-products have rich nutritional value, and alcohol extraction is more effective in inhibiting Escherichia coli compared to water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study preliminarily investigated the evaluation method for the impermeability of heated tobacco paper (abbreviated as heated tobacco paper) based on the static contact angle of the common liquid in heated tobacco (glycerin, water, a mixture of glycerol and water), investigated the influence of air permeability and surface treatment on the impermeability of heated tobacco paper, and explored the feasible method to replace the traditional grease resistance determination of heated cigarette paper. These results showed that with the increase of the air permeability of the heated tobacco paper, the three liquid contact angles showed a decreasing trend which meant the impermeability of heated tobacco paper decreased; the contact angles of different liquid increased with the increase of SK3 coating amount, and the contact angle of glycerol was higher than that of water and glycerol water mixture ( mass ratio =1 : 1), which meant the method of contact angle could distinguish the heated tobacco paper with different impermeability; there was no significant difference between propylene glycol and Kit No. 3, propylene glycol ethanol mixture (mass ratio = 10 : 4) and Kit No. 5 solution in the contact angle results, and it was feasible to quantitatively evaluate the penetration resistance of heated tobacco paper by the contact angle method and replace the traditional grease resistance method with the contact angle of an appropriate test solution by choosing propylene glycol or a specific proportion of propylene glycol ethanol mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of papers downloaded represents the readers’ attention to the papers. In order to find out the characteristics of the number of papers downloaded, explore the general laws of high number of papers downloaded, and arouse the attention to the paper download, this paper takes 18 CSSCI journals in the field of library and information as an example, selects the top 100 papers in the number of downloaded journals as a sample, uses VOS viewer, COOC13.6 and SPSSPRO to analyze the age distribution, keyword co-occurrence, keyword evolution, key indicators and representative papers of papers, and furthermore discusses the selection and construction of evaluation indicators for single paper. The results show that the number of downloaded papers can timely reflect the short-term attention of papers, and the number of papers downloaded is related to publication time, research content and journal influence. The papers with high downloads have obvious characteristics in the above aspects, which brings new enlightenment for the scientific research and paper evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Interdisciplinary research can creatively solve complex problems in natural environment and human society through knowledge integration and penetration. With the increase of interdisciplinary research results, the evaluation of interdisciplinarity becomes increasingly necessary. How to establish an effective method for interdisciplinarity measurement and achieve a comprehensive measurement of scientific research papers is an urgent problem to be solved. [Method/Process] Based on the above background, this study takes the data of scientific research papers as the analysis source, deconstructs the interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers from multiple dimensions, constructs the feature set of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers, and on this basis proposes the method for measuring interdisciplinarity based on the adaptive method of machine learning, and conducts a comprehensive measurement of interdisciplinarity. This study has certain positive significance for researchers to understand the interdisciplinary papers in the field. The work process is as follows: First of all, the basic concepts of interdisciplinarity are sorted out and related concepts are discriminated, and the index of interdisciplinarity of different dimensions is analyzed. Based on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary research, the characteristic index of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers is extracted from three dimensions: subject attribute, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content. Secondly, an interdisciplinarity measurement method based on machine learning is constructed. By analyzing information gain and feature similarity of input indexes and data in feature sets, a feature selection calculation method based on adaptive feature selection is proposed, and the accuracy of feature classification is maximized by machine learning classifier. At the same time, the feature subset that can best express the interdisciplinary is selected based on the adaptive selection of the minimum number of features, and the selected adaptive feature set is used in the calculation of the interdisciplinary of the paper, and the results of the calculation of the original feature set are analyzed comprehensively. Finally, an empirical study was carried out in the field of plant nanobiotechnology to verify the effectiveness of the index system and adaptive feature selection listed above, identify and screen papers with high interdisciplinarity in the field, measure the interdisciplinarity of papers and identify key influencing factors based on the calculation of subject attributes, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content features. [Results/Conclusions] The main empirical results show that, among the subject attributes, the balance degree and the difference degree have a greater effect on the interdisciplinary evaluation. The overall effect of knowledge network topology structure features is satisfactory, the distribution breadth of knowledge integration text content features has a greater effect on interdisciplinary evaluation, and the calculation effect is further improved by fitness weighted summation of each feature. The results demonstrate that the adaptive feature selection proposed in this paper can effectively screen the interdisciplinary related feature indexes, improve the reliability of the results, and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth measurement of the interdisciplinary of scientific research papers. This measure method avoids the subjective defects that may occur in qualitative evaluation and the problems that different measure indicators may produce contradictory results. It provides a new idea and direction for interdisciplinary measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The film prepared from the paper-based material has the advantages of low cost, biodegradable, foldable. It exhibits good potential as the flexible substrate of the electronic device. However, the paper-based film is generally poorly resistant to water, and its mechanical properties are limited, which limits its development in the field of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, the water-resistant film was prepared by solvent casting with raw materials of tissue paper and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Glycerol was added as a plasticizer, and succinic acid was added as a water resistant modifier. The results showed that the PVA/paper-based film exhibited good water resistance with the addition of succinic acid of 20%. the mass loss rate of PVA/paper-based film after modification decreased by 25% from 30℃ to 150℃, and the tensile strength increased to 35 MPa. Interestingly, the modified film presented high optical transparency (88%) and high haze (86%) at 550 nm. The composite film shows potential applications in the field of optoelectronic devices such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) and solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using silver nanowires prepared by polyol method as conductive filler and kapok m i cro-fi brill at ed cellulose as carrier, the composite paper was prepared by vacuum filtration. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, four-probe tester and vector network analyzer, and the effects of silver nanowire content on their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness were investigated. The results showed that the silver nanowires as one kind of one-dimensional silver elemental nanomaterial, were uniformly distributed in the composite paper and formed an excellent conductive network. When 2.5wt% of silver nanowires were added to the pure cellulose paper, the electrical resistance of the paper dropped from 470.57 MD • cm to 1.26 mH • cm. When the concentration of silver nano wires was increased from 2.5 wt% to 1 Owt%, the conductivity of the paper increased from 793.65 S/cm to 3039.51 SZcm, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness increased from 38.1 dB to 61.5 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-three cigarette paper samples were selected as the research object. Headspace-gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) was used to detect their aroma components. The differences and changes of aroma components in different samples were analyzed based on fingerprint, and the stability of cigarette paper was evaluated by principal component analysis and chemical measurement method. The results showed that a total of 29 compounds were identified from different scented cigarette paper, and the alcohols and ketones were the most. The aromatic components of cigarette paper samples from different manufacturers had their own characteristic peak regions, showing obvious differences. The cumulative contribution rate of the principal components of cigarette paper was 84. 07%. Cigarette paper from different manufacturers could be distinguished according to the characteristic components. The method could analyze the difference of aromatic components among different scented cigarette paper, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for quality stability maintenance and identification of the products processed in different places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-precision mechanized seeding can greatly contribute to the vegetable production at present. In this study, a spotting glue-paper tape precision seeder was designed for the small seed vegetables, particularly combining the seed rope and printing seeding. Three components were also divided in the seeder, including the peristaltic pump glue, ratchet spotting glue, and seed metering device. Among them, the glue was a mixture of pregelatinized starch and water. Specifically, the glue volume and viscosity were the main factors affecting the number of adhered seeds. The glue point volume depended mainly on the rotation angle of the peristaltic pump during the movement. A pretest of seed adhesion was carried out to preliminarily determine the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water (less than 1:5), representing the glue viscosity. Furthermore, the frequency of pump and dispensing were analyzed to clarify the relationship between the peristaltic pump and ratchet speed, where the number of ratchet teeth was determined to be 4. As such, the matching was realized between the peristaltic pump and ratchet spotting glue. The ratchet profile was also designed, according to the spotting glue motion. A theoretical analysis was made on the movement of seeds in the seed guiding tube. It was found that the aggregation effect of seeds on the paper tape relied on the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, as well as the rotation speed of the socket wheel. The seed guiding tube was then optimized for the optimal structural parameters. A Box_Behnken test was also carried out, where the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, while the rotation speed of the socket wheel was taken as the test factors, whereas, the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was taken as the test index. The results showed that the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was 57.23%, when the length of the seed guiding tube was 56 mm, the section angle was 35°, and the rotation speed of the seed metering wheel was 30 r/min. An adhesion test was also performed on the Shanghai Qing 605 seeds with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 mm. The test factors were then selected as the roller angle of the peristaltic pump and the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water. An optimal combination of parameters was achieved, including the size of the glue point, and the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water. Once the roller rotation angle was 10° and the mass ratio of pre-gelatinized starch to water was 1:6, the single seed rate of glue point adhesion to seeds reached 97.4%. The adaptability test was also carried out on the whole machine on the working performance of different varieties of small seed vegetables. It was found that the single seed rates of Shanghai Qing 605 and Siji Chinese cabbage seeds were greater than 95% under the working speed of 0.5-1.5 m/s, whereas, the coefficient of variation of plant spacing was less than 10%, fully meeting the requirements of precision sowing indicators that specified in the standard NY/T1143-2006. Therefore, the single seed rate and the working efficiency of the improved seeder increased by 3.53%, and 50% than before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

50 nm ceramic membrane and 100 kD and 10 kD organic membrane were used to separate the reconstitution tobacco extract, the obtained fractions were analyzed by GC-MS analysis, principal component analysis of volatile components, evaluation cigarette paper flavoring, and particle composition analysis of flavoring cigarette smoke. The results showed that 68, 45, 45, 7 and 36 volatile components were detected in the unseparated component ( M0), 50 nm ceramic membrane interception component (M2), 100 kD organic membrane interception component ( M4), 10 kD organic membrane permeation component ( M5) and 10 kD organic membrane interception component ( M6), respectively, and the total volatile components were 1 109.03 µg/mL, 1 042. 14 µg/mL, 828. 02 µg/mL,92. 00 µg/mL,762. 42 µg/mL, widely existing in the five components were nicotine, 2,2'-meth-ylene bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylpheno. The unique components of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol and cis-1-(cyclohexylm-ethyl) -4-ethyl cyclohexane. The results of principal component analysis of M5 component were similar to M2 to a certain extent, but there were obvious differences with the other three components. The main components that affected the flavor of M5 were 2-ethylhexanol, cis-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-ethyl cyclohexane. When M5 were added to cigarette paper, the sensory evaluation effect of cigarette was the best, the phenolic, alkane and benzene components in the smoked significantly increased, and the individual flavor components ( such as methyl cyclopen-taenol ketone, (+)-vanorene, etc. ) also increased, which had a significant flavoring effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the effect of different concentrations of exogenous plant growth regulators on the growth and nutritional components of paper mulberry is of great significance for high-yield cultivation and popularization of paper mulberry. Hybrid paper mulberry seedlings were used as test materials, and three concentrations (150, 250, 350 mg/L) of plant growth regulators (GA3, DA-6, PP333 and 6-BA) were used to spray the whole plant, and then the growth indexes and nutrients were measured. The results showed that DA-6 and PP333 could promote the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM with a plant height of 73.13 cm, a stem diameter of 13.48 mm, the number of main stem nodes and branches were 32.00 and 11.67, and the DM was 97.69 g. GA3 significantly increased the plant height and average internode length of paper mulberry seedlings (P<0.05), and decreased stem diameter. 6-BA showed a slight inhibition on the growth of paper mulberry and the accumulation of DM. From the perspective of the effect on quality, the proportion of CP whole plant of paper mulberry treated with GA3 showed different degrees of increase, and this promoting effect decreased with the increase of application concentration. DA-6 and PP333 increased the proportion of NDF, ADF, ADL in the whole plant and TP of paper mulberry in different degrees. Among them, the paper mulberry treated with 250 mg/L PP333 had the highest TP, which was 16.27 g. All nutrients of paper mulberry treated with 6-BA were less than CK. The experiment indicates that the four plant growth regulators in the study had the following order: PP333 >DA-6 >GA3 > 6-BA. it is considered that spraying PP333 at 250 mg/L after 20 d of planting paper mulberry is conducive to cultivating strong paper mulberry and promoting the accumulation of DM and TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the establishment of the African Union, it has led and promoted the integration process of science and technology effectively in Africa in many aspects. However, there are no quantitative measurements of the results of scientific and technological cooperation. With the assistance of social network analysis, geospatial analysis, and negative binomial regression analysis, the topological and spatial structures of African scientific research paper cooperation net‐ works are carved based on a sample of 54 African countries' scientific research papers included in the WoS core collection from 2002 to 2019, while the influence of proximity on the structure of cooperation networks is explored. (1) Topologically, the research cooperation thesis output varies widely among African countries. The cooperation is closer among countries, and the cooperation network has higher cohesiveness and better network accessibility, showing typical small-world characteristics. (2) In terms of spatial structure, the spatial differences of the three main centrality indicators are obvious, the spatial morphological characteristics are distinctive, while the strength centrality has a large spatial variation and shows the spatial pattern of "one and only", whereas, and nodal betweenness centrality is distributed in a continuous block, the spatial distribution of nodal degree centrality is relatively uniform. (3)The negative binomial regression reveals that the research potential difference constitutes the driving force of the African scientific collaboration network, and the economic potential, and educational potential differences create barriers to research cooperation between countries. Cultural proximity and social proximity can significantly increase the probability of scientific research cooperation among African countries, while language proximity and geographical proximity are insignificant factors for African coun‐ tries in seeking paper co-authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The period from 2018 to now is a transitional period for the two editions of curriculum standards. In order to understand the consistency between the college entrance examination mathematics papers and the Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standard(2017 Edition) during the transition period, the paper uses the Webb consistency analysis model to analyse the national college entrance examination mathematics volume II(b) and the Ordinary High School Mathematics Curriculum Standard(2017 Edition) from 2018 to 2021. The results show that the four themes failed to reach the dimension of knowledge breadth in the fourth year, the themes of preparatory knowledge and probability and statistics were less consistent on the dimension of knowledge categories, and the themes of functions, geometry and algebra were less consistent on the dimension of knowledge depth. Thus, it can be sean that the 4-year test paper has problems such as uneven examination topics, the lack of extensive examination content, and the difference between the depth of the examination and the requirements of the course. Based on this, the paper has introduced the following suggestions: standardizing the mathematical questions of the college entrance examination based on scientific assessment theory; anchoring the mathematics curriculum standards to truly achieve consistency in teaching and testing; and exploring new ways of mathematical modeling assessment with the college entrance examination as the guide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the feasibility of directly processing paper-based ECG by using deep learning method, and to propose a method for identifying atrial fibrillation ( AF) from paper-based ECG rapidly and accurately. Methods The 12-lead ECG signals of 1 040 AF and 1 344 non-AF patients were selected from CPSC 2018 Challenge data, and were plotted as ECGs. These ECGs were printed out on papers, and rescanned into images. The paper-based ECGs with white background were obtained by a series of preprocessing. These paper-based ECGs were used to construct AF recognition dataset; the artificial intelligence algorithm (AIA) was trained, validated and tested using the real labels provided by the Challenge as the gold standard. Results The sensitivity, specificity and F1 score of the AIA based on paper-based ECGs are 0. 957, 0. 978 and 0. 969, respectively, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve is 0. 994. The Grad-CAM based feature visualization results show that in paper-based ECGs, the position of P wave and F wave at the onset of AF provide main references for the algorithm to identify AF, which is consistent with the ECG diagnostic criteria of AF in clinical practice. Conclusion The AF recognition algorithm based on paper-based ECGs shows good performance. The visualization results verify the high efficiency and feasibility of directly analyzing paper-based ECGs by using AIA, which could provide guidance for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With soft-touch, lightweight, excellent temperature resistance and insulating performance, aramid mica paper is widely used in special motors 'transformers and other electrical equipments. In this paper, aramid mica paper was prepared by using white mica, meta-aramid chopped fiber and meta-aramid fibrid as skeleton and bonding components respectively. The effects of aramid fibers ratio, dispersant dosage, mica content and mica particle size on mechanical properties, insulating properties, micro-structure and temperature resistance of paper were studied. The results showed that the optimal process parameters were as follows: the mass ratio of fibrid to chopped fiber was 7:3 the amount of PEO was 0.5wt%, the mass fraction of mica was 50 wt%, and the size of mica was 120~150μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　To understand the current situation of pharmaceutical research development in China and provide a constructive thinking for universities to serve the national innovation strategy through the statistical analysis of pharmaceutical papers and highly cited papers from Double First-rate universities. Methods　CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for Chinese publications, and Scopus database was searched for English publications. Duplicates and non-research literatures were excluded. Excel 2016 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results　By comparing the data from 2017 to 2019 with that from 2014 to 2016, it was found that the number of papers in Q1 area from international journals and Q2 area from domestic journals increased significantly. The popularity of publishing papers in international journals by university authors was increasing. The number of publications in domestic journals slightly decreased. From 2014 to 2020, 850 papers were published in domestic journals, among which 223 papers were highly cited, with a total cited times of 2 410 and an average cited times per publication of 10.81. Conclusion　In spite of the government’s encouragement to publish the scientific and technological achievements in domestic journals, no such trend was formed from our analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to further build the corresponding academic ecology and enhance the international influence of domestic journals. The science and technology circles and technology publication circles in China should be deeply integrated to promote mutual development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of data sparsity and the diversity in academic paper recom-mender systems,based on CONVNCF, this paper proposed an algorithm of convolution with word and heterogeneous information network for academic paper recommendation ( WN -APR) . Firstly, WN -APR algorithm learned user and paper' s diverse features from different semantics to alleviate the sparsity problem. Then it designed an outer product fusing way to seamlessly combine user features with paper features. Replacing of 2D CNN, this algorithm applied 3 D convolution to mine the influence of different features on the performance. Finally, it modified the BPR loss function to enhance diversity in recommendations. Experimental results on CiteULike-a and CiteULike-t datasets show that WN-APR improves the performance of accuracy and diversity over the baseline models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of replacement of soybean by whole-plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy three-way crossbred pigs weighing (60.53±2.42) kg were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The pigs in control group were fed with basic diet, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ used 4%, 6% and 8% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry instead of soybean meal, respectively. The pre-test period was 10 d, and the formal test period was 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of fattening pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the backfat thickness of finishing pigs in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the eye muscle area of finishing pigs in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the water power of pork system in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the drip loss was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cooking loss in group Ⅲwas significantly decreased (P<0.05), and shear force was significantly increased (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content and protein content in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that 4% whole plant fermented hybrid paper mulberry substitute of soybean meal in diet can improve the carcass traits and meat quality of finishing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined with the real-time and robust requirements of paper detection in the common paper-pen interaction, a fast paper detection method based on edge detection is proposed. In the edge detection stage, a fast paper edge detection method based on cross-layer feature fusion is advanced. The linear bottleneck inverted residual blocks and efficient channel B-ECA blocks are added to the HED backbone, which greatly reduce the numbers of parameters and increase the weight of salient features. The features of all stages and all layers are fused in order to retain the more edge features. The high-level features are upsampled and cross-layer fused with the low-level features to solve the problem of edge blur. Training and testing on the self-made MPDS data set shows that, compared with the original HED method, the proposal increases the ODS and OIS by 8.1% and 6.6% respectively, and improves the detection speed from 22.08 FPs to 39.02 FPS. In the paper extraction stage, a paper extraction method based on the paper structure is proposed. After thinning the paper edge based on non-maximum suppression, detection and filtering the line, and extraction paper vertex based on structural constraints, the image containing only paper is extracted. The experimental results show that the paper extraction method can quickly and accurately extract the entire paper image in various complex desktop environments and occlusion situations, which provides an interaction basis for the common paper-pen interaction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies related to COVID-19 at home and abroad. Review of relevant literature on COVID-19 provides data resources for related research on the emergence and transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current COVID-19 related dataset is a collection of the literature, without classifying the data for each subfield, and the coarse-grained information such as the title and author fails to provide an in-depth understanding of the progress of COVID-19 research. Therefore, this paper created a dataset for the COVID-19 sub-domain and a fine-grained entity dataset. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper proposed a literature screening method based on active learning model, which can obtain more valuable marker samples with less labor cost, so that the classifier has better generalization performance. We considered three base classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF), while considering four query strategies: uncertainty sampling, expected error reduction, committee-based query, and random sampling. Taking the origin of SARS-CoV-2, one of the sub-fields related to SARS-CoV-2, as an example, articles related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 were efficiently and accurately located from the literature. At the same time, this paper designed a labeling scheme covering 18 types of entities, including not only genes, proteins, compounds and other entities that are universal in the biological field, but also corona viruses and wild animals that are unique to the field of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, visual annotation tool BRAT was used for entity annotation. The tagging team consisted of an administrator and six annotators, and the entity tagging consisted of two rounds. What's more, multi-k consistency index was used to calculate the consistency score of annotation results. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the active learning model show that the uncertain sampling query strategy has the best performance. SVM, LR and RF based on uncertain sampling can correctly screen 425, 465 and 489 articles, respectively. After the removal of overlapping articles, a dataset related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed, containing a total of 885 articles. Secondly, based on the proposed entity labeling scheme, 6 annotators completed 99 papers. Based on the results of fine marking, this paper constructed an entity dataset containing 39,118 entities, which is the largest and most comprehensive entity corpus in the field of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the determination of neotame in tobacco sweet tipping paper was established by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Based on this method, the effects of different storage environments ( low temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and normal humidity, normal temperature and dry) on the content of neotame were analyzed, and the decay behavior of different brands of tipping paper in various environments was fitted by reaction kinetics model. The results showed that the established analytical method exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 1. 00 ~ 800. 00 µg/mL. The method had high recovery rate and precision, which could be applied for the detection and analysis of neotame in sweet tipping paper. Under different environments, the decay rate of neotame in all brands of tipping paper increased with the prolonged storage time. The low temperature and normal humidity environment was more conducive to the stable storage of sweet tipping paper, while the normal temperature and dry environment could promote the decay of neota-me. The decay behavior of neotame in different brand tipping papers conformed to different reaction kinetic models. The decay kinetic process of different tipping paper was affected by the environment, which may be related to the microstructure of the tipping paper or the interaction between neotame and the carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper mulberry has strong ability to adapt to the environment, good growth performance, and more comprehensive functions. With the continuous maturity of paper mulberry fermentation technology, as a feed, it can improve the production performance, carcass quality, and muscle nutritional value of livestock and poultry. The paper reviews the characteristics, functions and application of paper mulberry in livestock and poultry production, in order to provide reference for the popularization and application of paper mulberry as a conventional feed for livestock and poultry breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After dilution centrifugation, enrichment culture, and gradient plate screening, a series of strains that can adapt to concentrated tobacco waste water extract (TWE) and exhibit metabolic activity were isolated from concentrated TWE during the paper-making reconstituted tobacco process. Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were identified. The isolated strains were added into concentrated TWE for fermentation. The growth and metabolism characteristics and their effects on the composition of metabolites in TWE were investigated. The results showed that a yeast strain MC-9A1 resistant to high stress was isolated from concentrated TWE, which belonged to the species Zygosaccharomyces bailii. The strain MC-9A1 could grow in concentrated TWE and carried out normal metabolic activities, consuming a lot of sugar. At the same time, MC-9A1 consumed a large number of strongly polar substances and a small number of moderately polar substances in concentrated TWE, and generated a large number of weakly polar or non-polar substances. More than 310 metabolites were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated. For example, acetamide and xylitol increased significantly, while arbutin and D-galacturonic acid decreased significantly. The sensory evaluation results showed that the sensory effect was improved by fermentation of MC-9A1 in concentrated TWE, which increased aroma quality, while decreased odor and the residual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] This paper investigates the research on author name disambiguation published in recent years, and reviews the development context of relevant research from the perspective of the impact of data on author name disambiguation methods, so as to provide reference for further research. [Method/Process] The papers related to author name disambiguation were collected from English research databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Academic, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer Link, and Chinese research databases such as CNKI, CQVIP and WANFANG. The search results cover the relevant papers published from 1998 to 2021. On the premise of giving consideration to authority, influence and novelty, 46 publicationswere selected for review. There are many types and structures of author name disambiguation data. For example, literature feature information is generally presented in unstructured text, and the extracted features can be stored and represented in two-dimensional tables; Citation information and interpersonal relationship are network relational data, which can be stored and represented by graphs, key value pairs or two-dimensional tables. The fundamental reason for different data structures lies in their semantic differences, but the data structure itself determines its applicable algorithm. According to the structure of characteristic data used in the author name disambiguation task and the different corresponding data processing algorithms, the relevant research is divided into three categories: 1) disambiguation method based on literature characteristics, 2) disambiguation method based on social network and 3) disambiguation method by integrating external knowledge. The impact of data on the author name disambiguation method is examined from the data level. [Results/Conclusions] The analysis found that with the progress of technology, deep learning methods have been widely used. Compared with the improvement of the model, the feature learning and representation based on deep learning can significantly improve the effect of the author name disambiguation algorithm. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of insufficient data utilization by a single method and improve the utilization efficiency of data, the three methods show the trend of mutual combination and complementary gain. From the literature research results, there are few related studies on incremental author name disambiguation and multi-language author name disambiguation, which could be one of the directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of supercapacitor degenerates at low temperature, even fails to work sometimes. Solar photothermal conversion provides a new direction for the performance improvement of supercapacitor. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has a high specific capacity, while it should be compounded with other active materials due to its low electric conductivity. Therefore, this study aimed to improve the performance of MnO2-based supercapacitor using the photothermal effect of polypyrrole (PPy), which exhibited excellent light absorption ability and pseudocapacitance property. MnO2 and PPy were successively deposited on slow filter paper by wet chemistry method and low-temperature interfacial polymerization approach, and PPy/MnO2 paper-based composites with different PPy contents were prepared. The structures and properties of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and AC impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the porous structure of filter paper was well preserved after PPy deposition, and MnO2 was covered to form a large active area. The specific capacitance of MnO2/PPy-400 single electrode reached 1 487.1 mF/cm2, 67% higher than that of pure PPy electrode. Under the simulated sunlight with the intensity of 1 kW/m2, the surface temperature of the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor increased from 21.2 °C to 46.7 °C after 10 min. The specific capacitance of the symmetrical supercapacitor assembled by the paper electrode with PPy of 400.0 μL was 52.9 mF/cm2 with illumination, five times that in dark, suggesting excellent photothermal effect to enhanced capacitor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of cellulose/ZnO piezoelectric papers are prepared by crushing and dissolving methods. The papers are characterized by SEM and analyzed by a piezoelectric equipment. The differences in the structure and piezoelectric performance of the two kinds of papers are explored. The effects of ZnO add-on amount, thickness of the papers, and pressure on the piezoelectric properties are discussed and compared with a PVDF film. The mutts show that the fibers of the piezoelectric paper prepared by the dissolving method are smooth and tightly bounded to ZnO, which makes ZnO uniformly coat on the surface of the fibers. The higher the pressure, the higher the piezoelectric properties. The thicker the piezoelectric paper, the higher the piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric paper with 20% ZnO added by the dissolving method has high piezoelectric properties, and the maximum output current is 52.36 nA/cm². The piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric paper are comparable to the purchased PVDF film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Science funding provides financial support for academic institutions, researchers and research projects, and at the same time plays a guiding role in the development of scientific innovation. The research of funded papers contributes to the development of the discipline and is of great significance to the encouragement and support of researchers. [Method/Process] Based on the funded papers published in Chinese journals and foreign journals in the field of library and information science (LIS) during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, this paper analyzes from the perspectives of the time distribution of papers issued, research output of difierent types foundations and the research topics. [Results/Conclusions] The number of fiinded papers published in Chinese journals in LIS from 2016 to 2020 has decreased year by year, but the number of fiinded papers published in foreign journals has slowly increased year by year; for funded papers published in Chinese journal during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, provincial (municipal) foundations funded papers are more outstanding, and National Natural Science Foundation funded papers are more notable for the number and effects of the funded papers in foreign journals; the fiinded papers in Chinese journals show a great impact on library sendees, changes and data, digital resource construction and university libraries; while fiinded papers in foreign journals pay more attention to social media, theme models, scientometrics and library construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterborne coating materials were prepared by blending β-D-Glucose pentaacetate(GPA) and 5 kinds of viscous materials. The viscous material with the best effect was selected according to the viscosity, solid content and laboratory evaluation results, and the blending mass ratio was optimized. After that, the application evaluation of the best modified GPA waterborne coating material for cigarette was carried out. The results showed that PEG600 was the best viscous material and the material with m(GPA): m(PEG600)=1:1 had the best laboratory comprehensive evaluation effect. And the use of coating material resulted in the increase of coating paper weight, filter weight and pressure drop, but the cigarette weight and draw resistance increased only a slight, while the changes of other parameters were very little. Besides, the total particulate matters and tar in the mainstream smoke of the coated cigarette were slightly lower than those of the uncoated cigarette, meanwhile, the nicotine release, moisture and puff number in the mainstream smoke of the coated cigarette were the same as those of the uncoated cigarette. Comparing with the uncoated cigarette, the phenol in the mainstream cigarette smoke of the coated cigarette reduced by 47.1%, and the other six harmful components all have a certain degree of reduction which was not large. Moreover, the sensory quality of the coated cigarette and the uncoated cigarette had no significant difference too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper sewing kits in Guizhou are a kind of daily storage item, which is mostly made of local handmade paper. The producer uses the folding method to construct a multi-layer space, and draws decorative patterns on it by hand, making the paper sewing kits both practical and artistic. In the past, paper sewing kits used to be an important tool for Miao and Dong women to engage in handicraft skills in Guizhou. In modern life, due to the lack of raw materials, long production cycle, complex production process and other factors, paper sewing kits have gradually disappeared in local people’s daily life, being replaced by some convenient machine,made products. Therefore, the research and innovative development of paper sewing kits are of urgency and important significance. This paper analyzes and studies the visual modeling of paper sewing kits using the research methods of field investigation and physical analysis in combination with the three composition principles, and sorts out the following characteristics: first and foremost, the producer draws rich and layered decorative patterns by hand on the paper sewing kits, including plant patterns, animal patterns and geometric patterns. With the help of plane composition principle, we can find that the visual patterns of paper sewing kits are organically composed of points, lines and planes of different forms organically combined on the skeleton of " Chinese characters shi (ten)" and " mi (meter)" . These patterns with the form of multiple plane composition in the plane space highlight the regular layout and rhythm of the picture. At the same time, the special material texture and original ecological preservation method strengthen the unique texture and charm of the paper sewing kits. Besides, the colors of the paper sewing kits from the external homespun packaging to the internal pattern mainly include blue, yellow, red, green and so on. It is concluded from the analysis of the color composition principle that the paper sewing kits contain the holistic harmonic color and the partial contrast color in the harmonious color relationship, and the color lightness and purity are low. These visual colors not only have decorative function but also contain cultural implications. Red and green are the two most common colors in the paper sewing kit samples seen by the authors, which is obviously related to the local color aesthetic orientation. For example, red and green are the main colors in the decorative parts of Miao women’s costumes in Xijiang. The rich colors conveying the beautiful feelings and sustenance of Guizhou minority women, are also associated with traditional folk customs and religious beliefs. Last but not least, the paper sewing kit is folded and pasted from several pieces of handmade paper, locally known as cover paper. After being unfolded successively, it contains three kinds of boxes with large, medium and small specifications. Different spaces are suitable for storing different sewing supplies. The closed paper sewing kits are as thick as a book, and it is of moderate size and easy to carry around. From the perspective of three-dimensional composition, the producers of paper sewing kits skillfully construct storage space by folding and pasting and realizing the free conversion on a plane and three,dimensional level, which fully improves the utilization rate of space. It can be seen that the paper sewing kits are a folk artwork of ethnic minorities containing the beauty of composition, and its unique visual elements provide abundant inspirations for modern design. To truly integrate this kind of traditional thing into modern life, creative integration with modern design is needed to innovate practical products that not only serve the public but also integrate culture and art. This creative mode is also an effective approach and method to activate traditional folk art in the new era. This paper interprets the decorative patterns, color collocation and structural characteristics of paper sewing kits from the perspectives of plane composition, color composition and three-dimensional composition, and excavates its deep cultural connotation. At the same time, the authors pay attention to the innovative development of paper sewing kits in modern society, hoping to promote the innovative development of traditional things by integrating the visual elements of paper sewing kits with modern design innovation, so as to better inherit national culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To quantify the 100 most frequently cited papers in CPT for predicting research hotspots for benefitting future clinical outcomes. Methods Web of Science database was searched for publications related to CPT original research from January 1, 1900 to December 31,2022. And Cited Reference Search tool was employed for retrieving articles to determine the most cited item. Then a knowledge map was generated for number of citations, publication year, publication periodical, author unit, publication country and key words. Results Top 100 selected articles were cited from 11 to 196 times and publication period started from 1928 to 2016. Clinical research was the major type ( n = 93) and only 7 studies belonged to basic research. The largest contribution came from the United States ( n = 37),followed by Republic of Korea ( n = 9), Germany ( n = 6) and Italy ( n = 6) . The frequently appearing keywords were divided into 2 groups of "Neurofibroma" and "Clinical characteristic of pseudarthrosis". And term "NFl" was the latest hot spot in the most cited article. Conclusion Current researches on CPT focuse upon clinical treatment. Basic research on the pathogenesis of CPT is still relatively lacking. In the future, investment in basic research on CPT should be strengthened to provide a more comprehensive treatment for CPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The silicon-based cleaning waste sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide and steel acid cleaning waste liquid with large amount of ferrous ions and partial free hydrochloric acid are used as raw materials. Then an appropriate dosage of iron oxide powder was employed.A new economical and efficient composite water treatment macromolecular flocculant polyferric sulfate（PFCS） was synthesized. The structure and composition of PFCS were studied by FTIR, XRD and XPS. The paper waste water containing 279.9 mg/L CODCr and 4.1 mg/L total phosphorus was treated by the product. When the additive amount was 800 mg/L, the removal rate of CODCr was 71.49% and the removal rate of total phosphorus was 99.02%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]The response of physical and chemical indicators of fertilized breeder eggs based on spectral information was investigated. [Methods]Using Hyland Gray breeder eggs as the research object, the changes of protein, fat, moisture, pH value and color parameters between fertilized and unfertilized eggs at 0-4 d of incubation were measured and hyperspectral images was obtained, the physicochemical indicators that were significantly different between fertilized and unfertilized eggs were determined; the physicochemical indicators of fertilized eggs were correlated with the transmittance of spectral bands and the characteristic bands were screened. PLS-DA (partial least squares-discriminant analysis) and SVM (support vector machine) discriminant models for egg fertilization in the full wavelength range (400-1 000 nm) and discriminant models for fertilization in the characteristic wavelength range were established. [Results]At 0-4 d of incubation, there were significant differences between fertilized and unfertilized eggs in terms of protein, fat, pH and a* value, of which protein, fat and determined a* value were negatively correlated with the transmittance of spectral bands; pH value was positively correlated with the transmittance of spectral bands. Feature bands of 20,40,60 and 80 were screened out based on correlation analysis respectively. The accuracy of the modeling prediction set based on the full band range reached the highest at 4 d with 100.00%,and the accuracy of the modeling prediction set based on the feature band reached the highest at the feature bands of 60 and 80 with 97.50%. [Conclusions]Spectral information could well reflect the changes of physicochemical indexes of fertilized breeder eggs, which provided a tool to detect egg fertilization with hyperspectral technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]