59 results on '"Christoph Krick"'
Search Results
2. Constitutional differences between Muay Thai fighters from Thailand and from Germany
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Christoph Krick and Christoph Raschka
- Subjects
Psychology - Abstract
The aim of the following study is to present the body composition of male Muay Thai fighters that were measured in Thailand and in Germany. As a control group, German college students were also measured. The three groups were separated into five different groups: experienced and inexperienced. Muay Thai fighters from Thailand were not separated since they were much more experienced, more advanced, than their German counterparts. Experienced and inexperienced were defined by the amount of training that each fighter conducted every week: Training of less than three times a week was considered as “inexperienced”. The measurements in this study were performed under a standardized method by the author. The measured results were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS 16. The results of the present study showed that the Muay Thai fighters from Thailand were significantly smaller than the German Muay Thai fighters and the college students. This study also used the methods developed by Parnell, Heath and Carter, Knussmann and Conrad. The body mass index was also used in the study.
- Published
- 2018
3. Two-Digit Number Processing during Childhood: A Mental Rotation Task?
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Sonja Manuela Kreis, Christoph Krick, and Wolfgang Reith
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medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Representation (systemics) ,Cognition ,Mental rotation ,Task (project management) ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Mental representation ,Medicine ,Semantic memory ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Association (psychology) ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
The association between numerical and spatial thinking manifests itself throughout various cognitive observations, concerning arithmetic problem solving as well as simple number recognition tasks. The spatial component in numerical thinking is assumed to represent the semantic processing pathway, for example, the mental representation of numerical magnitude. There is an interconnection of semantic, linguistic, and visual/symbolic pathways, which is thought to be stronger in adults than in children. During childhood, the semantic pathway is supposed to play a major part in numerical processing. In this study, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm combining a mental rotation task with a number processing task. The behavioral data showed the highest error rate for two-digit numbers (not for three-digit numbers). In regard to two-digit numbers, we also found the strongest neuronal activation overlap for number processing and mental rotation in the left intraparietal sulcus. This pattern suggests that the mental inversion of digits in native German speakers might be a spatial function related to mental rotation. In terms of overcoming opposed informational input for symbolic and linguistic representation and therefore impeded informational extraction the spatial processing pathway might play a major role. To conclude, spatial training could be an effective educational approach, supporting the interconnection of numerical processing pathways.
- Published
- 2016
4. 10-Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compared to Active and Passive Control Groups: A Controlled Structural cMRI Study
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Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Reith, and Malvina Garner
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Hatha yoga ,medicine ,Hippocampal formation ,Psychology ,Passive control - Published
- 2019
5. SNARC meets SPARC in fMRI—Interdependence of compatibility effects depends on semantic content
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Tina Weis, Christoph Krick, Thomas Lachmann, Wolfgang Reith, and Barbara Estner
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Adult ,Male ,Speech perception ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Auditory cortex ,Brain mapping ,Judgment ,Young Adult ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,medicine ,Humans ,Evoked Potentials ,Categorical variable ,Brain Mapping ,Communication ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Mathematical Concepts ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Semantics ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Compatibility (mechanics) ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Stimulus–response compatibility ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background Stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) plays a major role in choice-reaction tasks. In specific cases, SRC leads to phenomena like the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) or the Spatial Pitch Association of Response Codes (SPARC) effect: small numbers or low pitches lead to faster responses when answered with the left hand, whereas large numbers or high pitches lead to faster responses when answered with the right hand. The previous study, investigating the combination of SNARC and SPARC with numbers spoken in different pitch heights, points towards an interdependency of both SNARC and SPARC compatibility effects, suggesting an automatic process. Methods In the present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated the underlying neural activity when SNARC and SPARC are combined within the same auditory stimulus (numerical condition). Additionally, we included a categorical condition (the words “small” and “large”) as variation of the stimulus type. Results We found neither an effect for SNARC nor for SPARC Compatibility in the neuronal data, whereas SNARC Compatibility was found in the behavioral data. According to the behavioral as well as the neuronal data, in the bilateral auditory cortex, SNARC and SPARC Compatibility interacts with Stimulus Type, i.e., whether numerical or categorical stimuli were presented. Conclusions We concluded that both effects are interdependent and that this interaction strongly depends on the semantic information.
- Published
- 2015
6. Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy Restores Attention-Related Activity in the Angular Gyrus in Chronic Tinnitus Patients
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Heike Argstatter, Christoph Krick, Peter K. Plinkert, Miriam Grapp, and Wolfgang Reith
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Music therapy ,genetic structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Chronic tinnitus ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Audiology ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,Angular gyrus ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,tinnitus ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Sensory cue ,Original Research ,media_common ,fMRI neuroimaging ,tinnitus distress ,General Neuroscience ,attention ,Distress ,medicine.symptom ,Heidelberg model of music therapy ,Psychology ,tinnitus treatment ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Tinnitus ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background: Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound without external acoustic stimulation. Recent tinnitus research suggests a relationship between attention processes and tinnitus-related distress. It has been found that too much focus on tinnitus comes at the expense of the visual domain. The angular gyrus (AG) seems to play a crucial role in switching attention to the most salient stimulus. This study aims to evaluate the involvement of the AG during visual attention tasks in tinnitus sufferers treated with Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy (HNMT), an intervention that has been shown to reduce tinnitus-related distress. Methods: Thirty-three patients with chronic tinnitus, 45 patients with recent-onset tinnitus, and 35 healthy controls were tested. A fraction of these (21/21/22) were treated with the “compact” version of the Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy (HNMT) lasting one week with intense treatments, while non-treated participants were included as passive controls. Visual attention was evaluated during functional Magnet-Resonance Imaging (fMRI) by a visual Continous Performance Task (CPT) using letter-based alarm cues (“O” and “X”) appearing in a sequence of neutral letters, “A” through “H”. Participants were instructed to respond via button press only if the letter “O” was followed by the letter “X” (GO condition), but not to respond if a neutral letter appeared instead (NOGO condition). All participants underwent two fMRI sessions, before and after a one-week study period. Results: The CPT results revealed a relationship between error rates and tinnitus duration at baseline whereby the occurrence of erroneous “GO omissions” and the reaction time increased with tinnitus duration. Patients with chronic tinnitus who were treated with HNMT had decreasing error rates (fewer GO omissions) compared to treated recent-onset patients. fMRI analyses confirmed greater activation of the AG during CPT in chronic patients after HNMT treatment compared to treated recent-onset patients. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HNMT treatment helps shift the attention from the auditory phantom percept towards visual cues in chronic tinnitus patients and that this shift in attention may involve the AG.
- Published
- 2017
7. Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy Enhances Task-Negative Activity in Tinnitus Patients
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Miriam Grapp, Christoph Krick, Heike Argstatter, Peter K. Plinkert, and Wolfgang Reith
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0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,neuroplasticity ,Precuneus ,Grey matter ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,recent-onset tinnitus ,03 medical and health sciences ,precuneus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Neuroplasticity ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,tinnitus ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Original Research ,RSN ,General Neuroscience ,fMRI ,Distress ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Posterior cingulate ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy ,human activities ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Tinnitus - Abstract
Background: Suffering from tinnitus causes mental distress in most patients. Recent neuroscientific findings hint at a diminished activity of the brain’s default-mode network (DMN) in the case of psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression or anxiety). In tinnitus, impaired activity of DMN, including the posterior cingulate (PCC) and the precuneus, is said to be involved in tinnitus-associated distress. We have established a rapid therapy approach, the Heidelberg Neuro-Music Therapy (HNMT), which has been shown to considerably reduce tinnitus distress following a one-week short-term treatment. Hence, this therapy option allows for longitudinal observations of the neural changes due to improvements in tinnitus distress. It thus seems fruitful to assess the relationship between compromised DMN-activity and tinnitus-related distress by HNMT. We have previously reported grey matter (GM) reorganization in DMN regions and in primary auditory areas following the HNMT in cases of recent-onset tinnitus. The current study investigated the related activity levels in DMN before and after HNMT using functional MRI (fMRI). Methods: The DMN activity was estimated by the task-negative activation (TNA) during long inter-trial intervals in a word recognition task. The level of TNA was evaluated twice, before and after the one-week study period, in 18 treated tinnitus patients (“treatment goup”, TG), 21 passive tinnitus controls (PTC), and 22 active healthy controls (AC). During the study week, the participants in TG and AC groups were treated with HNMT, whereas PTC patients did not receive any tinnitus-specific treatment. Therapy-related effects on DMN activity were assessed by comparing the pairs of fMRI records from the TG and PTC groups. Results: The comparison between the TG and AC groups, each treated with HNMT, showed tinnitus-specific effects. Both therapy-related effects and tinnitus-specific effects resulted in an augmented DMN activity in the PCC of 2.5% signal change. Following HNMT, the enhancement of the PCC activity was correlated with a reduction in tinnitus distress (Spearman Rho: -0.5; p
- Published
- 2017
8. Is it still speech? Different processing strategies in learning to discriminate stimuli in the transition from speech to non-speech including feedback evaluation
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Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Reith, Thomas Lachmann, and Tina Weis
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Auditory Pathways ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Audiology ,Auditory cortex ,050105 experimental psychology ,Visual processing ,03 medical and health sciences ,Superior temporal gyrus ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Speech ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Auditory Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Two-alternative forced choice ,05 social sciences ,Superior temporal sulcus ,Speech processing ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Categorization ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Speech Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Processing of speech was investigated by using stimuli gradually changing from speech (vowels) to non-speech (spectral rotated vowels). Stimuli were presented in descending levels of vocalization blends, from pure speech to non-speech, through step-wise combinations, resulting in ambiguous versions of the sounds. Participants performed a two-alternative forced choice task: categorization of sounds were made according to whether they contained more speech or non-speech. Performance feedback was presented visually on each trial. Reaction times (RT) after sound presentation, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during auditory and visual processing, were analyzed. RT data suggested individual differences with a distinct group, good performers, functioning better in distinguishing stimuli with a higher degree of ambiguous blends compared to poor performers, who were not able to distinguish these stimuli correctly. fMRI data confirmed this finding. During auditory stimulation, good performers showed neural activation in the ventral auditory pathway, including the primary auditory cortex and the anterior superior temporal sulcus (responsible for speech processing). Poor performers, in contrast, showed neural activation in the dorsal auditory pathway, including the bilateral superior temporal gyrus. Group differences were also found for visual feedback processing. Differences observed between the groups were interpreted as reflecting different neural processing strategies.
- Published
- 2017
9. Selective transfer of visual working memory training on Chinese character learning
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Julia A. Schneiders, Bertram Opitz, Axel Mecklinger, and Christoph Krick
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Adult ,Male ,Working memory training ,China ,Transfer, Psychology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Interference theory ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Vocabulary ,Spatial memory ,Young Adult ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Visual memory ,Humans ,Learning ,Visual short-term memory ,Language ,Working memory ,Memory rehearsal ,Brain ,Iconic memory ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Memory, Short-Term ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Practice, Psychological ,Pattern Recognition, Physiological ,Auditory Perception ,Female ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous research has shown a systematic relationship between phonological working memory capacity and second language proficiency for alphabetic languages. However, little is known about the impact of working memory processes on second language learning in a non-alphabetic language such as Mandarin Chinese. Due to the greater complexity of the Chinese writing system we expect that visual working memory rather than phonological working memory exerts a unique influence on learning Chinese characters. This issue was explored in the present experiment by comparing visual working memory training with an active (auditory working memory training) control condition and a passive, no training control condition. Training induced modulations in language-related brain networks were additionally examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a pretest-training-posttest design. As revealed by pre- to posttest comparisons and analyses of individual differences in working memory training gains, visual working memory training led to positive transfer effects on visual Chinese vocabulary learning compared to both control conditions. In addition, we found sustained activation after visual working memory training in the (predominantly visual) left infero-temporal cortex that was associated with behavioral transfer. In the control conditions, activation either increased (active control condition) or decreased (passive control condition) without reliable behavioral transfer effects. This suggests that visual working memory training leads to more efficient processing and more refined responses in brain regions involved in visual processing. Furthermore, visual working memory training boosted additional activation in the precuneus, presumably reflecting mental image generation of the learned characters. We, therefore, suggest that the conjoint activity of the mid-fusiform gyrus and the precuneus after visual working memory training reflects an interaction of working memory and imagery processes with complex visual stimuli that fosters the coherent synthesis of a percept from a complex visual input in service of enhanced Chinese character learning.
- Published
- 2014
10. Funktionelle MRT der Sprache
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Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Reith, Martin Backens, and Manfred Pützer
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Speech production ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Representation (systemics) ,Brain mapping ,Field (computer science) ,Focus (linguistics) ,Nonverbal communication ,Perception ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Speech is a multifactorial term. In relationship with our central organ, speech is a communication medium which in a complex manner includes the production and perception of verbal information. Even within this limitation, imaging exploration of the neuronal basis of verbal communication offers an extensive investigative field which can only be presented in this article as highlights. The main focus is on the technical hurdles of investigations into speech production using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and solution options will be presented. The difficulties contained in this aspect are that spoken words can only be poorly assessed in the noise level of the measurements and that the movements of the mouth necessary for speech motoric can lead to technical imaging artefacts. Investigation techniques and designs will be discussed which allow a representation of speech-relevant brain centers despite these problems.
- Published
- 2013
11. Funktionelle MRT des Hörzentrums
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Martin Backens, Christoph Krick, and Wolfgang Reith
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business.industry ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Nuclear medicine ,business - Abstract
Die Untersuchung des Gehorsinns ist gerade mit der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) ein technisch schwieriges Unterfangen, da das Gerat wahrend der Messung einen hohen Gerauschpegel verursacht. In diesem Artikel werden technische Rahmenbedingungen beschrieben, die das Prufen der Horverarbeitung dennoch ermoglichen. Weiterhin werden jene Schaltstellen der Horbahn und die involvierten kortikalen Areale bildhaft beschrieben, die einer Untersuchung des Horsinns technisch zuganglich sind.
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- 2013
12. 'Neuroimaging' der Farb- und Raumwahrnehmung
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Wolfgang Reith, Barbara Käsmann-Kellner, Martin Backens, and Christoph Krick
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business - Abstract
Die raumliche Orientierung und das Beurteilen von Distanzen sind ebenso wie die Farbwahrnehmung im visuellen System verankert. Allerdings sind verschiedene Zentren – ausgehend vom primaren visuellen Kortex im Okzipitallappen – in unterschiedlicher Auspragung in die verschiedenen Aspekte der visuellen Verarbeitung involviert. In diesem Artikel werden Untersuchungstechniken und -designs beschrieben, welche mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) die verschiedenen Aufgaben innerhalb des visuellen Systems den jeweils dafur spezialisierten Zentren im Parietal- bzw. Temporallappen zuordnen konnen.
- Published
- 2013
13. Mechanical Recanalization With Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke
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Stefanie Behnke, Maria Politi, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Anton Haass, Christoph Krick, Heiko Körner, Christian Roth, Umut Yilmaz, Michael Kettner, Klaus Fassbender, Maria Alexandrou, Panagiotis Kostopoulos, Wolfgang Reith, Julio Viera, and Silke Walter
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Solitaire Cryptographic Algorithm ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cerebral infarction ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Thrombolysis ,Revascularization ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Modified Rankin Scale ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,cardiovascular diseases ,Prospective cohort study ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Stroke - Abstract
Objectives This study sought to assess the feasibility and safety of a recently described technique of mechanical recanalization with the help of a stent-like device. Background In the special group of acute stroke patients with an intracranial large vessel occlusion, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator on its own leads to a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤2) in only 15% to 25% of cases. The aforementioned technique of mechanical recanalization showed very promising clinical results. Methods Forty patients presenting within 6 h from stroke symptom onset were enrolled. Mechanical recanalization was performed using a Solitaire FR revascularization device. The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical outcome rated with the help of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 90 days. Results Twenty-four patients (60%) showed a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤2) at 90 days. One symptomatic hemorrhage was detected on follow-up computed tomography. The death rate was 12.5% (5 patients). Successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b) of the target vessel was achieved in 95% of the patients with a mean of 1.8 runs with the device. Conclusions The ReFlow (Mechanical Recanalization With Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke) study shows that mechanical recanalization with flow restoration is highly effective in stroke patients with a large intracranial vessel occlusion presenting within 4.5 h after symptom onset. (Mechanical Recanalization With Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke [ReFlow]; NCT01210729 )
- Published
- 2013
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14. Recanalization after endovascular treatment of intracerebral aneurysms
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Christoph Krick, Maria Politi, Gökmen Gül, Iris Q. Grunwald, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Wolfgang Reith, and Tobias Struffert
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Aneurysm, Ruptured ,Asymptomatic ,Aneurysm ,Recurrence ,Risk Factors ,Angioplasty ,Occlusion ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Embolization ,cardiovascular diseases ,Treatment Failure ,Neuroradiology ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Vascular disease ,business.industry ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,medicine.disease ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,Surgery ,Cerebral Angiography ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cerebral angiography ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risks of endovascular therapy, aneurysm regrowth, recanalization and the need for reembolization. METHOD: A prospective analysis was performed on 211 aneurysms treated endovascularly from February 2000 to December 2003. Of these 211 aneurysms, 81 were asymptomatic and 130 were ruptured. The risks of endovascular therapy, aneurysm regrowth, recanalization and the need for reembolization were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean observation time was 10 months (ranging from 178 to 830 days). Complete occlusion (100%) in the initial intervention was achieved in 171 of 201 aneurysms (85%), 80-95% occlusion in 24 aneurysms (12%), and
- Published
- 2016
15. Cognitive changes after carotid artery stenting
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Martin Backens, Peter Falkai, Tobias Struffert, Maria Politi, Iris Q. Grunwald, Tillmann Supprian, and Wolfgang Reith
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Trail Making Test ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Verbal fluency test ,Carotid Stenosis ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mini–Mental State Examination ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Neuropsychology ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Female ,Stents ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,Carotid stenting ,Cognition Disorders ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Carotid Artery, Internal - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to test changes in cognitive performance after carotid artery stenting (CAS). METHOD: Ten patients were neuropsychologically tested at least 24 h before and 48 h after CAS. To diminish thromboembolic events, we used a proximal protection device. The following neuropsychological tests were selected: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), symbol digit test and subtests of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) battery (verbal fluency, constructional practice, word list memory and delayed recall). Affective state was determined by the Beck Depression Score (BDS). RESULTS: No patient suffered from depression (BDS
- Published
- 2016
16. Neural correlates of the Heidelberg Music Therapy: indicators for the regeneration of auditory cortex in tinnitus patients?
- Author
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Christoph Krick and Heike Argstatter
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,Population ,Sensory system ,Audiology ,Auditory cortex ,lcsh:RC346-429 ,Cortical map ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Perspective ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Auditory system ,Sensory deprivation ,medicine.symptom ,education ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Tinnitus - Abstract
Tinnitus, the phenomenon of ringing or buzzing in the ears without an external sound source is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in otorhinolaryngology and affects 10 – 15% of the general population. Models have been developed to account for neural basis of tinnitus, its pathogenesis and its consequences on mental health (deRidder et al., 2013). In most cases tinnitus onset follows a partial hearing impairment. Peripheral sensory deprivation due to cochlear damages may prompt increased neuronal activity in the central auditory system in order to adapt the neural sensitivity to the reduced sensory inputs. This central gain could over amplify the “neural noise” and thus trigger a homeostatic down-regulation of inhibitory synapses in the auditory cortical map leading to specific reorganization of the cortical representation of the tinnitus percept. Dysfunctional feedback connections from limbic regions to auditory brain areas, interacting at the thalamic level, may account for the psychological impairment.
- Published
- 2015
17. Separating Intra-Modal and Across-Modal Training Effects in Visual Working Memory: An fMRI Investigation
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Julia A. Schneiders, Bertram Opitz, and Axel Mecklinger
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Adult ,Male ,Working memory training ,genetic structures ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Spatial memory ,Task (project management) ,Young Adult ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Visual memory ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Visual short-term memory ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Working memory ,Brain ,Iconic memory ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Memory, Short-Term ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Visual Perception ,Female ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Working memory training is a useful tool to examine dissociations between specific working memory processes. Although current models propose a distinction between modality-specific working memory processes, to our knowledge no study has directly examined the effects of visual versus auditory working memory training. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate whether visual working memory processes can be trained specifically and whether those effects can be separated from across-modal training effects. We found decidedly larger training gains after visual working memory training compared with auditory or no training on a visual 2-back task. These effects were accompanied by specific training-related decreases in the right middle frontal gyrus arising from visual training only. Likewise, visual and auditory training led to decreased activations in the superior portion of the right middle frontal gyrus and the right posterior parietal lobule. We infer that the combination of effects resulted from increased neural efficiency of intra-modal (visual) processes on the one hand and of across-modal (general control) processes on the other hand. Therefore, visual processes of working memory can be trained specifically, and these effects can be functionally dissociated from alterations in general control processes common to both working memory trainings.
- Published
- 2011
18. Musiktherapie bei nichttonalem Tinnitus (Tinnitusrauschen)
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H. Argstatter, Christoph Krick, H. V. Bolay, and Peter K. Plinkert
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,medicine ,Head and neck surgery ,business - Abstract
Mit der „Musiktherapie bei chronisch-tonalem Tinnitus nach dem Heidelberger Modell“ liegt fur den Bereich des tonalen Tinnitus eine effektive und neurowissenschaftlich uberprufte Behandlungsmethode vor. Der musiktherapeutische Ansatz wurde nun unter Berucksichtigung der Klangqualitat und moglicher kardiovaskularer Einflussfaktoren spezifisch auf den Bereich des „Tinnitusrauschens“ ausgeweitet und mit psychologischen, physiologischen und bildgebenden Verfahren auf seine Wirksamkeit hin uberpruft. In einer ersten Pilotstudie erreichten 21 der 23 untersuchten Probanden (d. h. uber 90%) eine zuverlassige Reduktion der Symptome (Werte im Tinnitusfragebogen: pra: 40,1±11,4, post: 27,9±12,8, 3-Monats-Katamnese: 24,0±12,2). Die Resultate der bildgebenden Verlaufsuntersuchungen zeigen neuroplastische Veranderungen in Putamen und Insula. Psychophysiologische Messungen geben Anhaltspunkte fur kardiovaskulare Einflusse auf das Tinnitusrauschen. Eine effektive Tinnitustherapie sollte die Klangqualitat des Tinnitus berucksichtigen, da eine Veranderung der Tinnitussymptomatik eindeutig von der Klangqualitat abhangt. Kardiovaskulare Einflusse spielen insofern eine Rolle, als die Regulation der Herzfrequenz ein Pradiktor fur den Therapieerfolg ist. Insgesamt erharten die bildgebenden Daten das Top-down-Modell der Tinnitusentstehung.
- Published
- 2010
19. Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in healthy controls is related to MRI changes and to neuronal loss as determined by F-Dopa PET
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Gerhard Fuss, Mathias Schreckenberger, Stefanie Behnke, Wolfgang Reith, Daniela Berg, Christoph Krick, Ulrich Dillmann, Hans-Georg Buchholz, and U. Schroeder
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Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Substantia nigra ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Neurons ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Tissue inhomogeneity ,Healthy subjects ,Parkinson Disease ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Middle Aged ,Echoencephalography ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Pathophysiology ,Dihydroxyphenylalanine ,Transcranial Doppler ,Substantia Nigra ,Neurology ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,T2 relaxation ,Iron content ,Female ,Radiopharmaceuticals ,business - Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound (TCS) has been shown to reveal hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinsonian patients and in about 10% of healthy controls. It is hypothesized that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy subjects is a vulnerability marker for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Although there is strong evidence that the echomarker results from increased local iron content, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Thus, prognostic impact can only be estimated. We examined 14 subjects with SN hyperechogenicity (SN+) (7 IPD patients and 7 controls) and 7 healthy controls without the echomarker (SN−) by a magnetic resonance imaging method (MRI; T2 relaxation times) known to reveal tissue inhomogeneity following abnormal iron content and by F-Dopa PET to assess nigrostriatal function.
- Published
- 2009
20. Total Brain Volume and Corpus Callosum Size in Medication-Naïve Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Arthur W. Toga, Christoph Krick, Katherine L. Narr, Christine M. Freitag, Hanneke E. Hulst, Paul M. Thompson, Eileen Luders, and Carsten Konrad
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Intelligence ,Audiology ,Corpus callosum ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,Corpus Callosum ,Developmental psychology ,White matter ,Young Adult ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Pervasive developmental disorder ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Biological Psychiatry ,Intelligence Tests ,Intelligence quotient ,Brain ,Organ Size ,Voxel-based morphometry ,medicine.disease ,Imitative Behavior ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Autism spectrum disorder ,Case-Control Studies ,Brain size ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
Background Increased total brain volume (TBV) has been reported for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but studies in older ASD subjects have been contradictory. Similarly, studies of corpus callosum (CC) area in ASD differ with regard to inclusion criteria, age, and IQ. Methods In the present study, TBV, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) volume as well as midsagittal CC area were compared between 15 medication-naive, high-functioning adolescent and young adult ASD subjects and 15 healthy control individuals, and correlations with visuomotor coordination and imitation abilities were explored. In addition, computational surface-based methods were implemented to encode callosal thickness at high spatial resolution. Results Total brain volume, GM, and WM were increased and CC area was decreased in ASD subjects, a finding that was predominantly due to ASD subjects with lower IQ. Positive correlations of IQ with volume measures were observed only in control subjects. Autism spectrum disorder subjects showed reduced thickness in the posterior part of the CC. White matter volume showed a trend for negative correlation with dynamic balance and imitation abilities across groups. Conclusions This study replicates previous structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in ASD, emphasizes the role of IQ differences, and adds some evidence for functional implications of structural findings.
- Published
- 2009
21. Musiktherapie bei chronisch-tonalem Tinnitus
- Author
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Hans Volker Bolay, Heike Argstatter, and Christoph Krick
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Gynecology ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Head and neck surgery ,business - Abstract
Die „Musiktherapie bei chronisch-tonalem Tinnitus nach dem Heidelberger Modell“ strebt eine Integration von psychologisch-aktivierenden Strategien zum unmittelbaren Management des Tinnitustons und kurativen, auf die organische Storung gerichteten Ansatzen an. Die spezifischen musiktherapeutischen Interventionen und die postulierten, spezifischen Wirkfaktoren werden dargelegt. Mehrere interdisziplinare Kooperationsstudien belegen die Wirksamkeit, sodass die hier vorgestellte Musiktherapie unter den Aspekten Dauer, Erfolg und katamnestische Stabilitat der Behandlung im Vergleich zu herkommlichen Therapieformen die besten Ergebnisse aufweist. Auserdem ergeben sich durch die Resultate der bildgebenden Verlaufsuntersuchungen stichhaltige Grunde, die neuronale Modellierung von chronisch-tonalem Tinnitus zu uberdenken.
- Published
- 2009
22. Musiktherapie bei chronisch-tonalem Tinnitus
- Author
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H Argstatter, H V Bolay, and Christoph Krick
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Music therapy ,Evidence-based practice ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Evidence-based medicine ,Audiology ,Desensitization (psychology) ,Functional imaging ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Neuroimaging ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Tinnitus - Abstract
Tinnitus has a very high prevalence, with more than one million patients in the German population needing treatment for it. About 50% of them suffer from so-called tonal tinnitus, i.e., tinnitus with a well-defined frequency. Although tinnitus is one of the most common symptoms in ENT medicine, the existing treatments are polypragmatic and often lack a scientific foundation. Based on this fact, a novel music therapy concept was developed, evaluated, and scientifically substantiated (with psychological, audiological, and functional imaging procedures in the diagnosis and treatment). The advantages of the described therapy are the integration of known and well-proven acoustic and psychotherapeutic techniques. They were converted to specific music therapy interventions (resonance training, neuroauditive cortex reprogramming, and tinnitus desensitization). More than 190 patients suffering from chronic tonal tinnitus were effectively treated. The results indicate that the therapy is highly advantageous in terms of treatment duration, effectiveness, and follow-up stability compared with customary interventions. Furthermore, the results of brain imaging strongly suggest the usefulness of further investigation and discussion in the realm of neuronal tinnitus modeling.
- Published
- 2008
23. Morphologie des Chiasma opticum bei Albinismus
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Barbara Käsmann-Kellner, and Bernd Schmitz
- Subjects
Decussation ,Retina ,genetic structures ,Optic chiasm ,Anatomy ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Retinal ganglion ,eye diseases ,Ophthalmology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Albinismus ,medicine ,Albinism ,sense organs ,Chiasma opticum ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Albinism is associated with a misrouting of fibers at the optic chiasm where the majority of fibers cross to the contralateral side. The cause of this abnormal decussation pattern reflects a disturbance of cell cycle regulation in the development of the retina which is in part controlled by melanin. Growing axons from retinal ganglion cells therefore arrive later than usual at the optic chiasm and are misrouted contralaterally. This atypical decussation leads to morphological changes of the optic chiasm including a reduced chiasm width with larger angles between optic nerves and tracts which can be shown by magnetic resonance imaging.
- Published
- 2007
24. Cortical reorganization in recent-onset tinnitus patients by the Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy
- Author
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Hans Volker Bolay, Jonas Daneshvar-Talebi, Christoph Krick, Peter K. Plinkert, Miriam Grapp, and Wolfgang Reith
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Music therapy ,cerebral reorganization ,Auditory area ,Precuneus ,Audiology ,Auditory cortex ,lcsh:RC321-571 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tinnitus ,voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gyrus ,Neuroplasticity ,medicine ,Psychology ,Original Research Article ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Music Therapy ,lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,Auditory Cortex ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Repeated measures design ,gray matter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy ,Neuroscience ,brain plasticity ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,MRI - Abstract
Pathophysiology and treatment of tinnitus still are fields of intensive research. The neuroscientifically motivated Heidelberg Model of Music Therapy, previously developed by the German Center for Music Therapy Research, Heidelberg, Germany, was applied to explore its effects on individual distress and on brain structures. This therapy is a compact and fast application of nine consecutive 50-minutes sessions of individualized therapy implemented over one week. Clinical improvement and long-term effects over several years have previously been published. However the underlying neural basis of the therapy’s success has not yet been explored. In the current study, the therapy was applied to acute tinnitus patients (TG) and healthy active controls (AC). Non-treated patients were also included as passive controls (PTC). As predicted, the therapeutic intervention led to a significant decrease of tinnitus-related distress in TG compared to PTC. Before and after the study week, high-resolution MRT scans were obtained for each subject. Assessment by repeated measures design for several groups (two-way ANOVA) revealed structural gray matter (GM) increase in TG compared to PTC, comprising clusters in precuneus, medial superior frontal areas, and in the auditory cortex. This pattern was further applied as mask for general GM changes as induced by the therapy week. The therapy-like procedure in AC also elicited similar GM increases in precuneus and frontal regions. Comparison between structural effects in TG versus AC was calculated within the mask for general GM changes to obtain specific effects in tinnitus patients, yielding GM increase in right Heschl's gyrus, right Rolandic operculum, and medial superior frontal regions. In line with recent findings on the crucial role of the auditory cortex in maintaining tinnitus-related distress, a causative relation between the therapy-related GM alterations in auditory areas and the long-lasting therapy effects can be assumed.
- Published
- 2015
25. Stellenwert von Myelographie, Myelo-CT und MRT in der Diagnostik der zervikalen Radikulo- und Myelopathie
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Iris Q. Grunwald, Christian Roth, and Wolfgang Reith
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Tooth root ,Practice patterns ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Statistical analysis ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
Diese Arbeit zieht einen Vergleich zwischen zervikaler Myelographie, CT-Myelographie (CTM) und MRT. Es gilt herauszufinden, welchen Stellenwert jede der oben genannten Methoden in Bezug auf Diagnostik und nachfolgende Therapie hat. Bei insgesamt 25 Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf eine zervikale Myelo- oder Radikulopathie wurden sowohl eine MRT-Untersuchung der Halswirbelsaule als auch eine Myelographie durchgefuhrt. Eine Einengung des Spinalkanals lies sich sowohl in der CTM als auch MRT darstellen. Bezuglich des Ausmases der Spinalkanaleinengung bestand zwischen den T1w-axialen Bildern und den Postmyelo-CT-Bildern kein signifikanter Unterschied. Die MRT ist in der Diagnostik von Myelo- und Radikulopathien der CTM ebenburtig. Die CT ist zwar in der Differenzierung von weicher und knocherner Protrusion besser, jedoch bietet die MRT v. a. wegen ihrer fehlenden Invasivitat und fehlenden Strahlenbelastung einen entscheidenden Vorteil.
- Published
- 2006
26. Orthostatic tremor during modification of standing
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Gerhard Fuss, Ulrich Dillmann, Georg Becker, Dania Sood, and Jörg Spiegel
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Posture ,Electromyography ,Functional Laterality ,Tilt table test ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Tilt-Table Test ,Orientation ,Afferent ,Tremor ,Humans ,Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,Orthostatic tremor ,Involuntary movement ,Afferent Pathways ,Leg ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,Neurology ,Primary orthostatic tremor ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Primary orthostatic tremor (OT) occurs only during standing. We studied whether modification of the condition standing influences OT. In seven patients with OT, surface EMG was recorded from both tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles during two maneuvers: relief, whereby the patient was gradually lifted by a crane, and tilting, whereby the patient was tilted by a tilting table to positions of 90 degrees (upright standing), 45 degrees (diagonal position), and 0 degrees (lying position). We determined the parameters tremor frequency, tremor intensity, coherence, and phase shift between the different muscles. Relief did not influence OT. In contrast, tilting modified significantly tremor intensity and phase shifts; tremor frequencies and coherences were not influenced. We chose both these maneuvers because of their different impact on the standing condition: relief modifies the factors afferent input and muscle forcing but not the factor postural set, whereas tilting modifies all three factors. The fact that tilting modifies OT, whereas relief does not, suggests an important role of postural set in OT generation. Afferent input and muscle forcing seem to play less important role.
- Published
- 2006
27. Monocular visual activation patterns in albinism as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging
- Author
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Bernd Schmitz, Martin Backens, Barbara Käsmann-Kellner, Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Reith, Torsten Schäfer, and Georg Grön
- Subjects
Monocular ,genetic structures ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Superior colliculus ,Nystagmus ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Functional imaging ,Oscillopsia ,Neurology ,Albinism ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,Monocular vision - Abstract
Human albinism is characterized by a disturbance of the chiasmatic projection system leading to predominant representation of just one eye in the contralateral hemisphere. Patients show congenital nystagmus without perceiving oscillopsia. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the consequences of atypical chiasmatic crossing with monocular visual stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Sixteen patients with albinism and fifteen normally pigmented controls were stimulated with a monocular visual activation paradigm using flickering checkerboards. In patients, we observed contralaterally dominated activation of visual cortices correlating to clinical albinism parameters. This confirms albinism as a continuous range of hypopigmentation disorders. Additionally, albinos showed activation of the superior colliculus and of visual motion areas although the stimulus was stationary. Activation of visual motion areas is due probably to congenital nystagmus without a conscious correlate like oscillopsia.
- Published
- 2004
28. Prefrontal cortex involvement in preattentive auditory deviance detection
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Erich Schröger, Christian F. Doeller, Wolfgang Reith, Bertram Opitz, and Axel Mecklinger
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Sensory memory ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Mismatch negativity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Superior temporal gyrus ,Neurology ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Middle frontal gyrus ,Psychology ,Prefrontal cortex ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Previous electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that the mismatch negativity (MMN) is generated by a temporofrontal network subserving preattentive auditory change detection. In two experiments we employed event-related brain potentials (ERP) and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural and hemodynamic activity related to deviance processing, using three types of deviant tones (small, medium, and large) in both a pitch and a space condition. In the pitch condition, hemodynamic activity in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG) increased as a function of deviance. Comparisons between small and medium and between small and large deviants revealed right prefrontal activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; BA 44/45) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG; BA 46), whereas large relative to medium deviants led to left and right IFG (BA 44/45) activation. In the ERP experiment the amplitude of the early MMN (90–120 ms) increased as a function of deviance, by this paralleling the right STG activation in the fMRI experiment. A U-shaped relationship between MMN amplitude and the degree of deviance was observed in a late time window (140–170 ms) resembling the right IFG activation pattern. In a subsequent source analysis constrained by fMRI activation foci, early and late MMN activity could be modeled by dipoles placed in the STG and IFG, respectively. In the spatial condition no reliable hemodynamic activation could be observed. The MMN amplitude was substantially smaller than in the pitch condition for all three spatial deviants in the ERP experiment. In contrast to the pitch condition it increased as a function of deviance in the early and in the late time window. We argue that the right IFG mediates auditory deviance detection in case of low discriminability between a sensory memory trace and auditory input. This prefrontal mechanism might be part of top-down modulation of the deviance detection system in the STG.
- Published
- 2003
29. Strukturelle Veränderungen durch Musiktherapie bei akutem Tinnitus – Ergebnisse einer VBM
- Author
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Christoph Krick, M Grapp, H. V. Bolay, J Daneshvar-Talebi, and PK Plinkert
- Subjects
Physiology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) - Published
- 2014
30. Proximal protection with the Gore PAES can reduce DWI lesion size in high-grade stenosis during carotid stenting
- Author
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Silke Walter, Christoph Krick, Kerstin Karp, Klaus Fassbender, Joyce S. Balami, A.L. Kühn, Wolfgang Reith, Iris Q. Grunwald, and Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prosthesis Design ,Severity of Illness Index ,Embolic Protection Devices ,Brain Ischemia ,Lesion ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Germany ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Humans ,Carotid Stenosis ,cardiovascular diseases ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Angioplasty ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Stenosis ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,Predictive value of tests ,Cohort ,Female ,Stents ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Carotid stenting ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
AIMS: The aim was to determine the incidence of new ischaemic lesions on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in a non-randomised cohort of patients after protected and unprotected carotid artery stent placement using the Parodi Anti-Emboli System (PAES). METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective review was conducted on 269 patients who received DWI prior to, and 24-72 hours after, stent placement. All patients were enrolled in one centre. Forty patients stented with the PAES device were matched with 229 patients stented without protection (control group). New diffusion restriction on DWI was detected in 25.8% (PAES) versus 32.3% (control group); p=0.64. On average there were 0.7 lesions (PAES) versus 0.8 lesions (control group) per patient. The area of lesions was 1.7 (PAES) versus 5.6 mm2. In a subanalysis of patients (32 PAES, 148 non-protected) with >80% stenosis, the area of restricted diffusion was less when proximal protection was used (p
- Published
- 2014
31. Visual processing of biological motion in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : an event related potential-study
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Katharina Hof, Christine M. Freitag, Anne Kröger, Tomasz A. Jarczok, Michael Siniatchkin, and Stephan Bender
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual perception ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,lcsh:Medicine ,Neuroimaging ,Neuropsychiatric Disorders ,Audiology ,Biology ,Electroencephalography ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Motion (physics) ,Visual processing ,Motion ,Adolescent Psychiatry ,Neuropsychology ,Event-related potential ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Psychology ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,ddc:610 ,Child ,lcsh:Science ,Evoked Potentials ,Psychiatry ,Child Psychiatry ,Behavior ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,lcsh:R ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Neurology ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ,Case-Control Studies ,Developmental Psychology ,Visual Perception ,Medicine ,lcsh:Q ,Photic Stimulation ,Research Article ,Biological motion - Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often accompanied by problems in social behaviour, which are sometimes similar to some symptoms of autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). However, neuronal mechanisms of ASD-like deficits in ADHD have rarely been studied. The processing of biological motion-recently discussed as a marker of social cognition-was found to be disrupted in ASD in several studies. Thus in the present study we tested if biological motion processing is disrupted in ADHD. We used 64-channel EEG and spatio-temporal source analysis to assess event-related potentials associated with human motion processing in 21 children and adolescents with ADHD and 21 matched typically developing controls. On the behavioural level, all subjects were able to differentiate between human and scrambled motion. But in response to both scrambled and biological motion, the N200 amplitude was decreased in subjects with ADHD. After a spatio-temporal dipole analysis, a human motion specific activation was observable in occipital-temporal regions with a reduced and more diffuse activation in ADHD subjects. These results point towards neuronal determined alterations in the processing of biological motion in ADHD.
- Published
- 2014
32. Visual event-related potentials to biological motion stimuli in autism spectrum disorders
- Author
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Anke Bletsch, Christine M. Freitag, Christoph Krick, Michael Siniatchkin, Anne Kröger, Stephan Bender, and Tomasz A. Jarczok
- Subjects
Male ,genetic structures ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Motion Perception ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Electroencephalography ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Lateralization of brain function ,Visual processing ,Event-related potential ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Motion perception ,Child ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Social Perception ,Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ,Autism ,Evoked Potentials, Visual ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology ,Biological motion - Abstract
Atypical visual processing of biological motion contributes to social impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the exact temporal sequence of deficits of cortical biological motion processing in ASD has not been studied to date. We used 64-channel electroencephalography to study event-related potentials associated with human motion perception in 17 children and adolescents with ASD and 21 typical controls. A spatio-temporal source analysis was performed to assess the brain structures involved in these processes. We expected altered activity already during early stimulus processing and reduced activity during subsequent biological motion specific processes in ASD. In response to both, random and biological motion, the P100 amplitude was decreased suggesting unspecific deficits in visual processing, and the occipito-temporal N200 showed atypical lateralization in ASD suggesting altered hemispheric specialization. A slow positive deflection after 400 ms, reflecting top-down processes, and human motion-specific dipole activation differed slightly between groups, with reduced and more diffuse activation in the ASD-group. The latter could be an indicator of a disrupted neuronal network for biological motion processing in ADS. Furthermore, early visual processing (P100) seems to be correlated to biological motion-specific activation. This emphasizes the relevance of early sensory processing for higher order processing deficits in ASD.
- Published
- 2013
33. Performance of repetitive alternating elbow movements in Parkinson's disease
- Author
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Igna Uhrig, Jörg Spiegel, Christoph Krick, Ulrich Dillmann, Klaus Faßbender, and Stefanie Behnke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,Time Factors ,Elbow ,Hypokinesia ,Motor Activity ,Motor symptoms ,Rhythm ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Forearm ,Healthy volunteers ,Task Performance and Analysis ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Electromyography ,Parkinson Disease ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Duration (music) ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology - Abstract
Background: Bradydiadochokinesia is one main clinical symptom in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The pathogenesis of bradydiadochokinesia is not completely clear. Methods: Fifteen patients with IPD and 15 age-matched healthy volunteers had to perform rhythmic alternating flexion and extension movements in the elbow joint. The rhythm was provided auditorily by a click tone stimulator. Six maneuvers (spatial extents of 48 and 83° at frequencies of 0.45, 0.75 and 1.25 Hz) had to be absolved. The potentiometer converted the horizontal forearm movements into a variable voltage. Results: The duration of single movements varied more significantly in patients than in controls (p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). Patients executed all conditions more slowly than controls, but this difference was only significant at the most difficult condition (83° at 1.25 Hz; p < 0.01). The movement amplitudes or their variability were not significantly different at any condition. No parameter correlated significantly with the motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) or with the duration of disease. Conclusion: An insufficient temporal coordination contributes to bradydiadochokinesia in IPD. This deficit occurs independently of other parkinsonian cardinal motor symptoms.
- Published
- 2013
34. Mechanical recanalization with flow restoration in acute ischemic stroke: the ReFlow (mechanical recanalization with flow restoration in acute ischemic stroke) study
- Author
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Christian, Roth, Wolfgang, Reith, Silke, Walter, Stefanie, Behnke, Michael, Kettner, Julio, Viera, Umut, Yilmaz, Maria, Alexandrou, Maria, Politi, Panagiotis, Kostopoulos, Heiko, Körner, Christoph, Krick, Anton, Haass, Klaus, Fassbender, and Panagiotis, Papanagiotou
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Time Factors ,Mechanical Thrombolysis ,Recovery of Function ,Middle Aged ,Prosthesis Design ,Brain Ischemia ,Stroke ,Disability Evaluation ,Treatment Outcome ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Cerebrovascular Circulation ,Germany ,Feasibility Studies ,Humans ,Female ,Stents ,Prospective Studies ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Aged - Abstract
This study sought to assess the feasibility and safety of a recently described technique of mechanical recanalization with the help of a stent-like device.In the special group of acute stroke patients with an intracranial large vessel occlusion, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator on its own leads to a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) in only 15% to 25% of cases. The aforementioned technique of mechanical recanalization showed very promising clinical results.Forty patients presenting within 6 h from stroke symptom onset were enrolled. Mechanical recanalization was performed using a Solitaire FR revascularization device. The primary endpoint of the study was the clinical outcome rated with the help of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 90 days.Twenty-four patients (60%) showed a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 90 days. One symptomatic hemorrhage was detected on follow-up computed tomography. The death rate was 12.5% (5 patients). Successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction score ≥ 2b) of the target vessel was achieved in 95% of the patients with a mean of 1.8 runs with the device.The ReFlow (Mechanical Recanalization With Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke) study shows that mechanical recanalization with flow restoration is highly effective in stroke patients with a large intracranial vessel occlusion presenting within 4.5 h after symptom onset. (Mechanical Recanalization With Flow Restoration in Acute Ischemic Stroke [ReFlow]; NCT01210729).
- Published
- 2012
35. Different factors influence recanalisation rate after coiling in ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms
- Author
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Jessica Mutter, Anna Luisa Kühn, Iris Q. Grunwald, Joyce S. Balami, Daniela Weber, Kaveh Shariat, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Wolfgang Reith, and Christoph Krick
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ruptured aneurysms ,Aneurysm, Ruptured ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Aneurysm ,Patient age ,Retrospective analysis ,Medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Longitudinal Studies ,A determinant ,Coil embolization ,Retrospective Studies ,Pharmacology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Angiography, Digital Subtraction ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgical Instruments ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Angiography ,cardiovascular system ,Unruptured aneurysm ,Female ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Background: Most studies evaluating long-term efficacy after coil embolisation of intracranial aneurysms have not differentiated between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse factors that influence recanalisation in ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 182 (98 ruptured, 84 unruptured) aneurysms, treated with coil embolisation alone that received follow-up with digital substraction angiography (DSA). Results: At 6 months 26% of the aneurysms showed recanalisation. Multivariate variance analysis revealed that different factors influenced recanalisation in ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. In ruptured aneurysms patient age was a determinant, with younger patients recanalising more frequently than older ones (p = 0.016). Also, low initial packing density led to higher recanalisation rates (p = 0.015) than higher packing. In the unruptured aneurysm group these factors were not significant. Here, only a larger aneurysm volume led to higher recanalisation rates (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Our data suggest that in ruptured aneurysms, high packing density is a key factor to prevent recanalisation, while in unruptured aneurysms, aneurysm volume is the main predictor for recanalisation.
- Published
- 2012
36. Neural Correlates of Recognition Memory in Children with Febrile Seizures: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Author
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Bertram Opitz, Ludwig Gortner, Axel Mecklinger, Juliane Hofmann, Kerstin H. Kipp, Christoph Krick, and Martina Becker
- Subjects
hippocampus ,supramarginal gyrus ,Hippocampus ,Memory development ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Supramarginal gyrus ,medicine ,Semantic memory ,febrile seizures ,Episodic memory ,Biological Psychiatry ,Original Research ,Recognition memory ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Recall ,fMRI ,episodic memory ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,recognition ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,memory development - Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are assumed to not have adverse long-term effects on cognitive development. Nevertheless, FS are often associated with hippocampal sclerosis which can imply episodic memory deficits. This interrelation has hardly been studied so far. In the current study 13 children who had suffered from FS during infancy and 14 control children (7 to 9-years-old) were examined for episodic and semantic memory with standardized neuropsychological tests. Furthermore, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we studied neuronal activation while the children performed a continuous recognition memory task. The analysis of the behavioral data of the neuropsychological tests and the recognition memory experiment did not reveal any between-group differences in memory performance. Consistent with other studies fMRI revealed repetition enhancement effects for both groups in a variety of brain regions (e.g., right middle frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus) and a repetition suppression effect in the right superior temporal gyrus. Different neural activation patterns between both groups were obtained selectively within the right supramarginal gyrus (BA 40). In the control group correct rejections of new items were associated with stronger activation than correctly identified old items (HITs) whereas in the FS group no difference occurred. On the background that the right supramarginal gyrus is assumed to mediate a top-down process to internally direct attention toward recollected information, the results could indicate that control children used strategic recollection in order to reject new items (recall-to-reject). In contrast, the missing effect in the FS group could reflect a lack of strategy use, possibly due to impaired recollective processing. This study demonstrates that FS, even with mainly benign courses, can be accompanied by selective modifications in the neural structures underlying recognition memory.
- Published
- 2012
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37. fMRI correlates of working memory: specific posterior representation sites for motion and position information
- Author
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Hubert D. Zimmer, Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Reith, and Katja Umla-Runge
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Motion Perception ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Spatial memory ,Lateralization of brain function ,Young Adult ,Visual memory ,Perception ,Humans ,Motion perception ,Molecular Biology ,media_common ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,Working memory ,General Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Superior temporal sulcus ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Memory, Short-Term ,Space Perception ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cues ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Photic Stimulation ,Psychomotor Performance ,Developmental Biology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
We assume that working memory is provided by a network comprising domain-general anterior and different domain-specific posterior brain areas depending on the type of stimulus and the task demands. Based on imaging studies from perception, we hypothesized that dynamic spatial (motion) and static spatial (position) information can be dissociated during retention in working memory. Participants were presented with a moving dot. About one second after stimulus presentation, a cue indicated whether its motion or end position should be held in memory. Six seconds later, a second stimulus was shown which was to be compared with the first one with respect to identity on the cued dimension. In the baseline condition, the cue indicated that no memory task would follow. We contrasted activity during maintenance of the different features. Differential activations in regions related to motion perception (area hMT/V5+, superior temporal sulcus) were observed in the motion working memory task. For position working memory, enhanced activations in a right brain region at the temporo-parieto-occipital junction emerged. The results are discussed with respect to domain-specific regions active in perception and how they can be also involved in short term retention for those very features. It is suggested that two types of spatial information categories can be dissociated: dynamic spatial (motion) and static spatial (position) information seem to be processed by different working memory structures.
- Published
- 2010
38. Influence of carotid artery stenting on cognitive function
- Author
-
Tilman Supprian, Maria Politi, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Christoph Krick, Verena Vedder, Anton Haass, Iris Q. Grunwald, K. Zercher, Wolfgang Reith, B. Muscalla, and Martin Backens
- Subjects
Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Neurology ,Perfusion scanning ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Asymptomatic ,Cognition ,Memory ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Carotid Stenosis ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Neuroradiology ,Sex Characteristics ,business.industry ,Angioplasty ,Neuropsychology ,Brain ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Stenosis ,Carotid Arteries ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Treatment Outcome ,Cardiology ,Female ,Stents ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There have only been a few studies on cognitive changes in patients with carotid occlusive disease, and the results of these show major discrepancies in the extent to which treatment affects neuropsychological function. We sought to clarify these discrepancies by evaluating the effects of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on the cognitive function. METHODS: Forty-one asymptomatic CAS patients were administered a test battery of neuropsychological tests measuring cognitive speed and memory function before and 3 months after the procedure. A control group was also evaluated. To test for thromboembolic lesions, diffusion-weighted imaging was used. RESULTS: CAS led to a significant increase in cognitive speed (p
- Published
- 2010
39. Assessment of aversive stimuli dependent attentional binding by the N170 VEP component
- Author
-
Christoph Krick, Tina Weis, Michael Busse, Mai Mariam, Wolfgang Reith, Lars Haab, and Daniel J. Strauss
- Subjects
Adult ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Anger ,Kinesics ,medicine ,Humans ,Nonverbal Communication ,Habituation ,Habituation, Psychophysiologic ,Evoked Potentials ,media_common ,Neurons ,Facial expression ,Models, Statistical ,Communication ,Mental Disorders ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Cognition ,Fear ,Amygdala ,medicine.disease ,Disgust ,Facial Expression ,Body language ,Pattern Recognition, Visual ,Autism ,Aversive Stimulus ,Psychology ,Algorithms ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
For social species nonverbal communication by assessment of emotion expression is crucial for building up and maintaining social structures. In humans, body language not only includes gestures but also a variety of facial expressions. Negative associated facial expressions, e.g. disgust, fear, anger call for a higher attentional binding due their evolutionary background, denoting directly personal dangers for the receptive individual. In a number of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or autism spectrum diseases, the assessment of emotions in faces is disturbed, leading to even more pronounced social cuts. In this article we present a new methodology for monitoring the attentional binding to emotion-tinged stimuli in a face recognition task. We were able to demonstrate a significant difference in habituation behavior to neutral and negative associated faces respectively. In future, this methodology might provide a fast and reliable scheme for the detection of psychiatric disorders comprising dysfunction of limbic structures.
- Published
- 2009
40. Modified memory processes in children with febrile seizures: Analysis of event-related potentials
- Author
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Christoph Krick, Mohammed Ghiath Shamdeen, M Becker, A. von Gontard, K Gerstner, S Tuglaci, Ludwig Gortner, Kerstin H. Kipp, Sascha Meyer, Wolfgang Reith, and Axel Mecklinger
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Event-related potential ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Medicine ,Audiology ,business - Published
- 2008
41. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve in acute isolated peripheral facial palsy
- Author
-
Ulrich Dillmann, C Chelius, Klaus Fassbender, J. Koenig, Christoph Krick, J Spiegel, G. Heide, and M. Marziniak
- Subjects
Transcranial magnetic stimulation ,Peripheral facial palsy ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,business ,Facial nerve - Published
- 2008
42. Impairment of fronto-striatal and parietal cerebral networks correlates with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) psychopathology in adults - a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study
- Author
-
Marc Schneider, Christoph Krick, Wolfgang Retz, G. Hengesch, Petra Retz-Junginger, Wolfgang Reith, and Michael Rösler
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Statistics as Topic ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Audiology ,Insular cortex ,Impulsivity ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Brain mapping ,Choice Behavior ,Functional Laterality ,Young Adult ,Parietal Lobe ,mental disorders ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Corpus Striatum ,Frontal Lobe ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, genetically transmitted common childhood-onset disorder with a high rate of persistence in adulthood. Although many studies have shown anatomical and functional abnormalities in children and adolescents, studies with adult patients are rare. Nineteen adults with ADHD (11 ADHD, combined type; 8 ADHD, partially remitted) and 17 controls were included in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Brain activation was investigated with a continuous performance test (CPT). Impaired activation of a fronto-striatal and a parietal attentional network was observed during the NoGo condition in ADHD subjects. Correlations of reduced activity of the caudate nuclei, the anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortical structures, as well as increased activity in the insular cortex, with inattention and impulsivity symptom scores were found. The activation patterns were similar to those known from children and adolescents with ADHD. In conclusion we found not only a widespread dysfunction of brain regions that are involved in cognitive processing in adults with ADHD compared with controls, but also correlations between symptom severity and dysfunction of neuronal systems across adult subjects with a history of ADHD in childhood but whose symptoms did (persistent ADHD) and did not (not persistent ADHD) qualify for a full diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood.
- Published
- 2008
43. Perception of biological motion in autism spectrum disorders
- Author
-
Melanie Häberlen, Christoph Krick, Alexander von Gontard, Nikolaus F. Troje, Wolfgang Reith, Christine M. Freitag, Carsten Konrad, and Christina Kleser
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,genetic structures ,Adolescent ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gross motor skill ,Motion Perception ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Functional Laterality ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Perception ,Adaptation, Psychological ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Motion perception ,Autistic Disorder ,media_common ,Temporal cortex ,Intelligence Tests ,Brain Mapping ,Sex Characteristics ,Body movement ,medicine.disease ,Imitative Behavior ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Biological motion perception ,Motor Skills ,Space Perception ,Linear Models ,Autism ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation ,Biological motion - Abstract
In individuals with autism or autism-spectrum-disorder (ASD), conflicting results have been reported regarding the processing of biological motion tasks. As biological motion perception and recognition might be related to impaired imitation, gross motor skills and autism specific psychopathology in individuals with ASD, we performed a functional MRI study on biological motion perception in a sample of 15 adolescent and young adult individuals with ASD and typically developing, age, sex and IQ matched controls. Neuronal activation during biological motion perception was compared between groups, and correlation patterns of imitation, gross motor and behavioral measures with neuronal activation were explored. Differences in local gray matter volume between groups as well as correlation patterns of psychopathological measures with gray matter volume were additionally compared. On the behavioral level, recognition of biological motion was assessed by a reaction time (RT) task. Groups differed strongly with regard to neuronal activation and RT, and differential correlation patterns with behavioral as well as with imitation and gross motor abilities were elicited across and within groups. However, contrasting with the initial hypothesis, additional differences between groups were observed during perception and recognition of spatially moving point lights in general irrespective of biological motion. Results either point towards difficulties in higher-order motion perception or in the integration of complex motion information in the association cortex. This interpretation is supported by differences in gray matter volume as well as correlation with repetitive behavior bilaterally in the parietal cortex and the right medial temporal cortex. The specific correlation of neuronal activation during biological motion perception with hand-finger imitation, dynamic balance and diadochokinesis abilities emphasizes the possible relevance of difficulties in biological motion perception or impaired self-other matching for action imitation and gross motor difficulties in individuals with ASD.
- Published
- 2007
44. Orthostatic tremor during modification of standing
- Author
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J. Spiegel, Ulrich Dillmann, G. Becker, Gerhard Fuss, and Christoph Krick
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Sensory Systems ,Orthostatic tremor - Abstract
Orthostatic tremor during modification of standing: P1263 J. Spiegel;C. Krick;G. Fuss;G. Becker;U. Dillmann; European Journal of Neurology Supplement
- Published
- 2006
45. Reversal of flow during carotid artery stenting: use of the Parodi antiembolism system
- Author
-
Tobias Struffert, Christoph Krick, F. Ahlhelm, Bernd F. M. Romaike, Wolfgang Reith, Iris Q. Grunwald, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, and Maria Politi
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Carotid arteries ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Catheterization ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Carotid Stenosis ,cardiovascular diseases ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Angiography ,equipment and supplies ,respiratory tract diseases ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Intracranial Embolism ,Regional Blood Flow ,Circulatory system ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,Stents ,Neurology (clinical) ,Carotid stenting ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Embolic Protection Filters ,Blood Flow Velocity ,Artery - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the flow reversal efficacy of the Parodi antiembolism system (PAES) in the prevention of distal emboli during carotid stenting. METHODS: A total of 90 patients were treated for internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis with a stent device. A PAES device was used in 31 symptomatic and 5 asymptomatic patients (total 36 patients) with ICA stenosis, and 54 patients were stented without any protection device. Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging was performed before and after stenting. RESULTS: In the group without PAES protection, 23 out of 54 patients showed new lesions on DW images after stenting. Of the lesions seen, 147 (2.72 lesions/patient) were in the vessel-dependent area. In the group with protection, 19 out of 36 patients had new lesions, and only 34 (0.94 lesions/patient) were noted in the vessel-dependent area. The number of new lesions in the nondependent vessel area did not differ if a protection system was used (P = 0.671). The use of PAES led to a significant reduction (P = 0.024) in the incidence of the most frequently seen lesions (size
- Published
- 2006
46. Prefrontal-hippocampal dynamics involved in learning regularities across episodes
- Author
-
Christoph Krick, Christian F. Doeller, Axel Mecklinger, Bertram Opitz, and Wolfgang Reith
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Inferior frontal gyrus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Activation pattern ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Learning ,Invariant (mathematics) ,Prefrontal cortex ,Neural correlates of consciousness ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Ventral striatum ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the neural correlates of context-specific memories and invariant memories about regularities across episodes were investigated. Volunteers had to learn conjunctions between objects and positions. In an invariant learning condition, positions were held constant, enabling subjects to learn regularities across trials. By contrast, in a context-specific condition object-position conjunctions were trial unique. Performance increase in the invariant learning condition was paralleled by a learning-related increase of inferior frontal gyrus activation and ventral striatal activation and a decrease of hippocampus activation. Conversely, in the context-specific condition hippocampal activation was constant across trials. We argue that the learning-related hippocampal activation pattern might be due to reduced relational binding requirements once regularities are extracted. Furthermore, we propose that the learning-related prefrontal modulation reflects the requirement to extract and maintain regularities across trials and the adjustment of object-position conjunctions on the basis of the extracted knowledge. Finally, our data suggest that the ventral striatum encodes the increased predictability of spatial features as a function of learning. Taken together, these results indicate a transition of the relative roles of distinct brain regions during learning regularities across multiple episodes: regularity learning is characterized by a shift from a hippocampal to a prefrontal-striatal brain system.
- Published
- 2005
47. Differential hippocampal and prefrontal-striatal contributions to instance-based and rule-based learning
- Author
-
Christoph Krick, Christian F. Doeller, Wolfgang Reith, Bertram Opitz, and Axel Mecklinger
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Computer science ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Hippocampus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Striatum ,Hippocampal formation ,Text mining ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Learning ,Instance-based learning ,Prefrontal cortex ,business.industry ,Contrast (statistics) ,Rule-based system ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Neostriatum ,Oxygen ,Neurology ,Female ,business ,Neuroscience ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
It is a topic of current interest whether learning in humans relies on the acquisition of abstract rule knowledge (rule-based learning) or whether it depends on superficial item-specific information (instance-based learning). Here, we identified brain regions that mediate either of the two learning mechanisms by combining fMRI with an experimental protocol shown to be able to dissociate both learning mechanisms. Subjects had to learn object-position conjunctions in several trials and blocks. In a learning condition, either objects (Experiment 1) or positions (Experiment 2) were held constant within-blocks. In contrast to a control condition in which object–position conjunctions were trial-unique, a performance increase within and across-blocks was observed in the learning condition of both experiments. We hypothesized that within-block learning mainly relies on instance-based processes, whereas across-block learning might depend on rule-based mechanisms. A within-block parametric fMRI analysis revealed a learning-related increase of lateral prefrontal and striatal activity and a learning-related decrease of hippocampal activity in both experiments. By contrast, across-block learning was associated with an activation modulation in distinct prefrontal-striatal brain regions, but not in the hippocampus. These data indicate that hippocampal and prefrontal-striatal brain regions differentially contribute to instance-based and rule-based learning.
- Published
- 2005
48. FMRI activation patterns in adult patients with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Author
-
Marc Schneider, Michael Rösler, W. Reith, Christoph Krick, G. Hengesch, and Wolfgang Retz
- Subjects
Adult patients ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.disease ,Developmental psychology ,Clinical psychology - Published
- 2004
49. Screening for Early Stages of Nigrostriatal Alteration (II): Gait Pattern in Healthy Subjects with Increased Echogenicity of the Substantia Nigra
- Author
-
S. Behnke, Christoph Krick, J. Krämer, and Ulrich Dillmann
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Increased echogenicity ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,Healthy subjects ,Medicine ,Substantia nigra ,Neurology (clinical) ,Anatomy ,Gait pattern ,business - Published
- 2004
50. Screening for Early Stages of Nigrostriatal Alteration (I): MR-T2-Relaxation and TCS in Healthy Subjects with Increased Echogenity of the SN
- Author
-
U. Schröder, Ulrich Dillmann, Wolfgang Reith, Christoph Krick, G. Becker, Mathias Schreckenberger, Gerhard Fuss, and S. Behnke
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Physiology (medical) ,T2 relaxation ,Healthy subjects ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Published
- 2004
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