75 results on '"Neftel K"'
Search Results
2. The stereochemistry of the amino acid side chain influences the inflammatory potential of muramyl dipeptide in experimental meningitis.
- Author
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Cottagnoud P, Gerber CM, Majcherczyk PA, Acosta F, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, Moreillon P, and Täuber MG
- Subjects
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine chemistry, Animals, Humans, Leukocytes drug effects, Leukocytes physiology, Molecular Conformation, Rabbits, Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha biosynthesis, Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine toxicity, Inflammation etiology, Meningitis etiology
- Abstract
Intrathecal injections of 50 to 100 micro g of (N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) muramyl dipeptide (MDP)/rabbit dose-dependently triggered tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion (12 to 40,000 pg/ml) preceding the influx of leukocytes in the subarachnoid space of rabbits. Intrathecal instillation of heat-killed unencapsulated R6 pneumococci produced a comparable leukocyte influx but only a minimal level of preceding TNF-alpha secretion. The stereochemistry of the first amino acid (L-alanine) of the MDP played a crucial role with regard to its inflammatory potential. Isomers harboring D-alanine in first position did not induce TNF-alpha secretion and influx of leukocytes. This stereospecificity of MDPs was also confirmed by measuring TNF-alpha release from human peripheral mononuclear blood cells stimulated in vitro. These data show that the inflammatory potential of MDPs depends on the stereochemistry of the first amino acid of the peptide side chain and suggest that intact pneumococci and MDPs induce inflammation by different pathways.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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3. Hyperferritinemia as indicator for intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in reactive macrophage activation syndromes.
- Author
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Emmenegger U, Frey U, Reimers A, Fux C, Semela D, Cottagnoud P, Spaeth PJ, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Blood Cells, Female, Hematologic Diseases complications, Hematologic Diseases physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phagocytosis, Still's Disease, Adult-Onset complications, Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Ferritins blood, Hematologic Diseases drug therapy, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous, Macrophage Activation drug effects, Macrophage Activation physiology
- Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of reactive macrophage activation syndromes (rMAS) are not understood in detail, and there is no specific treatment. This observational study was prompted by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), dramatically halting two distinct rMAS episodes in the same patient. We evaluated the potential benefits of IVIG administration in treating fulminant rMAS and the usefulness of monitoring serum ferritin levels as an indication for emergency treatment with IVIG. Ten females and 10 males experiencing 22 episodes of rMAS were recruited on the basis of serum ferritin levels >or=10,000 microg/l and/or direct evidence of haemophagocytosis in 11 intensive care units in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Switzerland between October 1993 and May 2000. In individual patients, serially measured ferritin was closely related to disease activity. Abrupt increases of up to >100,000 microg/l could be observed within hours. Rapid and profound beneficial effects of emergency IVIG treatment were seen in 12 episodes of rMAS accompanied by a prompt decrease of serum ferritin. IVIG produced partial or delayed improvements in 5 patients. No apparent effects were seen in 5 patients. IVIG was only successful if started early during the ferritin run-up to peak values. In conclusion, IVIG is effective in at least a subgroup of adult rMAS when started at the beginning of the macrophage activation process. The monitoring of serum ferritin levels might be helpful in detecting macrophage activation in order to commence IVIG treatment early enough., (Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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4. Anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro of ceftazidime degradation products.
- Author
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Hobi R, Hübscher U, Neftel K, Alteri E, Poncioni B, Walker MR, Woods-Cook K, Schneider P, and Lazdins JK
- Subjects
- Anti-HIV Agents chemistry, CD4 Antigens metabolism, Ceftazidime chemistry, Chromatography, Gel, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 metabolism, HIV Reverse Transcriptase antagonists & inhibitors, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, HIV-1 enzymology, HIV-1 physiology, Humans, Hydrolysis, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear virology, Molecular Weight, Protein Binding, Time Factors, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Virus Replication drug effects, Anti-HIV Agents metabolism, Anti-HIV Agents pharmacology, Ceftazidime metabolism, Ceftazidime pharmacology, HIV-1 drug effects
- Abstract
Cephalosporins in aqueous solutions generate degradation products that inhibit in vitro HIV-1 replication in cell lines, as well as in primary cells (lymphocytes and macrophages). This effect is observed at concentrations that do not interfere with the normal functions of these cells. Upon chromatographic fractionation of an aqueous solution of hydrolysed ceftazidime, a high molecular weight fraction (MW 8000) with antiviral activity was isolated. The exact chemical nature of the active component responsible for the anti-HIV activity in vitro appears to be complex and is currently unknown. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and RNase H activity was observed, however, higher concentrations than those needed to inhibit HIV replication were required. The inhibitory action of the hydrolysed ceftazidime was manifested during the early phase of the HIV-1 life-cycle. Despite a lack of a direct effect of the CD4/gp120 interaction, HIV-1 mediated cell fusion was inhibited by the hydrolysed ceftazidime, suggesting that the active principle acts in a very early stage of the viral life-cycle.
- Published
- 2001
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5. Linezolid against penicillin-sensitive and -resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model.
- Author
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Cottagnoud P, Gerber CM, Acosta F, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, and Täuber MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Linezolid, Rabbits, Acetamides pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Oxazolidinones pharmacology, Penicillin Resistance, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
- Abstract
Linezolid, a new oxazolidinone antibiotic, showed good penetration (38+/-4%) into the meninges of rabbits with levels in the CSF ranging from 9.5 to 1.8 mg/L after two i.v. injections (20 mg/kg). Linezolid was clearly less effective than ceftriaxone against a penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal strain. Against a penicillin-resistant strain, linezolid had slightly inferior killing rates compared with the standard regimen (ceftriaxone combined with vancomycin). In vitro, linezolid was marginally bactericidal at concentrations above the MIC (5 x and 10 x MIC).
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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6. Synergy between trovafloxacin and ceftriaxone against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model and in vitro.
- Author
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Cottagnoud P, Acosta F, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, and Täuber MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents cerebrospinal fluid, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Ceftriaxone cerebrospinal fluid, Ceftriaxone pharmacology, Cephalosporins cerebrospinal fluid, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Synergism, Drug Therapy, Combination, Meningitis, Pneumococcal cerebrospinal fluid, Meningitis, Pneumococcal microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Naphthyridines cerebrospinal fluid, Naphthyridines pharmacology, Penicillin Resistance, Pneumococcal Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Pneumococcal Infections microbiology, Rabbits, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Fluoroquinolones, Meningitis, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Naphthyridines therapeutic use, Pneumococcal Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
The bactericidal activities of monotherapy with trovafloxacin (-0.37 +/- 0.15 Delta log(10) CFU/ml. h), vancomycin (-0.32 +/- 0.12 Delta log(10) CFU/ml. h), and ceftriaxone (-0.36 +/- 0.19 Delta log(10) CFU/ml. h) for the treatment of experimental meningitis in rabbits due to a clinical penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strain (MIC, 4 mg/liter) were similar. The combination of ceftriaxone with trovafloxacin considerably improved the killing rates (-0.67 +/- 0.16 Delta log(10) CFU/ml. h) and was slightly superior to ceftriaxone with vancomycin (killing rate, -0.53 +/- 0. 22 Delta log(10) CFU/ml. h), the regimen most commonly used in clinical practice. In vitro, synergy was demonstrated between ceftriaxone and trovafloxacin by the checkerboard method (fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.5) and by time-killing assays over 8 h.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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7. Grepafloxacin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model.
- Author
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Gerber CM, Tovar L, Cottagnoud M, Neftel KA, Täuber MG, and Cottagnoud P
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents cerebrospinal fluid, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacokinetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillin Resistance, Piperazines cerebrospinal fluid, Piperazines pharmacokinetics, Rabbits, Vancomycin pharmacology, Vancomycin Resistance, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Fluoroquinolones, Meningitis, Pneumococcal microbiology, Piperazines pharmacology, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects
- Abstract
Grepafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, produced bactericidal activity comparable to that of vancomycin and ceftriaxone in the treatment in rabbits of meningitis caused by a pneumococcal strain highly resistant to penicillin (MIC 4 mg/L) (triangle uplog(10) cfu/mL*h for grepafloxacin, -0.32 +/- 0.15; dose, 15 mg/kg iv; triangle uplog(10) cfu/mL*h for vancomycin, -0.39 +/- 0.18; dose, 2 x 20 mg/kg iv; triangle uplog(10) cfu/mL*h for ceftriaxone, -0.32 +/- 0. 12; dose, 125 mg/kg iv). Higher doses of grepafloxacin (30 mg/kg and 2 x 50 mg/kg) did not improve the killing rates. The combination of grepafloxacin with vancomycin was not significantly superior to monotherapies (P > 0.05). In vitro, grepafloxacin was bactericidal at concentrations above the MIC. Using concentrations around the MIC, addition of vancomycin to grepafloxacin showed synergic activity.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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8. Elevation of soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand in reactive macrophage activation syndromes.
- Author
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Emmenegger U, Zehnder R, Frey U, Reimers A, Spaeth PJ, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Fas Ligand Protein, Female, Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell blood, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Solubility, Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell physiopathology, Macrophage Activation, Membrane Glycoproteins blood, fas Receptor blood
- Abstract
Derailed T-cell activation can give rise to life-threatening macrophage activation, the final common pathway of the different forms of reactive macrophage activation syndromes (rMAS). Besides inappropriate activation of the immune system, impaired termination of immune responses might be another mechanism leading to rMAS. The Fas (CD95)/Fas ligand (CD95 ligand) system functions in turning off immune responses by executing activation-induced cell death (AICD). Soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (sFasL) can interfere with their corresponding membrane-bound counterparts, qualifying them as potential parameters of impaired immune termination. Hence, sFas and sFasL were analyzed in sera of rMAS patients. We show that soluble Fas/CD95 (sFas) is elevated >2 SD over the mean of controls in all 8 rMAS episodes studied (mean 12.08 +/- 6.12 ng/mL, range 3.7-20.2; controls 2.46 +/- 0.49, range 1.5-2.9). sFasL was detected during five rMAS episodes (0.70 +/- 0.49 ng/mL, range 0.16-1.28; controls all below the limit of detection of 0.1). In addition, both parameters decrease during convalescence, reflecting clinical evolution. In conclusion, sFas seems to be consistently elevated during acute rMAS. sFasL is detected only in a subgroup of our adult rMAS patients extending the recent finding of sFasL elevation in a majority of children with macrophage activation syndromes (Hasegawa et al. Blood 1998;91(8):2793-2799). By interfering with AICD, sFas and sFasL might contribute to the pathogenesis of at least a subset of rMAS., (Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
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9. Evaluation of cefepime alone and in combination with vancomycin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model and in vitro.
- Author
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Gerber CM, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, Täuber MG, and Cottagnoud P
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone pharmacology, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Therapy, Combination pharmacology, Penicillin Resistance, Rabbits, Vancomycin pharmacology, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination therapeutic use, Meningitis, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Vancomycin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Cefepime, a broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin, showed excellent CSF penetration with levels ranging between 10 and 16 mg/L after two intravenous injections (100 mg/kg). The bactericidal activity of cefepime (-0.60 +/- 0.28 Deltalog(10) cfu/mL/h) was superior to that of ceftriaxone (-0.34 +/- 0.23 Deltalog(10) cfu/mL/h, P < 0.05) and vancomycin (-0.39 +/- 0.19 Deltalog(10) cfu/mL/h, P < 0.05) in the treatment of rabbits with meningitis caused by an isolate highly resistant to penicillin (MIC of penicillin G: 4 mg/L). The addition of vancomycin to both cephalosporins did not significantly increase the killing rate compared with monotherapies (P > 0.05). Similar results were obtained in time-killing experiments in vitro.
- Published
- 2000
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10. Meropenem alone and in combination with vancomycin in experimental meningitis caused by a penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strain.
- Author
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Gerber CM, Cottagnoud M, Neftel KA, Täuber MG, and Cottagnoud P
- Subjects
- Animals, Ceftriaxone cerebrospinal fluid, Ceftriaxone pharmacology, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Cephalosporins cerebrospinal fluid, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Colony Count, Microbial, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Therapy, Combination cerebrospinal fluid, Drug Therapy, Combination pharmacology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal microbiology, Meropenem, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillin Resistance, Rabbits, Thienamycins cerebrospinal fluid, Thienamycins pharmacology, Vancomycin cerebrospinal fluid, Vancomycin pharmacology, Drug Therapy, Combination therapeutic use, Meningitis, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Thienamycins therapeutic use, Vancomycin therapeutic use
- Abstract
In a rabbit model of meningitis caused by a pneumococcus highly resistant to penicillin (MIC, 4 microg/ml), meropenem, a broad-spectrum carbapenem, was bactericidal (-0.48+/-0.14 deltalog10 cfu/ml h) and slightly superior to ceftriaxone (-0.34+/-0.23 deltalog10 cfu/ml x h) and vancomycin (-0.39+/-0.19 deltalog10 cfu/ml x h). Although the combination of vancomycin with ceftriaxone was significantly more active than ceftriaxone alone (-0.55+/-0.19 deltalog10 cfu/ml x h), only an insignificant gain was observed by the addition of vancomycin to meropenem (-0.55+/-0.28 deltalog10 cfu/ml x h).
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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11. Trovafloxacin in combination with vancomycin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model.
- Author
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Rodoni D, Hänni F, Gerber CM, Cottagnoud M, Neftel K, Täuber MG, and Cottagnoud P
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents cerebrospinal fluid, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents cerebrospinal fluid, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Therapy, Combination, Meningitis, Pneumococcal metabolism, Naphthyridines cerebrospinal fluid, Naphthyridines pharmacology, Penicillin Resistance, Rabbits, Streptococcus pneumoniae drug effects, Time Factors, Vancomycin cerebrospinal fluid, Vancomycin pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Fluoroquinolones, Meningitis, Pneumococcal drug therapy, Naphthyridines therapeutic use, Vancomycin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, produced bactericidal activity (-0.33 +/- 0.13 delta log10 CFU/ml.h; intravenously [i.v.] administered dose, 15 mg/kg) comparable to that of vancomycin (-0.39 +/- 0.18 delta log10 CFU/ml.h; i.v. admininistered dose, 20 mg/kg) in the treatment of experimental meningitis in rabbits due to a pneumococcal strain highly resistant to penicillin (MIC of penicillin G, 4 micrograms/ml). The combination of both drugs significantly increased (P < 0.05) the killing rate (-0.60 +/- 0.23 delta log10 CFU/ml.h) compared to that produced by either monotherapy. These results were also confirmed in vitro.
- Published
- 1999
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12. From signal generation to proof of new drug event combinations in the comprehensive hospital drug monitoring, Berne/St. Gallen, 1974-1993; four examples.
- Author
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Hoigné R, Zoppi M, Fischer-Török M, Hunziker T, Weiss M, Zehnder D, Hess T, Mueller U, Neftel KA, Galeazzi RL, and Maibach R
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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13. False positive results for leucocytes in urine dipstick test with common antibiotics.
- Author
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Beer JH, Vogt A, Neftel K, and Cottagnoud P
- Subjects
- False Positive Reactions, Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases urine, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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14. Painful dysaesthesia with ciprofloxacin.
- Author
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Zehnder D, Hoigné R, Neftel KA, and Sieber R
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Ciprofloxacin adverse effects, Pain chemically induced, Paresthesia chemically induced
- Published
- 1995
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15. [Frequency of antibiotics-associated colitis in hospitalized patients in 1974-1991 in "Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring", Bern/St. Gallen].
- Author
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Zehnder D, Künzi UP, Maibach R, Zoppi M, Halter F, Neftel KA, Müller U, Galeazzi RL, Hess T, and Hoigné R
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cephalosporins adverse effects, Confidence Intervals, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous chemically induced, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Penicillins adverse effects, Switzerland, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Colitis chemically induced
- Abstract
In 3 divisions of internal medicine of teaching hospitals of the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM) Foundation Bern/St Gallen, 42,920 patients consecutively admitted between 1974-1991 were investigated for adverse drug reactions. Of these 16,150 patients (38%) had received at least one systemically administered antibacterial drug during the hospital stay. Antibiotic-associated colitis included the following diagnoses: pseudomembranous colitis, hemorrhagic colitis and milder forms of colitis. We collected the data of these patients by searching for all diagnoses which might represent antibiotic-associated colitis (from the list of WHO adverse drug reaction terminology). 9 individual patients with one episode of probable antibiotic-associated colitis were found. In 5 of these cases, only one drug given during the hospital stay seemed to be implicated. An additional 32 patients were admitted with antibiotic-associated colitis in relation to treatment with the same groups of drugs before hospital admission. Based on the exposure pattern of the 9 patients with antibiotic-associated colitis compared to all patients exposed during hospital stay, we estimated the following frequencies related to the drug groups with at least 1,000 patients exposed: for all antibacterial chemotherapeutics 0.6/1000 (0.25-1.06); all penicillins 0.6/1000 (0.22-1.32), for benzyl-, phenoxy-, ureido-, isoxazolyl penicillins and methicillin 2.0/1000 (0.42-5.92) and aminopenicillin or analogues, with or without clavulanic acid 0.6/1000 (0.18-1.35). For cephalosporins the frequency is 1.4/1000 (0.17-5.12). Under sulfonamides combined with trimethoprim or related substances (5077 exposed patients) and fluoroquinolones (1043 exposed patients) no case was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1995
16. Weil's disease after a rat bite.
- Author
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Cerny A, Ettlin D, Betschen K, Berchtold E, Hottinger S, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Bites and Stings complications, Leptospirosis transmission, Rats, Zoonoses
- Published
- 1992
17. [Livedo reticularis and multiple vascular occlusions in a patient with HLA-B27-negative spondyloarthrosis and antiphospholipid antibodies].
- Author
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Cerny A, Hauser C, Eich G, Sieber R, Hottinger S, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Aged, Arterioles, Autoantibodies isolation & purification, Cardiolipins immunology, Humans, Male, Antiphospholipid Syndrome immunology, Arterial Occlusive Diseases complications, Skin blood supply, Spondylitis, Ankylosing complications
- Abstract
We report the case of a 74-year-old patient with HLA-B27 negative spondylarthropathy presenting with acute disseminated vascular occlusions. The presence of livedo reticularis prompted a search for antiphospholipid antibodies which were found to be markedly elevated. Histopathological examination revealed noninflammatory vascular obstruction. The clinical evolution was rapidly fatal in spite of corticosteroid treatment. Livedo reticularis can be an important diagnostic clue to various types of underlying disease. Increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies have been associated with thrombosis and thromboembolism, especially in the context of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. This paper reports antiphospholipid antibody-associated noninflammatory vascular occlusions in a patient with HLA-B27 negative spondylarthropathy. The pathogenetic mechanism of antiphospholipid antibody-mediated vascular occlusions is not completely understood and optimal therapy remains to be defined.
- Published
- 1992
18. HP 0.35, a cephalosporin degradation product is a specific inhibitor of lentiviral RNAses H.
- Author
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Hafkemeyer P, Neftel K, Hobi R, Pfaltz A, Lutz H, Lüthi K, Focher F, Spadari S, and Hübscher U
- Subjects
- Animals, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes microbiology, Cats, Cattle, Ceftazidime metabolism, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Endoribonucleases isolation & purification, Escherichia coli enzymology, HIV-1 drug effects, HeLa Cells enzymology, Humans, Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline drug effects, Kinetics, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase isolation & purification, Ribonuclease H, Simplexvirus enzymology, Thymus Gland enzymology, Ceftazidime pharmacology, Endoribonucleases antagonists & inhibitors, HIV-1 enzymology, Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline enzymology, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Thiazoles pharmacology
- Abstract
Penicillins, cephalosporins and other betalactam antibiotics are widely used antibacterial drugs. Recently it was found that some of them also have effects on proliferating eukaryotic cells (Neftel, K.A. and Hübscher, U. (1987) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31, 1657-1661), and one such effect was shown to be the inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha (Huynh Do,U., Neftel, K.A., Spadari, S. and Hübscher, U. (1987) Nucl. Acids Res. 15, 10495-10506). The data suggested that degradation products of betalactam antibiotics were responsible for the inhibitory effect on DNA polymerase alpha. There is some confirmation at the structural level, since we found that penicillin binding proteins, the natural target of the cephalosporins, share amino-acid homologies to DNA polymerases and also to reverse transcriptase from HIV1 (Hafkemeyer, P., Neftel, K.A. and Hübscher, U. Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 12, 43-46, 1990). We have purified and determined the structure of one product from the cephalosporin Ceftazidim and found one molecule (HP 0.35) that did not interfere with eukaryotic cell proliferation but rather had a specific inhibitory effect on the RNase H activity of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) reverse transcriptases, while the DNA polymerising activity of these enzymes was not affected. RNases H from HeLa cells, calf thymus and Escherichia coli on the other hand were much less affected by HP 0.35. The inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) was more than 10 times lower compared to those of all cellular RNases H. We therefore tested the effect of HP 0.35 on in vitro lentivirus infection as exemplified by FIV-infection of CD(4+)-cat lymphocytes in cell culture. Under conditions where cell proliferation was absolutely unaffected, HP 0.35 was able to inhibit FIV-infection in CD(4+)-cat lymphocytes. Moreover, preincubation of these lymphocytes with HP 0.35 rendered the cells completely unsusceptible to FIV-infection. These data suggest that a degradation product of a clinically used betalactam antibiotic might represent an effective inhibitor class for lentiviral RNase H.
- Published
- 1991
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19. Detection of antidrug IgG antibodies in patients with adverse drug reactions to amodiaquine.
- Author
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Clarke JB, Neftel K, Kitteringham NR, and Park BK
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Amodiaquine adverse effects, Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic biosynthesis, Chloroquine pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Malaria drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Neutropenia chemically induced, Primaquine pharmacology, Quinine pharmacology, Amodiaquine immunology, Drug Hypersensitivity immunology, Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis
- Abstract
Antidrug IgG antibodies have been detected in some patients receiving amodiaquine (AQ). Antidrug antibodies were detected in 6/7 patients who experienced serious well-defined adverse drug reactions during malaria prophylaxis and in 7/22 patients who received comparable doses of the drug (at least 400 mg weekly x 6) but did not present with clinical adverse drug reactions. In contrast antidrug antibodies were not detected in 7 patients who received the drug for treatment (1.0-1.2 g total over 3 days). The specificity of the IgG response was defined by hapten inhibition experiments (IC50 value for AQ ranged between 0.050 and 0.282 microM) which suggest that the antibody recognised the drug linked to cysteine residues in protein via the 4-hydroxyanilino side chain. The data show that AQ is immunogenic in man and are consistent with the hypothesis that idiosyncratic adverse reactions to the drug have an immunological aetiology.
- Published
- 1991
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20. [Evaluation of hematologic side effects of anti-infective therapy: agranulocytosis caused by beta-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin and amodiaquine].
- Author
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Eich G and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, beta-Lactams, Agranulocytosis chemically induced, Amodiaquine adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Neutropenia chemically induced, Vancomycin adverse effects
- Abstract
Side effects in general and in particular to antiinfective therapy are obviously hardly predictable and a causal relationship is seldom firmly established. The handling of untoward reactions may be improved if a subpopulation which can be identified is at particular risk for a given reaction. A clear assessment of dose and time dependency of untoward reactions is important in this context. Agranulocytosis seen with (i) beta-Lactam-antibiotics, (ii) vancomycin and (iii) amodiaquine can exemplify how simultaneous investigations of epidemiological and experimental aspects lead to identification of a subpopulation at risk.
- Published
- 1991
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21. Heat induced radial segmentation of leukocyte nuclei in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and other inflammatory diseases.
- Author
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Christen RD, Wagenhäuser FJ, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Cell Fractionation methods, Cell Nucleus physiology, Cell Nucleus ultrastructure, Humans, Inflammation drug therapy, Inflammation pathology, Inflammation physiopathology, Leukocytes physiology, Polymyalgia Rheumatica drug therapy, Polymyalgia Rheumatica physiopathology, Hot Temperature, Leukocytes ultrastructure, Polymyalgia Rheumatica pathology
- Abstract
Heat induced radial segmentation of leukocyte nuclei is an in vitro phenomenon accompanying inflammatory diseases. We studied 62 patients with suspected polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) to determine, whether heat induced radial segmentation can help in discriminating PMR from other conditions. At the initial presentation patients with PMR had more radial segmentation formation than patients with other inflammatory conditions. Prednisone induced a rapid and marked decrease in radial segmentation formation in patients with PMR. This latter finding was much less marked in patients with other inflammatory conditions. We conclude that heat induced radial segmentation at the initial presentation and during prednisone treatment can help in discriminating PMR from other inflammatory conditions.
- Published
- 1990
22. Fulminant group A streptococcal infections. Report of two cases.
- Author
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Christen RD, Moser R, Schlup P, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Emergencies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Peritonitis diagnosis, Peritonitis drug therapy, Peritonitis microbiology, Sepsis diagnosis, Sepsis drug therapy, Sepsis microbiology, Shock, Septic diagnosis, Shock, Septic drug therapy, Shock, Septic microbiology, Streptococcal Infections drug therapy, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes isolation & purification, Streptococcal Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
We describe two female patients presenting with spontaneous peritonitis and fulminant Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep. pyogenes) septicemia and shock. Both patients recovered completely upon immediate antibiotic therapy, initially with broad range combination therapy effective against Strep. pyogenes, which was switched to penicillin G when culture results became available. This isolated strain in case 1 was M-type 28, which is the M-type most often isolated from vaginal swabs (as commensal) and from blood from patients with puerperal sepsis. Patient 1 had signs and symptoms of a toxic shock-like syndrome, including rapid onset of fever and shock, skin rash, desquamation of palms and soles, and multisystem involvement with vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, renal failure, and severe disorientation without focal neurological deficits.
- Published
- 1990
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23. Simultaneous primary infection with HIV and CMV leading to severe pancytopenia, hepatitis, nephritis, perimyocarditis, myositis, and alopecia totalis.
- Author
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Schindler JM and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Female, HIV Infections diagnosis, Humans, Opportunistic Infections diagnosis, Alopecia etiology, Cytomegalovirus Infections complications, HIV Infections complications, HIV-1 pathogenicity, Hepatitis, Viral, Human etiology, Myocarditis etiology, Myositis etiology, Nephritis etiology, Opportunistic Infections complications, Pancytopenia etiology
- Abstract
Simultaneous primary infection with HIV and CMV in an 18-year-old woman led to an acute cytotoxic reaction, manifesting as pancytopenia, hepatitis, nephritis, perimyocarditis, and myositis. Within 14 days parameters indicating acute cell damage reverted to normal. Two weeks later transient alopecia totalis developed. Initially, HIV-antigen but no HIV antibodies were present. Within 3 weeks HIV-IgG antibodies appeared while HIV antigen disappeared. Anti-CMV-IgM was clearly and anti-CMV-IgG questionably positive; IgM persisted further, while IgG remained definitely undetectable. We speculate that a particular HIV-induced imbalance of the immune system led to a generalized severe cytotoxic reaction to a simultaneous infection with CMV.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. HIV-reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerase alpha share amino acid sequence homologies to bacterial penicillin-binding proteins.
- Author
-
Hafkemeyer P, Neftel KA, and Hübscher U
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Escherichia coli enzymology, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Penicillin-Binding Proteins, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Bacterial Proteins analysis, Carrier Proteins analysis, DNA Polymerase II analysis, HIV enzymology, Hexosyltransferases, Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase analysis, Peptidyl Transferases, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase analysis
- Abstract
Penicillin-binding proteins are the specific targets for the beta-lactam antibiotics. Recently it was observed that beta-lactam antibiotics also have targets in proliferating eukaryotic cells (1), one of which most likely is the replicative DNA polymerase alpha. Here we show that HIV-reverse transcriptase and human DNA polymerase alpha share amino acid sequence homologies to five bacterial penicillin-binding proteins.
- Published
- 1990
25. Pure red cell aplasia of long duration complicating major ABO-incompatible bone marrow transplantation.
- Author
-
Gmür JP, Burger J, Schaffner A, Neftel K, Oelz O, Frey D, and Metaxas M
- Subjects
- ABO Blood-Group System, Graft vs Host Disease prevention & control, Humans, Isoantibodies analysis, Time Factors, Blood Group Incompatibility complications, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Erythropoiesis
- Abstract
In 3 of 15 consecutive patients receiving a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical but major ABO incompatible bone marrow transplant (BMT), pure red cell aplasia (PRA) lasting 5 to 8 months was observed. Titers of the incompatible anti-A agglutinin before infusion of the red blood cell (RBC)-depleted BMT was very high in one, and in the usual range in two patients. Decrease of agglutinin titers during the first 4 weeks after BMT were comparable between PRA patients and those of ABO-incompatible BMT recipients with timely RBC recovery. However, in PRA patients, agglutinin titers rose again and remained elevated for 19 to 28 weeks. RBC engraftment and reticulocyte recovery ultimately occurred spontaneously and coincided with the decrease of agglutinin titers below 16. These observations indicate that PRA is antibody-dependent in this setting. Furthermore, it is conceivable that cyclosporine facilitates recipient-derived antibody synthesis after major ABO-incompatible BMT.
- Published
- 1990
26. [How atoxic are penicillins?].
- Author
-
Neftel K, Müller M, Hauser S, Wälti M, Spengler H, and de Weck A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Drug Hypersensitivity etiology, Humans, Lactams, Neutropenia chemically induced, Penicillins adverse effects
- Published
- 1983
27. Amodiaquine induced agranulocytosis and liver damage.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Woodtly W, Schmid M, Frick PG, and Fehr J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis pathology, Amodiaquine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Liver pathology, Liver Diseases pathology, Malaria prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Necrosis, Agranulocytosis chemically induced, Amodiaquine adverse effects, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
- Abstract
Seven cases of agranulocytosis and two of liver damage that were probably due to amodiaquine treatment were studied. In five cases agranulocytosis was combined with liver damage, and in one case of primary liver damage moderate neutropenia was present. Three patients died. High total doses or prolonged duration of treatment, or both, appear to favour the occurrence of these reactions. The clustering of five of the seven cases of agranulocytosis within six months in one medical centre indicates that the risk to benefit ratio of amodiaquine for malaria prophylaxis should be re-evaluated.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. [Hemolytic autoimmune anemia caused by (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergen)].
- Author
-
Neftel K, Diem P, Gerber H, de Weck AL, and Stucki P
- Subjects
- Aged, Catechin metabolism, Cross Reactions, Erythrocyte Membrane metabolism, Humans, Male, Receptors, Drug, Rutin metabolism, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune chemically induced, Benzopyrans adverse effects, Catechin adverse effects
- Abstract
Several episodes of acute intravascular immune hemolysis in a 68 year old patient induced by (+)-cyanidanol-3 (Catergan) are reported. Clinical and serological criteria of the so-called immune-complex mechanism of immune drug-induced hemolysis were realised. The meaning of the additional marked affinity of the drug to the erythrocytic surface remains unclear. The patient's serum was cross-reactive with rutine but not with troxerutine.
- Published
- 1980
29. Case 9-1982: malignant lymphoma.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Stahel R, and Müller O
- Subjects
- Fever blood, Humans, Leukocytes ultrastructure, Lymphoma ultrastructure
- Published
- 1982
30. More on "botryoid" nuclei.
- Author
-
Neftel KA and Müller OM
- Subjects
- Brain pathology, Heat Exhaustion pathology, Humans, Heat Exhaustion blood, Neutrophils ultrastructure
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [Hemoperfusion with activated charcoal in acute glutethimide poisoning].
- Author
-
Hess B, Keusch G, Neftel K, Baumann PC, and Binswanger U
- Subjects
- Adult, Charcoal, Coma therapy, Female, Glutethimide blood, Humans, Coma chemically induced, Glutethimide poisoning, Hemoperfusion methods
- Published
- 1984
32. Heat-induced radial segmentation of leucocyte nuclei: a non-specific phenomenon accompanying inflammatory and necrotizing diseases.
- Author
-
Neftel KA and Müller OM
- Subjects
- Bacterial Infections pathology, Brain Damage, Chronic pathology, Cell Nucleus drug effects, Cell Nucleus ultrastructure, Common Cold pathology, Endotoxins pharmacology, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Leukocytes drug effects, Microscopy, Electron, Myocardial Infarction pathology, Pancreatitis pathology, Polymyalgia Rheumatica pathology, Vincristine pharmacology, Hot Temperature, Leukocytes ultrastructure
- Abstract
Heat-induced radial segmentation (RS) of leucocyte nuclei in vitro (2 h at 41 degrees C) is a heretofore unknown phenomenon, accompanying inflammatory and necrotizing diseases. This phenomenon appears to be identical with the known oxalate-induced radial segmentation and is caused by contractile microfilaments and microtubuli radiating from the centriole. Preincubation of washed leucocytes from healthy donors with plasma of patients showing the phenomenon of RS did not induce RS and preincubation of washed RS-leucocytes with normal plasma did not suppress RS. RS, however, could be induced by intravenous endotoxin injection in a healthy volunteer and could be prevented in part by addition of Vincristine to the blood samples. The phenomenon corresponds to an incomplete, heat-inducible amitosis. The cause of the thermolability of the mitotic apparatus in various diseases remains unclear.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. [The "HELLP syndrome" without fragmentocytes: do drug-induced antibodies play a role?].
- Author
-
Drack G, Neftel K, Lauper U, and Gmür D
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Liver Diseases enzymology, Pregnancy, Syndrome, Transaminases analysis, Hypertension complications, Liver Diseases complications, Pregnancy Complications etiology, Thrombocytopenia complications
- Abstract
This is a case report on a nulliparous women, who developed the HELLP syndrome following intravenous tocolysis. Contrary to our expectations, neither schistocytes nor signs of intravasal coagulation were apparent; however, we found Fenoterol-associated anti-erythrocyte antibodies. However, the low titre of these antibodies does not explain the massive haemolysis. It is suggested, that these antibodies represent a causal factor in developing the HELLP syndrome.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Effect of storage of penicillin-G solutions on sensitisation to penicillin-G after intravenous administration.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Wälti M, Spengler H, and de Weck AL
- Subjects
- Adult, Drug Storage, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Injections, Intravenous, Kinetics, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Middle Aged, Penicillin G administration & dosage, Penicillin G metabolism, Radioallergosorbent Test, Drug Hypersensitivity etiology, Penicillin G adverse effects
- Abstract
Intravenous administration of a total dose of more than 200 million IU of penicillin-G led to sensitisation of lymphocytes and formation of specific anti-penicilloyl antibodies of the IgG class. These effects were prevented when the penicillin solution used was freshly prepared and given as a bolus rather than as a slow infusion. The causative antigens seem to be related not to penicilloylated high molecular weight impurities in the penicillin preparations, but to the degradation and/or transformation products of penicillin-G that form when the drug is in solution even if only for a few hours, and not only at room temperature but also at 4 degrees C. Thus penicillin solutions should be freshly prepared and administered from vials containing less than 10 million IU so that bolus doses can be given.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Penicillin-G degradation products inhibit in vitro granulopoiesis.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Müller MR, Wälti M, Erni J, Gugler M, and Arrenbrecht S
- Subjects
- Bone Marrow drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Hematopoietic Stem Cells drug effects, Hot Temperature, Humans, Time Factors, Granulocytes, Hematopoiesis drug effects, Penicillin G pharmacology
- Abstract
38% of penicillin-G in solution decays at 20 degrees C within 24 h, 50% at 37 degrees C and 66% within 3 h at 56 degrees C. These degraded penicillin-G solutions strongly inhibit growth and maturation of granulocytic stem cells in vitro. Inhibitory concentrations are in the range obtainable with high dose penicillin therapy in vivo. No cytotoxicity of degraded penicillin solutions on bone marrow cells was seen over 24 h. It is suggested that penicillin-G degradation products are responsible for severe granulocytopenia observed after high dose penicillin-G therapy.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Inhibition of HSV-1 and vaccinia virus replication by cephalosporin derivatives.
- Author
-
Cottagnoud P, Neftel KA, Hany M, and Zinkernagel RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cephalosporins metabolism, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Chlorocebus aethiops, Penicillin G pharmacology, Simplexvirus physiology, Structure-Activity Relationship, Vaccinia virus physiology, Vero Cells, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Simplexvirus drug effects, Vaccinia virus drug effects, Virus Replication drug effects
- Abstract
Derivatives of beta-lactam antibiotics of the cephalosporin type at 0.02-1 mM concentrations interfered with in vitro replication of two DNA-containing viruses, herpes simplex I and vaccinia, but showed no effects on two RNA-viruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, or on cell viability. The exact structure of the active compounds remains unknown, but opening of the beta-lactam ring appears to be a prerequisite for their formation. Whereas cephalosporin derivatives were most active, no active products were obtained from penicillins and monobactams. The potential of these unexpected antiviral effects of widely used beta-lactam antibiotics remains subject of further study.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. [Radioimmunologic detection of IgE and IgG antibodies against drugs. Conclusions after experience with over 1200 patients].
- Author
-
Wälti M, Neftel KA, Cohen M, Winkler P, and de Weck AL
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Combinations immunology, Drug Evaluation, Drug Hypersensitivity immunology, Flavonoids immunology, Humans, Penicillins immunology, Pyrazoles immunology, Radioimmunosorbent Test, Salicylates immunology, Sulfamethoxazole immunology, Trimethoprim immunology, Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination, Drug Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Immunoglobulin G immunology, Pyrazolones
- Abstract
Based on the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), the authors have developed a series of assays to detect IgE and IgG antibodies against a number of frequently used drugs. In this system drugs bound covalently to cellulose paper are incubated with serum and washed; the hapten-specific IgE and IgG antibodies are then qualified and quantified by means of 125I-labelled anti-human IgE and IgG respectively. Thus far the sera of 1,228 patients have been analyzed following therapy with betalactam antibiotics, co-trimoxazole, salicylates, pyrazolones, flavonoids and tetrahydroisoquinoline. The induction of IgG antibodies is a frequent occurrence and that of IgE rare. Isolated high titers of IgE are associated mainly with anaphylactic reactions; in the presence of simultaneously raised IgG titers such side reactions are often absent. Highest IgG titers were found in patients with immune hemolysis after betalactam antibiotics, flavonoids and tetrahydroisoquinoline. In the other types of side reaction specific IgG titers were not significantly higher than in patients without side reactions. The estimation of circulating antibodies against drugs cannot yet be utilized diagnostically except in the rare cases of anaphylactic side reactions. However, the method described permits specific and sensitive detection of sensitization and is suited for scientific purposes.
- Published
- 1986
38. Radial segmentation of nuclei (Rieder cells): a morphological marker of T-cell neoplasms?
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Stahel R, Müller OM, Morell A, and Arrenbrecht S
- Subjects
- Adult, Cell Nucleus drug effects, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic drug effects, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphoid blood, Leukemia, Lymphoid drug therapy, Leukocyte Count, Lymphoproliferative Disorders classification, Lymphoproliferative Disorders immunology, Prednisone administration & dosage, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Vincristine administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Cell Nucleus ultrastructure, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ultrastructure, Leukemia, Lymphoid ultrastructure, T-Lymphocytes ultrastructure
- Abstract
Pretreatment blood smears of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were examined for neoplastic cells showing nuclear radial segmentation (RS). RS was present in 6 of 7 patients with immunologically proven T-cell leukemia, but not in 11 patients whose leukemic cells lacked T-cell markers. Electron microscopic studies of neoplastic cells showed multiple nuclear indentations and abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments and microtubuli in connection with pericentriolar dense material. RS formation was decreased in 1 patient after chemotherapy with a vincristine-containing regimen, while the white cell count remained unchanged. Radial segmentation (RS) of leukocyte nuclei is a well-known phenomenon, which is observed ex vivo (Rieder cells), and can be induced in vitro. Convoluted or multilobulated nuclei in lymphoid neoplasms are similar to RS nuclei both with regard to their structure and their sensitivity to spindle-blocking drugs. We propose that the nuclear alterations observed in a variety of different T-cell neoplasms are identical with RS, and suggest that RS might be a morphological marker for subsets of lymphoproliferative disorders of T-cell origin.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. [Severe electrolyte disorders during the therapy of heart failure with the therapy of heart failure with the ACE-inhibitor enalapril].
- Author
-
Hess B, Keusch G, Neftel K, Margelist F, and Bansky G
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Heart Failure blood, Heart Failure drug therapy, Humans, Hyperkalemia blood, Hyperkalemia chemically induced, Hyperkalemia pathology, Hyponatremia blood, Hyponatremia chemically induced, Hyponatremia pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance blood, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance pathology, Enalapril adverse effects, Heart Failure complications, Water-Electrolyte Imbalance chemically induced
- Abstract
Angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition by captopril and enalapril may influence sodium and potassium homeostasis. In patients without cardiac failure and with normal renal function significant electrolyte disturbances rarely occur. We report on four patients who developed life-threatening electrolyte disturbances following treatment with enalapril for severe cardiac failure (NYHA-class II-IV). There were important concomitant factors in all four cases: in one case under additional medication with a thiazide diuretic and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, hyponatremia of 107 mmol/l occurred. In two further cases severe hyperkalemia of 7.4 and 7.3 mmol/l was observed in the presence of acute renal failure due to enalapril-induced hypotension and concomitant therapy with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug respectively. In a fourth case the combination of enalapril with a potassium-sparing diuretic provoked severe hyperkalemia of 7.9 mmol/l.
- Published
- 1986
40. [IE and IgG antibodies against flavonoids following therapy with flavonoid-containing drugs].
- Author
-
Wälti M, Neftel KA, Jost R, Jaeger A, Berg P, Heinzel F, and Weitzel M
- Subjects
- Catechin immunology, Cross Reactions, Drug Eruptions etiology, Female, Fever chemically induced, Flavonoids immunology, Hemolysis drug effects, Humans, Hydroxyethylrutoside analogs & derivatives, Hydroxyethylrutoside immunology, Male, Radiation-Protective Agents adverse effects, Radioallergosorbent Test, Silymarin immunology, Drug Hypersensitivity immunology, Flavonoids adverse effects, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Immunoglobulin G immunology
- Abstract
During treatment with flavonoid drugs a number of patients developed adverse reactions such as fever, various skin eruptions and intravascular hemolysis. The appearance of flavonoid-specific IgE and IgG antibodies and its possible relation to the observed side effects was studied on a total of 168 individuals treated with flavonoid drugs: 71 patients received troxerutin (Venoruton) parenterally to improve tolerance of radiation therapy, 12 patients were treated intravenously with silymarin (Legalon) for amanita intoxication and 77 patients received various flavonoid drugs for other indications. Flavonoid treatment often induced specific IgG antibodies and less frequently IgE antibodies. After short treatment IgE antibodies were more frequently detected than after treatment of longer duration which nearly always induced IgG antibodies. Patients with hemolysis had the highest IgG titers. In cases with fever and skin eruptions no correlation with antibody titers became evident. Antibody production in patients undergoing radiation therapy appeared to be lower than in non-irradiated patients. Both the IgE and IgG antibody test show a remarkable cross-reactivity between four different flavonoids. Prospective studies will be necessary to decide whether or not this method for the detection of anti-flavonoid antibodies will be suitable for recognizing increased risk of side reactions upon reexposure to flavonoid drugs.
- Published
- 1986
41. Cephalosporin-induced neutropenia.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Hauser SP, Müller MR, and Wälti M
- Subjects
- Humans, Agranulocytosis chemically induced, Cephalosporins adverse effects, Neutropenia chemically induced
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Anaphylactoid reactions after indocyanine-green administration.
- Author
-
Speich R, Saesseli B, Hoffmann U, Neftel KA, and Reichen J
- Subjects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Liver Function Tests methods, Male, Middle Aged, Anaphylaxis chemically induced, Indocyanine Green adverse effects
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. [Demonstration of drug-specific IgE and IgG antibodies using RIA: clinical importance as shown with nomifensin (Alival)].
- Author
-
Wälti M, Neftel K, Cohen M, de Weck AL, and Perisić M
- Subjects
- Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic chemically induced, Anemia, Hemolytic chemically induced, Antibody Formation, Antibody Specificity, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury etiology, Fever chemically induced, Humans, Immunoglobulin E analysis, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Nomifensine adverse effects, Radioimmunoassay, Drug Hypersensitivity, Isoquinolines immunology, Nomifensine immunology
- Abstract
Serum samples from 41 patients who developed adverse reactions during therapy with nomifensine were screened by RAST-based immunoassay for specific IgE and IgG antibodies against nomifensine and three of its metabolites. The results were compared with those of 10 patients without side effects and with 8 non-treated controls. Nomifensine-specific IgE antibodies were found in none of the subjects. However, all patients treated with nomifensine (with and without side effects) had specific IgG antibodies. The antibody cross-reacted in all cases with the metabolites. The titers did not discriminate clearly between the different side reactions and only partially between the presence or absence of a side reaction. The finding of specific anti-drug IgG antibodies warrants more detailed investigation of immunological mechanisms, to determine the clinical relevance of these antibodies and identify patients at risk for serious side effects.
- Published
- 1983
44. [Benzodiazepine--practice and problems of its use].
- Author
-
Meier PJ, Ziegler WH, and Neftel K
- Subjects
- Benzodiazepines adverse effects, Benzodiazepines pharmacokinetics, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Anxiety drug therapy, Benzodiazepines therapeutic use, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders drug therapy
- Abstract
Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed drugs in the Western world. About 3% of the adult Swiss population regularly use benzodiazepines for the treatment of anxiety states or for induction of sleep. All benzodiazepine agonists available exert qualitatively similar pharmacodynamic actions. They commonly activate central GABAergic neuroinhibition, thereby inducing anxiolysis, sedation/hypnosis, anticonvulsion and muscle relaxation. However, various derivatives differ in their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties such as lipophilicity, rate of gastrointestinal absorption, hepatic biotransformation and elimination half life. These differences among individual substances can be used clinically to optimize therapy for the individual patient. For example, the elimination half life greatly influences the frequency, intensity and type of adverse reactions such as hangover, rebound insomnia, development of tolerance and dependence as well as withdrawal symptoms. It is estimated that "low-dose dependency" develops in as many as 30 to 45% of chronically treated patients. Low-dose dependency is mainly characterized by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms after cessation of therapy. Since management of the withdrawal state is difficult and especially troublesome for the patient it is best to prevent the development of benzodiazepine dependence by prescribing these drugs less and restricting them to short-term use (7-14 days).
- Published
- 1988
45. Inhibition of granulopoiesis in vivo and in vitro by beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Author
-
Neftel KA, Hauser SP, and Müller MR
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Bone Marrow pathology, Bone Marrow Cells, Cells, Cultured, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Humans, Neutropenia pathology, Penicillins pharmacology, Time Factors, Agranulocytosis chemically induced, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Granulocytes, Hematopoiesis drug effects, Neutropenia chemically induced
- Abstract
beta-Lactam antibiotics can induce severe neutropenia by a hitherto unknown mechanism. Fifty cases of beta-lactam antibiotic-induced neutropenia (less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) from 17 hospitals were analyzed and compared with 140 literature cases. The incidence of neutropenia was 5%-greater than 15% in patients treated for greater than or equal to 10 days with large doses of any beta-lactam antibiotic but less than 0.1% with shorter duration of therapy. In greater than 95% of cases recovery occurred between one to seven days after withdrawal of beta-lactam antibiotics. Bone marrow aspirates were characterized by a lack of well-differentiated myeloid elements in the presence of numerous immature granulocyte precursors. Nine penicillins and eight cephalosporins inhibited in vitro granulopoiesis in a dose-dependent manner. There was a good correlation between the inhibitory capacity of beta-lactam antibiotics in vitro and the doses inducing neutropenia in vivo. These observations may be relevant for therapy in the granulocytopenic patient.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. [Autoimmune hemolysis after Catergen ([+]-cyanidanol-3)].
- Author
-
Neftel K, Fontana A, Guggenheim M, Schenker T, Gmür J, von Felten A, Marti C, and Frick PG
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune diagnosis, Catechin administration & dosage, Coombs Test, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune chemically induced, Catechin adverse effects
- Abstract
Clinical and serological data in 5 cases of autoimmune hemolysis following therapy with Catergen are reported and compared to the data in similar literature reports. The main argument in favour of Catergen as causative agent in our 5 cases was rapid remission of hemolysis within 2 1/2 to 10 weeks of withdrawing Catergen treatment. Besides causing hemolysis mediated by drug dependent antibodies, long term treatment with Catergen may induce formation of IgG autoantibodies against red blood cells with or without overt hemolysis.
- Published
- 1987
47. [Spontaneous radial segmentation of cell nuclei: morphologic marker of T-cell neoplasms?].
- Author
-
Neftel K, Stahel R, Müller O, Schulthess HK, Morell A, and Arrenbrecht S
- Subjects
- Cell Nucleus ultrastructure, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ultrastructure, Hot Temperature, Humans, Leukemia, Lymphoid diagnosis, Leukemia, Lymphoid pathology, Cell Nucleus pathology, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic pathology, T-Lymphocytes pathology
- Abstract
Radial segmentation (RS) of leukocyte nuclei has been observed, for example, in leukemias (Rieder cells). In 6 of 8 patients with T-ALL, RS of neoplastic cells was found in the peripheral blood, whereas in 14 patients with non-T-ALL no RS cells were present. RS may be a morphologic marker for certain T-cell neoplasms, and with regard to ultrastructure it seems to be identical to heat-induced RS of non-neoplastic cells.
- Published
- 1983
48. Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on proliferating eucaryotic cells.
- Author
-
Neftel KA and Hübscher U
- Subjects
- Bone Marrow drug effects, Cell Division drug effects, Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, beta-Lactams, Anti-Bacterial Agents toxicity
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Amoxicillin-induced immune hemolysis.
- Author
-
Gmür J, Wälti M, and Neftel KA
- Subjects
- Anemia, Hemolytic immunology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Amoxicillin adverse effects, Anemia, Hemolytic chemically induced, Complement C3 analysis, Hemolysis drug effects, Immunoglobulin G analysis
- Abstract
Severe hemolysis occurred in a 51-year-old female after a 17-day course of intravenous amoxicillin. A strongly positive direct antiglobulin test (anti-IgG titer 1:2,000) ensued which disappeared after withdrawal of the drug. Both the patient's serum and eluate obtained from the patient's red cells contained an IgG antibody which reacted with red blood cells coated in vitro with amoxicillin, but not with uncoated cells. In addition, high-titer antipenicillin, antiampicillin and antiamoxicillin IgG antibodies could be demonstrated in her serum by a RAST-based solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The patient's hemolysis gradually subsided within 1 week after discontinuing the drug. This is the first report of amoxicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. [Treatment of phalloid poisoning with silymarin and ceftazidime].
- Author
-
Daoudal P, Noirot A, Wagschal G, Neftel K, Hany M, Clément D, Floriot C, and Delacour JL
- Subjects
- Amanita, Humans, Ceftazidime therapeutic use, Flavonoids therapeutic use, Mushroom Poisoning drug therapy, Silymarin therapeutic use
- Published
- 1989
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