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Indigenous peoples in Latin America have produced some of the region’s strongest and most enduring social movements, drawing on a diverse repertoire of contention to pursue their goals. In the twenty-first century, social media have transformed the landscape of collective action, compelling Indigenous movements to navigate the evolving dynamics of digital platforms. There is an ongoing debate in the literature regarding the role of social media in mobilization. But we know relatively little about how social media fit into the tactical repertoires of Indigenous actors and what tasks these platforms are used for. This article addresses this gap through an examination of how Indigenous actors use social media during protest events. We conducted a comparative analysis of social media content produced by Indigenous social movement organizations during major protest events in three countries from 2018 to 2019. We find that the most common functions include activating supporters and exposing state violence. These functions support several of the organizations’ core mobilization tasks by providing actors with tools to complement collection action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We wonder how it was possible for the Matico Command to achieve such a quick and effective response in a context of confusion and fear of death. We propose to understand the way in which Comando Matico managed to manage the pandemic crisis, as an instance of cultural and political affirmation from which they updated ancestral knowledge, through their collective and organized action, in the care of Shipibo-Konibo patients with COVID-19 and comorbidities. Since May 15, 2020, they established a type of strategic indigenous health response, to achieve the acceptance of both, the population served and the DIRESA-U and the GOREU, especially during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected information through interviews with members of the Comando Matico, from its official Facebook page, and from interviews with third parties. We reach the conclusion that its effectiveness was based on the strengthening of its identity, of the indigenous organization, in the communication and dissemination in its mother tongue of its knowledge and practices in traditional health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, protected areas associated with sacred sites and cemeteries are an emerging area of research. However, they are biased toward terrestrial systems. In Fiji, funerary protected areas (FPAs) in freshwater and marine systems are culturally protected by Indigenous Fijians following the burial of a loved one on clan land. First documented in the 1800s, FPAs in Fiji have not been researched despite more than 30 years of conservation efforts and countrywide comanagement of natural resources. We sought to bridge this knowledge gap by elucidating 8 socioecological attributes of Indigenous FPAs through stratified, purposive, semistructured interviews of 201 key informants across Fiji's 189 districts. Seventy‐three districts actively implemented FPAs; another 34 were not being implemented because of low FPA awareness, FPA exclusion from comanagement plans, and conflicts in chief selection. Thirty‐three percent of districts established FPAs for chiefs only, and 20% established FPAs for any clan member, resulting in the establishment of numerous FPAs annually. From the 1960s to 2019, 188 FPAs were established. Forty‐four percent of FPAs were protected for 100 nights, and 47% protected all resources and associated ecosystems in the FPA. Only 25% of districts harvested edible fish and invertebrates; another 22% harvested edible fish only. For some chiefs' funeral rites, only turtles were harvested, which are protected by law, thereby requiring government exemption for traditional use. The FPA harvest provisions varied from engaging whole communities to engaging specific clans, such as traditional fishers or those who performed the burial. Our results showed that practices associated with FPAs in Fiji are diverse, organically evolving, and more socially nuanced and complex than the fisheries and food provisioning focus they are known for. Erosion of Indigenous knowledge and practices associated with FPAs and FPA exclusion from conservation planning will negatively affect social and ecological resilience, resulting in vulnerable communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous stewardship is essential to the conservation of biocultural diversity, yet conventional conservation models often treat Indigenous territories (ITs) as homogeneous or isolated units. We propose that archipelagos of Indigenous territories (AITs), clusters of ITs that span geographies but are connected through shared cultural or political ties maintained by Indigenous nations, are crucial for understanding and enhancing conservation strategies that recognize the complexity of Indigenous stewardship. We classified 3572 ITs in the Amazon into 4 categories—single or multiple nations with either singular IT or AIT—to assess their spatial heterogeneity, governance, and conservation potential. We then assessed species richness, carbon stocks, and pressures across these different categories. To examine how AITs can enhance biocultural conservation efforts, we conducted a case study of the Cofán Nation in Ecuador. AITs covered 45% of the Amazonian land area and had higher species richness and carbon stocks than single IT configurations. However, AITs faced greater pressures from development and extractive activities. In the case study, the Cofán AIT was shaped by colonization and land titling challenges, but their community‐driven governance, cross‐territorial collaboration, and adaptive responses—such as comanagement agreements and resisting extractive activities—enhanced their ecological and cultural resilience amid growing development pressures. Our findings suggest that AITs facilitate the exchange of resources, knowledge, and cultural practices, which strengthens social connectivity, reinforces governance structures, and enables adaptive management across ITs, thereby enhancing biocultural resilience across discontinuous spaces. This work advocates for a paradigm shift in conservation planning and practice that recognizes the vital role of AITs in sustaining Amazonian ecosystems and Indigenous lifeways, particularly in the face of increasing pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopted in 2010 as a supplementary agreement to the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol (NP) mandates the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources provided by Indigenous peoples. Member states must newly enact or amend domestic laws to align with the NP. Consequently, many countries are currently implementing legislative, administrative, and policy measures to ensure fair benefit sharing from the use of Indigenous genetic resources. We examined the inclusion of intellectual property (IP) protection in the sharing of benefits from research and development that utilizes Indigenous genetic resources. The NP does not specify guidelines for IP‐related benefit sharing, leaving each member state to establish its own rules. We used an economics‐based approach to explore the optimal scope and duration of IP protection for maximizing stakeholder interests, including those of Indigenous peoples, at the national level. The optimal duration of IP protection was when the marginal social cost and benefit of IP protection were equal. When this point occurred varied depending on various factors, such as the type of genetic resources in the country, existence of alternatives, number of users, and competing actors. The optimal scope of IP protection was when the social benefit of investment in fundamental research equaled the social benefit of application development. Likewise, this point of implementation also varied based on various factors, such as the type, uniqueness, potential for further discovery, and diversity of providers in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Payayá ancestry reverberates in the Brazilian Caatinga, in the sertão of Bahia, as a voice and ancestral corporeality that opposes colonization and coloniality. The paper proposes to understand the process of rostification as a strategy of identity softening, promoting the banishment and physical and symbolic violence of our people. The Payayá's return in the 20th century, after traumatic processes of subjection, expresses the emergence of Payayá verbality as the identity and alterity of our resistance and fight against coloniality in Abya Yala. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do the relationships between the concept of being indigenous and the processes of ethnoeducation manifest in southwestern Colombia? This ethnographic study explores the complexities of constructing ethnic identity among the indigenous peoples of Nariño, focusing on the implementation of educational programs driven by a population perspective. By questioning the foundations of ethnoeducation from the late 20th century to the early 21st century, we establish a dialogue among various institutional agents within the broader framework of ethnic-based social organization. We also examine the historical relationships, institutional archaisms, and contemporary challenges faced by ethnic educational processes in Nariño. We conclude with insights into the construction of ethnic identity and its implications for the social order governing the interactions between community members and government representatives. We conceptualize the relationship between the State, school, and ethnic identity as a fundamental part of Colombia’s modern project, which has been in development since the republican era. The institutional framework has fluctuated between protectionist, paternalistic, and cultural assimilation policies. However, the current threats to the physical and cultural survival of ancestral peoples must be addressed through the State’s institutional mechanisms and governance technologies. These mechanisms are designed to tackle the challenges of interculturality within a complex and often contradictory framework of relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Indigenous people in Brazil present a complex and dynamic health pattern, so their epidemiologic profile is not very well-known and, therefore, the incidence and letality rates due to breathing diseases, specifically pneumonias, are high. Objective: To characterize the indigenous patients with pneumonia according to selected clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 224 Brazilian indigenous patients with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, assisted in the health post of Rio Negro Ocaia, belonging to the base center of Guajará Mirim municipality in Porto Velho Indigenous Special Health District, from Rondonia State in Brazil, during January-December, 2016. The analyzed variables were age, sex, associated risk factors, followed behavior, applied treatment and clinical course. Results: In the investigation there was a prevalence of the male sex (51.3%) in the 1-6 age group (46.4%), malnutrition (88.4%) and patients treated in the village (86.7%), one of whom (0.4%) died. Also, 13.3% was referred to the hospital and 97.3% treated with oral antibiotics. It was observed an improvement in 89.7%; while 10.3% presented other complications with prevalence of pleural effusion (39.1%). Conclusions: Pneumonia is still the main disease in this indigenous population and the reason of more frequent visit among native patients, as well as the fundamental cause of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a narrative synthesis of the academic literature on coca cultivation and illegal mining in the Peruvian Amazon. Through secondary sources, it analyzes the expansion of these illicit economies into the eastern Amazon. In addition, the article presents and discusses four myths about illicit economies prevalent in public debate and the media, which prevent an understanding of the complexity behind these phenomena. The myths revolve around i) a full understanding of the extent and distribution of coca cultivation and illegal mining, ii) the existence of a direct relationship between illicit economies and violence, iii) the role of indigenous peoples in the expansion of these activities and, finally, iv) the absence or limited presence of the State in these contexts. Based on a narrative review of the literature, this article uses the findings of recent empirical evidence to question the validity of these myths. The article concludes with research conclusions and recommendations for the study of illicit economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the origin and evolution of the Scholarship for Amazonian Native Communities, Beca 18 (CNA) in Peru from 2014 and 2021, focusing on the perspective of both the national indigenous federation, Aidesep and the National Program of Scholarships and Educational Credit (Pronabec). The research methodology combines the analysis of institutional documents and in-depth interviews with members of both institutions. We highlight Aidesep's initiative to establish a dialogue with Pronabec in 2013, the collaborative efforts between Aidesep and Pronabec during the early years of the scholarship, and the lack of publicly available statistics, particularly regarding the retention and graduation of indigenous university students. Both institutions identify the "loss of the scholarship" as amajor limitation, though each has different views on providing support to students to help them complete their studies. The Amazonian notion of 'getting usedd to' (acostumbrarse) emerges as a key element of the indigenous approach to supporting indigenous students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper seeks to contribute, from the perspective of Social Anthropology, to the analysis of the ethnopolitical organization and identity revaluation of indigenous communities in Argentina. For this purpose, we will focus on the organization process of the families of the Mapuche Kalfulafken community in the urban region of Carhué, province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), which has gained momentum in the last decades. In short, the aim is to analyze how indigenous claims in Carhué are constituted around territory, ethnic identity and living conditions by considering resistance strategies and access to resources over time and in relation to the different levels of the State -municipality, province and nation-. Central to this analysis is the indigenous emergence of recent times, which began in the 1990s and is characterized by a growing ethnic awareness and emergence. Additionally, reanalyzing the legislations that principally address the original pueblos of the country and the legal and regulatory advances that, in many cases, are due to the continued mobilization and organization of indigenous groups have been very important in the processes of identity reconstruction. Materials and methods: The approach from which we start this research corresponds to the perspective of Social Anthropology. The fieldwork with the Mapuche families of Carhué began in 2018 from a specific demand to the research/outreach group to collaborate in their request for recognition before the provincial State (through the processing of their legal status). The steps to be followed in the research and the work guidelines were defined together with the community, so that the methodology is based on collaborative work. A bibliographic survey of theoretical antecedents was carried out. The research question focused on the forms of organization of the Mapuche families and their relationship with the processes of ethnic-identity reconfiguration in Carhué, framed in the context of the indigenous emergence and resurgence of ethnic and territorial demands in the area. Returning to the field on several occasions, deepening the topics and reworking the methodological strategies allowed us to construct the objectives and better orient the research. The methodology was ethnographic and a diverse group of actors were interviewed: the members of the indigenous organization, inhabitants of Carhué, governmental and non-governmental officials, and others. Open and in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, individual, and group interviews were carried out. The aim was to reconstruct life histories and trajectories in order to try to understand social phenomena from the perspective of the actors. Thus, participant observation was an important part of the fieldwork. The perspective was nurtured and triangulated with the search for primary and secondary sources and complementary cases through the work in the local archive at the request of Kalfulafken, given the importance of making an approach with some historical depth to reconstruct the facts of persecution and violence against indigenous peoples in Argentina. Results: The work is framed within the resurgence of the demands and processes of identity reconstruction that have been gaining strength in the country since the 1990s. The large presence of the indigenous population in urban spaces is highlighted in the face of the historically constructed ideas of denial, discrimination and exclusion that have their roots in the colonial period and continued with the formation of the National State. We focus on the history of ethnopolitical organization and the forms of resistance of the families of Carhué, which has gained momentum in the last decades and seeks to assert their presence in the urban environment. From which, the members appeal to distance themselves from and question the discourses promoted by state institutions that sought to dominate and make the indigenous population in the region invisible. In this way, we address the strategies and activities implemented by the Kalfulafken community that seek to question the 'official history' and demonstrate the subjugation, discrimination and invisibilization suffered and to reaffirm their current presence in Carhué. Such processes have led, on the one hand, to new links with other ethnopolitical groups, universities, national and local institutions, and on the other hand, to the generation of new spaces for participation and networks in the area in order to have greater visibility and strengthen their claims. In addition, we highlight the community's search for support and recognition from local authorities in order to make their claims viable. Conclusions: From the analysis on the organizational processes of a Mapuche community in the province of Buenos Aires we can make several conclusions. On the one hand, in the absence of responses from the various levels of the State and the lack of implementation of laws and regulations concerning indigenous peoples, it is the communities that must mobilize and develop strategies to enforce their rights as pre-existing peoples. Despite the lack of response to the indigenous claims, the ethnopolitical organization of the community of Carhué continues to grow in order to make its presence visible at the local level and to claim the fulfillment of their rights and the recovery of their territories in order to have their own spaces and cultural autonomy for their reproduction. Another issue that was highlighted was the need for greater access to funds and social projects that would allow these objectives to be carried out and that would provide scholarships for the younger generations to study. That is to say that these requests that have arisen in the organization are linked, since in order to have autonomy they must have territories and funds to sustain it. In summary, the above allows us to account for the local ethnopolitical work and the impact of the productions and materials produced within the framework of university extension to accompany such processes. Likewise, the presence of indigenous movements makes it clear that the state projects of a homogeneous Argentina have not been achieved. In the case of Kalfulafken we have been able to see that in addition to the processing of their legal status, the community seeks to generate new spaces for intervention and networks in the region to achieve greater visibility and strengthen their claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argentina. General Archive of the Nation. Written Documents Department. Argentine Confederation. Ministry of War and Navy. 58-1-1. Paper. [Part of the map of the Chaco that by order, and under the direction of the General Command is being drawn up by the engineer attached to the E.M. of the latter.] Undated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous peoples in the southeast of Pará faced, among many emergencies, the worsening of territorial violations and precarious health care and education, without depriving them of resilience to frontier capitalism in the region. The information obtained through interviews with indigenous leaders, consultation of official data and those published by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB), as well as field notes on the performance of the Mutual Support Network to Indigenous Peoples of Southeastern Brazil Pará, highlights the strategic use of the territory for isolation and resurgence of cultural practices, and the formulation of policies to resist the systemic crises aggravated by the fascist national government of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the emergence of New Clark City, Philippines, which is part of the country's development programme "Build‐Build‐Build". Triangulating data from field observations, interviews, and documents, we analyse the social, economic, and ecological consequences of this "city of the future". The city enables capital to be fixed into space, which (i) creates new accumulation opportunities for investors, (ii) lubricates capital circulation, shortening turnover times and lowering costs, and (iii) staves off a multitude of longstanding barriers faced by capital and state actors by reordering space along the lines of the Philippines' geographical expansion and spatial restructuring strategy. Aiming to address a geographical‐switching crisis, this socio‐ecological fix goes hand‐in‐hand with the stark reality of an internal colonialist agenda, resulting in negative consequences for local and Indigenous communities. We contribute to the socio‐ecological fix literature by arguing that internal colonialism offers a vital lens to understand capital expansion from the centre to the periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a position as students, disciples, and collaborators of María Bertely, we reflect on her contributions to the gestation and development process of the project "Milpas Educativas: Socionatural Laboratories for good living". After specifying the locus of enunciation and the sources that support the analysis, the political and epistemological referents that are essential to understanding the essence of an educational project with a clear ethnopolitical and alter-globalization position are made explicit. These, in addition, allow us to appreciate the contributions of Bertely as coordinator and caretaker of the Intercultural Inductive Method and committed academic who felt mandated by the community educators of the Union of Teachers of the New Education for Mexico (UNEM) and the indigenous communities that appointed them. Subsequently, Bertely's contributions to the gestation phase of the project are analyzed, emphasizing her efforts before the financing body and the resulting achievements. Next, we reflect on her contributions to the development process of Milpas Educativas, highlighting the political, epistemic, axiological, and pedagogical dimensions that characterized them. We conclude by presenting some of his most important legacies to Mexican and Latin American educational anthropology, emphasizing her political commitment to the indigenous cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous Peoples' lands (IPL) cover at least 38 million km2 (28.1%) of Earth's terrestrial surface. These lands can be important for biodiversity conservation. Around 20.7% of IPL intersect areas protected by government (PAs). Many sites of importance for biodiversity within IPL could make a substantial but hitherto unquantified contribution to global site‐based conservation targets. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) represent the largest global network of systematically identified sites of high importance for biodiversity. We assessed the effectiveness of IPL in slowing biodiversity loss inside and outside PAs by quantifying tree cover loss from 2000 to 2019 in KBAs at international and national levels and comparing it with losses at equivalent sites outside mapped IPL. Based on a matched sample of 1‐km2 cells in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL, tree cover loss in KBAs outside PAs was lower inside IPL than outside IPL. By contrast, tree cover loss in KBAs inside PAs was lower outside IPL than inside IPL (although the difference was far smaller). National rates of tree cover loss in KBAs varied greatly in relation to their IPL and PA status. In one half of the 44 countries we examined individually, there was no significant difference in the rate of tree cover loss in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL. The reasons for this intercountry variation could illuminate the importance of IPL in meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity's ambition of conserving 30% of land by 2030. Critical to this will be coordinated action by governments to strengthen and enforce Indigenous Peoples' rights, secure their collective systems of tenure and governance, and recognize their aspirations for their lands and futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article shows an exploratory study to examine the contribution of the members of the Ramón Campaña parish to the preservation of indigenous culture to identify and evaluate its manifestations, describing its peculiarities in the studied context as well as the potential for contribute to its preservation. The population was made up of a probabilistic sample of the 30 families of indigenous descent in the parish. With the objective of analyzing the contribution of the indigenous culture in the Ramón Campaña parish to the process of construction of the Ecuadorian cultural identity to redefine its particularities. The contributions will focus on the theoretical order and will aim to revisit the contribution of indigenous culture in this parish, with characteristics and thematic axes that allow establishing its epistemic independence. Likewise, they will be oriented towards the introduction of theoretical considerations that serve to verify, from a better analytical framework, the specific conditions under which their preservation is contributed. It is concluded that the Ramón Campaña parish of the Pangua Canton in Ecuador needs to strengthen institutional, cantonal and parish work through strategic alliances, necessary reforms to its educational systems and joint and interdisciplinary work, to contribute to the preservation of cultural identity of the nation's indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general objective of the research is to analyze the roles of the Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) in socio-assistance policies for indigenous children and adolescents. The specific objectives are to contextualize the childhood of indigenous children and adolescents, to demonstrate the legal protection for indigenous children and adolescents, as well as to verify the socioassistance policies for indigenous children and adolescents and the roles of the Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS). The research question is: How are the roles of the Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) structured regarding socioassistance policies for indigenous children and adolescents? The approach method is deductive. The procedure method is monographic, involving documentary and bibliographic research techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to plague the world, but there are indigenous communities that have adopted various protection measures in their homes and communities. Objective: Describe cultural practices to prevent COVID-19 in an indigenous community in Peru, 2021. Method: Descriptive qualitative research. The sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, 08 mothers and 02 fathers from the Supayacu native community participated in the study. For data collection, four interviews were applied via Zoom and six in person with prior informed consent. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: a) Communal organization: Closure of borders, process of acquisition and disinfection of provisions, b) Cultural care in food and use of traditional medicine, c) Adoption of preventive measures: Washing hands, use of masks, alcohol, hygiene of the home, d) Religious beliefs and rituals: divine punishment, fasting and prayer. Conclusions: This indigenous community used their ancestral knowledge and cultural practices to protect themselves from COVID-19, based on their organization, the closure of borders, the use of medicinal plants, and their religious beliefs. In addition, they complied with preventive measures such as hand washing, use of masks, alcohol, and social distancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the experience of nursing staff in the care of pregnant women in an Institution of Indigenous Health Services in Colombia. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, based on the referent of hybrid thematic oral history. The collaborators were 2 nurses and 6 nursing assistants belonging to an indigenous health institution who, through an interview, expressed their ideas regarding the subject under study. The content analysis was carried out following the three phases proposed by Laurence Bardin; pre-analysis, exploration of the material and treatment of the results, inference and interpretation. Results: 3 categories emerged; Institutional maternal health with a focus on culture, Role of nursing staff in caring for indigenous pregnant women, and Perceived barriers to institutional care for indigenous women. Conclusion: The Institution seeks to offer differential care that considers the cultural practices of women, however, the need for structural changes is evident, with a focus on raising awareness and preparing health personnel to provide intercultural care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal mining is associated with negative social, political, economic, health, and environmental impacts. These individual impacts are generally understood, but a deeper understanding of the combined syndemic effects of mining, particularly in Indigenous communities, is needed, especially as metal mining is expected to grow with the expansion of cleaner energy technologies. Perceptions of environmental risk and human health in Ch'orti' communities of Olopa, Guatemala, that have been impacted by the Cantera Los Manantiales antimony mine were examined via a community-based participatory research approach that included participatory mapping, interviews, and community mapping workshops. Results indicate increased violence and community divisions, increased incidence of health concerns, and an extensive loss of crops and domesticated animals following the introduction of mining operations. Furthermore, participants attributed both water and air contamination to the mine. We argue that our collective results present as a syndemic and represent a continuation of violence toward Indigenous people. Findings will support local leaders and allied research and legal organizations in efforts to effectively access justice and assess health in Indigenous communities impacted by the mine in Olopa. More broadly, this effort demonstrates how participatory mapping methods add nuance to the understanding of syndemics and other environmental health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the literature on popular liberalism in nineteenth-century Mexico and the shortcomings of two interpretations: popular liberalism as an alternative to elite liberalism, and popular liberalism as a strategy to ultimately pursue non-liberal ends. It argues that both interpretations tend to overstate the distance between the liberal elite and its popular supporters because of an unexamined, dichotomous conception of liberalism and the people (generally Indigenous and non-Indigenous peasants) as opposites. It draws its examples from studies of local politics and sides with the interpretation of 'liberalism tout court ' as the best available option to avoid reifications of liberalism and the popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a case study in the Mayangna territory of Awas Tingni, this article explores current conflicts over lands, resources and identity in the Northern Caribbean region in Nicaragua. Through ethnographic excerpts and analysis of interviews and observations, the study demonstrates that judicialization and land titling has not brought security and stability for rights bearing indigenous communities. Rather, the titling process has been followed by a process of monetization of the land that has facilitated colonisation with a range of detrimental environmental and socio-cultural consequences, leaving fractioned indigenous communities in a vulnerable position to protect eco-systems and manage the relations with the many new settlers in their territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to argue about the importance of indigenous peoples' right to land as a means of preserving the environment and achieving socio-environmental justice. The problem is to answer whether it is possible to protect indigenous peoples' right to land and in what way; and whether it is a means of realizing socio-environmental justice in the context of environmental preservation. As a hypothesis, it is understood that the guarantee of indigenous land is a means of environmental preservation, since the traditions and cultures of the original peoples help to protect the environment, balance the climate and control deforestation and atmospheric and soil pollution. It therefore becomes a means of realizing socio-environmental justice. The specific objectives of this work are to study the concepts of indigenous lands and socio-environmental justice and Brazilian indigenous legislation; to analyze the intercultural relationship between indigenous culture and the environment; and finally, to demonstrate how the plural, biocentric and ecological culture of indigenous peoples contributes to the preservation of the environment. Using a deductive method, a qualitative bibliographical review and an indirect research technique, with legislative and bibliographical analysis, it is concluded that the relationship between indigenous peoples and the environment and the right to land is an example of the intersection between environmental, social and cultural issues, since respecting and protecting these rights not only contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems, but also to the maintenance of cultural and global diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze the articulation between neo-extractivist policies and neoindigenist policies in Jujuy, Argentina, between the years 2015 and 2022. Specifically, we study the articulation of the Secretariat of Indigenous Peoples with other spheres of the provincial State and with indigenous communities. We address three cases: the sanction of Law 5915 in 2016, the creation of the Intercultural Police in 2018, and the project to install the Free Zone in Quiaca Vieja (department of Yavi, Puna region) in 2018-2022. We hold as a hypothesis that the indigenist institutionality operates to legitimize the neo-extractivist economic policy that is presented as a renewal of the productive matrix. We return to a qualitative methodology and use documentary review and interviews with key informants as data construction techniques. Our theoretical framework includes critical perspectives on neo-extractivism and neo-indigenism, as well as contributions from Indian-indigenous political thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: With a modernizing discourse and business partners, former Peruvian president Alan García led the sale of indigenous Amazonian lands to oil companies. The Awajun and Wampis peoples responded, alongside national and international allies, by demanding the application of ILO Convention 169 through various mobilizations known as "el Baguazo" (2007-2009). This study analyzes, from a deliberative perspective, how the visibility of the arguments and cultural representations of indigenous peoples influenced their self-representation in the public sphere. Methodology: Based on the review of journalistic sources, government reports, statements from national and international organizations, and literature on social conflict and indigenous peoples, the chronology and discourses of the conflict were reconstructed. Conclusions: The mobilized indigenous communities self-represented, expressing their demands and cultural identities (cosmogonies, notions of territory, and development), opposing the sale of their lands. In this way, public spaces emerged, breaking into the national imagination, where sectors of the Peruvian citizenship recognized them for the first time. A network of allies reproduced and supported the indigenous arguments, lending them credibility to those who were unfamiliar with them. However, it was a partial advance as it remained limited to the cultural sphere without translating into the political realm, which is evident in the obtained Law of Prior Consultation (2011), which disregarded their sovereignty. Originality: While the literature on socioenvironmental conflicts focuses on actors and strategies, this article emphasizes the arguments of indigenous peoples, their deliberation, dissemination, and power of persuasion in the face of the rest of the Peruvian citizenry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, funding agencies, universities and research institutes have imposed written forms where researchers declare to have the free and informed consent and/or endorsements of the indigenous people, communities or institutions with whom they are going to develop their anthropological work. This is in compliance with National Law No. 24071 which approves Convention 169 of the International Organization on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in independent countries. Accordingly, codes of professional ethics have been written and different ethics committees have been created to regulate and endorse these scientific and academic practices. The narration and reflection on the ethnographic situations experienced together with members of indigenous communities in the Province of Córdoba (Argentina) in response to the request for endorsement for university extension scholarships, the request for consent to write and publish a book about their ancestors, the holding of a discussion and the collective writing of notes for the website of the Museum of Anthropology in tha Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities at Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, are presented in these pages. The objective is to change “an additional obligation, an additional requirement” into an object of study, taking into account the intercultural context in which researchers find themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to observe the spatial design practices of the Yawanawá indigenous population that inhabits the Rio Gregorio Indigenous Land, located in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. In collaboration with this community, the intention is to reflect on approaches that can enrich the research of their spatial knowledge, thereby contributing to the consolidation of Amerindian knowledge in the academic field of architecture and design. The participant observation methodology allowed an immersion into Yawanawá narratives that rescue their ancestral role in the architectural and landscape configuration of the territory. Through elaborating a photographic visual investigation, it is sought to expand voices and meanings in strata of coexisting times, articulating the images to the Amerindian architectural conceptions that survived colonial abuse. In the conclusions, the lessons that the Yawanawá express and manifest are highlighted when building spaces of resistance in a poetic, symbolic, and daily way where the urban power structures constructed and/or that cross their territory were and are re-signified to test other ways of living in the forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article we are going to analyse an attempt by the colonial government of Virreinato del Río de la Plata to re-group some indigenous communities of the Charrúa and the Minuano through negotiation with two Charrúa Caciques (Chieftains) as mediators. We are going to examine the conditions proposed in the agreement, the role of the Caciques as mediators in the peace talks, the objective conditions to achieve a lasting peace as well as the actions of deserters that inhabited the tolderías. By the end of the eighteenth century, the countryside of Banda Oriental del Uruguay was traversed by diverse problematic conditions as a consequence of its complexity as a political, international and interethnic frontier. On one hand, the condition of the political frontier between the Spanish and the Portuguese generated an increasing conflict due to military tensions, smuggling, livestock driving to Brazil, illegal slaughtering and the resulting violence towards the rural inhabitants and indigenous populations. On the other hand, the internal frontier with the Charrúa and the Minuano natives seemed more and more convulsed as result of the hispanic-creole population advance encircling the indigenous lands as well as the actions of gauderios, changadores and deserters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indigenous Tutorial Education Program (PET)--Actions in Health has been developed since 2010 at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil, and seeks to train agents capable of collaborating in the improvement of indigenous health conditions and in popular communities. Several indigenous people have passed through the group since its creation. There are also some indigenous peoples who have already graduated and are present professionally in different contexts. Thus, this article presents research that sought to map the group's former members, in the first twelve years of its existence, and to know their current experiences and the period in which they were participants. This is a study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using documental survey, sessions and semi-structured interviews. There were 46 participants in the group, 39 of whom were graduates, with a great diversity of self-employed courses, regions of Brazil and indigenous peoples. They developed several activities in research, teaching and extension, with interesting relationships with their graduations and with their permanence in the institution. The effects of participation in the group and the relationship between their participation and daily professional practices were noticed, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the enactment of the 1991 Colombian Constitution, a legal and institutional framework has been established to address the political demands of multiculturalism. This article examines the incarceration of indigenous individuals in this multicultural context and highlights the various factors influencing the adoption of penal confinement as a response to indigenous criminal behavior. The article traces the process by which indigenous special jurisdiction has embraced incarceration over the past two decades and examines the potential factors that have led to transcending the multicultural boundary with imprisonment as the dominant punitive form. The emergence of a special legal subject--the incarcerated indigenous individual--indicates the outcome of this collision between legal worlds, placing them in the liminal space of identity uncertainty, reintegration impossibility, and the latent potential for the disappearance of their cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social interaction between the "white man" and indigenous peoples followed a racist colonial pattern, which continues to have repercussions today. The colonization process implanted the seeds of racism in our society, and this virus has undergone successive mutations and adaptations to new circumstances. Despite the flexibility and historical persistence of racism against indigenous peoples, this subject has received limited research attention in Brazil. This study presents a scoping literature review on racism against indigenous peoples, aiming to identify theories that focus on this phenomenon, analyze its manifestations, and explore possibilities for investigation and intervention. The literature search was conducted in several databases, including the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, American Psychological Association, Virtual Health Library, CAPES, and SCIELO journals, using the terms "racismo and indígenas" or "racismo and índios". A total of three theses/dissertations and seven articles were identified, with only one of them being an empirical article. The results indicate that the topic is under-addressed and fragmented, with diverse fields examining different aspects of racism, but with limited conceptual and empirical depth. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further studies, as they are crucial in preventing the replication of racist attitudes and the invisibility of indigenous peoples within the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social interaction between the "white man" and indigenous peoples took place following a racist colonial pattern, which continues to reverberate today. The colonization process inoculated the cells of our society with the racist virus, which has undergone successive mutations and adapted to new situations. Despite the flexibility and historical persistence of racism against indigenous peoples, this is still a subject that has been little researched in Brazil. This work presents a review of the literary scope on racism against indigenous peoples. Specifically, the theories that focus on the phenomenon are identified, analyzing their forms of expression and verifying the possibilities of investigation and intervention on the subject. The literature search was carried out in the databases of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, American Psychological Association, Virtual Health Library, Capes and SciElo journals, using the terms "racismo and indígenas" or "racismo and índios". A total of three Theses/Dissertations and seven Articles were found, with only one empirical article. The results indicate that the theme is little addressed and dispersed, that is, analyzed by a great diversity of areas, which focus on different forms of expression of racism with little conceptual and empirical depth. It concludes by emphasizing the need for further studies, given the demonstration of its importance so that science does not reproduce racist and invisibilization attitudes against indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to analyze how the recognition of collective property was carried out in the case of Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni vs. Nicaragua in 2001 by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights as the first case of its kind. To achieve this purpose, analytical-synthetic methods and case studies were used, which allowed us, at first, to study the case as a whole and then return to what concerns collective property. The findings of the research demonstrate that, based on standards created based on the intercultural approach by this high international court, an effective delivery of justice to indigenous peoples is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a review of Harold Bertot Triana's book on the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR). The author analyzes topics such as the control of conventionality, diplomatic asylum, the rights of indigenous peoples, social and political rights, indefinite re-election, and the denunciation of the American Convention. The importance of the IACHR's work in protecting human rights in the American region is highlighted. Jurisprudential decisions regarding communal property, consultation and free consent of indigenous peoples, as well as political corruption and indefinite presidential re-election in Latin America, are also mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Through the increased visibility of indigenous peoples on social media networks, a reflection of the instrumentalization of social movements for communication, the article reports on a quantitative and qualitative research targeted at indigenous popular communicators. Mapping conditioned by territorial ties to the Legal Amazon identifies 398 active profiles on Facebook, Instagram and Youtube, as well as pages with greater impact on each platform. The examination of activists' protagonism, through semi-structured interviews, also motivates an investigation into the uses and limitations of indigenous popular communication in a context of new mediations, where communication is acknowledged as a human right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the progress, in normative and democratization terms, of the mechanisms and dynamics of the political participation system of the Indigenous peasant peoples of Bolivia. The objective of such discussion is to represent the functioning of the institutional assemblage of the Departmental Legislative Assembly of La Paz and the uses and customs of the Indigenous Mosetén people. For this analysis, it is understood that the Plurinational State has been the result of a process of state construction in which the Indigenous peasant peoples have struggled for representation and recognition. In this article, a systematic analysis is carried out of the institutional innovations introduced through the Plurinational State, which have entailed electoral reform. The paradigm of intercultural democracy is discussed and operationalized through the notion of assemblage, as this case is approached through its characterization and through interviews of key actors. It is concluded that the mechanisms introduced in Bolivia open paths to recognize other, non-liberal democracies and that the inclusion of historically excluded ethnic minorities is possible. However, the obstacles and challenges faced by Indigenous populations to consolidate what is described in the law are also illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper opens the black box of policy co-production processes presented by the Colombian and Ecuadorian governments, regarding the traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, in keeping with the necessities of Indigenous peoples. The purpose of this paper is to analyze what similarities and differences there exist in the role of the Ecuadorian and Colombian States as organizers, guarantors of plural expression, and facilitators of public deliberation, and how policymakers have opened the space for Indigenous peoples for producing traditional knowledge policy. The paper turns to qualitative research focused on collecting information from public actors. The data obtained assesses our working hypothesis that the role of the State in the production of traditional knowledge policy has been more democratic in Ecuador than in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Human Rights Committee’s decisión regarding the case Billy et. al. v. Australia (22 September 2022) marks the first time that the Committee has recognised human rights violations as a result of the climate change crisis. Specifically, it recognises the violation of two articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the right to a private and family life without interference (article 17) and the right to the protection of minorities (article 27) by the Australian State. The analysis of this case elaborates on some of the main obstacles to climate litigation through human rights, with a particular focus on the right to life (article 6). This decision by the Committee may have been influenced by developments in climate justice, focusing on the situation of the most vulnerable groups, such as Torres Strait Islanders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reflect on the self-determination of the indigenous peoples and nationalities of Ecuador from a qualitative approach, a bibliographic research was developed, which consisted of selecting and compiling information based on readings and analysis of documents, academic journals, books, laws, regulations. and other bibliographic materials, measured by inductive-deductive and synthetic analytical processes. Which allowed us to reach the following conclusions: Legally, it is necessary to reinforce training and awareness regarding the plurinational State of rights and justice that the CRE establishes, so that greater understanding is generated regarding the duty that public officials, administrators of justice, have. By acting as the State, in terms of being the guarantors of rights, at the same time it is important to deepen and disseminate the constitutionalization of criminal law, so that the collective rights recognized in what is called the constitutionality block are not only a dead letter, but rather that it be applied and in academics the specific study of peoples and nationalities, their diversity, culture and customary law must be promoted, with the purpose of understanding the main elements of the indigenous worldview, in the face of problem resolution. At the same time, the intercultural approach must be reinforced from the primary levels of education to conceive ourselves as diverse and non-homogeneous, with a view to creating a State of equality and equity, without discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistently high rate of failure in development projects involving local communities in the Peruvian Amazon over recent decades has not prevented the recurrence of these same mistakes year after year, resulting in significant social, environmental, and economic impacts, despite claims of 'sustainability' and 'inclusivity' by many. This paper analyses the factors contributing to this failure, with a particular focus on the lack of understanding of the Amazonian reality and the absence of environmental and cultural relevance in development models imported from other regions. As an alternative approach, we propose the promotion of bio-entrepreneurship initiatives led by families and community interest groups in the Amazonian communities. These initiatives should preferably involve non-timber forest resources, in alignment with the 'forest-oriented' profile of traditional Amazonian societies. Additionally, the application of culturally pertinent technologies and other solutions is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the province of Santa Fe (Argentina) there are about 800 teachers working in schools with Intercultural Bilingual Education (EIB) modality, however, despite the more than thirty years of trajectory of EIB in the jurisdiction, the initial and/or continuous official training offer does not reach all the actors working in the modality and, in most of the registered cases, it does not go beyond the socialization of experiences; this situation has an impact on the strengthening of EIB in the territory. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the challenges of public teacher training policies in Santa Fe if the objective is to strengthen EIBproposals; for this purpose, the relationship between the official training offer for non-qualified teachers and the functions demanded of them by the institutional EIB project is made explicit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the use of the "documentary" cinematographic genre in the teaching of history, especially in the teaching of indigenous history, taking as reference the first episode of the documentary series Guerras do Brasil.doc, called As Guerras da Conquista, directed by Luis Bolognesi. Through a bibliographic review, we seekto understand the specificities of documentary cinema for teaching history, needs and deficits in the field of indigenous history and the possible contributions of the documentary under analysis to the most recent discussions on this thematic. Finally, as a result of this analisys, the didactic potential of the work and its application in the classroom were explored, including the possibility of using it in the application of active methodologies and its contribution to citizenship training in basic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the dietary pattern and deficiency risk in the usual energy and nutrient intake of pregnant and lactating women from some indigenous peoples. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with information from the dietary intake component taken from the National Survey of the food and nutritional situation of indigenous peoples in Colombia, conducted between 2013 and 2019, which included 1,028 pregnant (319) and lactating (709) indigenous women from the northern and southern regions of the country. Results: A proportion higher than 90% (SD = 0.04) of pregnant and lactating women with lower than recommended calorie intake was found (p = 0.038). Around 70% of pregnant and lactating women had no any dairy products the day before the survey, and 50% did not eat fruits and vegetables. Regarding micronutrients, high prevalence of deficiency risk in the intake of vitamin C (50.3 and 80.2%), folate (80.4 and 95.1%), zinc (87.6 and 96.3%), iron (88.9 and 68.6%) and calcium (87.5 and 98.5%) was found in pregnant and lactating women. Conclusion: Food and nutrient intake in pregnant and lactating indigenous women is deficient in key nutrients to maintain their general health and provide the necessary nutrients to their babies. Their dietary pattern is considered unhealthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I return to the concept of epistolarium, proposed by Stanley (2004) and to how this notion finds in the idea of the letter as an act (LEJEUNE, 2008), a place/non-place of its forms and nonspecificity. Thus, I discuss the development of an e-pistolary by indigenous peoples, through a critical analysis of the letters published in the website/archive “As cartas dos povos indígenas ao Brasil” (Letters of the indigenous peoples to Brazil). Initially, I define what I call indigenous e-pistolary, and how its organization differs from epistolary archives of renowned writers. I do so to defend the idea that the letters written by the indigenous people are the new letters of Brazil: a path to a discussion about indigenous postal art and the place of their letters in Brazilian literature and history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple international declarations have proclaimed the right of indigenous peoples to receive a respectful education toward their cultural identity. However, schools struggle to address students' ethnicity, incorporate indigenous perspectives, and properly interact with families. The authors belong to the Mapuche people and have considered it relevant to address the perceived tensions in the educational space during their academic and professional work experience. They adhere to the perspective of cultural psychology, which proposes the mutual construction of the individual and its context. This research is aimed to understand the tensions between the school and indigenous families belonging to the Mapuche people, who live outside the ancestral territory. A qualitative data collection and analysis strategy was followed, focusing on the narratives of 14 Mapuche mothers and fathers with school-age children. The relationship between the school and the Mapuche families is characterized by mistrust and criticism from the families. The school exhibits ambivalence while trying to incorporate Mapuche cultural expressions and reproducing discrimination dynamics at the same time. These tensions are related to the legacy of discrimination left by the school as an institution and episodes of racism experienced by the interviewees. Difficulties in the management of cultural diversity are perpetuated by political and social resistance to provide and expand indigenous rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article starts from the study of the formation of Latin American anthropological communities and the attention they give to indigenous ethnology to give them an epistemic identity to interpret the process of stylization of anthropology in particular national and nationalist contexts. The article now focuses on the anthropology carried out in Venezuela throughout the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, with the aim of characterizing it in the set of other Latin American "peripheral anthropologies". We start from the discourses of anthropologists about their own field and anthropological community(ies) to which they belong, and from ethnographies as cultural artifacts of this anthropology about the "universally shared others of the discipline", such as indigenous peoples and their cultures and identities. The article will make it possible to better understand the relationships established between indigenous peoples and anthropology in Venezuela and, in what way, anthropology undergoes transformations in the face of the revolutionary political context triggered in that country. From this perspective, anthropological, historical and biographical works by practitioners of the discipline in Venezuela were examined in order to understand the effects that broader ideological movements have on the stylization of the discipline and the scientific and professional practice of anthropology. Understanding that the Venezuelan revolutionary context is marked by a new political and economic project that affected social and institutional structures, even implying the restructuring of the State and its proposals through the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic, we emphasize that such changes in the national context provoked tensions that directly affected the scientific production of anthropology. Finally, this article seeks to think about the discipline in meta ethnographic terms in order to suggest the importance of a more in-depth study of peripheral anthropologies, thinking about their singularities from a critical awareness of the different places and ways, which are made particular, of becoming practice anthropology in contemporary times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to relate the very important question of the autonomy of indigenous peoples to freely make decisions about their life with the notion of indigeneity, reconceptualised as a socially constructed and deeply contested resource. Resources are more than mere static assets or quantities of matter waiting to be measured, explored or protected. Something becomes a resource through joint processes of quantification, valuation, and normalisation. Along these lines, indigeneity is not just the ascertainment of something or someone in relation to 'somewhat else', but a nexus of indigenous peoples' self-realisation and political intervention. To be indigenous is to exist politically in space and in relation to antagonist forces and processes that constantly downgrade their ethnic and social condition. Indigeneity is, thus, a resource that presupposes the value and the fight for their rights and for other (so-called) indigenous resources found in their lands. The main contribution here is the claim that indigeneity is a ground-breaking resource and a reaction formulated in the interstices of the old and new machineries of market-oriented coloniality. Indigeneity is reinterpreted as a special, highly politicised resource that directly and indirectly opposes processes of world grabbing and the appropriation of other territorialised resources from indigenous areas. It is concluded that indigeneity, as a resourceful resource, has become a key factor in the process of external and internal recognition, which galvanises political mobilisation and instigates novel forms of interaction. What makes indigenous peoples more and more unique is also what makes them share a socio-political struggle with allied, subaltern social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zoonymy concerning invertebrates among the Qom people of western Formosa (Argentina) is examined in this study. Conflicts arising from the divergence between Qom modes of classification and the academic classificatory system are analyzed. The primary basis for this research lies in fieldwork, encompassing interviews and the collection of biological materials. The Qom names for the fauna, including ethnospecies and ethnovarieties, are presented. This includes translations of the names, ethnovariety classification criteria, taxonomic positions, and any homonyms. The study also documents aspects of zoonymy related to the interpretation of polymorphisms, metamorphoses, life cycles, by-products, and sessile modes of life. Finally, a diverse array of strategies for naming and classifying invertebrates is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]