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Over the past 2 decades, fundamentals of exercise medicine, including clinical exercise testing, assessment and promotion of physical activity, exercise prescription, and supervised exercise training/rehabilitation programming have demonstrated considerable clinical value in the management of children and adolescents with congenital and acquired heart disease. Although the principles of exercise medicine have become an integral component in pediatric cardiology, there are no standardized training recommendations for exercise physiology during pediatric cardiology fellowship at this time. Thus, the Pediatric Cardiology Exercise Medicine Curriculum Committee (PCEMCC) was formed to establish core and advanced exercise physiology training recommendations for pediatric cardiology trainees. The PCEMCC includes a diverse group of pediatric cardiologists, exercise physiologists, and fellowship program directors. The expert consensus training recommendations are by no means a mandate and are summarized herein, including suggestions for achieving the minimum knowledge and training needed for general pediatric cardiology practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To quantify the responses of drivers to traffic information and the congestion evacuation effect on the basis of traffic guidance information, a multilayer network congestion risk propagation model of urban roads was built to analyse the influence of the advanced traveller information system (ATIS) penetration rate, group behaviours of drivers, and traveller flow distribution features on the traffic congestion risk propagation of urban roads. Meanwhile, the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of group behaviours of drivers in a road network under the guidance of traffic information were analysed with the microscopic Markov chain approach (MMCA). A simulation analysis of the artery network in the fourth ring of Beijing was also carried out. Results demonstrated that the influence of traffic information and drivers' information reinforcement psychology on congestion risk propagation depend on the aggregation effect caused by traffic information. Increasing the ATIS market penetration rate and drivers' acceptance of information is beneficial to relieve traffic congestion as long as the drivers' aggregation effect is within a critical range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a study which described a method that combines capacitance-voltage and current-voltage temperature measurements of a heterobarrier structure for reliable determination of the band discontinuity. Extraction of the Fermi energies; Location of the flat band condition; Determination of the barrier height at flat band; Application to strained indium gallium arsenide/indium aluminum arsenide heterostructures.

Structural and magnetic properties of Ga0.93Mn0.07As layers grown on (001) and (311)A GaAs substrates by molecular-bean epitaxy are investigated. The as-grown (001) and (311)A Ga0.93Mn0.07As layers exhibit the same Curie temperature (TC) of 80 K. However, upon annealing, the TC’s of the (001) and (311)A Ga0.93Mn0.07As layers are enhanced by 80 and 60 K, respectively. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the AsGa defects cannot be removed by low-temperature annealing, and a higher concentration of AsGa defects exist in the (311)A layers than in the (100) reference layers. The less enhancement in TC by annealing for the (311)A Ga0.93Mn0.07As layer can be ascribed to the larger amount of AsGa defects in the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The G‐allele of the ‐1019C/G (rs6295) promoter polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1A) gene has been implicated in anxiety; however, the underlying neurophysiological processes are still not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that low parasympathetic (vagal) tone is predictive of anxiety. We thus conducted a structural equation model (SEM) to examine whether the HTR1A rs6295 variant can affect anxiety by altering parasympathetic nervous activity. Method: A sample of 1141 drug‐free healthy Han Chinese was recruited for HTR1A genotyping. Autonomic nervous function was assessed by short‐term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Anxiety and stress levels were evaluated by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) respectively. Results: The number of the HTR1A G allele was inversely correlated with high‐frequency power (HF), a parasympathetic index of HRV. The HF index was negatively associated with BAI scores. Furthermore, the good‐fitting SEM, adjusting for confounding variables (e.g., age and PSS levels), revealed a significant pathway linking rs6295 variant to BAI scores via HF index modulation. Conclusion: These results are the first to show that HTR1A ‐1019C/G polymorphism influences anxiety levels by modulating parasympathetic tone, providing a neurophysiological insight into the role of HTR1A in human anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competitive adsorption between arsenate, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), phosphate and sulphate and resulting impacts on microbial arsenate reduction was investigated at the water-goethite interface at 10 μM arsenate with Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN-32 at pH 7. Addition of phosphate and S. putrefaciens EPS to 2 g L −1 goethite suspensions increased dissolved arsenate concentrations and enhanced arsenate reduction rates. The half-life of first order kinetics was 343 h without competitive species, whereas adding 50–500 μM phosphate and 0.28 g L −1 EPS decreased half-lives to 141–177 and 223 h, respectively. Phosphate and EPS addition did not increase arsenate reduction rates at 10 and 0.4 L −1 goethite, reflecting stronger effect of arsenate mobilisation induced by microbe-mineral interaction than competitive adsorption, respectively. Addition of 100 μM sulphate did not accelerate arsenate reduction, reflecting its weak competitive adsorption. Moreover, phosphate may slow down but EPS accelerate arsenate reduction in solution. Addition of 300–700 μM phosphate increased half-life of dissolved arsenate reduction in solution from 21.3 to 29.4–32.2 h but the presence of 1.4 g L −1 EPS decreased half-life to 2.2 h. Depending on surface coverage and the nature and concentrations of competitive species, competitive adsorption may enhance arsenate reduction kinetics and cause arsenic mobilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the causes of unlawful behaviours between special equipment quality supervision institutions and third-party special equipment inspection institutions, an evolutionary game model was developed. Since the expected payoff matrix frequently used in general game model cannot accurately describe the influence of the risk expectations, the prospect value function was proposed to build the revenue perception matrix of the model. Then, the evolutionary characteristics were analysed through replicator dynamics equations. Accordingly, the evolutionary stable strategies were obtained based on the Jacobian matrix. Moreover, the dynamic evolution phase diagrams were formulated to describe the behaviours. Finally, numerical simulation examples were conducted to investigate the evolutionary path and the evolutionarily stable strategies. Results show that the probability of the third-party special equipment inspection institution choosing the passive performance strategy is negatively correlated with the expected risk value. The supervision probability of the quality supervision institution is directly proportional to the social benefits. In addition, the supervision probability is dependent on the penalty risks, and the initial population scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Arsenite and arsenate speciation was performed in 121 commercially purchased samples of 12 rice types to understand their relative relevance in rice grain. General effectiveness of a recently developed extraction protocol based on 0.28M nitric acid at 95°C was verified by checking the recovery of total grain arsenic and by comparing arsenic speciation in NIST-CRM-1568a, NMIJ-CRM-7503a and IMEP-107 with certificated and literature values. The arsenic speciation highlights the predominance of arsenite in 115 and dimethylarsinic acid in six samples and common minor components including arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and two unknown arsenical species. Our data also indicate potential influences of other trace elements on As speciation in rice grain. Averagely, arsenite accounts for 90% of inorganic grain arsenic regardless of geographic origin, rice type, grain size, cultural practice and polish treatment. The high arsenite predominance indicates an elevated toxic effect of arsenic in rice than is perceived to date. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigated in total 80 wine samples of different types and seven grape juice and 23 beer samples purchased from markets in Central Europe in order to understand the arsenic (As) speciation and help assess the potential As toxicity via intake of alcoholic beverages. Generally, total As concentrations in most samples investigated were below the drinking water limit 10 µg l−1 published by the World Health Organization (WHO); ranging from 0.46 to 21.0 µg l−1 As in red and white wines and from 0.75 to 13.4 µg l−1 As in beers. In addition, concentrations of total As in rice wine and in rice beer were 0.63–6.07 and 3.69–8.23 µg l−1 As, respectively. The total As concentrations in ice wine ranged from 7.94 to 18.8 µg l−1 As, significantly higher than in white and red wine. Arsenite predominated as the As species in most of the wine samples, whereas arsenate was the dominant species in rice wine, beer and rice beer. Methyl As components were usually minor components in all wine and beer samples. Monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid and two additional unknown As species were frequently found in grape juice, late harvest and ice wine with higher sweetness. After air exposure, arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid were stable at 4°C for months, probably due to the acidic conditions of wine and beer samples. The presence of sulfite had little influence on As speciation in wine. Despite the predominance of more toxic arsenite and arsenate in wine and beer, the estimated weekly exposure to As (via consumption of beer, wine and rice wine) is low. The As intake per capita is 6.81 µg from beer, <1.93 µg from wine and 0.88 µg from rice wine, estimated using the median of total As concentration multiplied by the average consumption per capita of the corresponding beverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prepared giant magnetoresistance samples comprising of pseudo spin valve structures and measured the current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance (MR) with applied magnetic field along the easy and hard axes of the samples. When the magnetic field was applied along the easy axis, high and low resistance states representing magnetization parallel and anti-parallel states were observed. However, when the magnetic field was applied along the hard axis, two stochastic MR curves were obtained. The two distinct MR curves correspond to the different magnetizations reversal processes via two kinds of the magnetization orientation states, fully parallel and anti-parallel, at remanence. In our case, the two distinct magnetization reversal processes occurred randomly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]