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Purpose: Among the treatment modalities for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) is the commonest offered in the UK, whereas thermal ablation (TA) has not been common in several decades, despite several notable advantages. TA and LLETZ are both routinely undertaken in our colposcopy unit, and extensive follow-up data have been used to interrogate outcomes between the two modalities and determine whether one modality may be preferred over the other.Methods: Up to 8 years of follow-up data (cytology and histology) were collected for patients who have undergone LLETZ or TA and failed post-treatment test of cure (ToC). These data were analysed and used to plot Kaplan-Meier survival curves, in order to compare outcomes: negative cytology, dyskaryosis, low- and high-grade CIN and invasive squamous cell carcinoma.Results: i) Very few women treated with TA developed recurrent high-grade CIN in the follow-up period; (ii) LLETZ-treated women had a significantly higher rate of recurrence than those treated by TA; (iii) women who failed both virology and cytology components of post-treatment ToC had higher recurrence than those who failed only one, and the rate of recurrence was highest in those treated by LLETZ (> 65%).Conclusion: TA is an effective treatment of high-grade CIN, with a high chance of achieving double-negative ToC and low recurrence relative to LLETZ. We recommend the wider adoption of TA, so that young women of reproductive age have a choice of treatment with no reported adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We estimated that between 7.6% and 10.5% of Australian males aged 15–55 years with a history of suicidal thoughts and no prior history of suicide attempts will progress to a first suicide attempt within two-years. • The highest probability of transitioning to a first suicide attempt was observed among younger males aged 15–17 years (13.3%) and 18–29 years (15.3%), while the lowest probability among males aged 50–55 years (5.4%). • Without understating the high level of risk involved, it was encouraging that approximately 90% of our cohort of males with a history of suicidal thoughts had not transitioned to a first suicide attempt by two-year follow-up. • The odds of transitioning to a first suicide attempt were highest among younger males, males with a disability, homosexual or bisexual males, males living in inner regional areas and males working night shift. • Neither psychological distress, illicit substance use nor social connection indicators were correlated with transition to a first suicide attempt. Although many studies have examined the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal behavior, little is known about the probability of transition from suicidal thoughts to suicidal attempts and the factors that distinguish those who have suicidal thoughts from those who progress to a suicide attempt. To determine the probability and predictors of transition to a suicide attempt among young and middle-aged males with a history of suicidal thoughts but no prior history of attempting suicide. We used data from the first two waves of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health, approximately two years apart. We followed the cohort of males aged 18–55 years who, at wave 1, reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation but no history of a prior suicide attempt. We report transition probabilities to a first suicide attempt at Wave 2 and used logistic regression models to examine baseline predictors of transition to a first suicide attempt over the two-year period among males aged 18 years and older. From the 1,564 males with suicidal thoughts at wave 1,140 participants (8.9%; 95% CI:7.6,10.5) reported to have had their first suicide attempt in the two-year period. In multivariate analyses, males aged 30–39 (OR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.16,0.60), 40–49 (OR=0.47; 95% CI:0.24,0.91) and 50–55 (OR=0.31; 95% CI: 0.13,0.73) all had lower odds of a first suicide attempt compared to males aged 18–29 years. The odds of a first suicide attempt were significantly higher for males who were: living in inner regional areas (ref: major cities) (OR=2.32; 95% CI: 1.33,4.04); homosexual or bisexual (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.17,5.36); working night shift as their main job (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.05,2.91); and, living with a disability (OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.07,3.65). Clinical indicators such as symptoms of depression and illicit substance use were not significant predictors of transition to a first suicide attempt in multivariate models, nor were indicators of social connection. We estimated that 8.9% of Australian males aged 15–55 years with a history of suicidal thoughts and no prior history of suicide attempts will progress to a first suicide attempt within two-years. Neither psychological distress, illicit substance use nor social connection indicators were correlated with transition to a first suicide attempt. Rather, it was socio-demographic indicators that were associated with transition to a first suicide attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: Anastomotic leak (AL) is a major complication of rectal cancer surgery. Despite advances in surgical practice, the rates of AL have remained static, at around 10–15%. The aetiology of AL is multifactorial, but one of the most crucial risk factors, which is mostly under the control of the surgeon, is blood supply to the anastomosis. The MRC/NIHR IntAct study will determine whether assessment of anastomotic perfusion using a fluorescent dye (indocyanine green) and near‐infrared laparoscopy can minimize the rate of AL leak compared with conventional white‐light laparoscopy. Two mechanistic sub‐studies will explore the role of the rectal microbiome in AL and the predictive value of CT angiography/perfusion studies. Method: IntAct is a prospective, unblinded, parallel‐group, multicentre, European, randomized controlled trial comparing surgery with intra‐operative fluorescence angiography (IFA) against standard care (surgery with no IFA). The primary end‐point is rate of clinical AL at 90 days following surgery. Secondary end‐points include all AL (clinical and radiological), change in planned anastomosis, complications and re‐interventions, use of stoma, cost‐effectiveness of the intervention and quality of life. Patients should have a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum suitable for potentially curative surgery by anterior resection. Over 3 years, 880 patients from 25 European centres will be recruited and followed up for 90 days. Discussion: IntAct will rigorously evaluate the use of IFA in rectal cancer surgery and explore the role of the microbiome in AL and the predictive value of preoperative CT angiography/perfusion scanning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aim was to determine plasma lignocaine concentrations resulting from topical application of a newly formulated, sterile two-pack lignocaine gel in laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures. This was an open label single-centre study in which six female patients underwent laparoscopy and six underwent hysteroscopy. One venous blood sample was extracted pre-gel application, followed by 10 samples over a 24 hour period following application. Samples were centrifuged, stored at -20°C and subsequently analysed for lignocaine and its metabolite, monoethyl-glycinexylidide. Application of gel in doses between 2.7 and 5.8 mg/kg of lignocaine resulted in a maximum plasma concentration in any patient of 1520 ng/ml lignocaine and 240 ng/ml monoethyl-glycinexylidide. These maximum concentrations were recorded in a patient undergoing a laparoscopic procedure and patients undergoing hysteroscopic procedures all recorded lower maximum concentrations compared with patients undergoing laparoscopy; the maximum observed concentrations in a patient having a hysteroscopy were 420 ng/ml lignocaine and 56 ng/ml of monoethyl-glycinexylidide.A new sterile two-pack topical lignocaine gel, applied at the end of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures in doses up to 5.84 mg/kg, resulted in plasma lignocaine levels below those known to have the potential to cause central nervous system toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study of the levels of lignocaine plasma following topical application of a sterile two-pack gel in laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures. The researchers analyzed venous blood samples, which were centrifuged and stored at -20° Celsius, for lignocaine and monoethyl-glycinexilidide. They found maximum lignocaine concentrations in patients undergoing a laparoscopic surgery and minimum levels in subjects undergoing hysteroscopy.

Species with different regenerative responses to fire are hypothesised to coexist by utilising the different temporal and spatial niche opportunities created by the stochasticity of the fire regime. This is strongly supported by observations of instability of species' presence and abundance at the local scale while these are stable at the community scale. However, observations of species coexistence in fire-prone communities are limited to several decades only. To improve the robustness of this hypothesis, coalescent analysis, using chloroplast microsatellites, was undertaken on three sympatric species of Triodia from different functional groups in the fire-prone Kimberley region of Western Australia. The results inferred that T. bitextura, an obligate resprouter, Triodia sp., an obligate seeder, and T. epactia, a facultative resprouter, had mean Tmrca values of 65k, 40k and 111k generations, respectively. Using a mutation rate of 3.2 × 10−5 and a generation time of 5 years gave Tmrca values of 436k, 203k and 556 k years, respectively. These results provide evidence for the coexistence of these species to the same fire regime dating back to the late Pleistocene. It also demonstrates the long-term resilience of an obligate seeder, Triodia sp., in a frequently burnt environment at the community scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Broad community access to high quality evidence-based primary mental health care is an ongoing challenge around the world. In Australia one approach has been to broaden access to care by funding psychologists and other allied health care professionals to deliver brief psychological treatments to general practitioners' patients. To date, there has been a scarcity of studies assessing the efficacy of social worker delivered psychological strategies. This study aims to build the evidence base by evaluating the impact of a brief educational intervention on social workers' competence in delivering cognitive behavioural strategies (strategies derived from cognitive behavioural therapy). Methods: A randomised controlled trial design was undertaken with baseline and one-week follow-up measurement of both objective and self-perceived competence. Simulated consultations with standardised depressed patients were recorded on videotape and objective competence was assessed by blinded reviewers using the Cognitive Therapy Scale. Questionnaires completed by participants were used to measure self-perceived competence. The training intervention was a 15 hour face-to-face course involving presentations, video example consultations, written materials and rehearsal of skills in pairs. Results: 40 Melbourne-based (Australia) social workers enrolled and were randomised and 9 of these withdrew from the study before the pre training simulated consultation. 30 of the remaining 31 social workers (97%) completed all phases of the intervention and evaluation protocol (16 from intervention and 14 from control group). The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in objective competence (mean improvement of 14.2 (7.38-21.02) on the 66 point Cognitive Therapy Scale) and in subjective confidence (mean improvement of 1.28 (0.84-1.72) on a 5 point Likert scale). On average, the intervention group improved from below to above the base competency threshold on the Cognitive Therapy Scale whilst the control group remained below. Conclusions: Social workers can attain significant improvements in competency in delivering cognitive behavioural strategies from undertaking brief face to face training. This is relevant in the context of health reforms that involve social worker delivery of evidence based psychological care. Further research is required to assess how these improvements in competence translate into performance in practice and clinical outcomes for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present work, by investigating the influence of source/drain (S/D) extension region engineering (also known as gate-underlap architecture) in planar Double Gate (DG) SOI MOSFETs, we offer new design insights to achieve high tolerance to gate misalignment/oversize in nanoscale devices for ultra-low-voltage (ULV) analog/rf applications. Our results show that (i) misaligned gate-underlap devices perform significantly better than DG devices with abrupt source/drain junctions with identical misalignment, (ii) misaligned gate underlap performance (with S/D optimization) exceeds perfectly aligned DG devices with abrupt S/D regions and (iii) 25% back gate misalignment can be tolerated without any significant degradation in cut–off frequency (f T) and intrinsic voltage gain (A VO). Gate-underlap DG devices designed with spacer-to-straggle ratio lying within the range 2.5 to 3.0 show best tolerance to misaligned/oversize back gate and indeed are better than self-aligned DG MOSFETs with non-underlap (abrupt) S/D regions. Impact of gate length and silicon film thickness scaling is also discussed. These results are very significant as the tolerable limit of misaligned/oversized back gate is considerably extended and the stringent process control requirements to achieve self-alignment can be relaxed for nanoscale planar ULV DG MOSFETs operating in weak-inversion region. The present work provides new opportunities for realizing future ULV analog/rf design with nanoscale gate–underlap DG MOSFETs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we analyze the enormous potential of engineering source/drain extension (SDE) regions in FinFETs for ultra-low-voltage (ULV) analog applications. SDE - region design can simultaneously improve two key analog figures of merit (FOM)—intrinsic dc gain (AVO) and cutoff frequency (fT) for 60 and 30 nm FinFETs operated at low drive current (Jds = 5 μA/μm). The improved AVO and fT are nearly twice. compared to those of devices with abrupt SDE regions. The influence of the SDE region profile and its impact on analog FOM is extensively analyzed. Results show that SDE region optimization provides an additional degree of freedom apart from device parameters (fin width and aspect ratio) to design future nanoscale analog devices. The results are analyzed in terms of spacer-to-straggle ratio—a new design parameter for SDE engineered devices. This paper provides new opportunities for realizing future ULV/low-power analog design with FinFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present paper proposes for the first time, a novel design methodology based on the optimization of source/drain extension (SDE) regions to significantly improve the trade-off between intrinsic voltage gain (A VO) and cut-off frequency (f T) in nanoscale double gate (DG) devices. Our results show that an optimally designed 25nm gate length SDE region engineered DG MOSFET operating at drain current of 10μA/μm, exhibits up to 65% improvement in intrinsic voltage gain and 85% in cut-off frequency over devices designed with abrupt SDE regions. The influence of spacer width, lateral source/drain doping gradient and symmetric as well as asymmetrically designed SDE regions on key analog figures of merit (FOM) such as transconductance (g m), transconductance-to-current ratio (g m/I ds), Early voltage (V EA), output conductance (g ds) and gate capacitances are examined in detail. The present work provides new opportunities for realizing future low-voltage/low-power analog circuits with nanoscale SDE engineered DG MOSFETs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We have tested two 3He neutron spin filters (NSF), one for the polarizer and one for the analyzer, in conjunction with a doubly focusing pyrolytic graphite (PG) monochromator on the state-of-the-art BT-7 thermal triple axis spectrometer (TAS) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). This system will provide significantly better neutronic performance for polarization analysis over a conventional TAS with Heusler crystals. We discuss the scheme for employing NSFs on the TAS instrument, including the 3He cell design, spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) of these large 3He cells, and the holding fields on the spectrometer. Using Rb/K hybrid SEOP, we have produced 75% 3He polarization for the 11cm diameter cells for TAS in less than two days. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work presents a systematic analysis on the impact of source–drain engineering using gate “non-overlapped” on the RF performance of nano-scaled fully depleted Double Gate SOI transistors, when used in the design of a typical two stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). It is evident that for a gate length less than 40nm, the incorporation of optimal source–drain engineering requiring a spacer length, which may exceed the length of the gate, is particularly beneficial in analogue applications. Lengthening the spacer reduces gate capacitance in the weak/moderate inversion region more than transconductance, improving cut-off frequency f T. This improvement is particularly significant in a circuit application where an optimal spacer of 1.5 times the gate length is proposed. This gate under-lapped concept with extended spacer can also significantly enhance DC gain of the OTA, by increasing the Early Voltage, while maximising the transconductance to current ratio in the weak to moderate inversion, close to threshold voltage. With optimally designed devices, the sensitivity of OTA circuit performance to doping profile is shown to be relatively low. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The losses within the substrate of an RF IC can have significant effect on performance in a mixed signal application. In order to model substrate coupling accurately, it is represented by an RC network to account for both resistive and dielectric losses at high frequency (> 1 GHz). A small-signal equivalent circuit model of an RF IC inclusive of substrate parasitic effect is analysed in terms of its y-parameters and an extraction procedure for substrate parameters has been developed. By coupling the extracted substrate parameters along with extrinsic resistances associated with gate, source and drain, a standard BSIM3 model has been extended for RF applications. The new model exhibits a significant improvement in prediction of output reflection coefficient S22 in the frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz in device mode of operation and for a low noise amplifier (LNA) at 2.4 GHz. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, the analogue performance of a 65nm node double gate SOI (DGSOI) is qualitatively investigated using MixedMode simulation. The intrinsic resistance of the device is optimised by evaluating the impact of the source/drain engineering using variation of spacers and doping profile on the RF key figures of merit such as f T, and f MAX. It is evident that longer spacers, which approach the length of the gate offer better RF performance irrespective of the profile as long as the doping gradient at the gate edge is <7nm/decade. Analytical expressions, which reflect the dependence of f T, and f MAX on extrinsic source, drain and gate resistances R S, R D and R G have been derived. While R D and R S have equal effect on f T, R D appears to be more influential than R S in reducing f MAX. The sensitivity of f MAX to R S and R D. has been shown to be greater than to R G. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we propose for the first time, an analytical model for short channel effects in nanoscale source/drain extension region engineered double gate (DG) SOI MOSFETs. The impact of (i) lateral source/drain doping gradient (d), (ii) spacer width (s), (iii) spacer to doping gradient ratio (s/d) and (iv) silicon film thickness (T si), on short channel effects – threshold voltage (V th) and subthreshold slope (S), on-current (I on), off-current (I off) and I on/I off is extensively analysed by using the analytical model and 2D device simulations. The results of the analytical model confirm well with simulated data over the entire range of spacer widths, doping gradients and effective channel lengths. Results show that lateral source/drain doping gradient along with spacer width can not only effectively control short channel effects, thus presenting low off-current, but can also be optimised to achieve high values of on-currents. The present work provides valuable design insights in the performance of nanoscale DG SOI devices with optimal source/drain engineering and serves as a tool to optimise important device and technological parameters for 65nm technology node and below. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Double gate fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (DGSOI) is recognized as a possible solution when the physical gate length L g reduces to 25nm for the 65nm node on the ITRS CMOS roadmap. In this paper, scaling guidelines are introduced to optimally design a nanoscale DGSOI. For this reason, the sensitivity of the gate delay and on–off current ratio to each of the key geometric and technological parameters of the DGSOI are assessed and quantified using MixedMode simulations. The impact of the spacer length and doping gradient to the device and circuit performance are comprehensively investigated. It was found that the HP and LOP DGSOI could achieve the ITRS specification with a wider range of parameter combinations than the LSTP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Supramolecular polymer science has matured into a technology ready for industrial application. This review begins with an overview of the principles underlying self-assembly of supramolecular polymers. Polymers developed over the past decade are discussed, with emphasis placed on stable hydrogen bonded structures that exhibit useful material properties. The commercial potential of such supramolecular polymers is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparison of dc characteristics of fully depleted double-gate (DG) MOSFETs with respect to low-power circuit applications and device scaling has been performed by two-dimensional device simulation. Three different DG MOSFET structures including a conventional N+ polysilicon gate device with highly doped Si layer, an asymmetrical P+/N+ polysilicon gate device with low doped Si layer and a mid-gap metal gate device with low doped Si layer have been analysed. It was found that DG MOSFET with mid-gap metal gates yields the best dc parameters for given off-state drain leakage current and highest immunity to the variation of technology parameters (gate length, gate oxide thickness and Si layer thickness). It is also found that an asymmetrical P+/N+ polysilicon gate DG MOSFET design offers comparable dc characteristics, but better parameter immunity to technology tolerances than a conventional DG MOSFET. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper describes an artificial-neural-network (ANN) based non-linear modeling of deep-submicron CMOS for RF applications. The neural network model is concise when compared to the conventional modeling approach based on empirical equations and can demonstrate comparable accuracy. The non-linear voltage dependence of drain current, transconductance, and inter electrode capacitance can be characterized by a 3-layered neural network, whose inputs are the gate-to-source bias voltage Vgs and drain-to-source bias Vds. The corresponding “well-trained” neutral network has been found to be in excellent agreement with all intrinsic parameters and the drain current with measured data exhibits good extrapolation characteristics. This model has been implemented in an Agilent ADS simulation environment and tested on a 0.18-μm CMOS technology operating at 2.4 GHz. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 53–56, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10822 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a summary of related literature on the compounds found in wine that are able to provide cardiovascular protection. Development of cardiovascular disease; Phenolic compounds; Salicylic acid.

Presents a study which clarified the effects of background television at the stage of reading comprehension/encoding versus the stage of memory retrieval. Capacity interference during reading; Structural interference from background television; Discussion.

A design methodology to optimise the ratio of maximum oscillation frequency to cutoff frequency, fMAX/fT, in 60 nm FinFETs is presented. Results show that 25 to 60% improvement in fMAX/fT at drain currents of 20–300 µA/µm can be achieved in a non-overlap gate-source/drain architecture. The reported work provides new insights into the design and optimisation of nanoscale FinFETs for RF applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The definitive diagnostic biopsy for chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) is the colon itself. Simultaneous colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) means that the colon only becomes available for pathological assessment intra-operatively. We examined the role of intra-operative pathological assessment including frozen section in distinguishing between CUC and Crohn's colitis, inpatients undergoing simultaneous colectomy and IPAA. Method Prospective study of 13 patients undergoing simultaneous colectomy and IPAA between Jan 1992 and April 1999. Resected colon was sent for pathological assessment intra-operatively in all 13 patients. Comparison was made between final histology and frozen section. Patient outcome and pouch function was recorded prospectively. Results Thirteen patients, M:F 5:8, mean age 41 years (range 20–56). Intra-operative pathological assessment including frozen section diagnosed CUC in nine patients, Crohn's disease in two patients and indeterminate colitis in two patients. The two Crohn's patients had subtotal colectomy and ileostomy. The nine CUC patients and two indeterminate colitis patients underwent IPAA. There was complete agreement between intra-operative assessment including frozen section and the final histopathology. At a median follow up of 31 months (8–58 months) all pouches were intact with good function. There has been no evidence of Crohn's disease on subsequent pouchoscopy and pouch biopsy. Conclusions Pathological assessment, including frozen section of the colon, intra-operatively is a useful adjunct to surgical decision making in those patients undergoing simultaneous colectomy and IPAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the diagnosed malignant melanoma of the uterus at hysteroscopy. The tumor spreads from one part of the body to another from an injured or wounded skin. The development of this cutaneous maliganant melanoma is more on fair skinned societies. The early detection and treatment of this disease which can prolong the survival of an individual is suggested.

The article presents an overview of the life and works of orthopedist Gordon W.D. Armstrong, who recently received the lifetime achievement award in 2004. Also, it briefly describes his educational career and how he started his career as a orthopedist. Armstrong, throughout his career, was influenced by surgeon Edward Simmon's meticulous surgical techniques and outstanding organizational abilities. Also, Armstrong's surgical skills were considered legendary as he treated his patients with the utmost respect and dignity.

An abstract of and comment on the article "Suppression of Spreading Depression-Like Events in Locusts By Inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway," by G. Armstrong and colleagues is presented.

The article discusses a case that offers an explanation as Laparoscopy demonstrated advanced endometriosis with involvement of both uterosacral ligaments and ovaries, obliteration of the pouch of Douglas, dense adhesions of both ovaries and fallopian tubes to peritoneal surfaces and extensive neovascularisation of the uterus and peritoneal surfaces. Immunohistochemistry with S-100, a monoclonal antibody used to demonstrate nerves, showed widespread nerve fibre proliferation in the uterus, cervix and uterosacral ligaments. The striking observation was of extensive perivascular nerve fibre proliferation around both arteries and veins that was prominent throughout the uterine isthmus.

This article discusses various issues related to cervical nerve fibre proliferation and genital prolapse, and presents a clinical study in this regard. A woman aged 40 years presented with symptoms of variable, painful periods, deep dyspareunia and genital prolapse. Specifically she reported that "her insides were falling out" and that "sexual intercourse felt as though she was in labor." These symptoms may be associated with cervical pathology since the cervix contains nerves that may be associated with the initiation of labor and some aspects of the sensory aspect of the sexual response.

The article presents information on the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the U.S. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey revealed that 3.9 million people are tested positive for antibody to HCV. A study conducted showed that anti-HCV prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women. It was found that blood transfusion before 1992 was not significantly associated with anti-HCV. The occurrence of anti-HCV was 48.4 percent in adults who had ever injected illicit drugs.