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Cancer therapy-related thrombopenia, which is called "medicinal poison purpura" in traditional Chinese medicine, is a common hematologic adverse reaction during oncology treatment that is difficult to treat due to the differences in oncology treatments and the complexity of the pathogenesis, resulting in various degrees of thrombocytopenia. Based on the theory that " spleen controlling blood", this paper believes that "medicinal poison purpura" is mainly caused by direct damage to the blood and qi by medicinal poison, leading to qi and blood deficiency; it also attacks the spleen and stomach, resulting in the deficiency of spleen qi and no source of qi and blood production. Due to the spleen deficiency, there is no essence to nourish kidney and bone marrow; their function of generating blood decreases, eventually it becomes " medicinal poison purpura". The theory of "regulating balance and flat regulation" is an important academic idea of our team in the treatment of malignant hematological tumors. In this paper, we have systematically elaborated on the etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic principles of the treatment of cancer therapy-related thrombopenia with spleen deficiency pattern through the collation of relevant literature. We believe that the prescription formulated according to the method of invigorating spleen and benefiting qi and controlling blood for the treatment of cancer therapy-associated thrombocytopenia with spleen deficiency pattern is in line with the principle of correspondence between prescription and syndrome, and correspondence between drugs and syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, which is theoretically feasible and has a high clinical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal metastatic carcinoma refers to the spread of malignant tumors from the primary site to the peritoneum. It is commonly observed in the advanced stages of various cancer types, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Peritoneal metastatic carcinoma seriously impair human health due to their high recurrence and mortality rates, and palliative treatment based on chemotherapy is usually provided after radical surgery or in the advanced stage of peritoneal metastases. The difficulties in the treatment of peritoneal metastatic carcinoma are the lack of targeted drugs and the difficulty of drugs to cross the blood-peritoneal barrier, resulting in poor systemic effects. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy, as an important therapeutic means, has a broad application prospect in the treatment of peritoneal metastatic carcinoma. In recent years, innovations in intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) and the development of novel drugs have significantly improved patients' quality of life. The development of novel drugs has significantly improved patient survival. However, the diversity and complexity of these diseases have led to clinical variability and uncertainty in the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in terms of treatment strategies such as mode of administration, drug type and dose. Although evidence-based guidelines and recommended treatment strategies have been developed, there is a need to further support these regimens through additional clinical trials and higher levels of evidence-based medicine. This review summarized the development history and recent advances in intraperitoneal chemotherapy, compared and analyzed the treatments such as surgery combined with traditional IPC, HIPEC and PIPAC, and summarized the research progress of recently conducted intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques; moreover, in terms of the clinical application of intraperitoneal chemotherapy techniques, this paper elaborated on its use in diseases such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, gynecological oncology, PMP, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer. For the limitations of intraperitoneal chemotherapy technology, it is proposed that the innovative development of nanomedicine is expected to provide a safer and more effective option for the treatment of peritoneal metastatic carcinoma. In conclusion, this review summarized the latest progress, shortcomings and future development of intraperitoneal chemotherapy, with the aim of providing a feasible direction for more effective clinical treatment of peritoneal metastatic carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correspondence between prescription and syndrome is the advantage and characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. However, the pathogenesis of clinical diseases is complex and the condition is changeable, and the clinical application is difficult to achieve the maximum effect under the existing cognition of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome. In this paper, the five categories of physiological characteristics, pathological characteristics, constitution, syndrome, and disease of the longitudinal classification of "TCM state" are introduced into the correspondence of prescription and syndrome. Under the vertical perspective of "TCM state", the theoretical connotation of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome is interpreted as "correspondence between prescription and state", namely correspondence of "prescription-physiological characteristics", correspondence of "prescription-pathological characteristics", correspondence of "prescription-constitution", correspondence of "prescription-syndrome", and correspondence of "prescription-disease". It is hoped to accurately grasp the corresponding connotation of the correspondence between prescription and syndrome, in order to deepen the clinical thinking mode of TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By consulting the ancient Chinese medicine classics and analyzing the theoretical connotation of “strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi”, this paper explores the similarities and differences between “strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi” in the treatment of malignant tumors. “Strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” and “removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi” are both based on “vital qi” and “ toxin”, which are the two bases of tumor growth and prognosis. “ Strengthening vital qi and removing toxicity” emphasizes strengthening vital qi, correcting deviation, and dispersing toxin, and takes “strengthening vital qi” as the priority. The specific method include nourishing yin and warming yang, regulating qi and dispersing depression, and invigorating the spleen and kidney. “ Removing toxicity and recuperating vital qi ” pays attention to removing toxicity, eliminating pathogens, and recuperating health, with the key objective being “ removing toxicity”. The specific method include attacking excessive pathogens, finding the cause and removing toxicity, and using toxic medicines to enhance the effects on tumors. Through the application of clinical events, this paper demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the two methods, providing new ideas for clinical tumor treatment, which is of great guiding significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huobahuagen tablet is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation made from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Kunming Shanhaitang. Clinical application proves that it has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Huobahuagen tablet has the advantages of less adverse reactions and higher efficiency on the basis of hormone-like effects, which is mainly used in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. However, in recent years, literature have shown that the drug can also be applied to kidney disease, and achieved significant clinical efficacy. In this paper, the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, such as dampness, heat and stasis are discussed. Combined with clinical application and literature reports in the past two decades, the clinical application progress of Huobahuagen tablet in the treatment of chronic kidney disease is reviewed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-invasive laser irradiation can induce photobiomodulation of cells and tissues. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is widely used, especially in antimicrobial infection and improving inflammation. However, studies have found that PBM has a bidirectional regulation of bacteria and inflammation. Antibacterial and pro-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory will change under different experimental conditions. In recent years, the clinical applications of PBM have received more and more attentions, especially in the field of antibacterial, because it is a noninvasive strategy with few contraindications. However, due to the bidirectional regulatory effect, researchers still have doubts about the application mode of PBM, and the parameters such as light wavelength and dose must be modified according to its clinical application. Therefore, this paper summarizes the bidirectional regulation effects of PBM on bacteria, and analyzes the influencing factors and molecular mechanism of this bidirectional regulation effect. The bidirectional regulation effect of PBM on bacteria is affected by light wavelength, dose, bacterial category and bacterial state. A better understanding of the degree of bidirectional dose-response in low-intensity laser therapy is necessary to optimize clinical treatment. It can also help explore the most reliable mechanism of PBM use and ultimately standardize the treatment of patients with various diseases. In addition, rational use of the bidirectional regulation mechanism of PBM can promote or inhibit the growth of bacteria, which has broad application prospects in the fields of microbial manufacturing, flora regulation, improvement and treatment of diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinal cord injury can lead to severe sensory and motor dysfunction of limbs below the injury plane, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. At present, the rehabilitation treatment methods for spinal cord injury are limited and the curative effect is not good. In order to seek a better treatment plan, some studies have tried to apply brain‐computer interface technology to the rehabilitation treatment of spinal cord injury and made certain progress. A review published in 2020 provides a systematic overview of the field, but less on the latest theories, techniques, and materials. On this basis, this paper adds an overview of the latest research progress of BCI technology, in order to let readers know the latest research trends in this field. In addition, the clinical application and challenges of this technology are briefly described, and a new prospect for the research and development of this field is further proposed to provide some reference and theoretical support for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the current skin cancer diagnostic models cannot meet the requirements of clinical applications, and the diagnostic accuracy is not high for a few categories. To slove this problem, this paper proposed a SC-Net model based on transfer learing and data augmentation. Firstly, using the ECA attention module to fine tune the pre-training model of DenseNet-201 on the skin cancer dataset, and extract the implicit high-level features of the images. Then, joining the general statistical features, and using SMOTE oversampling technology to balance a few categories of data. Finally, putting the data into XGBoost model for training to obtain the final SC-Net classification model. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of SC-Net model reach 99.25%, 99.25% and 99.88%, which is about 0.6% ～ 18.7% higher than the existing models. The proposed model has stronger classification ability for a few categories such as Dermato fibroma and Actinic keratoses and intraepithelial carcinoma. The performance of the current skin cancer diagnostic models cannot meet the requirements of clinical applications, and the diagnostic accuracy is not high for a few categories. To slove this problem, this paper proposed a SC-Net model based on transfer learing and data augmentation. Firstly, using the ECA attention module to fine tune the pre-training model of DenseNet-201 on the skin cancer dataset, and extract the implicit high-level features of the images. Then, joining the general statistical features, and using SMOTE oversampling technology to balance a few categories of data. Finally, putting the data into XGBoost model for training to obtain the final SC-Net classification model. The experimental results show that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of SC-Net model reach 99.25%, 99.25% and 99.88%, which is about 0.6% ～ 18.7% higher than the existing models. The proposed model has stronger classification ability for a few categories such as Dermato fibroma and Actinic keratoses and intraepithelial carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-expression automatic analysis method is one of the research directions of computer vision. Micro-expression analysis technology has important research and application value in criminal investigation, clinical medicine, business negotiation, public security and other scenarios. In order to sort out the research status and development direction in the field of automatic micro-expression analysis, this paper sorted out the commonly used micro-expression datasets and data preprocessing methods. Based on micro-expression features, various algorithms, this paper comprehensively sorted and compared experimental methods and verification indicators for micro-expression spotting and recognition tasks. It can help researchers more quickly and comprehensively understand the current research status, existing problems and future development directions in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy of radioactive rays kills various kinds of tumor cells, which makes radiotherapy one of the most important treatments for malignant tumors. In this paper, we present a study on the "herbalization" of radioactive rays so as to promote the application and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the use of radiotherapy, and to improve its effects and reduce its side effects. According to the theory of TCM, radioactive rays are hot in property, acrid, bitter and salty in flavor, and toxic. Radioactive rays' channel tropism are spleen, stomach, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, kidney and bladder channels. As radioactive rays are effective at breaking blood stasis, resolving mass, and eliminating toxins to inhibit cancer, they are mainly applied to treat a variety of malignant tumors. In addition, the application, the usage and dosage, and the matters need attention are explained in order to provide guidance for the clinical application of radiation from the perspective of TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oseltamivir phosphate is an effective anti-influenza drug. In this paper, the synthetic history, mechanism, and clinical application of oseltamivir phosphate are briefly described based on anthropomorphic techniques and easily understandable medical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of visceral manifestation in traditional Chinese medicine, this paper explains the correlation between the theory of “ the kidney rules bone, generates marrow, and marrow generates blood” in Huangdi Neijing; discusses the pathological relationship with various types of anemia in western medicine; and reviews the origin of the theoretical system of kidney-nourishing therapy in treating anemia, as well as the views and recognition of many famous veteran doctors of traditional Chinese medicine on kidney-nourishing therapy in treating aplastic anemia and other diseases. At the same time, based on the theory of corresponding among prescriptions, syndromes and medicines, and taking the typical Chinese patent medicine Yixuesheng Capsule, which is used to treat aplastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia with kidney-nourishing therapy, as an example, the composition of the prescription is analyzed according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and its modern fundamental research and clinical application effects are summarized. According to the collation and analysis of relevant literature on Yixuesheng Capsule, it is shown that Yixuesheng Capsule has a good effect in treating anemia with few adverse reactions, and it has a good clinical application value, which further proves the scientific and practical nature of the theory of kidney rules bone, generates marrow, and marrow generates blood, and can provide important background information for guiding the clinical treatment of various forms of anemia, such as aplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and pregnancy anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision medicine refers to implement “tailored” health care and clinical decision-making based on the patient’s intrinsic biological information and clinical signs. Major breakthroughs have been made not only in targeted therapy of gastric cancer and in the analysis and identification of biological markers, but also in the development of minimally invasive and precise surgery. Traditional Chinese medicine is a system that is characterized by a high degree of “individualized medicine”, where attention is paid to the influence of various factors such as constitution, environment, and lifestyle on individual differences. “Inflammation cancer transformation” of chronic gastritis is a complex process that encompasses the digestology and oncology, involving a dynamic evolution that spans multiple pathological stages. Guided by the ideology of “preventive treatment”, Chinese medicine pays special attention to the precise prevention and treatment across the whole process and all factors involved in “inflammation cancer transformation” of chronic gastritis. The ultimate aim is to provide (i) targeted and precise management for different pathological stages, different syndrome characteristics, and different population characteristics; and (ii) active intervention based on “principle, methodology, formula, medication” at each pathological stage, so as to block disease progression and reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. This paper discusses the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in precision medicine, from the perspective of accuracy in theory, prevention, differentiation, and treatment, in order to provide a reference for delaying, blocking, or even reversing the process of “inflammatory cancer transformation” of chronic gastritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information on the application for special populations in Chinese patent medicine (CPM) instructions provides a direct reference for the clinical implementation of pharmaceutical care for special populations. This paper was inspired by the Technical Specifications for Revision of Safety Information in Marketed Chinese Patent Medicine Instructions -Application for Special Populations (T/ CACM 1370. 5- 2021), an association standard released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine. The ideas for improving the instructions were put forward, aiming at the major problems in the application for special populations in CPM instructions, including missing or incomplete information, ambiguous definitions, and limited implications. In the light of physiological and pathological characteristics and the properties of drugs in special populations, the strategies for clinical pharmaceutical care of special populations were proposed. The principle of “targeted information, subdivided content, and personalized service” should be followed to implement special population-based pharmaceutical care, including the introduction of pharmaceutical characteristics, risk assessment, medication formulation or reconciliation, pharmaceutical monitoring and medication education, which will promote rational use of medications and reduce medication risks in special populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “contraindication” section in the instructions of Chinese patent medicine is crucial in guiding pharmaceutical care and rational clinical use of medicines. This paper was derived from Technical Specification for Revision of Safety Information of Listed Proprietary Chinese patent medicines (T/ CACM 1370. 3-2021). After systematically combing the contents of “contraindications” in the instructions of Chinese patent medicine, we found that there are problems such as lack of information, unclear scope, and inconsistent expressions of the same varieties. We then advised on how to improve “ contraindications” in the instructions of Chinese patent medicine based on expert interview, demonstration and analysis, on the basis of which we explored the strategies for improving clinical pharmaceutical services. The strategies are based on the principle of combining tradition and modernity, and include the discovery, avoidance, and application of contraindications with doctors, pharmacists, patients and their families, and pharmaceutical marketing authorization holders as the main subjects to guide and improve the development of pharmaceutical care. The improved pharmaceutical care strategy based on the “contraindication” in the instructions of Chinese patent medicine embodies inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicine use in the actual clinical use, and promotes the rational clinical medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section of “adverse drug reactions” in Chinese patent medicine instructions contains the critical information of the potential risk of Chinese patent medicine, which can provide strong guidance for safe and rational application of Chinese patent medicine. This paper is derived from the Technical Specifications for Revising Safe Information Items in the Marketed Chinese Patent Medicine Instructions - Adverse Drug Reaction (T/ CACM 1370. 2-2021)of China Association of Chinese Medicine. The section of “adverse drug reactions” can be improved by expanding the information source of adverse reactions of Chinese patent medicine, following up the information of adverse reactions and standardizing the writing form in view of lack of content, untimely updates and vague statements. The pharmaceutical care of Chinese patent medicine should follow the principles of “theoretical guidance of traditional Chinese medicine” and “rational drug use”, which refers to a pharmaceutical care path focusing on the prevention of adverse reactions, and carrying out risk monitoring, assessment, prevention, and treatment with Chinese patent medicine. The improvement of the section of the “adverse drug reactions” in Chinese patent medicine instructions and the strategics of providing clinical pharmaceutical care is conducive to the clinical use of Chinese patent medicine and thus improves the safety of Chinese patent medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the left ventricle pressure waveform（LVPW）estimation is based on the model with numerous patient specific parameters, there is a great need to reduce the computation cost. A parameter subset selection strategy based on sensitivity analysis is proposed to solve these problems. LVPW features are chosen as outputs of a systemic circulation model. The meta model is created by adaptive sparse polynomial chaos expansion algorithm, and then Sobol sensitivity index is computed. Finally, the parameters which have large impact on LVPW features are selected as parameter subset. The parameter subset selection proposed in this paper can provide help for applying model to patient specific situations in clinical applications. Meantime, the results indicate that the reducing size of parameter subset can decrease the complex computation of parameter optimization significantly. Furthermore, LVPW estimation based on the proposed method has high correlation with that based on full model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The spleen storing yi (overall mental activities) and governing si (thoughts)" is one of the theoretical guiding ideologies in TCM treatment of emotional diseases. Although there is a wealth of clinical experience to support its feasibility, its connotation is still ambiguous with a lacking in objective indicators, resulting in difficulty in wide clinical application. In this paper, by comparing this theory with corresponding knowledge in modern emotional psychology, the commonality and individuality are compared. Based on that, the theory is further interpreted from the three levels of cognition, physiology and expression. Then combined with modern immune cytokine theory, the relationship between emotion and spleen is analyzed, and it's found that emotion is closely related to the spleen with bidirectional adjustment. By adopting such a thinking mode to combine the spleen and emotion, a better clinical efficacy may be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posaconazole， as the second generation of triazole antifungal drugs， has a wide antifungal spectrum and strong antibacterial activity. It is widely used in clinical practice. However， it has been eight years since its publication before it is approved in China. In order to better understand posaconazole， a first-line drug with great clinical demand， this paper summarizes the pharmacokinetics， pharmacological properties， clinical application and synthetic route of posaconazole in the literature at home and abroad. It is hoped that it can fill the gap in the domestic API market， break the current situation that the API is completely dependent on import， and provide a useful reference for the industrial R ＆ D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical abuse of antibiotics in pets and unreasonable addition of antibiotics in diets will lead to drug resistance in pets, damage the structure of intestinal flora, and reduce body's immunity. Probiotics are a class of living organisms that colonize animals, which have functions of regulating intestinal health, improving body immunity, improving growth performance of young pets, enhancing the antioxidant capacity of body, and so on. The paper reviews the application status and research progress of pet probiotics, in order to provide evidence for clinical application of probiotics in pets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: How to obtain sufficient quantity and quality of hepatocytes in vitro is the core problem to be solved urgently in the clinical application of bioartificial liver. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the main research contents of the in vitro 3D large-scale expansion culture system of hepatocytes, summarize the current main sources of seed cells, 3D culture methods, bioreactor system, and the progress and limitations of real-time online monitoring of key indicators of the culture process, and prospects for the further development of automated and intelligent bioreactor systems. METHODS: The first author searched the Web of Science core database, ScienceDirect, EI, PubMed, and CNKI databases. The English and Chinese search terms were “hepatocyte, 3D culture, proliferate, bioreactor system, monitor and control”. The literature search time range was from January 2005 to March 2021. The types of articles included original research works, reviews and meta-analysis. Totally, 93 papers were selected for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Researches on liver seed cell sources, 3D culture methods, bioreactor system construction, and real-time online monitoring methods for key biochemical indicators have all made progress, laying a solid foundation for the further construction of a large-scale in vitro 3D hepatocyte culture system. (2) Human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, immortalized hepatocytes, stem cell differentiation and other hepatocytes can be cultured and proliferated in vitro and express liver function. Among them, hepatocyte-like cells obtained from stem cell differentiation and direct reprogramming have cells similar to mature liver cells morphology, function, and gene expression profile will have greater application prospects in the future. (3) 3D suspension culture has excellent performance in terms of culture density and mass transfer efficiency, and has the advantages of easy amplification, convenient inoculation, and convenient access. It is the main development direction of in vitro 3D culture of hepatocytes. (4) Although the existing bioreactor system can realize in vitro culture and expansion of hepatocytes, it has a low degree of automation and lacks a real-time online detection method for key biochemical indicators. In addition, the current degree of mutual integration of these several aspects of research also restricts the progress of the in vitro 3D large-scale culture system of hepatocytes. (5) The future research is to combine the growth characteristics of liver seed cells from different sources, select suitable culture methods, and establish a real-time online monitoring method for key parameters during the culture process, so as to construct a highly automated and intelligent bioreactor system to achieve in vitro scale of liver cells large-scale preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xuanfu was first mentioned in the Huangdi Neijing. Later physicians also published many discussions of Xuanfu, but their opinions were conflicting. Among these physicians, Liu Wansu provided the most detailed discussion about this theory. He claimed that "Everything has Xuanfu," which expanded the scope of Xuanfu. Opening and closing in order is the physiological normal state of Xuanfu, and closed stagnation is the pathological state of Xuanfu. Liu Wansu proposed that yang-heat depression is the basic pathogenesis of Xuanfu disease, and Xuanfu closure is a complex pathological result of yang-heat generating inner stagnation. Liu Wansu believed that the basic method of opening Xuanfu is to use clearing, diffusion, and purgation together, and he created Fangfeng Tongsheng San. The three methods of clearing, diffusion, and purgation are used together to open the Xuanfu, that is, using cold medicine to clear away heat, and dispelling stagnation with pungent and bitter cold medicines; clearing heat is the main method, and diffusion and purgation serve as auxiliary methods. Combined with the medical records of reputable doctors in various specializations including internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology, this paper roughly analyzes the basic concept of using Fangfeng Tongsheng San's three method of clearing, diffusion, and purgation and discusses their applications in various clinical departments, aiming to provide a reference and inspiration for the clinical application of Fangfeng Tongsheng San. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triptolide has a variety of pharmacological activities, however, its clinical use is restricted due to its poor water solubility and high toxicity. Modified chemical restructure and nano-formulation of triptolide is an effective way to improve its bio availability and reduce toxicity. Nano drug delivery systems could improve water solubility of drugs increase efficacy 9 reduce toxic side effects and directly act upon target sites. Nano-formulations of triptolide and its derivatives could obviously increase its clinical application value. This paper is a comprehensive review of the recent research progress in triptolide and the nano - formulations of its derivatives, which could provide solid theoretical evidence for further research and wide application of nano - formulations of triptolide and its derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laboratory is the base of knowledge innovation and talent cultivation, and the opening of human anatomy laboratory is the need of medical development, which provides clinical workers with the opportunity of relearning, and plays a positive role in improving the level of clinical medical diagnosis and treatment and the development of anatomy. This paper introduces the conditions of human anatomy laboratory in authors’ school, such as open field, specimen and instructor. But the laboratory management system is not sound, i. e., backward reservation opening laboratory, missing of laboratory open workload calculation, the lack of the open laboratory of special funds and other problems. Thus, the paper puts forward to build a new system of laboratory opening to the outside world, to set up open booking platform, workload and reward system of the laboratory, the laboratory funding sources, so as to establish a high efficient and comprehensive opening laboratory system. These may provide references for the common development of medicine and clinical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The undergraduate tutorial system first originated from Oxford University in England, and then was introduced to the teaching system of New China, showing great achievement to a certain extent. However, its executive effect at home is general for a majority of institutions of higher education, and the form seems to be greater than the meaning. Starting from the core idea of the undergraduate tutorial system, this paper investigates the reasons why the system failed to function well in the domestic educational settings, analyzes its unique advantages in the higher education of clinical medicine, and also evaluates its application prospect in the professional training of cardiovascular medicine and electrocardiology specialty combining its particularity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the sequencing technology has been innovated following the breakthrough of the engineering material bottleneck. The high-throughput gene-sequencing technology matured gradually made the transformation from routine and basic research laboratory to clinical practice, because the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology met the needs of individual diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the developing progress of NGS technology, and operational process, were introduced. Those mainstream products in the international market at present were also introduced. The Ion Torrent sequencing platform of Life Tech Company was introduced in detail, including its basic principle, laboratory protocol, coefficient of performance and clinical application. This paper also provided some examples to show the specific significance in clinical application and potential insufficient of NGS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To understand the situation of curriculum construction of clinical medicine specialty and summarize the results of the education in college clinical medical specialty, and find the existing problems in specialty construction. Thus put forward some improvement suggestions for the reform of college clinical medicine specialty education. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 306 clinical medical college graduates of 2013(Fresh graduates) and 333 college graduates of 2011 and 2012(Previous graduates). The main investigation content included the curriculum content, curriculum resources and curriculum evaluation. Results: The clinical medical graduates on college level who thought that the design of the professional core curriculum knowledge and skills were reasonable and gave the evaluation a high recognition. The recognition degree of fresh graduates was higher than previous graduates.They got a satisfied evaluation on professional paper books, printed journals and other curriculum resources. They also thought that professional class curriculum, teaching video curriculum resources need to be further improved. The graduates had a high recognition degree on professional knowledge examination. And the fresh graduates recognized better than previous ones. Conclusions: The effect of curriculum construction on college clinical medicine specialty is good. Especially the arrangement of course content and curriculum evaluation are very reasonable. But we must focus on strengthening the professional skills training and the construction of curriculum resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered an important influential factor for postoperative recurrence and prognosis of hepato-cellular carcinoma ( HCC). Little attention has been given to the treatment targeting MVI, and the preoperative identification of MVI remains an unsolved challenge. This paper reviews the research progress in related clinical factors and molecular biomarkers for MVI in HCC and summarizes the confirmed factors closely associated with MVI, such as tumor size, tumor number, tumor differentiation, des - γ - carboxy prothrombin, and alpha - fetal protein. Seeking a new specific serum marker for MVI is stiil the research orientation in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]