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Survey research is applied very often in higher education aimed at students and teachers opinion about quality of education, management of university and evaluation of classes level. This research is done by using paper or electronic questionnaires. The paper surveys take much time and work to be prepared, performed and the results to be analyzed. On the other side, the electronic surveys need using the specialized software and the services of IT specialists. The modern Internet technology has been proposed by the author to be used for effective preparation, conducting and results analysis of surveys. The results of implementation of the proposed technology in Ternopil National Economic University pilot survey among the students of 1-2 years of study have been presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the investigation of the state and development trends of exchange trading at the current stage. The main aspects characterizing the stock and commodity stock markets in our country and the world have been analyzed. The authors emphasized the concentration of exchange trading in Ukraine on several licensed exchanges, which resulted in a significant increase in the regulated market. The main groups of goods that prevail on the commodity and stock markets of Ukraine are singled out. It was established that the predominant share of trading volume of financial instruments, which was carried out by operators of organized capital markets in Ukraine in 2021, fell on debt securities, and the total trading volume of shares was insignificant. Emphasis is placed on the determining influence of globalization processes on the exchange market development. It is noted that the financial market occupies a dominant place with a share of about 80% of the total exchange turnover in the total world stock exchange trade. Significant revitalization and development of electronic stock trading and constant improvement of stock trading technologies on an innovative basis have been noted. The paper provides an assessment of the current state of development of international exchange trading. An increase in market capitalization, a trend toward growth in the number of concluded contracts in general and for certain types of exchange contracts on commodity and stock exchanges have been noted. The main factors affecting the current state of stock trading development in the world have been systematized. They include market globalization, the development of the latest information technologies, the strengthening of the influence of global financial market participants, the diversification of existing and the emergence of new financial instruments, the unification of regulations for the stock markets, regional structural changes in the activity of the world stock market with increased concentration of stock trading in the Asia-Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, based on the primary analysis, revealed high cost and low efficiency and contradictions in the functioning of the anti-aircraft, especially anti-missile defence of Ukraine during hostilities. It is suggested to clarify the terminological apparatus in this specific sphere of defence activity of society. The problem is considered both in the global and international, as well as regional, branch military conditions of the functioning of the voluntary association of territorial communities of Ukraine, territorial defence, etc. It is noted that air defence is carried out by air defence troops of land units and fighter aircraft in cooperation with air defence troops of the country, and in the case of hostilities in the area of the sea coast - with air defence units of the navy. It is established that most Western and European Commonwealth armed combine air defence exclusively with conventional forces (i.e., army, navy and air force), as a separate wing, or as part of the artillery. It is assumed that from a practical point of view, Ukraine may need ground air defence more than aviation. In the paper the interrelationships of the development of the air defence system within the framework of the development of the European Commonwealth in the interstate context are revealed. On this basis, the trends of this process are established and offered to use of modern economic European approaches to the organization of antimissile defence on the latest economic and environmental principles and the implementation of reforms in Ukraine in accordance with the modern requirements of European standards. The progressive experience of anti-aircraft protection of the population, the peculiarities of the operation of the "Iron Dome" and the issues of defence of the state maritime zone, for which the "M-dome" is used, are described. The economic characteristics of air defence with the use of anti-missile installations are given. It was emphasized that, like any other weapon, "Iron Dome" should not be considered as a separate unit, because all military equipment and weapons work in a single system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper is devoted to investigation of actual and practical problems of entrepreneurship motivation. These sense of entrepreneurship is decided; entrepreneurship features and motivation factors that influence its development are defined; analyze is of the business activities main reasons are presented; the entrepreneur ship motivation structure is shown; basic types of entrepreneurship motivation and dynamics of motivation in the development of business activity are analyzed; relationship between business and personal successes presented. The authors note that when studying the motivation of entrepreneurial activity, it is important to apply a content-hierarchical approach, which allowed to explore the hierarchy of motives and, revealing the structural links between motives, to identify the structure of motivation. It is substantiated that the direct motives of entrepreneurial activity include: motives of commercial success; motives of freedom and independence; motives of initiative and activity; motives for innovation and risk. In particular, the indirect motives of entrepreneurial activity include: motives of self-realization; motives of respect and self-esteem; motives of social contacts and group affiliation; motives of compulsion. At the meso level of the analysis the organizational factors of motivation of business activity are allocated: sphere of business activity; experience of the entrepreneur; number of employees of a private enterprise; organization structure; organizational culture; labor and social relations, etc. Socio-demographic and personal factors of motivation of entrepreneurial activity are determined at the micro level. Socio-demographic factors include: age of the entrepreneur, gender of the entrepreneur, marital status, education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proves that in developing a cost management system for socially responsible activities it is necessary to give a key role to the quality of information received, the speed of its formation and transmission, as it is the basis for decision-making. Information in the management system is cyclical and its main source is accounting and information support in the form of accounting documents. It is proved that the implementation of socially responsible activities depends on the costs incurred, which focuses on their sources, so management decisions will be based on the indicators of the social budgeting system. In this regard, the main task of social controlling is to determine the direction of socially responsible activities that will positively affect the strategic development of the enterprise, and the choice of strategy will be based on the principle of "different opportunities for certain needs for a certain amount of resources." The use of a controlling system will facilitate a more efficient allocation of resources, taking into account the specifics of such activities, as well as allow decisions to be made by units that are directly related to these activities. The effectiveness of the process of integrating social responsibility into the system of strategic management increases significantly with the construction of a balanced scorecard, which allows to interpret the chosen strategy into specific recommendations by building a logical chain: "goals - indicators - tasks - initiatives". maps (construction of a tree of strategic goals of social responsibility of the enterprise), accounting maps (definition of key indicators of social responsibility of the enterprise), maps of tasks and actions (substantiation of the process of implementation of actions: "tasks - strategic initiatives"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proves that in developing a cost management system for socially responsible activities it is necessary to give a key role to the quality of information received, the speed of its formation and transmission, as it is the basis for decision-making. Information in the management system is cyclical and its main source is accounting and information support in the form of accounting documents. It is proved that the implementation of socially responsible activities depends on the costs incurred, which focuses on their sources, so management decisions will be based on the indicators of the social budgeting system. In this regard, the main task of social controlling is to determine the direction of socially responsible activities that will positively affect the strategic development of the enterprise, and the choice of strategy will be based on the principle of "different opportunities for certain needs for a certain amount of resources." The use of a controlling system will facilitate a more efficient allocation of resources, taking into account the specifics of such activities, as well as allow decisions to be made by units that are directly related to these activities. The effectiveness of the process of integrating social responsibility into the system of strategic management increases significantly with the construction of a balanced scorecard, which allows to interpret the chosen strategy into specific recommendations by building a logical chain: "goals - indicators - tasks - initiatives". maps (construction of a tree of strategic goals of social responsibility of the enterprise), accounting maps (definition of key indicators of social responsibility of the enterprise), maps of tasks and actions (substantiation of the process of implementation of actions: "tasks - strategic initiatives"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of organization of natural resources management on a global scale are revealed in the article. It is established that in a billion years the atmosphere of our planet will undergo drastic changes and lose all its oxygen, rejecting life to the oldest anaerobic forms. The modelling has shown that the drop in oxygen content can be extremely sharp, to a level millions of times less than the current. The causes of fires and other natural disasters in the planetary dimension have been identified. There were considered the means of counteracting global fires. Their catastrophic consequences and possible consequent development from this -- oxygen problems -- have been predicted. The causes of this phenomenon have been identified, including the irresponsible attitude of the competent regional, interstate and state institutions to these problems, and their primary classification has been made. The place and role of state and international governing bodies in these processes are determined. The organization of preventive measures in this area on the basis of effective use of management and its humanitarian tools is offered. In the paper were named the imperfections in the actions of state regulatory authorities and the reasons for the science passivity. The views of well-known scientists and people who impartially assess the situation are highlighted. The study confirmed that, regardless of the source, natural disasters are characterized by significant scale and duration. Some of them pose a threat to humanity on a global scale. Due to these circumstances, there is an urgent need to study the prerequisites for improving the rationality and efficiency of global nature management by creating intergovernmental structures in this area. There have been substantiated the necessity of formation of interstate administrative structures, which would promote rational resource use and healthy natural reproduction of all life-supporting components, incl. oxygen and life-giving air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of the marketing department and its main divisions results evaluation as well as their necessity are discussed in the article. The organizational, methodical and stimulating aspects of this issue are highlighted. The essence of the organizational aspect of the performance results evaluation which consists of a certain hierarchy of its implementation is stated. It is emphasized that the evaluation of the lower-level units' performance is carried out by a higher governing body. Attention is paid to the frequency of the marketing department performance evaluation. It is indicated that the methodological aspect is the most difficult among the others in the process of evaluation. Its constituents such as substantiation of the choice of evaluation indicators and their criteria for the marketing department as a whole and its sub-divisions are also emphasized. Indicators for evaluating the marketing department and its sub-divisions performance are proposed. It is concluded that they should include two groups. The need to use an evaluation criterion, without which it is impossible to objectively evaluate the marketing department performance, is emphasized. An original definition of its essence is proposed. The use of the generalizing coefficient in the final evaluation of the performance results is substantiated. The spheres of the evaluation of the marketing department performance results are specified. It is emphasized that they become the basis for finding marketing reserves, material benefits for employees and solving personnel issues. An important role in the increase of the marketing department performance efficiency belongs to material motivation. It is noted in the paper that only a properly constructed system of material motivation contributes to the opportunity to optimize the performance of the sales team, aligning it with the company's goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important part of the national economic security of an individual, family, social groups, nations, peoples, cities, regions, the entire state have always been problems of food security. This problem is exacerbated by the country's significant food dependence on food, which leads to such negative macro-economic consequences as "leaching" of foreign exchange reserves, growth of external debt, export of scarce raw materials and non-renewable energy and other mineral resources. Food security is an important component of national security as a whole and is not limited to the "spatial" framework of economic security of the state or countries. The aim of the paper is to summarize the definition of food security, to ascertain the genesis of the concept and to form own opinion on it. During the research, a terminological principle was applied, which envisaged the study of the history of terms and their notions, the development or refinement of the content and scope, the establishment of relationships and subordination, their place in the conceptual apparatus of the theory on which the research is based. Methods of terminological analysis and operationalization of concepts help to solve this problem. As a result of the study, it is formulated a definition of food security, which emphasized that high-quality, environmentally friendly and energy-efficient food should be accessible physically and economically to all segments of the population, regardless of income, public or private sector economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of scientific views concerning the formation of the Internet economy in the context of information society theory transformation into a network society theory is revealed in the paper. A critical analysis of the approaches of Japanese scholars to the theory of the information society is made, the specifics and impact of rapid computerization on the formation of their views are determined. It is emphasized on the leading role of F. Mahlup in the development of the concept “knowledge industry”, D. Bell in the development of ideas of “postindustrial society”, M. Porat and M. Rubin in the development of the area of “information economy” as the stages of the theory of information society evolution. The basic approaches to the definition of information society are highlighted: technological, economic, employment, spatial, cultural. The role and importance of M. Castels’ works in the development of the network society theory and Internet economy are substantiated. The role of global network structures which form new e-business industry is identified. It is proven that the success of the Internet economy depends on the ability of businesses to scale their activities quickly, interact in real time and offer personalized product to customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies basic current tendencies of forming and developing managerial personnel of health sector of the Ternopil region. Research Methodology. The paper uses data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Department of Health of the Ternopil Regional State Administration and the following methods: statistical, analytical. Results. Based on the above statistics, we show the dynamics of the number of managerial personnel of health facilities in the Ternopil region. The analysis of quantitative composition of managers of health facilities revealed problems with staffing of leadership positions in healthcare facilities. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the state and development of administrative personnel of the health sector in the Ternopil region was analyzed based on scientific analysis of official statistical reports. Practical significance. Results of the study can be used in the development of human resources policy (national and regional) for the optimization of the number of managerial personnel, at planning of its training in the system of further education, at calculating the number of reserve justification for nomination to various executive positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the problem of investment in the human capital in the globalizing world. Man as wealth bearer is defined as a major factor of the country’s economic development and a condition of efficient human resources use. Also, the paper generalizes scientific approaches to the “investment in the human capital” category, determines features distinguishing investment in the human capital among other investment kinds, presents main investment sources, assesses the modern state of investment in the human capital in Ukraine, analyzes public spending on health care, intellectual and physical development, education, employment and unemployment levels in Ukraine as well as indices of training professionals at vocational schools and higher educational institutions and the average annual wage level in the country. The paper offers an organizational and economic mechanism of investing in the human capital and measures of increasing quality of the human capital as a factor of the country’s innovative economic development - public financing priority strategic directions of human development; developing and implementing modern human capital development programs; stimulating state’s and private businesses’ increase of expenditures on their employees’ human capital development; investing in innovative development of education, science and health care; reforming labor remuneration and employee incentive systems; optimizing the workforce professional training structure in accordance with economic requirements; developing new lifelong education and systematic professional development programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article specifies the content and particularities of the process of managing the organizational behavior of agricultural formations. It states that research on behavioral aspects of the activity of workers and groups and their consideration in the process of managing agroformations in order to develop the most optimal behavioral model for their effective functioning is timely and important. The paper indicates that effective management of production and economic activities of any economic entity largely depends on the ability of its head to ensure the organization of successful work of their subordinates through forming effective behavioral patterns. The practical significance of the study is based on the fact that heads of agroformations (at all levels of management) need the knowledge of the fundamentals of organizational behavior with the aim of timely and competent coordinating the behavior of subordinates during the management process. The article determines the essence of the process of managing the behavior of personnel of agroformations, reveals the main tendencies, and considers the behavioral actions of managers as well as relations in the organizations investigated. It provides recommendations as to the creation of an effective system of management of organizational behavior of agroformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the analysis of existing approaches to the functioning of the management system and the existing experience of attracting volunteer work to the restoration of tourism resources, the problems of volunteer management are identified in the paper. The reasons for their occurrence and the need to organize projects for the renewal of tourist resources are established. The consideration of the components of volunteer management is carried out at the level of the organizer of the project, public or charitable organization. The involvement of volunteers in the implementation of projects will give an impulse to the development of tourism, will allow to find ways to cooperate with the public and authorities in the conditions of limited financial resources of communities. Scientific developments are devoted to the functioning of the volunteer management system for environmental projects and culturalhistorical initiatives. It is established that the definition of the goal of the volunteer project is the basis of the volunteer management system functioning for renewal of tourism resources. The main problem in the selection is that it is necessary to attract the qualified volunteer who would be able to assist with the required level of difficulty. The elements of the volunteer program will depend on the scale of the project, the size of the funding, the structure and objectives of this program and form a cycle of employment organization and volunteers’ retention. The study of the foreign experience will allow volunteering to be transformed not only into an episode, but into the philosophy of charity and will become a motivational basis. The practical significance of the study is to formulate: the basic principles of working with specialists as volunteers; qualitative characteristics of an effective volunteer management system of projects for renewal of tourism resources; development of a general scheme of the volunteer management system functioning of the project organizer. Further research needs to be done to improve motivational incentives for volunteers and engage them to renew tourist resources through the organization of volunteer tourism in close cooperation between communities, project organizers and tour operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, on the general background of social development of Ukraine, in the context of administrative-territorial reform, have been determined the place of spirituality, morals and public educational formations in the implementation of nature protection policy of the state. There has been: clarified their role in the use of European approaches to ensuring sustainable (germinal) development of the economy as economic entities and the national economy as a whole; revealed the relationships and mutual relations in the development of education, science, production, public and ecology in the state, in a hermeneutical context. On this basis, there have been established trends in the development of this process. The paper disclosed the general theoretical and applied principles of the preconditions formation for the use of innovative approaches for realization of the state concept of sustainable (herminative) development in Ukraine, in accordance with the needs of the united territorial communities according to European standards. Also there were offered the ways of solving these problems in the context of program realization of economic, ecological and territorial-administrative reforms in Ukraine in the post-conflict period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the basic forms of functioning of the market of agricultural machinery are presented. The main domestic producers are considered, among them: PJSC "Kharkiv Tractor Plant named after. S. Ordzhonikidze, Ltd. "Ukravtozapchastyna", LLC "Kherson Machine-Building Plant" and others. In the agrarian market, such equipment is used as: tractors, plows, harrows, drills, and more. In this paper, the main consumers of agricultural machinery are presented. The most promising regions of Ukraine are allocated for the sale of goods. As a result of the analysis, the main factors shaping the consumer demand for agricultural machinery are outlined and the conditions under which the highest level of demand is achieved are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to research and improve the theoretical approach to determining the essence of enterprise competitiveness as a defining characteristic of the effectiveness of its functioning. The article investigates the evolution of scientific views to the understanding of "competition" concept. The definitions of competitiveness offered by Ukrainian and foreign scientists-economists are presented. The approaches to the definition of the category "enterprise competitiveness" are systematized, the content of it is specified and supplemented. It is grounded that enterprise competitiveness should be understood as reflecting the degree of realization of the potential company power to dominate competitors in the market in the short and long term. The set of factors providing the competitive advantages of the enterprise is identified. It has been established that a specific combination of factors is an objective background for the creation of stable competitive positions of the company in the market. The prospects for further in-depth researches based on the study of the methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article have been substantiated that the essential condition for motivation process is the presence of motivational determinants, which are divided into external (coercion and encouragement) and internal (the possibility of gaining or rewarding and persuasive). In general, those external motivational determinants that influence the leaders of machine-building enterprises to implement measures for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises were divided into two groups: those that form negative motivation and those that promote positive motivation. The paper reiterates that the advantages of implementing measures to ensure the sustainable development of machine-building enterprises, are: improvement of financial performance indicators; reduction of operating expenses; increase sales volumes and improve customer loyalty; strengthening the image of the brand and the reputation of the company; increase in productivity and quality of work; increasing opportunities for attracting and retaining employees; reducing regulatory oversight; reduction of responsibility for product safety; entry into the capital market. There have been investigated the factors that demotivate to implement the measures to ensure sustainable development of enterprise, which are divided into restraining and destimulating or reducing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper the interdependence of the structure and competitiveness of the national economy is substantiated, the research of which allows to lay the foundation for the objectification of the focusing of the structural reforms to strengthen the competitive position of the economic system as a basis for the further formation and effective use of the socio-economic development potential. The paper is aimed at outlining the approaches to reveal the interdependence of the structure and competitiveness of the economy and determine the preconditions for the mutual strengthening of the development of structural and competitive characteristics, which should be considered when the priorities and mechanisms of the structural adjustment are formed. Using the international competitive rankings the competitiveness of the national economy is analyzed and the main vectors of the targeted structural transformations are defined by means of which Ukraine should consolidate and improve its competitive position. The competitiveness of the certain industries and activities of the national economy is studied, using the labor productivity criterion. On the basis of the Ukrainian goods competitiveness index calculating the structural problems in the Ukrainian economy are identified. Under the results of study it is concluded that in Ukraine there is an extremely difficult situation in which the negative interdependence between the structural and competitive characteristics of the national economic system is strengthening, when the structure of the latter does not provide the necessary conditions for the formation and consolidation of the competitive advantages, and the low competitiveness does not promote the development of the resource potential of the economic structure improving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dealing with the problem of youth unemployment and the role that youth unemployment plays when enrolling in a first cycle degree programmes and in a second cycle degree programmes of higher education. After the introduction where we defined theoretical background and factors of youth unemployment, we tested two research hypothesis based on correlation and regression analysis of secondary time series data. Based on our empirical results we could not reject our first hypotheses, that an important reason for young to enrol in a first cycle degree programmes are bad prospects to get a job after completing secondary education. Our second hypothesis, that an important reason for young to enrol in a second cycle degree programmes are bad prospects to get a job after completing a first cycle degree programme, was rejected. In concluding remarks, we interpret our results with an emphasis on the discovered differences regarding the impact of youth unemployment on enrolment in the first and second cycle degree programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the broadest methodological problems dealing with doing multi-faceted social and sociological research in different subject-matters of Ukrainian society on extrapolation of Ukraine territory-geographical division, namely the criteria of its regionalization, is under discussion in the article. Basic scientific definitions and approaches on the region identification are given in the article. Different research approaches on this problem and regionalization criteria are taken into consideration under national conditions of regional differentiation. The aim of the paper is to substantiate the best approach and region division criterion in Ukraine from the perspective of social tension study. Having analyzed a number of scientific approaches, we suggest the political –administrative regional division as the best one in social tension study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, any organization faces external challenges and changes and the organizational development has been seen as an important tool in managing and planning organization growth. Organizational development works to improve organizations and balance the strengths and weaknesses of a business that is extremely imperative and should not be overlooked. The organizational development has been defined as an effort that is planned at organization level and starts from the top of the organizational hierarchy in order to enhance the organization’s effectiveness through planned interventions in organizational processes. The paper emphasizes the organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational structure and organizational strategy as the key components of organizational development. The situational assessment, intervention planning, implementing the intervention, data gathering, results analysis and feedback have been determined as the main steps in the organizational development process. The human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions have been identified as the main categories which lead to organizational improvement. The impact of organizational development interventions on company performance has been studied and the organizational development performance metrics have been proposed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement of the innovations mechanism and levers of influence on ensuring the production enterprise operational efficiency is taken into consideration in the article. The importance of innovations for providing the production enterprise competitiveness is making actual. An own view of the term "innovations" was suggested. The existing classifications of innovations depending on their specific use in ecological and economic sphere were considered. Some general definitions of efficiency estimation of the economic entities activity were suggested. Some possible results after innovations introduction and their impact on ecological, economical and social spheres of an enterprise have been determined in the paper. Some obstacles in the enterprise’s sustainable development were found which appeared at the development, introduction and application of innovations. Some directions of innovations impact on ecological and economical aspects of the development were described in case of an enterprise. Main components of technical and ecological innovations have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian exchange market for the period 2013-2018. Ukrainian foreign exchange market’s key indicators and dynamics of their results have been analyzed. Trends in the official exchange rate (OER) of the national currency (UAH) to foreign currencies (USD, EUR) were studied. The dynamics of volumes of foreign exchange interventions conducted by the National Bank of Ukraine was considered. The change in the volume of foreign-currency transaction (purchase/sale) by banking institutions have been investigated in this article. The paper gives a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the ratio of cash and non-cash foreign currency transactions’ volume by the National Bank of Ukraine, as well as the tendency of changes in the volumes of international reserves. The obtained results make it possible to describe the main crisis measures to stabilize the situation on the currency market of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the actualization of the problems of the formation and implementation of the economic and managerial mechanism of motivation of the personnel for energy saving of construction enterprises, which is conditioned by modern trends of the external environment of their functioning. The purpose of the paper is to develop the theoretical and empirical provisions of the economic and managerial mechanism of motivation of the personnel for energy saving at the enterprises. The analysis of the specifics of energy saving in construction companies and the study of the definition of motivation has given the opportunity to determine the motivation to save energy as a process of planning changes aimed at increasing energy efficiency through the incorporation of the latest methodologies, in particular, "Methodology of Facilitation" and reflections on motivating employees to save energy and achieve congruence (agreement) between the organizational structure, processes, strategy, personnel of the enterprise. The theoretical and empirical provisions of the economic and managerial mechanism of motivation of personnel for energy saving at the enterprises are developed, where parametrical characteristic and functional feature of the specificity of formation and realization of the mechanism of motivation of personnel for energy saving are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is aimed at the development of theoretical understanding of social freedom as the basis for socially responsible behavior of economic agents acting in socially and economically diverse environment as well as at the analysis of social freedom realization in the economy of Ukraine. The reasoning presented in the paper suggests that social freedom as a precondition for social responsibility of economic agents means a state of socioeconomic relations which gives the proactive agents full awareness of economic interests and a possibility for constructive influence on each other and on the socioeconomic reality with the minimum difference in the power of that influence. The paper gives a structure for multidimensional analysis of realization of social freedom in Ukraine in economic terms of social responsibility. Being based on international indicators the structure includes the components for analysis of civil freedom, actual economic freedom and freedom as the absence of social exclusion. The analysis reveals a relative scarcity of social freedom in Ukraine, hindering social responsibility manifestation in the economy. The realization of actual economic freedom is the most flawed. The fight against social exclusion also proved inconsistent. That slightly contrasts with the humble advances in the area of civil freedom. The international comparison confirms this observation. The paper concludes that social freedom as a precondition for social responsibility of economic agents suffers from the vulnerability and instability in Ukraine and the relevant reform is to be intensified in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is the theoretical evaluation of the non-tariff trading conditions essence, determination of their place and importance in the trade between the U.S. and the EU, the assessment of possible effects due to its reduction or complete freezing. The paper takes into consideration the subject-matter and importance of non-tariff methods of foreign trade regulation, finds their place and distinguishes their specific use in the foreign trade relations between the U.S. and the EU. Accordingly, the trading terms between the above-mentioned trading partners are found to be mostly liberal, and major restrictions have non-tariff character. The estimation of the rationality of the existing non-tariff trade barriers is given, and the possible effects after their adjustment, shown up in the GDP growth, imports and exports volume, population higher incomes and wages, are evaluated. The importance of the non-tariff restrictions adjustment in the context of prospects for the transatlantic free trade area creation is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reveals the fact that cattle meat production is reduced in Ukraine annually, and for the last 20 years it is unprofitable. However, the meat industry in our country has significant reserves and great prospects for its development, the implementation of which is possible providing some negative phenomena and processes in the agricultural sector are overcome. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of current state of meat production in Ukraine were studied. The main factors affecting it were determined. The paper shows that over the past year, after a sharp drop in meat production in 2015, some increase in total meat production is being observed, where beef, veal and pork production is being reduced significantly but poultry meat production is being increased. There is an evident tendency in meat production cutback in private households and its increase in agricultural enterprises - mainly due to poultry. The biggest problems are in beef market, where steady constant cutback in production is observed. We are monitoring a clear tendency in the export of meat. Thus, in 2015 the export of poultry meat increased by 46 % compared to 2014, and beef exports in 2016 fell by half compared with the corresponding period in 2015. In 2015 Ukraine reduced 8 times the import of pork. The largest share in the import structure covers poultry meat and its products – 93 %. Import of pork fell more than 8 times, and beef - more than 2 times. Taking into consideration the prevalence of poultry meat in total, and the fact that considerable part of the output is produced by private farms, the implementation of a set of organizational and economic measures is very important, namely: state support of pork and beef producers; promoting the wide sales network development including small rural settlements; support the initiatives dealing with establishing the effective relationship between households and agricultural enterprises on young cattle for fattening sales; encouragement of foreign and domestic investment in the meat industry attraction. The study under consideration highlighted the trends in the Ukraine market of meat and showed that this sector is developing mainly towards poultry meat production and processing. The priority areas and prospects of development of meat production in Ukraine are determined, namely: focusing on the production of meat like pork, beef. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper found that under current unstable macroeconomic conditions one of the most important instruments to enhance the social security of companies is active influence of modern social and humanitarian space on these processes and certain threats identification. Within the context of post-crisis recovery the set of measures to ensure the social security system of companies in socio-humanitarian dimension system is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discloses the expediency to determine the organizational and economic principles of innovation development processes in national institutions of hotel and catering business. There were disclosed the role of innovation in enterprises of hotel and restaurant business. In the article has been done procedure for determining the organizational and economic mechanism of innovative development processes of enterprises in these areas. On the basis of the studies also there have been identified the priority of innovation development areas, activation of innovative processes, and factors of innovative technologies implementation in local enterprises of hotel and restaurant business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coaching is a type of counseling that can be used in many areas of life; it includes educational coaching, sports coaching, health coaching, financial coaching, psychological coaching, career coaching. This article concerned with how the principles of coaching are used in HRM. The structure of the human capital is studied in the paper; the necessity of the use of coaching as an effective technology of human resources management is substantiated, the effect of coaching tools for qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the human capital assessment is studied. The subject of the study is the coaching tools in the human capital structure. The purpose of the article is a scientific substantiation and systematization of general and specific coaching tools in the human resources management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the impact of banking sector in the capitalization of region's economy. The functions of the banking system are systematized in the article. Significant economic and social role of banking institutions in the development and capitalization of assets of the regions is proven. The issue of concentration of capital of banks in the certain regions, which hinders the development of other territories, is revealed in the article. The main problems of financial institutions are highlighted in the paper. The problems which faced the population due to the depreciation of the currency are considered. It is stated that banks should support small and medium-sized businesses in the underdeveloped regions because this approach could realize the social role of banks in the region and provide an efficient capitalization of the region. The problem of investment activity and projects of the reconstruction of the real sector of economy of the regions is emphasized in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of social tension is the actual task of interdisciplinary researches. The analysis of theoretical researches testifies to absence a single methodological approach to forming of a scientific and methodical bases evaluation and development of the system of indicators that characterize the level of social tension in regions. In the paper an economic and mathematical model has been proposed based on the method of principal components, which allows to form reasonable sets of partial indicators and to perform a complex rating assessment of the social tension level in the regions of Ukraine during five years. Researches over five years prove that the growth of social tension is related to the unsatisfactory criminal and ecological situation, impossibility of population to pay off in time the debt for utility bills on the basis of low level of profits and tardy salary. A high level of tension is kept in the industrially developed eastern regions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profitability ratio ROI and its adaptation to calculate the economic efficiency of online advertising campaign has been analyzed. Investment profitability factor enables to estimate to what extent the advertising costs in the global network are justified and profitable for your business. The ratio use on the Ternopil mechanical engineering plants websites as a case study has been investigated by the author of the article. Such indices as the number of enterprises web pages visitors per month, indicating popularity of the company site, percentage of orders made by the visitors online, average cost of a concluded sale-purchase transaction, the enterprise margin have been studied in the paper. The ratio ROMI for the mechanical engineering plants, derived from the ROI ratio, has been considered and calculated. These two factors have also been compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of confidence interval for making economic forecasts. Taking into account that the most basic keys to good decision-making is accurate forecasting of the future it can be said that the confidence interval conveys valuable information regarding the uncertainty of point estimate and forms reliable base for making good forecast. Utility of interval estimation to users of business forecasts is emphasized in the article. The paper shows how the confidence interval affects business such as market research, risk management, budget planning. Range forecast as a way to counteract the problem of point estimation is explained in this article. These ranges consist of two points, representing the reasonable "best case" and "worst case" scenarios. Because no estimate can be 100 percent reliable, businesses must be able to know how confident they should be in their estimates and whether or not to act on them. The main steps used to construct the forecast with confidence interval are described in this article. It was proved that probability, measured in a confidence interval, is another piece of data that can help the end user make an informed decision. Also, the practical application of the confidence interval for making business forecast is shown in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the nature of social interests as a complex category of social sciences that reflects the momentum behind human and social actions but is not deeply developed in applied research or in legislature. In particular, certain academic disciplines, such as security studies, interpret social interests much more narrowly and superficially compared to their real essence. Ukrainian legislature uses lists of social interests as a set of social and security policy goals, but it singles out an excessive number of such goals, ignores the imminent contradictions between interests of different members of the society, does not assign quantitative indicators to any of the interests nor sets any time frame for their fulfillment. Therefore the analytical and practical potential for using social interests as guidelines for public policy remains largely unexploited. The paper also offers a system of basic social interests that can serve as a foundation for building a modern European state in Ukraine. The events of 2013-2014 lead to the fall of autocratic and cleptocratic rule in Ukraine, and dissociate the country from the Russian integration projects. In this situation, the basic social interests of Ukraine must be the "desovietization" of its socioeconomic system, reduction of income inequality within the population, achievement of social justice as viewed in John Rawls' concept, and the development of an adequate social and economic order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses methodological approaches to assess the competitiveness of industrial enterprises on the basis of indicators to measure the production, finance, marketing potential, determination of the complex index of competitiveness. The problems of furniture manufacturing enterprises. The basic shortcomings of the industry in today's environment. The analysis of the competitiveness of furniture products on the market. Factors that influence the level of production and the mechanism of improving the competitiveness of enterprise management systems, including the implementation of the following steps: a) the adoption of a fundamental decision by management on the feasibility competitiveness management; b) formation of working groups; c) analysis of the competitiveness of the furniture company, which is determined based on the competitiveness of certain furniture company; d) management functional competitive furniture company; е) evaluating the effectiveness of multi-use and implement actions organizational and economic mechanism of competitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a theoretical synthesis and proposed a new solution to a scientific problem, which is based on application the formation mechanism of competitiveness in the domestic tourism industry through he introduction of tourism clusterization, innovation and marketing development model, promotion of the Ukrainian tourist product on the world tourism market. The purpose of this research is to draw attention to the need for Ukrainian society to the necessity of development and national implementation of measures for improving the image of Ukraine by promotion tourism potential and create brand Ukraine as a tourism state. In the paper the author tried to make the introduction of modern dynamic mechanism maintain the competitiveness of tourism, that are based on innovation and marketing approaches to management. The main task was the study of organizational-economic mechanism of improvement of the national tourism market and its convergence with the world one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is the designing of an algorithm of decision-making in the field of securities investment in developing markets on the basis of fundamental and technical analysis with the use of differential equations with a time-delay argument and methods of fuzzy logic. The analysis of the Ukrainian stock market has made it possible to prove that a share price can be described with the use of the differential equation simulating small swings of a pendulum under the action of force with a time-delay. By a special function, which is referred to as a delayed exponential, it has become possible to get a solution to Cauchy problem, which enables us to estimate a share price at any particular moment of time knowing its fluctuations in a certain period. The use of the proposed method provides minimization of financial risks, which facilitates the formation of an optimal investment portfolio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is an assessment of the current state of the retail trade institutional environment in Ukraine. The analysis of the institutional "framework" of the public management by the retail trade has been conducted. The retail trade regulative blocks in the legal and regulatory framework were identified. The author has presented a critical analysis of the State program of internal trade development in Ukraine for the period until 2016 (draft), shortcomings of its strategic orientation are identified. Systemic problems of the public management by the retail trade were revealed. The conclusions were confirmed by the Global Competitiveness Index. It is underlined that the institutional component remains the most important "potential node" for the entrepreneurs. The necessity of a real administrative reform as well as simultaneous implementing of radical changes in the regulatory system and politics concerning private business have been noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the mentioned complex issues of business fixed assets accounting. The main emphasis in this case refers to the change in value of fixed assets over time. Author studied problems of the regulatory revaluation of fixed assets in accordance with the applicable accounting standards (regulations). Particular attention is paid to the revaluation and impairment of the business fixed assets objects and their recording on accounts. Author analyzed the complex issues in establishing the fair value of fixed assets. Attention is focused on the harmonization of accounting information with tax calculations and reporting provided by the Ukrainian Tax Code. In considering the matter referred to the tax differences (temporary and permanent). Established tax differences in depreciation of fixed assets, impairment amounts and revaluation of fixed assets and accounting entries to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper identified and reasonably effective mechanisms for technology transfer in Ukraine and several foreign countries. The analysis of the national and international technology transfer. It is shown that based on the experience of the transfer of innovative technologies in foreign countries, the priority areas of the state scientific and technical policy is to create conditions for innovation-based economic development and structural adjustment of industrial and technological sectors. The development of legislation affecting science and technology and innovation activity in Ukraine. Comparison of statistical data on the innovation process in the European Union and Ukraine. Investigated the technical and technological production in Ukraine, as well as the factors that hinder the development of innovations in the industry. Found effective mechanisms for technology transfer in foreign countries (USA, Germany, Japan, Russia). The role of technology transfer centres, public-private partnerships, long-term leasing of equipment, government contracts, the introduction of tax incentives to enterprises that carry out upgrading and development of new technologies. An effective means of technology transfer that will enhance innovation processes of enterprises in the innovation economy type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the questions referred to accounting as a management tool of the related to risk business transactions. Found that accounting as a management function is primarily people's knowledge about the status and behavior of assets, capital and liabilities under the influence of business operations at all levels of the company's hierarchy. There are also business processes as objects of accounting. Found that all business transactions and business processes associated with the risk incurred, and therefore require reliable information and knowledge necessary for its application. Proved that on the basis of this knowledge in terms of riskeconomy under the influence of economic events is formed a hierarchy of information and behavior of assets, capital and liabilities of the company - data, information, people's knowledge and process of management. In addition, each level adds certain properties to the previous level and is based on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper defines the concept of ecologization of international relations, analyses trends and steps of ecologization and environmental law development. Special role of UN in global environmental problems solving is highlighted. Ecologization of international regulation of marine-related activities is considered as an extremely importantdue to marine resources degradation, marine transboundary pollution, human impact in the coastal zones, high level of uncertainty and risk of marine-related activities. Ecologization of international relations in the Black Sea basin is realized by mechanism of conventions, international programs and international projects. Special role of the Black Sea Commission and International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River is emphasized. Recommendations for rasing the level of international relations ecologization in the Black Sea basin are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article substantiates the theoretical bases and practical recommendations for the development of integrated industrial structures in the new highly concentrated economy by improving their competitiveness through the selection of more effective forms of functioning. A consistent trend of concentration is observed in the global economy, both as the scale of the industries and business entities and across single countries. According to a research, in the context of a concentration, the economy of Ukraine significantly inferior to the economies of the other countries, both at the level of individual businesses, and at the level of entire industries. In theory and practice of management, there are different approaches of assessing the competitiveness of businesses. At the same time, there is almost no scientific papers that covers the process of assessing the competitiveness of integrated industrial structures, and those that exist do not include the features of the different integrations types of business entities in the integrated industrial structures. At the model level, the type of interaction between integrated industrial structures -- competition -- may be described by qualitative models of population dynamics of interspecific struggle for existence. A model of competition between integrated industrial structures allows to describe the curves of their business cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study reviews foreign and Ukrainian theory and practice in terms of business infrastructure. The infrastructure is one of the key factors to success of small and medium-sized enterprises which ensures their efficient operation. This paper defines small business infrastructure as a set of state and public institutions (organizations, entities) which provide support services to enterprises, facilitate their economic activity and enhance its efficiency. The article concludes that organizational and informational infrastructure of small business support should be identified as an array of business support services (informational, consulting and legal) offered by authorized institutions to facilitate small businesses. This study takes a look at the system of small business infrastructure in the country, its state, development and government support. Currently business incubators in the form of technology parks are the type of business assistance programs which prevail in regions and help startup and early-stage companies with technical advice during their first, the most difficult, year in the marketplace. Business incubators are nonprofit organizations financed by communities or sponsors. They can only recover 10 - 60 % of their cost. That is why the government, that declares state support to small business, should share the cost of business incubator programs and encourage sponsors and venture capitalists to give financial support. The dissertation studies the mechanisms of business incubator operation and the stages of its development. It analyzes the development of small business infrastructure elements in Ukrainian over the past 10 years. The analysis of regional business support programs implementation shows that no more than 5.2% of local budgets are allocated to develop the infrastructure. As a result, the majority of regions do not have an established network of financial credit or advisory infrastructure of business assistance, or it develops spontaneously, uncoordinated by local authorities which reduces the efficiency of infrastructure as a driving force of local small business development. The research uncovers the problems and offers ways to improve the infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the problems and causes of the low coverage of socially vulnerable layers of the population with social benefits, unfair distribution of state social transfers. In order to optimize the planning of social protection of the population it is proposed to use the principle of targeted social assistance. The paper analyzes the advantages of such targeting, its effectiveness and costs. It is determined that the widespread introduction of targeted social assistance will contribute to the optimization and effectiveness of social expenditures. It highlights the advantages of implementing the targeting of social benefits and offers ways to reform the social security system based on the principle of targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with methodological principles and practical aspects of assessing the competitiveness of banks in a market. The paper presents the assessment methodology of competitiveness which is based on the complex system of indicators - indicators of bank development. The proposed indicators characterize different aspects of bank activities in details: operating activities as a whole and operations related to the creation, implementation and marketing of banking services. It has been proposed to use the Harrington function in order to transform indicators that have different dimensions (monetary, interest, unit) into a single scale, and to avoid subjectivity in the assessment. Based on the estimation of individual and group indicators of bank competitiveness, the integral assessment of their market competitiveness in Kharkiv region has been made. It enabled to divide them into strategic groups depending on the strength of their competitive position. It made possible to define leaders and candidates for leadership, pursuers, followers, weak banks, and banks - outsiders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]