"Ebruke, B." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Ebruke, B."' showing total 135 results

Start Over "Ebruke, B."

135 results on '"Ebruke, B."'

1. Comparison of bacterial culture with BioFire® FilmArray® multiplex PCR screening of archived cerebrospinal fluid specimens from children with suspected bacterial meningitis in Nigeria

Author: Obaro, S., Hassan-Hanga, F., Medugu, N., Olaosebikan, R., Olanipekun, G., Jibir, B., Gambo, S., Ajose, Theresa, Duru, Carissa, Ebruke, B., and Davies, H. D.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Epidemiology of human metapneumovirus among children with severe or very severe pneumonia in high pneumonia burden settings: the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study experience.

Author: Miyakawa R, Zhang H, Brooks WA, Prosperi C, Baggett HC, Feikin DR, Hammitt LL, Howie SRC, Kotloff KL, Levine OS, Madhi SA, Murdoch DR, O'Brien KL, Scott JAG, Thea DM, Antonio M, Awori JO, Bunthi C, Driscoll AJ, Ebruke B, Fancourt NS, Higdon MM, Karron RA, Moore DP, Morpeth SC, Mulindwa JM, Park DE, Rahman MZ, Rahman M, Salaudeen RA, Sawatwong P, Seidenberg P, Sow SO, Tapia MD, and Deloria Knoll M
Abstract: Objectives: After respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was the second-ranked pathogen attributed to severe pneumonia in the PERCH study. We sought to characterize hMPV-positive cases in high-burden settings, which have limited data, by comparing with RSV-positive and other cases., Methods: Children aged 1-59 months hospitalized with suspected severe pneumonia and age/season-matched community controls in seven African and Asian countries had nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs tested by multiplex PCR for 32 respiratory pathogens, among other clinical and lab assessments at admission. Odds ratios adjusted for age and site (adjusted OR [aOR]) were calculated using logistic regression. Aetiologic probability was estimated using Bayesian nested partial latent class analysis. Latent class analysis identified syndromic constellations of clinical characteristics., Results: hMPV was detected more frequently among cases (267/3887, 6.9%) than controls (115/4976, 2.3%), among cases with pneumonia chest X-ray findings (8.5%) than without (5.5%), and among controls with respiratory tract illness (3.8%) than without (1.8%; all p ≤ 0.001). HMPV-positive cases were negatively associated with the detection of other viruses (aOR, 0.18), especially RSV (aOR, 0.11; all p < 0.0001), and positively associated with the detection of bacteria (aORs, 1.77; p 0.03). No single clinical syndrome distinguished hMPV-positive from other cases. Among hMPV-positive cases, 65.2% were aged <1 year and 27.5% had pneumonia danger signs; positive predictive value for hMPV aetiology was 74.5%; mortality was 3.9%, similar to RSV-positive (2.4%) and lower than that among other cases (9.6%)., Discussion: HMPV-associated severe paediatric pneumonia in high-burden settings was predominantly in young infants and clinically indistinguishable from RSV. HMPV-positives had low case fatality, similar to that in RSV-positives., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Comparison of Bacterial Culture With Biofire® Filmarray® Multiplex PCR Screening of Archived Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens From Children With Suspected Bacterial Meningitis in Nigeria

Author: Obaro, S, Hassan-Hanga, F, Medugu, N, Olaosebikan, Rasaq, Olanipekun, G, Jibir, B, Gambo, S, Ajose, Theresa, Duru, Carissa, Ebruke, B, Davies, H D, Obaro, S, Hassan-Hanga, F, Medugu, N, Olaosebikan, Rasaq, Olanipekun, G, Jibir, B, Gambo, S, Ajose, Theresa, Duru, Carissa, Ebruke, B, and Davies, H D
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge in most developing countries due to low yield from bacterial culture, widespread use of non-prescription antibiotics, and weak microbiology laboratories. The objective of this study was to compare the yield from standard bacterial culture with the multiplex nested PCR platform, the BioFire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel (BioFire ME Panel), for cases with suspected acute bacterial meningitis. METHODS: Following Gram stain and bacterial culture on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from children aged less than 5 years with a clinical suspicion of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) as defined by the WHO guidelines, residual CSF specimens were frozen and later tested by BioFire ME Panel. RESULTS: A total of 400 samples were analyzed. Thirty-two [32/400 (8%)] of the specimens were culture positive, consisting of; three Salmonella spp. (2 Typhi and 1 non-typhi), three alpha hemolytic Streptococcus, one Staphylococcus aureus, six Neisseria meningitidis, seven Hemophilus influenzae, 11 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 368 were culture negative. Of the 368 culture-negative specimens, the BioFire ME Panel detected at least one bacterial pathogen in 90 (24.5%) samples, consisting of S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis and H. influenzae, predominantly. All culture positive specimens for H. influenzae, N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae also tested positive with the BioFire ME Panel. In addition, 12 specimens had mixed bacterial pathogens identified. For the first time in this setting, we have data on the viral agents associated with meningitis. Single viral agents were detected in 11 (2.8%) samples while co-detections with bacterial agents or other viruses occurred in 23 (5.8%) of the samples. CONCLUSIONS: The BioFire® ME Panel was more sensitive and rapid than culture for detecting bacterial pathogens in CSF. The BioFire® ME Panel also provided for the first time, the diagnosis of viral etiologic agents that are
Published: 2023

4. Aspiration Risk Factors, Microbiology, and Empiric Antibiotics for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Author: Marin-Corral, J, Pascual-Guardia, S, Amati, F, Aliberti, S, Masclans, J, Soni, N, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Sotgiu, G, Anzueto, A, Dimakou, K, Petrino, R, van de Garde, E, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Adrian Ceccato, V, Chertcoff, J, Lascar, F, Di Tulio, F, Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Bashi, J, Dodo, R, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Pefura Yone, E, Mbatchou Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Bustamante Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Pereira Paternina, F, Kayembe Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Jankovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Bouchy Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, Baunbaek-knudsen, G, Petersen, P, Andersen, S, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Faverio, P, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, San Luca, O, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, O, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Neves, J, Abel, S, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Ali Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Abdulaziz Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, S, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Bordon Garcia, N, Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Interna, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-GarcIa, I, Gonzalez del Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Martinez, E, Malo de Molina, R, Marcos, P, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Lacoma de la Torre, A, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, I, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Levent Dalar, I, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Hancock, C, Villafuerte, D, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Ricardo, A, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Reyes, L, Angel, L, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, R, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Marin-Corral J., Pascual-Guardia S., Amati F., Aliberti S., Masclans J. R., Soni N., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Sotgiu G., Anzueto A., Dimakou K., Petrino R., van de Garde E., Restrepo M. I., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Adrian Ceccato V. H. D. C. A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A. C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A. D., Pefura Yone E. W., Mbatchou Ngahane B. H., Shen N., Xu J. -F., Bustamante Rico C. A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F. J., Kayembe Ntumba J. -M., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M. -L., Christensen A. B., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Meyer C. N., Jensen A. V., Baunbaek-knudsen G., Petersen P. T., Andersen S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N. E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K. A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Faverio P., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., San Luca O., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., Mihsra D. R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola O. N. O., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Abel Salazar, Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A. M., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic S. N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N. M., Alarcon H. C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Interna M., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Gonzalez del Castillo J., Victoria P. J., Martinez E. L., Malo de Molina R., Marcos P. J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., Lacoma de la Torre A., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe I. U., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Levent Dalar I. D., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Hancock C., Villafuerte D., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud C. J., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Reyes L. F., Angel L. F., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R. G., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Marin-Corral, J, Pascual-Guardia, S, Amati, F, Aliberti, S, Masclans, J, Soni, N, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Sotgiu, G, Anzueto, A, Dimakou, K, Petrino, R, van de Garde, E, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Adrian Ceccato, V, Chertcoff, J, Lascar, F, Di Tulio, F, Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Bashi, J, Dodo, R, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Pefura Yone, E, Mbatchou Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Bustamante Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Pereira Paternina, F, Kayembe Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Jankovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Bouchy Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, Baunbaek-knudsen, G, Petersen, P, Andersen, S, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Faverio, P, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, San Luca, O, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, O, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Neves, J, Abel, S, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Ali Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Abdulaziz Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, S, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Bordon Garcia, N, Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Interna, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-GarcIa, I, Gonzalez del Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Martinez, E, Malo de Molina, R, Marcos, P, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Lacoma de la Torre, A, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, I, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Levent Dalar, I, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Hancock, C, Villafuerte, D, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Ricardo, A, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Reyes, L, Angel, L, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, R, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Marin-Corral J., Pascual-Guardia S., Amati F., Aliberti S., Masclans J. R., Soni N., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Sotgiu G., Anzueto A., Dimakou K., Petrino R., van de Garde E., Restrepo M. I., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Adrian Ceccato V. H. D. C. A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A. C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A. D., Pefura Yone E. W., Mbatchou Ngahane B. H., Shen N., Xu J. -F., Bustamante Rico C. A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F. J., Kayembe Ntumba J. -M., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M. -L., Christensen A. B., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Meyer C. N., Jensen A. V., Baunbaek-knudsen G., Petersen P. T., Andersen S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N. E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K. A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Faverio P., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., San Luca O., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., Mihsra D. R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola O. N. O., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Abel Salazar, Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A. M., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic S. N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N. M., Alarcon H. C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Interna M., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Gonzalez del Castillo J., Victoria P. J., Martinez E. L., Malo de Molina R., Marcos P. J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., Lacoma de la Torre A., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe I. U., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Levent Dalar I. D., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Hancock C., Villafuerte D., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud C. J., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Reyes L. F., Angel L. F., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R. G., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., and Labra L.
Abstract: Background: Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated with anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. Research Question: What are the aspiration risk factors, microbiology patterns, and empiric anti-anaerobic use in patients hospitalized with CAP? Study Design and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of adults hospitalized with CAP. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) ACAP, (2) CAP/AspRF+ (CAP with AspRF), and (3) CAP/AspRF- (CAP without AspRF). Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiological results, and anti-anaerobic antibiotics were analyzed in all groups. Patients were further stratified in severe and nonsevere CAP groups. Results: We enrolled 2,606 patients with CAP, of which 193 (7.4%) had ACAP. Risk factors independently associated with ACAP were male, bedridden, underweight, a nursing home resident, and having a history of stroke, dementia, mental illness, and enteral tube feeding. Among non-ACAP patients, 1,709 (70.8%) had CAP/AspRF+ and 704 (29.2%) had CAP/AspRF-. Microbiology patterns including anaerobes were similar between CAP/AspRF-, CAP/AspRF+ and ACAP (0.0% vs 1.03% vs 1.64%). Patients with severe ACAP had higher rates of total gram-negative bacteria (64.3% vs 44.3% vs 33.3%, P =.021) and lower rates of total gram-positive bacteria (7.1% vs 38.1% vs 50.0%, P <.001) when compared with patients with severe CAP/AspRF+ and severe CAP/AspRF-, respectively. Most patients (>50% in all groups) independent of AspRFs or ACAP received specific or broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic coverage antibiotics. Interpretation: Hospitalized patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with patients without aspiration risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in patients with severe ACAP. Despite having similar
Published: 2021

5. Prevalence and risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

Author: Villafuerte, D, Aliberti, S, Soni, N, Faverio, P, Marcos, P, Wunderink, R, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Martin-Loeches, I, Menzella, F, Reyes, L, Jankovic, M, Spielmanns, M, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Ceccato, A, Chertcoff, J, Cordon Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Yone, E, Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Paternina, F, Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Dimakou, K, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Prato, B, Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Petrino, R, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, Franzetti, F, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, van de Garde, E, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Nwankwo, O, Olufunlola, A, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Ion, C, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, N, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Garcia, N, Cabello Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-Garcia, I, Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Laserna Martinez, E, Molina, R, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Fiogbe, A, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Dalar, L, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hancock, C, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Franco-Sadud, R, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Angel, L, Anzueto, A, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Villafuerte D., Aliberti S., Soni N. J., Faverio P., Marcos P. J., Wunderink R. G., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Martin-Loeches I., Menzella F., Reyes L. F., Jankovic M., Spielmanns M., Restrepo M. I., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Cordon Diaz A., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A. D., Yone E. W. P., Ngahane B. H. M., Shen N., Xu J. -F., Rico C. A. B., Buitrago R., Paternina F. J. P., Ntumba J. -M. K., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M. -L. B., Christensen A. B., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Meyer C. N., Jensen A. V., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N. E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K. A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., Montmollin E. D., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Prato B. D., Rosa M. D., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., van de Garde E. M. W., Mihsra D. R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Nwankwo O. N. O., Olufunlola A. B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z. A. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A. M. A., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N. M. B., Cabello Alarcon H., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Castillo J. G. D., Victoria P. J., Laserna Martinez E., Molina R. M. D., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F. M., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Fiogbe A. A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Hancock C., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Franco-Sadud R. A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Angel L. F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Villafuerte, D, Aliberti, S, Soni, N, Faverio, P, Marcos, P, Wunderink, R, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Martin-Loeches, I, Menzella, F, Reyes, L, Jankovic, M, Spielmanns, M, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Ceccato, A, Chertcoff, J, Cordon Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Yone, E, Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Paternina, F, Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Dimakou, K, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Prato, B, Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Petrino, R, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, Franzetti, F, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, van de Garde, E, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Nwankwo, O, Olufunlola, A, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Ion, C, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, N, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Garcia, N, Cabello Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-Garcia, I, Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Laserna Martinez, E, Molina, R, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Fiogbe, A, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Dalar, L, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hancock, C, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Franco-Sadud, R, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Angel, L, Anzueto, A, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Villafuerte D., Aliberti S., Soni N. J., Faverio P., Marcos P. J., Wunderink R. G., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Martin-Loeches I., Menzella F., Reyes L. F., Jankovic M., Spielmanns M., Restrepo M. I., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Cordon Diaz A., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A. D., Yone E. W. P., Ngahane B. H. M., Shen N., Xu J. -F., Rico C. A. B., Buitrago R., Paternina F. J. P., Ntumba J. -M. K., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M. -L. B., Christensen A. B., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Meyer C. N., Jensen A. V., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N. E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K. A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., Montmollin E. D., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Prato B. D., Rosa M. D., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., van de Garde E. M. W., Mihsra D. R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Nwankwo O. N. O., Olufunlola A. B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z. A. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A. M. A., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N. M. B., Cabello Alarcon H., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Castillo J. G. D., Victoria P. J., Laserna Martinez E., Molina R. M. D., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F. M., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Fiogbe A. A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Hancock C., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Franco-Sadud R. A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Angel L. F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., and Labra L.
Abstract: Background and objective: Enterobacteriaceae (EB) spp. family is known to include potentially multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, and remains as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and specific risk factors associated with EB and MDR-EB in a cohort of hospitalized adults with CAP. Methods: We performed a multinational, point-prevalence study of adult patients hospitalized with CAP. MDR-EB was defined when ≥3 antimicrobial classes were identified as non-susceptible. Risk factors assessment was also performed for patients with EB and MDR-EB infection. Results: Of the 3193 patients enrolled with CAP, 197 (6%) had a positive culture with EB. Fifty-one percent (n = 100) of EB were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19% (n = 38) had MDR-EB. The most commonly EB identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 111, 56%) and Escherichia coli (n = 56, 28%). The risk factors that were independently associated with EB CAP were male gender, severe CAP, underweight (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5) and prior extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) infection. Additionally, prior ESBL infection, being underweight, cardiovascular diseases and hospitalization in the last 12 months were independently associated with MDR-EB CAP. Conclusion: This study of adults hospitalized with CAP found a prevalence of EB of 6% and MDR-EB of 1.2%, respectively. The presence of specific risk factors, such as prior ESBL infection and being underweight, should raise the clinical suspicion for EB and MDR-EB in patients hospitalized with CAP.
Published: 2020

6. Prevalence and risk factors for Enterobacteriaceae in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia

Author: Villafuerte D., Aliberti S., Soni N. J., Faverio P., Marcos P. J., Wunderink R. G., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Martin-Loeches I., Menzella F., Reyes L. F., Jankovic M., Spielmanns M., Restrepo M. I., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Cordon Diaz A., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A. D., Yone E. W. P., Ngahane B. H. M., Shen N., Xu J. -F., Rico C. A. B., Buitrago R., Paternina F. J. P., Ntumba J. -M. K., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M. -L. B., Christensen A. B., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Meyer C. N., Jensen A. V., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N. E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K. A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., Montmollin E. D., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Prato B. D., Rosa M. D., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., van de Garde E. M. W., Mihsra D. R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Nwankwo O. N. O., Olufunlola A. B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z. A. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A. M. A., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N. M. B., Cabello Alarcon H., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Castillo J. G. D., Victoria P. J., Laserna Martinez E., Molina R. M. D., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F. M., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Fiogbe A. A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Hancock C., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Franco-Sadud R. A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Angel L. F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Villafuerte, D, Aliberti, S, Soni, N, Faverio, P, Marcos, P, Wunderink, R, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Martin-Loeches, I, Menzella, F, Reyes, L, Jankovic, M, Spielmanns, M, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Ceccato, A, Chertcoff, J, Cordon Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Yone, E, Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Paternina, F, Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Dimakou, K, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Prato, B, Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Petrino, R, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, Franzetti, F, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, van de Garde, E, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Nwankwo, O, Olufunlola, A, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Ion, C, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, N, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Garcia, N, Cabello Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-Garcia, I, Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Laserna Martinez, E, Molina, R, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Fiogbe, A, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Dalar, L, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hancock, C, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Franco-Sadud, R, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Angel, L, Anzueto, A, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, University of St Andrews. Infection Group, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Infection and Global Health Division, Villafuerte D., Aliberti S., Soni N.J., Faverio P., Marcos P.J., Wunderink R.G., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Martin-Loeches I., Menzella F., Reyes L.F., Jankovic M., Spielmanns M., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Cordon Diaz A., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Yone E.W.P., Ngahane B.H.M., Shen N., Xu J.-F., Rico C.A.B., Buitrago R., Paternina F.J.P., Ntumba J.-M.K., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M.-L.B., Christensen A.B., Heitmann Bodtger U.C., Meyer C.N., Jensen A.V., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N.E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., Montmollin E.D., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A.D., Prato B.D., Rosa M.D., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., van de Garde E.M.W., Mihsra D.R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Nwankwo O.N.O., Olufunlola A.B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z.A.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A.M.A., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N.M.B., Cabello Alarcon H., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Castillo J.G.D., Victoria P.J., Laserna Martinez E., Molina R.M.D., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F.M., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Fiogbe A.A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Hancock C., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Franco-Sadud R.A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Angel L.F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Villafuerte, D., Aliberti, S., Soni, N. J., Faverio, P., Marcos, P. J., Wunderink, R. G., Rodriguez, A., Sibila, O., Sanz, F., Martin-Loeches, I., Menzella, F., Reyes, L. F., Jankovic, M., Spielmanns, M., Restrepo, M. I., Aruj, P. K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J. P., Garzon, M. I., Cambursano, V. H., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Cordon Diaz, A., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M. C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C. M., Malberti, A. G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P. G., Stagnaro, J. P., Shah, S., Lotsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C. A., Van Braeckel, E., Vincent, J. L., Djimon, M. Z., Nouer, S. A., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Balkissou, A. D., Yone, E. W. P., Ngahane, B. H. M., Shen, N., Xu, J. -F., Rico, C. A. B., Buitrago, R., Paternina, F. J. P., Ntumba, J. -M. K., Carevic, V. V., Jakopovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Jacobsson, M. -L. B., Christensen, A. B., Heitmann Bodtger, U. C., Meyer, C. N., Jensen, A. V., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I., Morsy, N. E., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdulsemed, K. A., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., Montmollin, E. D., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Pletz, M. W., Hagel, S., Rupp, J., Schaberg, T., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Kaimakamis, E., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P. A., Mahesh, P. A., Jayaraj, B. S., Narayan, K. V., Udnur, H. B., Krishnamurthy, S. B., Kant, S., Swarnakar, R., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V. M., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., Monforte, A. D., Prato, B. D., Rosa, M. D., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M. A., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Franzetti, F., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Bacha, Z. A., Ugalde, D. B., Zuniga, O. C., Villegas, J. F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, E. M. W., Mihsra, D. R., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Awokola, B. I., Nwankwo, O. N. O., Olufunlola, A. B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ravara, S. B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C. M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Bukhary, Z. A. A., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Enani, A. M. A., Mohamed, N. E., Memon, J. U., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Borderias, L., Garcia, N. M. B., Cabello Alarcon, H., Cilloniz, C., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Gonzalez, A. E., Fernandez-Almira, M. L., Gallego, M., Gaspar-Garcia, I., Castillo, J. G. D., Victoria, P. J., Laserna Martinez, E., Molina, R. M. D., Menendez, R., Pando-Sandoval, A., Aymerich, C. P., Rello, J., Moyano, S., Rodrigo-Troyano, A., Sole-Violan, J., Uranga, A., van Boven, J. F. M., Torra, E. V., Pujol, J. A., Feldman, C., Yum, H. K., Fiogbe, A. A., Yangui, F., Bilaceroglu, S., Dalar, L., Yilmaz, U., Bogomolov, A., Elahi, N., Dhasmana, D. J., Feneley, A., Hancock, C., Hill, A. T., Rudran, B., Ruiz-Buitrago, S., Campbell, M., Whitaker, P., Youzguin, A., Singanayagam, A., Allen, K. S., Brito, V., Dietz, J., Dysart, C. E., Kellie, S. M., Franco-Sadud, R. A., Meier, G., Gaga, M., Holland, T. L., Bergin, S. P., Kheir, F., Landmeier, M., Lois, M., Nair, G. B., Patel, H., Reyes, K., Rodriguez-Cintron, W., Saito, S., Noda, J., Hinojosa, C. I., Levine, S. M., Angel, L. F., Anzueto, A., Whitlow, K. S., Hipskind, J., Sukhija, K., Totten, V., Shah, R. D., Mateyo, K. J., Noriega, L., Alvarado, E., Aman, M., and Labra, L.
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, community-acquired pneumonia, Community-acquired pneumonia, Enterobacteriaceae, multidrug-resistance, prevalence, risk factors, International Cooperation, Multidrug-resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Research initiative, E-NDAS, Cohort Studies, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Risk factor, Veterans Affairs, health care economics and organizations, Aged, business.industry, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, QR Microbiology, medicine.disease, Drug Resistance, Multiple, humanities, Quality enhancement, QR, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Risk factors, risk factor, Family medicine, Female, business, Risk assessment, Cohort study
Abstract: N.J.S. is partially funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) Partnered Evaluation Initiative Grant (HX002263-01A1). Background and objective : Enterobacteriaceae (EB) spp. family is known to include potentially multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, and remains as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and specific risk factors associated with EB and MDR-EB in a cohort of hospitalized adults with CAP. Methods : We performed a multinational, point-prevalence study of adult patients hospitalized with CAP. MDR-EB was defined when ≥3 antimicrobial classes were identified as non-susceptible. Risk factors assessment was also performed for patients with EB and MDR-EB infection. Results : Of the 3193 patients enrolled with CAP, 197 (6%) had a positive culture with EB. Fifty-one percent (n = 100) of EB were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19% (n = 38) had MDR-EB. The most commonly EB identified were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 111, 56%) and Escherichia coli (n = 56, 28%). The risk factors that were independently associated with EB CAP were male gender, severe CAP, underweight (body mass index (BMI)
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. International prevalence and risk factors evaluation for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia

Author: Aliberti, S, Cook, GS, Babu, BL, Reyes, LF, Rodriguez, AH, Sanz, F, Soni, NJ, Anzueto, A, Faverio, P, Sadud, RF, Muhammad, I, Prat, C, Vendrell, E, Neves, J, Kaimakamis, E, Feneley, A, Swarnakar, R, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Restrepo, MI, Aruj, PK, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, JP, Garzon, MI, Cambursano, VH, Ceccato, A, Chertcoff, J, Lascar, F, Di Tulio, F, Diaz, AC, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, MC, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Lopez, V, Luna, CM, Malberti, AG, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, PG, Stagnaro, JP, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, CA, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, JL, Djimon, MZ, Bashi, J, Dodo, R, Nouer, SA, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, AD, Yone, EWP, Ngahane, BHM, Shen, N, Xu, JF, Rico, CAB, Buitrago, R, Paternina, FJP, Ntumba, JMK, Carevic, VV, Jakopovic, M, Jankovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Jacobsson, MLB, Christensen, AB, Bodtger, UCH, Meyer, CN, Jensen, AV, Baunbaek-knudsen, G, Petersen, PT, Andersen, S, Abd El-Wahhab, IES, Morsy, NE, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, KA, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, MW, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Dimakou, K, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, PA, Mahesh, PA, Jayaraj, BS, Narayan, KV, Udnur, HB, Krishnamurthy, SB, Kant, S, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, VM, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, AD, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, MA, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Petrino, R, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, ZA, Ugalde, DB, Zuniga, OC, Villegas, JF, Medenica, M, van de Garde, EMW, Mihsra, DR, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, BI, Nwankwo, ONO, Olufunlola, AB, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, KN, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Ravara, SB, Brocovschii, V, Ion, C, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, CM, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Bukhary, ZAA, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Enani, AMA, Mohamed, NE, Memon, JU, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, N, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Garcia, NMB, Alarcon, HC, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, AE, Fernandez-Almira, ML, Gallego, M, Gaspar-Garcia, I, del Castillo, JG, Victoria, PJ, Martinez, EL, de Molina, RM, Marcos, PJ, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, CP, de la Torre, AL, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Sibila, O, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, JFM, Torra, EV, Pujol, JA, Feldman, C, Yum, HK, Fiogbe, AA, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Dalar, L, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, DJ, Ions, R, Skeemer, J, Woltmann, G, Hancock, C, Hill, AT, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Allen, KS, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, CE, Kellie, SM, Franco-Sadud, RA, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, TL, Bergin, SP, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, GB, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, CI, Levine, SM, Angel, LF, Whitlow, KS, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, RG, Shah, RD, Mateyo, KJ, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, Labra, L, Aliberti, S, Cook, G, Babu, B, Reyes, L, H. Rodriguez, A, Sanz, F, Soni, N, Anzueto, A, Faverio, P, Sadud, R, Muhammad, I, Prat, C, Vendrell, E, Neves, J, Kaimakamis, E, Feneley, A, Swarnakar, R, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Restrepo, M, Aliberti, S., Cook, G. S., Babu, B. L., Reyes, L. F., Rodriguez, A. H., Sanz, F., Soni, N. J., Anzueto, A., Faverio, P., Sadud, R. F., Muhammad, I., Prat, C., Vendrell, E., Neves, J., Kaimakamis, E., Feneley, A., Swarnakar, R., Franzetti, F., Carugati, M., Morosi, M., Monge, E., Restrepo, M. I., Aruj, P. K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J. P., Garzon, M. I., Cambursano, V. H., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Lascar, F., Di Tulio, F., Diaz, A. C., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M. C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C. M., Malberti, A. G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P. G., Stagnaro, J. P., Shah, S., Lotsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C. A., Van Braeckel, E., Vincent, J. L., Djimon, M. Z., Bashi, J., Dodo, R., Nouer, S. A., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Balkissou, A. D., Yone, E. W. P., Ngahane, B. H. M., Shen, N., Xu, J. -F., Rico, C. A. B., Buitrago, R., Paternina, F. J. P., Ntumba, J. -M. K., Carevic, V. V., Jakopovic, M., Jankovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Jacobsson, M. -L. B., Christensen, A. B., Bodtger, U. C. H., Meyer, C. N., Jensen, A. V., Baunbaek-Knudsen, G., Petersen, P. T., Andersen, S., El-Wahhab, I. E. -S. A., Morsy, N. E., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdulsemed, K. A., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., de Montmollin, E., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Pletz, M. W., Hagel, S., Rupp, J., Schaberg, T., Spielmanns, M., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P. A., Mahesh, P. A., Jayaraj, B. S., Narayan, K. V., Udnur, H. B., Krishnamurthy, S. B., Kant, S., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Del Prato, B., De Rosa, M., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M. A., Menzella, F., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Bacha, Z. A., Ugalde, D. B., Zuniga, O. C., Villegas, J. F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, E. M. W., Mihsra, D. R., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Awokola, B. I., Nwankwo, O. N. O., Olufunlola, A. B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ferrao, C., Ravara, S. B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C. M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Bukhary, Z. A. A., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Enani, A. M. A., Mohamed, N. E., Memon, J. U., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Borderias, L., Garcia, N. M. B., Alarcon, H. C., Cilloniz, C., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Gonzalez, A. E., Fernandez-Almira, M. L., Gallego, M., Gaspar-Garcia, I., Del Castillo, J. G., Victoria, P. J., Martinez, E. L., de Molina, R. M., Marcos, P. J., Menendez, R., Pando-Sandoval, A., Aymerich, C. P., de la Torre, A. L., Garcia-Olive, I., Rello, J., Moyano, S., Sibila, O., Rodrigo-Troyano, A., Sole-Violan, J., Uranga, A., van Boven, J. F. M., Torra, E. V., Pujol, J. A., Feldman, C., Yum, H. K., Fiogbe, A. A., Yangui, F., Bilaceroglu, S., Dalar, L., Yilmaz, U., Bogomolov, A., Elahi, N., Dhasmana, D. J., Ions, R., Skeemer, J., Woltmann, G., Hancock, C., Hill, A. T., Rudran, B., Ruiz-Buitrago, S., Campbell, M., Whitaker, P., Youzguin, A., Singanayagam, A., Allen, K. S., Brito, V., Dietz, J., Dysart, C. E., Kellie, S. M., Franco-Sadud, R. A., Meier, G., Gaga, M., Holland, T. L., Bergin, S. P., Kheir, F., Landmeier, M., Lois, M., Nair, G. B., Patel, H., Reyes, K., Rodriguez-Cintron, W., Saito, S., Noda, J., Hinojosa, C. I., Levine, S. M., Angel, L. F., Whitlow, K. S., Hipskind, J., Sukhija, K., Totten, V., Wunderink, R. G., Shah, R. D., Mateyo, K. J., Noriega, L., Alvarado, E., Aman, M., Labra, L., Aliberti S., Cook G.S., Babu B.L., Reyes L.F., Rodriguez A.H., Sanz F., Soni N.J., Anzueto A., Faverio P., Sadud R.F., Muhammad I., Prat C., Vendrell E., Neves J., Kaimakamis E., Feneley A., Swarnakar R., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A.C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Yone E.W.P., Ngahane B.H.M., Shen N., Xu J.-F., Rico C.A.B., Buitrago R., Paternina F.J.P., Ntumba J.-M.K., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M.-L.B., Christensen A.B., Bodtger U.C.H., Meyer C.N., Jensen A.V., Baunbaek-Knudsen G., Petersen P.T., Andersen S., El-Wahhab I.E.-S.A., Morsy N.E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., D'Arminio Monforte A., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., van de Garde E.M.W., Mihsra D.R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Nwankwo O.N.O., Olufunlola A.B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z.A.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A.M.A., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N.M.B., Alarcon H.C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Del Castillo J.G., Victoria P.J., Martinez E.L., de Molina R.M., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., de la Torre A.L., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Sibila O., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F.M., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Fiogbe A.A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Ions R., Skeemer J., Woltmann G., Hancock C., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Franco-Sadud R.A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Angel L.F., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., and Labra L.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Streptococcus pneumonia, antibiotic resistance, Internationality, sputum examination, bronchiectasis, very elderly, Antibiotics, Prevalence, Drug resistance, medicine.disease_cause, Logistic regression, Global Health, Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology, lung lavage, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, 030212 general & internal medicine, Microbial drug resistant, Aged, 80 and over, adult, international cooperation, drug effect, Middle Aged, influenza vaccination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, antiinfective agent, Europe, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Global burden of disease, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, risk factor, bacterium identification, Female, community acquired infection, influenza, liver disease, pneumococcal vaccination, Pneumococcal infection, hospitalization, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Article, Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology, medicine, Humans, controlled study, human, tetracycline, Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data, Aged, levofloxacin, nonhuman, business.industry, disease association, microbiology, community acquired pneumonia, macrolide, Pneumonia, asthma, South America, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, vaccination, medicine.disease, major clinical study, antibiotic sensitivity, penicillin derivative, Penicillin, Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects, blood examination, Africa, North America, microbiological examination, business
Abstract: Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study. Design: The prevalence of DRSP-CAP was assessed by identification of DRSP in blood or respiratory samples among adults hospitalized with CAP in 54 countries. Prevalence and risk factors were compared among subjects that had microbiological testing and antibiotic susceptibility data. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors independently associated with DRSP-CAP. Results: 3,193 subjects were included in the study. The global prevalence of DRSP-CAP was 1.3% and continental prevalence rates were 7.0% in Africa, 1.2% in Asia, and 1.0% in South America, Europe, and North America, respectively. Macrolide resistance was most frequently identified in subjects with DRSP-CAP (0.6%) followed by penicillin resistance (0.5%). Subjects in Africa were more likely to have DRSP-CAP (OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 3.34-15.35, p < 0.001) when compared to centres representing other continents. Conclusions: This multinational point-prevalence study found a low global prevalence of DRSP-CAP that may impact guideline development and antimicrobial policies. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of invasive Salmonella enterica from children with bacteremia in north-central Nigeria.

Author: Uzairue LI, Shittu OB, Ojo OE, Obuotor TM, Olanipekun G, Ajose T, Arogbonlo R, Medugu N, Ebruke B, and Obaro SK
Abstract: Objectives: Bacteremia due to invasive Salmonella enterica has been reported earlier in children in Nigeria. This study aimed to detect the virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of invasive Salmonella enterica from children with bacteremia in north-central Nigeria., Method: From June 2015 to June 2018, 4163 blood cultures yielded 83 Salmonella isolates. This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Salmonella isolates. The Salmonella enterica were isolated and identified using standard bacteriology protocol. Biochemical identifications of the Salmonella enterica were made by Phoenix MD 50 identification system. Further identification and confirmation were done with polyvalent antisera O and inv A gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done following clinical and laboratory standard institute guidelines. Resistant genes and virulence genes were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction., Result: Salmonella typhi 51 (61.4%) was the most prevalent serovar, followed by Salmonella species 13 (15.7%), choleraesuis 8 (9.6%), enteritidis 6 (7.2%), and typhimurium 5 (6.1%). Fifty-one (61.4%) of 83 Salmonella enterica were typhoidal, while 32 (38.6%) were not. Sixty-five (78.3%) of the 83 Salmonella enterica isolates were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, followed by chloramphenicol 39 (46.7%), tetracycline 41 (41.4%), piperacillin 33 (33.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanate, and streptomycin 21 (25.3%), while cephalothin was 19 (22.9%). Thirty-nine (46.9%) of the 83 Salmonella enterica isolates were multi-drug resistant, and none were extensive drug resistant or pan-drug resistant. A bla TEM 42 (50.6%), flo R 32 (38.6%), qnr A 24 (28.9%), tet B 20 (20.1%), tet A 10 (10.0%), and tet G 5 (6.0%) were the antibiotic resistance genes detected. There were perfect agreement between phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance in tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while beta-lactam showed κ = 0.60 agreement. All of the Salmonella enterica isolates had the virulence genes inv A, sop B, mgt C, and sip 4D, while 33 (39.8%), 45 (51.8%), and 2 (2.4%) had ssa Q, spv C, and ljs GI-1, respectively., Conclusion: Our findings showed multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica in children with bacteremia in northern Nigeria. In addition, significant virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were found in invasive Salmonella enterica in northern Nigeria. Thus, our study emphasizes the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica from invasive sources in Nigeria and supports antibiotic prudence., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Carga y factores de riesgo para la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : un estudio multinacional de prevalencia puntual de pacientes hospitalizados

Author: Restrepo M. I., Babu B. L., Reyes L. F., Chalmers J. D., Soni N. J., Sibila O., Faverio P., Cilloniz C., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Aliberti S., Aruj P. K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J. P., Garzon M. I., Cambursano V. H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A. C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M. C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C. M., Malberti A. G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P. G., Stagnaro J. P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C. A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J. L., Djimon M. Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S. A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Dodo Balkissou A., Pefura Yone E. W., Mbatchou Ngahane B. H., Shen N., Xu J. F., Bustamante Rico C. A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F. J., Kayembe Ntumba J. M., Carevic V. V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M. L., Bro Christensen A., Heitmann Bodtger U. C., Niels Meyer C., Vestergaard Jensen A., Baunbaek-Knudsen G., Petersen P. T., Andersen S., Abd El-Wahhab I. E., Elsayed Morsy N., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdella Abdulsemed K., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M. W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P. A., Mahesh P. A., Jayaraj B. S., Narayan K. V., Udnur H. B., Krishnamurthy S. B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V. M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A. D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M. A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z. A., Ugalde D. B., Zuniga O. C., Villegas J. F., Medenica M., van de Garde E. M. W., Raj Mihsra D., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B. I., Nwankwo O. N. O., Olufunlola A. B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K. N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Ravara S. B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C. M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z. A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A. M., Mohamed N. E., Memon J. U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Feldman C., Yum H. K., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N. M., Cabello Alarcon H., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A. E., Fernandez-Almira M. L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Del Castillo J. G., Victoria P. J., Martinez E. L., de Molina R. M., Marcos P. J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C. P., de la Torre A. L., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Sanz F., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J. F. M., Torra E. V., Pujol J. A., Fiogbe A. A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D. J., Feneley A., Ions R., Skeemer J., Woltmann G., Hancock C., Hill A. T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K. S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C. E., Kellie S. M., Zablocki C. J., MurphyMurphy R. G., Franco-Sadud R. A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T. L., Bergin S. P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G. B., Patel H., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C. I., Levine S. M., Angel L. F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K. S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R. G., Shah R. D., Mateyo K. J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Restrepo, M. I., Babu, B. L., Reyes, L. F., Chalmers, J. D., Soni, N. J., Sibila, O., Faverio, P., Cilloniz, C., Rodriguez-Cintron, W., Aliberti, S., Aruj, P. K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J. P., Garzon, M. I., Cambursano, V. H., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Lascar, F., Di Tulio, F., Diaz, A. C., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M. C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C. M., Malberti, A. G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P. G., Stagnaro, J. P., Shah, S., Lotsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C. A., Van Braeckel, E., Vincent, J. L., Djimon, M. Z., Bashi, J., Dodo, R., Nouer, S. A., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Dodo Balkissou, A., Pefura Yone, E. W., Mbatchou Ngahane, B. H., Shen, N., Xu, J. F., Bustamante Rico, C. A., Buitrago, R., Pereira Paternina, F. J., Kayembe Ntumba, J. M., Carevic, V. V., Jakopovic, M., Jankovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Bouchy Jacobsson, M. L., Bro Christensen, A., Heitmann Bodtger, U. C., Niels Meyer, C., Vestergaard Jensen, A., Baunbaek-Knudsen, G., Petersen, P. T., Andersen, S., Abd El-Wahhab, I. E., Elsayed Morsy, N., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdella Abdulsemed, K., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., de Montmollin, E., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Pletz, M. W., Hagel, S., Rupp, J., Schaberg, T., Spielmanns, M., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Kaimakamis, E., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P. A., Mahesh, P. A., Jayaraj, B. S., Narayan, K. V., Udnur, H. B., Krishnamurthy, S. B., Kant, S., Swarnakar, R., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., Monforte, A. D., Del Prato, B., De Rosa, M., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M. A., Menzella, F., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Franzetti, F., Carugati, M., Morosi, M., Monge, E., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Bacha, Z. A., Ugalde, D. B., Zuniga, O. C., Villegas, J. F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, E. M. W., Raj Mihsra, D., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Awokola, B. I., Nwankwo, O. N. O., Olufunlola, A. B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ferrao, C., Neves, J., Ravara, S. B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C. M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Ali Bukhary, Z. A., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Abdulaziz Enani, A. M., Mohamed, N. E., Memon, J. U., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Feldman, C., Yum, H. K., Borderias, L., Bordon Garcia, N. M., Cabello Alarcon, H., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Gonzalez, A. E., Fernandez-Almira, M. L., Gallego, M., Gaspar-Garcia, I., Del Castillo, J. G., Victoria, P. J., Martinez, E. L., de Molina, R. M., Marcos, P. J., Menendez, R., Pando-Sandoval, A., Aymerich, C. P., de la Torre, A. L., Garcia-Olive, I., Rello, J., Moyano, S., Sanz, F., Rodrigo-Troyano, A., Sole-Violan, J., Uranga, A., van Boven, J. F. M., Torra, E. V., Pujol, J. A., Fiogbe, A. A., Yangui, F., Bilaceroglu, S., Dalar, L., Yilmaz, U., Bogomolov, A., Elahi, N., Dhasmana, D. J., Feneley, A., Ions, R., Skeemer, J., Woltmann, G., Hancock, C., Hill, A. T., Rudran, B., Ruiz-Buitrago, S., Campbell, M., Whitaker, P., Youzguin, A., Singanayagam, A., Allen, K. S., Brito, V., Dietz, J., Dysart, C. E., Kellie, S. M., Zablocki, C. J., Murphymurphy, R. G., Franco-Sadud, R. A., Meier, G., Gaga, M., Holland, T. L., Bergin, S. P., Kheir, F., Landmeier, M., Lois, M., Nair, G. B., Patel, H., Saito, S., Noda, J., Hinojosa, C. I., Levine, S. M., Angel, L. F., Anzueto, A., Whitlow, K. S., Hipskind, J., Sukhija, K., Totten, V., Wunderink, R. G., Shah, R. D., Mateyo, K. J., Noriega, L., Alvarado, E., Aman, M., Labra, L., Restrepo, M, Babu, B, Reyes, L, Chalmers, J, Soni, N, Sibila, O, Faverio, P, Cilloniz, C, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Aliberti, S, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Restrepo M.I., Babu B.L., Reyes L.F., Chalmers J.D., Soni N.J., Sibila O., Faverio P., Cilloniz C., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Aliberti S., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A.C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Dodo Balkissou A., Pefura Yone E.W., Mbatchou Ngahane B.H., Shen N., Xu J.F., Bustamante Rico C.A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F.J., Kayembe Ntumba J.M., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M.L., Bro Christensen A., Heitmann Bodtger U.C., Niels Meyer C., Vestergaard Jensen A., Baunbaek-Knudsen G., Petersen P.T., Andersen S., Abd El-Wahhab I.E., Elsayed Morsy N., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdella Abdulsemed K., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A.D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., van de Garde E.M.W., Raj Mihsra D., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Nwankwo O.N.O., Olufunlola A.B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A.M., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N.M., Cabello Alarcon H., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Gallego M., Gaspar-Garcia I., Del Castillo J.G., Victoria P.J., Martinez E.L., de Molina R.M., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., de la Torre A.L., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Sanz F., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F.M., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Fiogbe A.A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Ions R., Skeemer J., Woltmann G., Hancock C., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Zablocki C.J., MurphyMurphy R.G., Franco-Sadud R.A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Angel L.F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., and Labra L.
Subjects: Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Male, antibiotic resistance, Internationality, Cross-sectional study, bacterial colonization, very elderly, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Drug resistance, Pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat, Pseudomonas aeruginosa community acquired pneumonia, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Tracheostomy, Community-acquired pneumonia, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, 80 and over, Medicine, Community-Acquired Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, adult, article, Bacterial, Middle Aged, Antibiotic coverage, Bronchiectasis, Community-Acquired Infections, hospital patient, priority journal, risk factor, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Infectious diseases, Human, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Logistic Model, Admission, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, chronic lung disease, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Bronchiectasi, Internal medicine, Pseudomonas, controlled study, human, Cross-Sectional Studie, business.industry, Risk Factor, community acquired pneumonia, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, logistic regression analysis, major clinical study, antibiotic sensitivity, hospital admission, 030228 respiratory system, microbiological examination, business, chronic obstructive lung disease
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a challenging bacterium to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to the antibiotics used most frequently in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Data about the global burden and risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP are limited. We assessed the multinational burden and specific risk factors associated with P. aeruginosa-CAP. We enrolled 3193 patients in 54 countries with confirmed diagnosis of CAP who underwent microbiological testing at admission. Prevalence was calculated according to the identification of P. aeruginosa. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa and antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa-CAP was 4.2% and 2.0%, respectively. The rate of P. aeruginosa CAP in patients with prior infection/colonisation due to P. aeruginosa and at least one of the three independently associated chronic lung diseases (i.e. tracheostomy, bronchiectasis and/or very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) was 67%. In contrast, the rate of P. aeruginosa-CAP was 2% in patients without prior P. aeruginosa infection/colonisation and none of the selected chronic lung diseases. The multinational prevalence of P. aeruginosa-CAP is low. The risk factors identified in this study may guide healthcare professionals in deciding empirical antibiotic coverage for CAP patients.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. An international perspective on hospitalized patients with viral community-acquired pneumonia

Author: Radovanovic, D., Sotgiu, G., Jankovic, M., Mahesh, P.A., Marcos, P.J., Abdalla, M.I., Di Pasquale, M.F., Gramegna, A., Terraneo, S., Blasi, F., Santus, P., Aliberti, S., Reyes, L.F., Restrepo, M.I., Aruj, P.K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J.P., Garzón, M.I., Cambursano, V.H., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Cordon Díaz, A., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M.C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C.M., Malberti, A.G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P.G., Stagnaro, J.P., Shah, S., Lötsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C.A., Van Braeckel, E., Vincent, J.L., Djimon, M.Z., Aranha Nouér, S., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Balkissou, A.D., Pefura Yone, E.W., Mbatchou Ngahane, B.H., Shen, N., Xu, J.F., Bustamante Rico, C.A., Buitrago, R., Pereira Paternina, F.J., Kayembe Ntumba, J.M., Vladic-Carevic, V., Jakopovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Bouchy Jacobsson, M.L., Bro Christensen, A., Heitmann Bødtger, U.C., Meyer, C.N., Vestergaard Jensen, A., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I., Elsayed Morsy, N., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdulsemed, K.A., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., de Montmollin, E., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Pletz, M.W., Hagel, S., Rupp, J., Schaberg, T., Spielmanns, M., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Kaimakamis, E., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P.A., Jayaraj, B.S., Narayan, K.V., Udnur, H.B., Krishnamurthy, S.B., Kant, S., Swarnakar, R., Salvi, S., Limaye, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V.M., Martin-Loeches, I., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Del Prato, B., De Rosa, M., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M.A., Menzella, F., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Franzetti, F., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Aoun Bacha, Z., Barajas Ugalde, D., Ceballos Zuñiga, O., Villegas, J.F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, E.M.W., Raj Mihsra, D., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Ishola Awokola, B., Nwankwo, O.N.O., Olufunlola, A.B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K.N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ferrão, C., Neves, J., Ravara, S.B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C.M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Bukhary, Z.A.A., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, A., Eltayeb Mohamed, N., Ulhadi Memon, J., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Borderìas, L., Bordon Garcia, N.M., Cabello Alarcón, H., Cilloniz, C., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Encabo González, A., Fernández-Almira, M.L., Gallego, M., Gaspar-GarcÍa, I., González Del Castillo, J., Javaloyes Victoria, P., Laserna Martínez, E., Malo de Molina, R., and Menéndez, R.
Subjects: viruses
Abstract: Background: Who should be tested for viruses in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), prevalence and risk factors for viral CAP are still debated. We evaluated the frequency of viral testing, virus prevalence, risk factors and treatment coverage with oseltamivir in patients admitted for CAP. Methods: Secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of hospitalized adults with CAP. Testing frequency, prevalence of viral CAP and treatment with oseltamivir were assessed among patients who underwent a viral swab. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate risk factors. Results: 553 (14.9%) patients with CAP underwent nasal swab. Viral CAP was diagnosed in 157 (28.4%) patients. Influenza virus was isolated in 80.9% of cases. Testing frequency and viral CAP prevalence were inhomogeneous across the participating centers. Obesity (OR 1.59, 95%CI: 1.01–2.48; p = 0.043) and need for invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.02–2.56; p = 0.040) were independently associated with viral CAP. Prevalence of empirical treatment with oseltamivir was 5.1%. Conclusion: In an international scenario, testing frequency for viruses in CAP is very low. The most common cause of viral CAP is Influenza virus. Obesity and need for invasive ventilation represent independent risk factors for viral CAP. Adherence to recommendations for treatment with oseltamivir is poor.
Published: 2019

11. Digitally recorded and remotely classified lung auscultation compared with conventional stethoscope classifications among children aged 1-59 months enrolled in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) case-control study.

Author: Park DE, Watson NL, Focht C, Feikin D, Hammitt LL, Brooks WA, Howie SRC, Kotloff KL, Levine OS, Madhi SA, Murdoch DR, O'Brien KL, Scott JAG, Thea DM, Amorninthapichet T, Awori J, Bunthi C, Ebruke B, Elhilali M, Higdon M, Hossain L, Jahan Y, Moore DP, Mulindwa J, Mwananyanda L, Naorat S, Prosperi C, Thamthitiwat S, Verwey C, Jablonski KA, Power MC, Young HA, Deloria Knoll M, and McCollum ED
Subjects: Animals, Auscultation, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child Health, Humans, Lung, Respiratory Sounds diagnosis, Perches, Pneumonia diagnosis, Stethoscopes
Abstract: Background: Diagnosis of pneumonia remains challenging. Digitally recorded and remote human classified lung sounds may offer benefits beyond conventional auscultation, but it is unclear whether classifications differ between the two approaches. We evaluated concordance between digital and conventional auscultation., Methods: We collected digitally recorded lung sounds, conventional auscultation classifications and clinical measures and samples from children with pneumonia (cases) in low-income and middle-income countries. Physicians remotely classified recordings as crackles, wheeze or uninterpretable. Conventional and digital auscultation concordance was evaluated among 383 pneumonia cases with concurrently (within 2 hours) collected conventional and digital auscultation classifications using prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK). Using an expanded set of 737 cases that also incorporated the non-concurrently collected assessments, we evaluated whether associations between auscultation classifications and clinical or aetiological findings differed between conventional or digital auscultation using χ 2 tests and logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and site., Results: Conventional and digital auscultation concordance was moderate for classifying crackles and/or wheeze versus neither crackles nor wheeze (PABAK=0.50), and fair for crackles-only versus not crackles-only (PABAK=0.30) and any wheeze versus no wheeze (PABAK=0.27). Crackles were more common on conventional auscultation, whereas wheeze was more frequent on digital auscultation. Compared with neither crackles nor wheeze, crackles-only on both conventional and digital auscultation was associated with abnormal chest radiographs (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.53, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.36; aOR=2.09, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.68, respectively); any wheeze was inversely associated with C-reactive protein >40 mg/L using conventional auscultation (aOR=0.50, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.92) and with very severe pneumonia using digital auscultation (aOR=0.67, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.97). Crackles-only on digital auscultation was associated with mortality compared with any wheeze (aOR=2.70, 95% CI 1.12 to 6.25)., Conclusions: Conventional auscultation and remotely-classified digital auscultation displayed moderate concordance for presence/absence of wheeze and crackles among cases. Conventional and digital auscultation may provide different classification patterns, but wheeze was associated with decreased clinical severity on both., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from droppings of layer chicken in two farms in Nigeria.

Author: Shittu OB, Uzairue LI, Ojo OE, Obuotor TM, Folorunso JB, Raheem-Ademola RR, Olanipekun G, Ajose T, Medugu N, Ebruke B, and Obaro SK
Subjects: Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Chickens, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Farms, Nigeria, Poultry, Salmonella typhi, Serogroup, Virulence genetics, Salmonella Infections, Animal epidemiology, Salmonella enterica
Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica serovar from two commercial farms in Nigeria., Methods and Results: Salmonella isolation was performed according to the United States Food and Drug Agency (USFDA) method. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of resistance and virulence genes were done using the Kauffman-White Scheme, disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques. Salmonella serovars were isolated from only farm A at 22/50 (44.0%) while none were isolated from farm B. Salmonella Typhi, 9 (40.9%); Salmonella Typhimurium, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Enteritidis, 2 (9.1%), Salmonella Pullorum, 1 (4.5%), Salmonella Kentucky, 4 (18.2%) were identified while 4 (18.2%) were untypable. Sixteen isolates (72.7%) showed multiple drug resistance and 17 different resistance profile types with AMP-CHL-TRM-SXT as the most prevalent pattern. Resistance genes (blaTEM, 12/22 (54.5%) and virulence genes (InvA, sopB, mgtC and spi4D, 22/22 (100.0%), ssaQ, 16/22 (72.7%) and spvC, 13/22 (59.1%) were found, while blaSHV, blaCTX-M, floR, tetA, tetB, tetG and LJSGI-1 genes were absent., Conclusion: Pathogenic Salmonella were isolated from the chicken droppings in this study. Most of these strains were resistant to antibiotics and possessed characteristics of virulence., Significance and Impact of the Study: Chicken droppings from this study area contained pathogenic strains of Salmonella and a rare occurrence of Salmonella Typhi. The study revealed that the environment and the food chain could be at risk of contamination of highly virulent and antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella. These could affect the profitability of the poultry industry and food consumption. There is a need for caution in indiscriminate disposal of poultry waste and the use of uncomposted chicken droppings in soil amendment., (© 2022 Society for Applied Microbiology.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Discovery and validation of biomarkers to guide clinical management of pneumonia in African children

Author: Huang, H., Ideh, R. C., Gitau, Evelyn, Thezenas, M. L., Jallow, M., Ebruke, B., Chimah, O., Oluwalana, C., Karanja, H., Mackenzie, G., Adegbola, R. A., Kwiatkowski, D., Kessler, B. M., Berkley, J. A., Howie, S. R. C., and Casals-Pascual, C.
Subjects: wb_102, qy_4, parasitic diseases, ws_280, qu_460
Abstract: Background\ud \ud Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally. Clinical algorithms remain suboptimal for distinguishing severe pneumonia from other causes of respiratory distress such as malaria or distinguishing bacterial pneumonia and pneumonia from others causes, such as viruses. Molecular tools could improve diagnosis and management.\ud \ud Methods\ud \ud We conducted a mass spectrometry–based proteomic study to identify and validate markers of severity in 390 Gambian children with pneumonia (n = 204) and age-, sex-, and neighborhood-matched controls (n = 186). Independent validation was conducted in 293 Kenyan children with respiratory distress (238 with pneumonia, 41 with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and 14 with both). Predictive value was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).\ud \ud Results\ud \ud Lipocalin 2 (Lpc-2) was the best protein biomarker of severe pneumonia (AUC, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, .64–.79]) and highly predictive of bacteremia (78% [64%–92%]), pneumococcal bacteremia (84% [71%–98%]), and “probable bacterial etiology” (91% [84%–98%]). These results were validated in Kenyan children with severe malaria and respiratory distress who also met the World Health Organization definition of pneumonia. The combination of Lpc-2 and haptoglobin distinguished bacterial versus malaria origin of respiratory distress with high sensitivity and specificity in Gambian children (AUC, 99% [95% confidence interval, 99%–100%]) and Kenyan children (82% [74%–91%]).\ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud Lpc-2 and haptoglobin can help discriminate the etiology of clinically defined pneumonia and could be used to improve clinical management. These biomarkers should be further evaluated in prospective clinical studies.
Published: 2016

14. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pneumonia in The Gambia: population-based surveillance and case-control studies.

Author: Mackenzie, GA, Hill, PC, Sahito, SM, Jeffries, DJ, Hossain, I, Bottomley, C, Uchendu, U, Ameh, D, Ndiaye, M, Osuorah, CD, Adeyemi, O, Pathirana, J, Olatunji, Y, Abatan, B, Ahameefula, E, Muhammad, BS, Fombah, AE, Saha, D, Mackenzie, R, Plumb, I, Akano, A, Ebruke, B, Ideh, RC, Kuti, B, Githua, P, Olutunde, E, Ofordile, O, Green, E, Usuf, E, Badji, H, Ikumapayi, UNA, Manjang, A, Salaudeen, R, Nsekpong, ED, Jarju, S, Antonio, M, Sambou, S, Ceesay, L, Lowe-Jallow, Y, Sowe, D, Jasseh, M, Mulholland, K, Knoll, M, Levine, OS, Howie, SR, Adegbola, RA, Greenwood, BM, Corrah, T, Mackenzie, GA, Hill, PC, Sahito, SM, Jeffries, DJ, Hossain, I, Bottomley, C, Uchendu, U, Ameh, D, Ndiaye, M, Osuorah, CD, Adeyemi, O, Pathirana, J, Olatunji, Y, Abatan, B, Ahameefula, E, Muhammad, BS, Fombah, AE, Saha, D, Mackenzie, R, Plumb, I, Akano, A, Ebruke, B, Ideh, RC, Kuti, B, Githua, P, Olutunde, E, Ofordile, O, Green, E, Usuf, E, Badji, H, Ikumapayi, UNA, Manjang, A, Salaudeen, R, Nsekpong, ED, Jarju, S, Antonio, M, Sambou, S, Ceesay, L, Lowe-Jallow, Y, Sowe, D, Jasseh, M, Mulholland, K, Knoll, M, Levine, OS, Howie, SR, Adegbola, RA, Greenwood, BM, and Corrah, T
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are used in many low-income countries but their impact on the incidence of pneumonia is unclear. The Gambia introduced PCV7 in August, 2009, and PCV13 in May, 2011. We aimed to measure the impact of the introduction of these vaccines on pneumonia incidence. METHODS: We did population-based surveillance and case-control studies. The primary endpoint was WHO-defined radiological pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation. Population-based surveillance was for suspected pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months (minimum age 3 months in the case-control study) between May 12, 2008, and Dec 31, 2015. Surveillance for the impact study was limited to the Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System (BHDSS), whereas surveillance for the case-control study included both the BHDSS and Fuladu West Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Nurses screened all outpatients and inpatients at all health facilities in the surveillance area using standardised criteria for referral to clinicians in Basse and Bansang. These clinicians recorded clinical findings and applied standardised criteria to identify patients with suspected pneumonia. We compared the incidence of pneumonia during the baseline period (May 12, 2008, to May 11, 2010) and the PCV13 period (Jan 1, 2014, to Dec 31, 2015). We also investigated the effectiveness of PCV13 using case-control methods between Sept 12, 2011, and Sept 31, 2014. Controls were aged 90 days or older, and were eligible to have received at least one dose of PCV13; cases had the same eligibility criteria with the addition of having WHO-defined radiological pneumonia. FINDINGS: We investigated 18 833 children with clinical pneumonia and identified 2156 cases of radiological pneumonia. Among children aged 2-11 months, the incidence of radiological pneumonia fell from 21·0 cases per 1000 person-years in the baseline period to 16·2 cases per 1000 person-years (23% decline, 95% CI 7-36) in 2014-15. In the
Published: 2017

15. Molecular characterization of invasive Enterobacteriaceae from pediatric patients in Central and Northwestern Nigeria.

Author: Duru C, Olanipekun G, Odili V, Kocmich N, Rezac A, Ajose TO, Medugu N, Umoru D, Onuchukwu C, Munir H, Jibir BW, Farouk Z, Gambo S, Hassan-Hanga F, Olaosebikan R, Ebruke B, Esimone C, and Obaro S
Subjects: Bacteremia microbiology, Child, Preschool, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Enterobacteriaceae drug effects, Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification, Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology, Evidence-Based Medicine, Female, Humans, Infant, Introduced Species, Male, Nigeria epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteremia epidemiology, Enterobacteriaceae classification, Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology, beta-Lactam Resistance
Abstract: Background: Bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality in developing countries, however, etiologic evaluation is infrequent and empiric antibiotic use not evidence-based. Here, we evaluated the patterns of ESBL resistance in children enrolled into a surveillance study for community acquired bacteremic syndromes across health facilities in Central and Northwestern Nigeria., Method: Blood culture was performed for children aged less than 5 years suspected of having sepsis from Sept 2008-Dec 2016. Blood was incubated using the BACTEC00AE system and Enterobacteriacea identified to the species level using Analytical Profile Index (API20E®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined by the disc diffusion method. Real time PCR was used to characterize genes responsible for ESBL production., Result: Of 21,000 children screened from Sept 2008-Dec 2016, 2,625(12.5%) were culture-positive. A total of 413 Enterobacteriaceae available for analysis were screened for ESBL. ESBL production was detected in 160 Enterobacteriaceae, high resistance rates were observed among ESBL-positive isolates for Ceftriaxone (92.3%), Aztreonam (96.8%), Cefpodoxime (96.3%), Cefotaxime (98.8%) and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (90%), while 87.5%, 90.7%, and 91.9% of the isolates were susceptible to Imipenem, Amikacin and Meropenem respectively. Frequently detected resistance genes were blaTEM-83.8% (134/160), and, blaCTX-M 83.1% (133/160) followed by blaSHVgenes 66.3% (106/160). Co-existence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV was seen in 94/160 (58.8%), blaCTX-M and blaTEM in 118/160 (73.8%), blaTEM and blaSHV in 97/160 (60.6%) and blaCTX-M and blaSHV in 100/160 (62.5%) of isolates tested., Conclusion: Our results indicate a high prevalence of bacteremia from ESBL Enterobacteriaceae in this population of children. These are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and careful choice of antibiotic treatment options is critical. Further studies to evaluate transmission dynamics of resistance genes could help in the reduction of ESBL resistance in these settings., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Childhood pneumonia and crowding, bed-sharing and nutrition: a case-control study from The Gambia

Author: Howie, S. R. C., primary, Schellenberg, J., additional, Chimah, O., additional, Ideh, R. C., additional, Ebruke, B. E., additional, Oluwalana, C., additional, Mackenzie, G., additional, Jallow, M., additional, Njie, M., additional, Donkor, S., additional, Dionisio, K. L., additional, Goldberg, G., additional, Fornace, K., additional, Bottomley, C., additional, Hill, P. C., additional, Grant, C. C., additional, Corrah, T., additional, Prentice, A. M., additional, Ezzati, M., additional, Greenwood, B. M., additional, Smith, P. G., additional, Adegbola, R. A., additional, and Mulholland, K., additional
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Implementation and 8-year follow-up of an uninterrupted oxygen supply system in a hospital in The Gambia

Author: Bradley, B. D., primary, Light, J. D., additional, Ebonyi, A. O., additional, N'Jai, P. C., additional, Ideh, R. C., additional, Ebruke, B. E., additional, Nyassi, E., additional, Peel, D., additional, and Howie, S. R. C., additional
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Meningococcus serogroup C clonal complex ST-10217 outbreak in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria.

Author: Kwambana-Adams BA, Amaza RC, Okoi C, Rabiu M, Worwui A, Foster-Nyarko E, Ebruke B, Sesay AK, Senghore M, Umar AS, Usman R, Atiku A, Abdullahi G, Buhari Y, Sani R, Bako HU, Abdullahi B, Yarima AI, Sikiru B, Moses AO, Popoola MO, Ekeng E, Olayinka A, Mba N, Kankia A, Mamadu IN, Okudo I, Stephen M, Ronveaux O, Busuttil J, Mwenda JM, Abdulaziz M, Gummi SA, Adedeji A, Bita A, Omar L, Djingarey MH, Alemu W, D'Alessandro U, Ihekweazu C, and Antonio M
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Meningitis, Meningococcal immunology, Meningococcal Vaccines immunology, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C immunology, Nigeria epidemiology, Serogroup, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity, Young Adult, Meningitis, Meningococcal epidemiology, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C pathogenicity
Abstract: After the successful roll out of MenAfriVac, Nigeria has experienced sequential meningitis outbreaks attributed to meningococcus serogroup C (NmC). Zamfara State in North-western Nigeria recently was at the epicentre of the largest NmC outbreak in the 21 st Century with 7,140 suspected meningitis cases and 553 deaths reported between December 2016 and May 2017. The overall attack rate was 155 per 100,000 population and children 5-14 years accounted for 47% (3,369/7,140) of suspected cases. The case fatality rate (CFR) among children 5-9 years was 10%, double that reported among adults ≥ 30 years (5%). NmC and pneumococcus accounted for 94% (172/184) and 5% (9/184) of the laboratory-confirmed cases, respectively. The sequenced NmC belonged to the ST-10217 clonal complex (CC). All serotyped pneumococci were PCV10 serotypes. The emergence of NmC ST-10217 CC outbreaks threatens the public health gains made by MenAfriVac, which calls for an urgent strategic action against meningitis outbreaks.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. The Effectiveness of Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae Type B Vaccine in The Gambia 14 Years After Introduction

Author: Howie, S. R. C., primary, Oluwalana, C., additional, Secka, O., additional, Scott, S., additional, Ideh, R. C., additional, Ebruke, B. E., additional, Balloch, A., additional, Sambou, S., additional, Erskine, J., additional, Lowe, Y., additional, Corrah, T., additional, and Adegbola, R. A., additional
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Transthoracic lung aspiration for the aetiological diagnosis of pneumonia: 25 years of experience from The Gambia [Review article]

Author: Ideh, R. C., primary, Howie, S. R. C., additional, Ebruke, B., additional, Secka, O., additional, Greenwood, B. M., additional, Adegbola, R. A., additional, and Corrah, T., additional
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on pneumonia in The Gambia: population-based surveillance and case-control studies.

Author: Mackenzie GA, Hill PC, Sahito SM, Jeffries DJ, Hossain I, Bottomley C, Uchendu U, Ameh D, Ndiaye M, Osuorah CD, Adeyemi O, Pathirana J, Olatunji Y, Abatan B, Ahameefula E, Muhammad BS, Fombah AE, Saha D, Mackenzie R, Plumb I, Akano A, Ebruke B, Ideh RC, Kuti B, Githua P, Olutunde E, Ofordile O, Green E, Usuf E, Badji H, Ikumapayi UNA, Manjang A, Salaudeen R, Nsekpong ED, Jarju S, Antonio M, Sambou S, Ceesay L, Lowe-Jallow Y, Sowe D, Jasseh M, Mulholland K, Knoll M, Levine OS, Howie SR, Adegbola RA, Greenwood BM, and Corrah T
Subjects: Gambia, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Pneumococcal Infections immunology, Radiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine administration & dosage, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal prevention & control, Population Surveillance, Vaccination methods
Abstract: Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are used in many low-income countries but their impact on the incidence of pneumonia is unclear. The Gambia introduced PCV7 in August, 2009, and PCV13 in May, 2011. We aimed to measure the impact of the introduction of these vaccines on pneumonia incidence., Methods: We did population-based surveillance and case-control studies. The primary endpoint was WHO-defined radiological pneumonia with pulmonary consolidation. Population-based surveillance was for suspected pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months (minimum age 3 months in the case-control study) between May 12, 2008, and Dec 31, 2015. Surveillance for the impact study was limited to the Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System (BHDSS), whereas surveillance for the case-control study included both the BHDSS and Fuladu West Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Nurses screened all outpatients and inpatients at all health facilities in the surveillance area using standardised criteria for referral to clinicians in Basse and Bansang. These clinicians recorded clinical findings and applied standardised criteria to identify patients with suspected pneumonia. We compared the incidence of pneumonia during the baseline period (May 12, 2008, to May 11, 2010) and the PCV13 period (Jan 1, 2014, to Dec 31, 2015). We also investigated the effectiveness of PCV13 using case-control methods between Sept 12, 2011, and Sept 31, 2014. Controls were aged 90 days or older, and were eligible to have received at least one dose of PCV13; cases had the same eligibility criteria with the addition of having WHO-defined radiological pneumonia., Findings: We investigated 18 833 children with clinical pneumonia and identified 2156 cases of radiological pneumonia. Among children aged 2-11 months, the incidence of radiological pneumonia fell from 21·0 cases per 1000 person-years in the baseline period to 16·2 cases per 1000 person-years (23% decline, 95% CI 7-36) in 2014-15. In the 12-23 month age group, radiological pneumonia decreased from 15·3 to 10·9 cases per 1000 person-years (29% decline, 12-42). In children aged 2-4 years, incidence fell from 5·2 to 4·1 cases per 1000 person-years (22% decline, 1-39). Incidence of all clinical pneumonia increased by 4% (-1 to 8), but hospitalised cases declined by 8% (3-13). Pneumococcal pneumonia declined from 2·9 to 1·2 cases per 1000 person-years (58% decline, 22-77) in children aged 2-11 months and from 2·6 to 0·7 cases per 1000 person-years (75% decline, 47-88) in children aged 12-23 months. Hypoxic pneumonia fell from 13·1 to 5·7 cases per 1000 person-years (57% decline, 42-67) in children aged 2-11 months and from 6·8 to 1·9 cases per 1000 person-years (72% decline, 58-82) in children aged 12-23 months. In the case-control study, the best estimate of the effectiveness of three doses of PCV13 against radiological pneumonia was an adjusted odds ratio of 0·57 (0·30-1·08) in children aged 3-11 months and vaccine effectiveness increased with greater numbers of doses (p=0·026). The analysis in children aged 12 months and older was underpowered because there were few unvaccinated cases and controls., Interpretation: The introduction of PCV in The Gambia was associated with a moderate impact on the incidence of radiological pneumonia, a small reduction in cases of hospitalised pneumonia, and substantial reductions of pneumococcal and hypoxic pneumonia in young children. Low-income countries that introduce PCV13 with reasonable coverage can expect modest reductions in hospitalised cases of pneumonia and a marked impact on the incidence of severe childhood pneumonia., Funding: GAVI's Pneumococcal vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and UK Medical Research Council., (Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Effect of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia: a population-based surveillance study.

Author: Mackenzie GA, Hill PC, Jeffries DJ, Hossain I, Uchendu U, Ameh D, Ndiaye M, Adeyemi O, Pathirana J, Olatunji Y, Abatan B, Muhammad BS, Fombah AE, Saha D, Plumb I, Akano A, Ebruke B, Ideh RC, Kuti B, Githua P, Olutunde E, Ofordile O, Green E, Usuf E, Badji H, Ikumapayi UNA, Manjang A, Salaudeen R, Nsekpong ED, Jarju S, Antonio M, Sambou S, Ceesay L, Lowe-Jallow Y, Jasseh M, Mulholland K, Knoll M, Levine OS, Howie SR, Adegbola RA, Greenwood BM, and Corrah T
Subjects: Child, Preschool, Female, Gambia, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Infant, Male, Pneumococcal Infections immunology, Streptococcus pneumoniae immunology, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine administration & dosage, Pneumococcal Infections prevention & control, Pneumococcal Vaccines administration & dosage, Population Surveillance, Vaccination methods, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology
Abstract: Background: Little information is available about the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in low-income countries. We measured the effect of these vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in The Gambia where the 7-valent vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in August, 2009, followed by the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) in May, 2011., Methods: We conducted population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease in individuals aged 2 months and older who were residents of the Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System (BHDSS) in the Upper River Region, The Gambia, using standardised criteria to identify and investigate patients. Surveillance was done between May, 2008, and December, 2014. We compared the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease between baseline (May 12, 2008-May 11, 2010) and after the introduction of PCV13 (Jan 1, 2013-Dec 31, 2014), adjusting for changes in case ascertainment over time., Findings: We investigated 14 650 patients, in whom we identified 320 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease. Compared with baseline, after the introduction of the PCV programme, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease decreased by 55% (95% CI 30-71) in the 2-23 months age group, from 253 to 113 per 100 000 population. This decrease was due to an 82% (95% CI 64-91) reduction in serotypes covered by the PCV13 vaccine. In the 2-4 years age group, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease decreased by 56% (95% CI 25-75), from 113 to 49 cases per 100 000, with a 68% (95% CI 39-83) reduction in PCV13 serotypes. The incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes in children aged 2-59 months increased by 47% (-21 to 275) from 28 to 41 per 100 000, with a broad range of serotypes. The incidence of non-pneumococcal bacteraemia varied little over time., Interpretation: The Gambian PCV programme reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged 2-59 months by around 55%. Further surveillance is needed to ascertain the maximum effect of the vaccine in the 2-4 years and older age groups, and to monitor serotype replacement. Low-income and middle-income countries that introduce PCV13 can expect substantial reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease., Funding: GAVI's Pneumococcal vaccines Accelerated Development and Introduction Plan (PneumoADIP), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the UK Medical Research Council., (Copyright © 2016 Mackenzie et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Discovery and validation of biomarkers to guide clinical management of pneumonia in African children.

Author: Huang H, Ideh RC, Gitau E, Thézénas ML, Jallow M, Ebruke B, Chimah O, Oluwalana C, Karanja H, Mackenzie G, Adegbola RA, Kwiatkowski D, Kessler BM, Berkley JA, Howie SR, and Casals-Pascual C
Subjects: Acute-Phase Proteins, Area Under Curve, Biomarkers blood, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Female, Gambia, Haptoglobins metabolism, Humans, Infant, Kenya, Lipocalin-2, Malaria, Falciparum complications, Male, Mass Spectrometry, Pneumonia, Bacterial diagnosis, Pneumonia, Bacterial therapy, Predictive Value of Tests, Proteomics, ROC Curve, Respiratory Insufficiency diagnosis, Respiratory Insufficiency parasitology, von Willebrand Factor metabolism, Lipocalins blood, Pneumonia, Bacterial blood, Proto-Oncogene Proteins blood, Respiratory Insufficiency blood, Severity of Illness Index
Abstract: Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children globally. Clinical algorithms remain suboptimal for distinguishing severe pneumonia from other causes of respiratory distress such as malaria or distinguishing bacterial pneumonia and pneumonia from others causes, such as viruses. Molecular tools could improve diagnosis and management., Methods: We conducted a mass spectrometry-based proteomic study to identify and validate markers of severity in 390 Gambian children with pneumonia (n = 204) and age-, sex-, and neighborhood-matched controls (n = 186). Independent validation was conducted in 293 Kenyan children with respiratory distress (238 with pneumonia, 41 with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and 14 with both). Predictive value was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)., Results: Lipocalin 2 (Lpc-2) was the best protein biomarker of severe pneumonia (AUC, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, .64-.79]) and highly predictive of bacteremia (78% [64%-92%]), pneumococcal bacteremia (84% [71%-98%]), and "probable bacterial etiology" (91% [84%-98%]). These results were validated in Kenyan children with severe malaria and respiratory distress who also met the World Health Organization definition of pneumonia. The combination of Lpc-2 and haptoglobin distinguished bacterial versus malaria origin of respiratory distress with high sensitivity and specificity in Gambian children (AUC, 99% [95% confidence interval, 99%-100%]) and Kenyan children (82% [74%-91%])., Conclusions: Lpc-2 and haptoglobin can help discriminate the etiology of clinically defined pneumonia and could be used to improve clinical management. These biomarkers should be further evaluated in prospective clinical studies., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in The Gambia 14 years after introduction of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine immunization.

Author: Oluwalana C, Howie SR, Secka O, Ideh RC, Ebruke B, Sambou S, Erskine J, Lowe Y, Corrah T, and Adegbola RA
Subjects: Bacterial Capsules immunology, Female, Gambia epidemiology, Haemophilus Vaccines immunology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Meningitis, Haemophilus prevention & control, Vaccines, Conjugate administration & dosage, Vaccines, Conjugate immunology, Haemophilus Vaccines administration & dosage, Haemophilus influenzae type b immunology, Meningitis, Haemophilus epidemiology
Abstract: Objective: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine was first introduced in Africa in The Gambia in 1997 as a primary 3-dose course in infancy with no booster, and was followed by the disappearance of invasive Hib disease by 2002. A cluster of cases detected non-systematically in post-infant children in 2005-2006 raised the question of the need for a booster dose. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of invasive Hib disease in Gambian children 14 years after the introduction of Hib conjugate vaccine., Study Design: This hospital-based clinical and microbiological Hib disease surveillance in 3 hospitals in the western region of The Gambia was undertaken between October 2007 and December 2010 applying the same methods used in a previous Hib vaccine effectiveness study in 1997-2002., Results: The annual incidences of Hib meningitis and all invasive Hib disease in children aged <5 years remained below 5 cases per 100,000 children during 2008-2010. The median age of patients with any invasive Hib disease was 5 months., Conclusion: Hib conjugate vaccination as a primary 3-dose course in The Gambia remains highly effective in controlling invasive Hib disease, and current data do not support the introduction of a booster dose., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Mosby, Inc.)
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Serotype analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in lung and nasopharyngeal aspirates from children in the Gambia by MassTag PCR.

Author: Tokarz R, Briese T, Morris G, Ideh R, Chimah O, Ebruke B, Desai A, Haq S, Sameroff S, Howie SR, and Lipkin WI
Subjects: Child, Preschool, Gambia epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal microbiology, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification, Lung microbiology, Molecular Typing, Nasopharynx microbiology, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Serotyping, Streptococcus pneumoniae classification
Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae strains comprise >90 serotypes. Here we describe establishment of a MassTag PCR assay designed to serotype S. pneumoniae and demonstrate its utility in tests using 31 paired lung aspirate and nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children with pneumonia in the Gambia. Serotypes 1, 5, and 14 in were implicated in 90% of lung infections. With 5 exceptions, serotypes found in lung aspirates were also found in nasopharyngeal aspirates.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. The exposure of infants and children to carbon monoxide from biomass fuels in The Gambia: a measurement and modeling study.

Author: Dionisio KL, Howie SR, Dominici F, Fornace KM, Spengler JD, Donkor S, Chimah O, Oluwalana C, Ideh RC, Ebruke B, Adegbola RA, and Ezzati M
Subjects: Air Pollutants adverse effects, Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects, Biofuels adverse effects, Biomass, Carbon Monoxide adverse effects, Child, Preschool, Cooking, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Environmental Monitoring methods, Gambia, Humans, Linear Models, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Particulate Matter analysis, Pneumonia etiology, Seasons, Smoke analysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Biofuels analysis, Carbon Monoxide analysis, Environmental Exposure analysis
Abstract: Smoke from biomass fuels is a risk factor for pneumonia, the leading cause of child death worldwide. Although particulate matter (PM) is the metric of choice for studying the health effects of biomass smoke, measuring children's PM exposure is difficult. Carbon monoxide (CO), which is easier to measure, can be used as a proxy for PM exposure. We measured the exposure of children ≤ 5 years of age in The Gambia to CO using small, passive, color stain diffusion tubes. We conducted multiple CO measurements on a subset of children to measure day-to-day exposure variability. Usual CO exposure was modeled using a mixed effects model, which also included individual and household level exposure predictors. Mean measured CO exposure for 1181 children (n=2263 measurements) was 1.04 ± 1.46 p.p.m., indicating that the Gambian children in this study on average have a relatively low CO exposure. However, 25% of children had exposures of 1.3 p.p.m. or higher. CO exposure was higher during the rainy months (1.33 ± 1.62 p.p.m.). Burning insect coils, using charcoal, and measurement done in the rainy season were associated with higher exposure. A parsimonious model with fuel, season, and other PM sources as covariates explained 39% of between-child variation in exposure and helped remove within-child variability.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Etiologic Profile of the Pneumococcus in Ghana: A Systematic Review.

Author: Arhin, Reuben E., Donkor, Eric S., Slotved, Hans-Christian, Kotey, Fleischer C. N., Dayie, Nicholas T. K. D., and Russomando, Graciela
Subjects: STREPTOCOCCAL disease diagnosis, PNEUMONIA diagnosis, OTITIS media, BACTERIAL meningitis, SICKLE cell anemia, SEROTYPING, HEALTH status indicators, HIV infections, AGE distribution, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, STREPTOCOCCAL diseases, ONLINE information services, GENOTYPES
Abstract: Objective: To describe the profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae, identify research gaps, and provide in‐depth insights into various aspects related to the pathogen. Methods: Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were searched for all studies on the pneumococcus in Ghana that reported on specimen collected, population and sample size, carriage prevalence, incidence of pneumococcal diseases, age of the study population, types of test performed, serotypes identified, antimicrobial susceptibilities, or molecular analysis on the pneumococci for data extraction. Results: Overall, a total of 7954 results were obtained from the three‐database search, and of this, 24 articles were selected after screening. A total of 924 isolates were accounted for by serotyping/serogrouping. The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in Ghana ranges from 11.0% to 51.4% in the population depending on the age (≤ 24–80 years), sickle cell disease (SCD), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, or health of the study population, and penicillin (Pen)‐nonsusceptible isolates ranged from 17% to 63%. The prevalence of pneumococci found as the etiologic agent of diseases among Ghanaians ranges from 3.4% for otitis media to 77.7% for meningitis. Overall, the 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (PCV‐13) carriage serotypes accounted for 28.4% of the reported pneumococcal isolates. PCV‐13 invasive serotypes accounted for 22.4% of the reported isolates. The non‐PCV‐13 carriage serotypes accounted for most (43.9%) of the reported isolates. In the pre‐PCV‐13 era, the nontypeable (NT) (5.5%) and other nonvaccine types (NVTs) (6.4%) were reported as being predominant. The non‐PCV‐13 serotypes accounted for 4.4% of the reported isolates in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases. Multidrug resistance (MDR) ranged from 7.8% to 100%. Conclusion: Predicting the invasiveness of pneumococci using molecular typing is the way to go in the future as this will provide answers to the extent to which capsular switching is contributing to the pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana almost a decade after introducing PCV‐13. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns at both phenotypic and genotypic levels, along with serotyping and molecular typing, should be a standard practice in the surveillance of pneumococcal disease burden in Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Neonatal intracranial pathologies on ultrasound imaging in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author: Loucaides EM, Yan G, Elliott J, Duckworth E, MacLeod R, Katongole F, Okot W, Senyonga R, Hagmann CF, Cowan FM, Opondo C, and Tann CJ
Abstract: Annually, 30 million children are affected by newborn conditions, most in low-income countries, with long-term implications for survivors. We aimed to evaluate neonatal intracranial pathologies identifiable on cranial ultrasound (CUS) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the spectrum of neonatal intracranial pathology, in nine databases, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Systematic Review Tools. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022309249). In total, 92 studies from 14 countries were identified, with South Africa (34%) and Nigeria (28%) most represented. Of these, 38 (42%) focused on intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 13 (14%) on congenital brain anomalies, 11 (12%) on intracranial infection, 9 (10%) on ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, and 7 (8%) on neonatal encephalopathy. IVH pooled prevalence was 29% (CI 23-35%), with a quarter high-grade (24%, CI 20-29%). Higher prevalence was seen at lower gestation (<32 weeks, 38% (CI 26-50%)) and birthweight (<1500 g, 32% (CI 24-40%)). Periventricular leukomalacia was less common than IVH (9% (CI 6-13%)). A spectrum of intracranial pathology has been reported on neonatal CUS from SSA. IVH affected close to one third of at-risk neonates, and PVL one in eleven, with potentially important implications for longer term outcomes for affected children. IMPACT: Newborn conditions, like prematurity and neonatal encephalopathy, are leading causes of under-5 child mortality, with the greatest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Intracranial pathologies relating to newborn conditions, may have important long-term consequences, yet frequently go undetected in settings with limited access to imaging. We examined the spectrum and prevalence of different neonatal intracranial pathologies detectable on cranial ultrasound imaging from the sub-Saharan Africa region. A wide spectrum of intracranial pathology was reported, including a high prevalence of intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia among small and preterm neonates, with potential important implications for childhood outcomes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.)
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Antibacterial Resistance Genes Frequently Detected in Nigeria.

Author: Mshelia, M. B., Zenoh, D. A., Fasogbon, I. V., Micheal N. Y., Obi C., Adam, M., and Nuhu T.
Subjects: KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, BACTERIAL diseases, DRUG resistance in bacteria, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, ESCHERICHIA coli
Abstract: The emergence and reemergence of antibacterial resistance has made it more difficult for a choice of effective antibiotics that treat bacterial infections. Bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial agents are usually spread from person to person, or from non-human sources in the environment. These non-human sources could aid in the spread of resistant genes as well as resistant pathogens. Systematic review was conducted in accordance to the guideline of PRISMA, 55 relevant literatures from the 152 searched were identified from PubMed, Google Scholar and AJOL using related specific search terms. Only studies carried out or related to Nigeria from January, 2000 to August, 2022. All data obtained from the reviewed articles were presented in percentages using MS Excel 2013. The most prevalent antibacterial genes were blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM with the prevalence of 2.77%; sul1 and tetA with the prevalence rate of 2.31%; tetM with the prevalence rate of 2.08%; and blaCTX-M, blaSHV, mecA, sul2 and tetB having a prevalence of 1.85%. The sources from which these resistance genes were identified are humans (55.7%) and non-humans (44.3%). The most prevalent bacteria harboring these resistant genes were Escherichia coli (13.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.66%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.03%). Antibiotics resistance has continued to threaten the success of modern medicine, with more resistance strains emerging constantly. The wide distribution of antibacterial resistance genes in non-human sources makes them reservoirs of these resistant genes which have the potential of being transferred from commensal microorganisms to human pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella Species Isolates from Chickens in Live Bird Markets and Boot Swabs from Layer Farms in Timor-Leste.

Author: Pereira, Abrao, Sidjabat, Hanna E., Davis, Steven, Vong da Silva, Paulo Gabriel, Alves, Amalia, Dos Santos, Cristibela, Jong, Joanita Bendita da Costa, da Conceição, Felisiano, Felipe, Natalino de Jesus, Ximenes, Augusta, Nunes, Junilia, Fária, Isménia do Rosário, Lopes, Isabel, Barnes, Tamsin S., McKenzie, Joanna, Oakley, Tessa, Francis, Joshua R., Yan, Jennifer, and Ting, Shawn
Subjects: DRUG resistance in microorganisms, ESCHERICHIA coli, SALMONELLA, DISC diffusion tests (Microbiology), CHICKENS, CHICKEN industry, BETA lactamases, MOLTING
Abstract: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, and high levels of resistance have been detected in chicken populations worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy chickens in Timor-Leste. Through a cross-sectional study, cloacal swabs and boot swabs were collected from 25 live bird markets and two layer farms respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. from these samples were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobials using a disk diffusion test, and a subset was tested for susceptibility to 27 antimicrobials using broth-based microdilution. E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolates showed the highest resistance towards either tetracycline or ampicillin on the disk diffusion test. E. coli from layer farms (odds ratio:5.2; 95%CI 2.0–13.1) and broilers (odds ratio:18.1; 95%CI 5.3–61.2) were more likely to be multi-drug resistant than those from local chickens. Based on the broth-based microdilution test, resistance to antimicrobials in the Timor-Leste Antimicrobial Guidelines for humans were low, except for resistance to ciprofloxacin in Salmonella spp. (47.1%). Colistin resistance in E. coli was 6.6%. Although this study shows that antimicrobial resistance in chickens was generally low in Timor-Leste, there should be ongoing monitoring in commercial chickens as industry growth might be accompanied with increased antimicrobial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Zinc deficiency enhances sensitivity to influenza A associated bacterial pneumonia in mice.

Author: Gopal, Radha, Tutuncuoglu, Egemen, Bakalov, Veli, Wasserloos, Karla, Li, HuiHua, Lemley, David, DeVito, Louis J., Constantinesco, Nicholas J., Reed, Douglas S., McHugh, Kevin J., Chinnappan, Baskaran, Andreas, Alexis R., Maloy, Abigail, Bain, Daniel, Alcorn, John F., Pitt, Bruce R., and Kaynar, Ata Murat
Subjects: INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY infections, ZINC, PNEUMONIA, RESPIRATORY diseases
Abstract: Although zinc deficiency (secondary to malnutrition) has long been considered an important contributor to morbidity and mortality of infectious disease (e.g. diarrhea disorders), epidemiologic data (including randomized controlled trials with supplemental zinc) for such a role in lower respiratory tract infection are somewhat ambiguous. In the current study, we provide the first preclinical evidence demonstrating that although diet‐induced acute zinc deficiency (Zn‐D: ~50% decrease) did not worsen infection induced by either influenza A (H1N1) or methicillin‐resistant staph aureus (MRSA), Zn‐D mice were sensitive to the injurious effects of superinfection of H1N1 with MRSA. Although the mechanism underlying the sensitivity of ZnD mice to combined H1N1/MRSA infection is unclear, it was noteworthy that this combination exacerbated lung injury as shown by lung epithelial injury markers (increased BAL protein) and decreased genes related to epithelial integrity in Zn‐D mice (surfactant protein C and secretoglobins family 1A member 1). As bacterial pneumonia accounts for 25%–50% of morbidity and mortality from influenza A infection, zinc deficiency may be an important pathology component of respiratory tract infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Comparison of DNA concentration and bacterial pathogen PCR detection when using two DNA extraction kits for nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples.

Author: Khan, Dam, Thomas, Shola-Able, Tientcheu, Peggy-Estelle, Suso, Sambou M. S., Dupont, Christopher, Kwambana-Adams, Brenda, Mohammed, Nuredin Ibrahim, Nicol, Mark P., and Antonio, Martin
Subjects: BACTERIAL DNA, POLYMERASE chain reaction, BLAND-Altman plot, PATHOGENIC microorganisms, GRAM-negative bacteria
Abstract: Introduction: Several important human pathogens that cause life-threatening infections are asymptomatically carried in the Nasopharynx/Oropharynx (NP/OP). DNA extraction is a prerequisite for most culture-independent techniques used to identify pathogens in the NP/OP. However, components of DNA extraction kits differ thereby giving rise to differences in performance. We compared the DNA concentration and the detection of three pathogens in the NP/OP using the discontinued DNeasy PowerSoil Kit (Kit DP) and the DNeasy PowerLyzer PowerSoil Kit (Kit DPP). Methods: DNA was extracted from the same set of 103 NP/OP samples using the two kits. DNA concentration was measured using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer. Real-time Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done using the QuantStudio 7-flex system to detect three pathogens: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis. Bland-Altman statistics and plots were used to determine the threshold cycle (Ct) value agreement for the two kits. Results: The average DNA concentration from kit DPP was higher than Kit DP; 1235.6 ng/ml (SD = 1368.3) vs 884.9 ng/ml (SD = 1095.3), p = 0.002. Using a Ct value cutoff of 40 for positivity, the concordance for the presence of S. pneumoniae was 82% (84/102); 94%(96/103) for N. meningitidis and 92%(95/103) for H. influenzae. Kit DP proportionately resulted in higher Ct values than Kit DPP for all pathogens. The Ct value bias of measurement for S. pneumoniae was +2.4 (95% CI, 1.9–3.0), +1.4 (95% CI, 0.9–1.9) for N. meningitidis and +1.4 (95% CI, 0.2–2.5) for H. influenzae. Conclusion: The higher DNA concentration obtained using kit DPP could increase the chances of recovering low abundant bacteria. The PCR results were reproducible for more than 90% of the samples for the gram-negative H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Ct value variations of the kits must be taken into consideration when comparing studies that have used the two kits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Hydrocarbon Stapling-Improved Coupled Folding-Upon-Binding of Peptide-Mediated Interaction between the Nucleocapsid and Phosphoprotein of Human Orthopneumovirus.

Author: Shen, Jianqiang, Chen, Meiyuan, Chen, Jianqin, Wu, Jiangang, Shen, Yan, Chen, Yumei, and Wang, Zhaohui
Subjects: PEPTIDES, BIOTIC communities, HYDROCARBONS, MEMBRANE fusion, C-peptide, NUCLEOPROTEINS
Abstract: Human orthopneumovirus (OPV) is a common respiratory virus that mostly causes respiratory illness in children. Development of therapeutic strategies to treat OPV infection has attracted considerable interest in the medicinal and biological communities. Over the past decades, significant effects have been addressed on disrupting membrane fusion events by targeting viral fusogenic glycoprotein (F-protein) with chemical small-molecule fusion inhibitors. Here, we focus on the rational design of biologic peptide inhibitors to disrupt the peptide-mediated interaction (PMI) between phosphoprotein (P-protein) and nucleoprotein (N-protein) involved in OPV genomic ribonucleoprotein complex. It is revealed that the core 9-mer peptide segment (C-peptide) derived from the C-terminal tail of P-protein is intrinsically disordered in an unbound state but would be structured into an ordered helical conformation when bound to N-protein, representing a biophysical process known as coupled folding-upon-binding. We demonstrated that the process is a compromise between the favorable enthalpy contribution and unfavorable entropy penalty, thus rendering the weak and transient nature of PMI, which could therefore be readily disrupted by competitive agents. Hydrocarbon stapling strategy was used to constrain the helical conformation of C-peptide in an unbound state by chemically introducing an all-hydrocarbon bridge spanning two [ i , i + 4 ] residues of C-peptide. The stapling is observed to considerably enhance the helical propensity of peptide in an unbound state and to effectively improve the binding affinity of peptide to N-protein. Structural modeling analysis suggests that the stapled counterparts can bind to the active site of N-protein in a similar mode with unstapled C-peptide, where the stapled peptide is folded into a helical-like conformation, its anchor residue Phe241 deeply roots in a small druggable pocket of the active site, and the all-hydrocarbon bridge, as designed, is out of N–C complex interface to avoid disrupting the complex interaction. The peptide-mediated interaction between OPV P-protein and N-protein is investigated systematically at structural, energetic and dynamic levels. A C-peptide is derived from the C-terminal tail of P-protein, which exhibits decreased disorder in free state and increased affinity to N-protein upon hydrocarbon stapling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Identifying Risk Factors for Aspiration in Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Author: Zhao, Tianming, Zhang, Yi, Wang, Kun, Yu, Huan, Lin, Lianjun, Qin, Xueying, Wu, Tao, Chen, Dafang, Wu, Yiqun, and Hu, Yonghua
Abstract: Background. Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is difficult to diagnose and has poor outcomes. This case-control study aimed to explore the risk factors and delineate the antibiotic usage for AP. Methods. Inpatients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) from 2013 to 2017, enrolled in the urban employee basic medical insurance program in Beijing, were included and classified into the AP (N = 2,885) and non-AP (N = 53,825) groups. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression. Results. Older age (compared to 18–64 years, OR for 65–79 years: 4.3, 95% CI: 3.8–4.9; OR for >80 years: 6.3, 95% CI: 5.6–7.2), male (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3–1.5), cerebrovascular disease (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.8–3.5), dementia (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8–2.1), vomiting (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2–1.7), Parkinson's disease (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.8–2.4), and epilepsy (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.8–3.7) were associated with an increased risk of AP. 92.8% of the AP patients received antibiotic therapy. Among them, patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, antibiotics for injection, and combined antibiotics accounted for 93.3%, 97.9%, and 81.7%, respectively. Conclusions. Older age, male, and several comorbidities were independent risk factors for AP, and combined antibiotics treatments are common, which merits attention in accurate detection of AP in a high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Evaluation of Plasma Lipocalin-2 as a Predictor of Etiology and Severity in Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Author: Boix-Palop, Lucía, Vergara, Andrea, Padilla, Emma, Martínez, Diego, Blanco, Ana, Pérez, Josefa, Calbo, Esther, Vila, Jordi, and Casals-Pascual, Climent
Subjects: COMMUNITY-acquired pneumonia, LIPOCALIN-2, LEUCOCYTES, ETIOLOGY of diseases, ADULTS
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of plasma Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) concentration in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to determine its etiology, severity and prognosis. A prospective observational study involving adults with CAP from November 2015 to May 2017 was conducted. Plasma LCN2 concentration was measured upon admission by a modified enzyme immunoassay coupled with chemiluminescence (Architect, Abbott Laboratories). The diagnostic performance of LCN2, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell to predict bacterial CAP was assessed. A total of 130 patients with CAP were included: 71 (54.6%) bacterial CAP, 42 (32.3%) unknown origin CAP and 17 (13.1%) viral CAP. LCN2 was higher in bacterial CAP than in non-bacterial CAP (122.0 vs. 89.7 ng/mL, respectively) (p = 0.03) with a limited ability to distinguish bacterial and non-bacterial CAP (AUROC: 0.62 [95% CI 0.52–0.72]). The LCN2 cutoff ≥ 204 ng/mL predicted the presence of pneumococcal bacteremia with an AUROC of 0.74 (sensitivity 70%, specificity 79.1%). Regarding severity, as defined by CURB-65 and PSI scores, there was a significant linear trend in the mean concentration of LCN2, exhibiting a shift from the low-risk to the intermediate-risk and high-risk group (p < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). LCN2 concentration was associated with severity in adult patients with CAP. However, its utility as a biomarker to discriminate viral and bacterial etiology in CAP is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Citrus limon phytocompounds decorated nanoparticles control poultry pathogens.

Author: Srividhyaa, K., Ranjani, S., and Hemalatha, S.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to the global health, food security, and environment. In poultry and livestock, antibiotics are beneficial since they improve poultry performance and are economically effective. Therefore, it is crucial to search for alternatives that can be environmentally safe and successful in treating these infections. In this study, we employed molecular docking to evaluate lemon peel phytochemical’s protein binding capability against various poultry pathogens. The nanoparticles (LP AgNPs) obtained from the lemon peel were characterized and tested for their antibacterial activity against more poultry pathogens. LP AgNPs were characterized by using UV–Visible absorption spectra, which revealed an absorption peak at a wavelength of 420–440 nm. The FT–IR analysis demonstrated that flavonoids and phenolic acids acted as capping, reducing, and stabilizing agents during the biosynthesis of AgNPs. EDAX showed a strong peak was observed at 3 keV which revealed the absorption of metallic silver nanoparticles. The mean diameter was from 2 to 20 nm through HRTEM. Zeta potential of the LP AgNps at − 17.2 mV showed the high stability of the green synthesized AgNps. Maximum inhibitory concentrations of LP AgNps against the isolated poultry pathogens were 50 μg/ml concentration. The toxicity tests were performed in the Vigna radiata seedlings and Artemia nauplii, which showed less toxic effects and eco-friendly nature of the LP AgNps. LP AgNps have the potential to treat antibiotic resistant poultry pathogens, thereby paving the way for the development of value-added novel products incorporated with nanoparticles for treating various infection caused by antibiotic-resistant poultry pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Natural Ingredients to Improve Immunity.

Author: Gasmi, Amin, Shanaida, Mariia, Oleshchuk, Oleksandra, Semenova, Yuliya, Mujawdiya, Pavan Kumar, Ivankiv, Yana, Pokryshko, Olena, Noor, Sadaf, Piscopo, Salva, Adamiv, Stepan, and Bjørklund, Geir
Subjects: PREBIOTICS, KILLER cells, IMMUNITY, FOLIC acid, VITAMIN D, VITAMIN C, PROBIOTICS, VITAMINS
Abstract: The immune system protects the body from infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Once encountered with pathogens or antigens, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system trigger a strong immune response to eliminate them from the system and protect the body. Thus, well-balanced immunity is pivotal for maintaining human health, as an insufficient level of immune defense leads to infections and tumors. In contrast, the excessive functioning of the immune system causes the development of autoimmune diseases and allergies. Strong immunity requires adequate nutrition, dietary interventions, and sufficient intake of certain vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin D, and folic acid) and minerals (magnesium, zinc, and selenium). Therefore, nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies lead to compromised immunity. Several natural ingredients have shown potent immunomodulatory properties. The immune-enhancing properties of many plants and fungi are due to containing bioactive phytoconstituents such as polyphenols, terpenoids, β-glucans, vitamins, etc. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as innovative tools to reduce intestinal inflammation and downregulate hypersensitivity reactions. Plant sources of melatonin, a multifunctional molecule with proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, have been discovered relatively recently. The bioactive compounds augment the immune response by directly increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Many phytoconstituents prevent cell damage due to their powerful antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present review attempts to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune-enhancing properties of some bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, and other natural sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation On Resolution Of Symptoms In Pediatric Pneumonia.

Author: Fayyaz, Madiha, Sial, Zartasha, Raheel, Anam, Jamshed, Muqaddas, Ashraf, Mahreen, and Zahid, Sehar
Subjects: CHILD patients, GROUP psychotherapy, TEACHING hospitals, AGE groups, SATISFACTION
Abstract: Objective: To compare the mean duration of resolution of pneumonia in pediatric patients (from 2 months to five years) using zinc as an adjuvant therapy to those receiving only standard treatment of pneumonia. Methods: It is a randomized control trial that has been carried out at the Department of Pediatrics, Hameed Latif Teaching Hospital, Lahore. The study involved 60 children (30 in each group), within the age bracket of 2 months to 5 years. Informed written consent was obtained from parents. Children were randomly divided by using the lottery method into groups "A" and "B". Group A received zinc supplementation as adjuvant therapy in addition to age-appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Group B received age-appropriate antimicrobial therapy only. The duration of the resolution of pneumonia was recorded from the commencement of therapy until the resolution of symptoms. Results: The mean age of all the children was 2.75 ± 1.40 years. The mean age of cases in group A was 2.87 ± 1.41 years and the mean age of cases in group B was 2.63 ± 1.40 years. There were 16(53.33%) male cases and 14(46.67%) female cases in group A. In group B there were 18(60%) male and 12(40%) female cases. The mean duration of recovery time in group A was 3.80 ± 0.66 days and the mean duration of recovery in group B was 6.30 ± 0.75 days. The mean duration of recovery time was statistically less in group A as compared to group B, p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: We conclude that the mean duration of resolution of pneumonia in patients under five years of age was significantly less in the zinc group as an adjuvant therapy when compared with those receiving only standard treatment of pneumonia. Hence, adding zinc can reduce the hospital stay which will surely reduce the related cost while enhancing parents' and physicians' satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024

39. Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

Author: Di Pasquale, Marta Francesca, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Gramegna, Andrea, Radovanovic, Dejan, Terraneo, Silvia, Reyes, Luis F, Rupp, Jan, González del Castillo, Juan, Blasi, Francesco, Aliberti, Stefano, Restrepo, Marcos I, Aruj, Patricia Karina, Attorri, Silvia, Barimboim, Enrique, Caeiro, Juan Pablo, Garzón, María I, Cambursano, Victor Hugo, Cazaux, A, Ceccato, Adrian, Chertcoff, Julio, Lascar, Florencia, Tulio, Fernando Di, Díaz, Ariel Cordon, de Vedia, Lautaro, Ganaha, Maria Cristina, Lambert, Sandra, Lopardo, Gustavo, Luna, Carlos M, Malberti, Alessio Gerardo, Morcillo, Nora, Tartara, Silvina, Cetrangolo, Antonio A, Pensotti, Claudia, Pereyra, Betiana, Scapellato, Pablo Gustavo, Stagnaro, Juan Pablo, Shah, Sonali, Lötsch, Felix, Thalhammer, Florian, Anseeuw, Kurt, Francois, Camille A, Van Braeckel, Eva, Vincent, Jean Louis, Djimon, Marcel Zannou, Bashi, Jules, Dodo, Roger, Nouér, Simone Aranha, Chipev, Peter, Encheva, Milena, Miteva, Darina, Petkova, Diana, Balkissou, Adamou Dodo, Yone, Eric Walter Pefura, Ngahane, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou, Shen, Ning, Xu, Jin-fu, Rico, Carlos Andres Bustamante, Buitrago, Ricardo, Paternina, Fernando Jose Pereira, Ntumba, Jean-Marie Kayembe, Carevic, Vesna Vladic, Jakopovic, Marko, Jankovic, Mateja, Matkovic, Zinka, Mitrecic, Ivan, Jacobsson, Marie-Laure Bouchy, Christensen, Anette Bro, Bødtger, Uffe Christian Heitmann, Meyer, Christian Niels, Jensen, Andreas Vestergaard, Baunbæk-Knudsen, Gertrud, Petersen, Pelle Trier, Andersen, Stine, El-Wahhab, Ibrahim El-Said Abd, Morsy, Nesreen Elsayed, Shafiek, Hanaa, Sobh, Eman, Abdulsemed, Kedir Abdella, Bertrand, Fabrice, Brun-Buisson, Christian, de Montmollin, Etienne, Fartoukh, Muriel, Messika, Jonathan, Tattevin, Pierre, Khoury, Abdo, Ebruke, Bernard, Dreher, Michael, Kolditz, Martin, Meisinger, Matthias, Niederlausitz, Klinikum, Pletz, Mathias W, Hagel, Stefan, Schaberg, Tom, Spielmanns, Marc, Creutz, Petra, Suttorp, Norton, Siaw-Lartey, Beatrice, Dimakou, Katerina, Papapetrou, Dimosthenis, Tsigou, Evdoxia, Ampazis, Dimitrios, Kaimakamis, Evangelos, Bhatia, Mohit, Dhar, Raja, D’Souza, George, Garg, Rajiv, Koul, Parvaiz A, Mahesh, P A, Jayaraj, B S, Narayan, Kiran Vishnu, Udnur, Hirennappa B, Krishnamurthy, Shashi Bhaskara, Kant, Surya, Swarnakar, Rajesh, Limaye, Sneha, Salvi, Sundeep, Golshani, Keihan, Keatings, Vera M, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maor, Yasmin, Strahilevitz, Jacob, Battaglia, Salvatore, Carrabba, Maria, Ceriana, Piero, Confalonieri, Marco, Monforte, Antonella d’Arminio, Prato, Bruno Del, Rosa, Marino De, Fantini, Riccardo, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Gammino, Maria Antonia, Menzella, Francesco, Milani, Giuseppe, Nava, Stefano, Palmiero, Gerardo, Petrino, Roberta, Gabrielli, Barbra, Rossi, Paolo, Sorino, Claudio, Steinhilber, Gundi, Zanforlin, Alessandro, Franzetti, Fabio, Carugati, Manuela, Morosi, Manuela, Monge, Elisa, Carone, Mauro, Patella, Vincenzo, Scarlata, Simone, Comel, Andrea, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Bacha, Zeina Aoun, Ugalde, Daniel Barajas, Zuñiga, Omar Ceballos, Villegas, José F, Medenica, Milic, van de Garde, E M W, Mihsra, Deebya Raj, Shrestha, Poojan, Ridgeon, Elliott, Awokola, Babatunde Ishola, Nwankwo, Ogonna N O, Olufunlola, Adefuye Bolanle, Olumide, Segaolu, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Irfan, Muhammad, Minarowski, Lukasz, Szymon, Skoczyński, Froes, Felipe, Leuschner, Pedro, Meireles, Mariana, Ferrão, Cláudia, Neves, João, Ravara, Sofia B, Brocovschii, Victoria, Ion, Chesov, Rusu, Doina, Toma, Cristina, Chirita, Daniela, Dorobat, Carmen Mihaela, Birkun, Alexei, Kaluzhenina, Anna, Almotairi, Abdullah, Bukhary, Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali, Edathodu, Jameela, Fathy, Amal, Enani, Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz, Mohamed, Nazik Eltayeb, Memon, Jawed Ulhadi, Bella, Abdelhaleem, Bogdanović, Nada, Milenkovic, Branislava, Pesut, Dragica, Borderìas, Luis, Garcia, Noel Manuel Bordon, Alarcón, Hugo Cabello, Cilloniz, Catia, Torres, Antoni, Diaz-Brito, Vicens, Casas, Xavier, González, Alicia Encabo, Fernández-Almira, Maria Luisa, Gallego, Miguel, Gaspar-GarcÍa, Inmaculada, del Castillo, Juan González, Victoria, Patricia Javaloyes, Martínez, Elena Laserna, de Molina, Rosa Malo, Marcos, Pedro J, Menéndez, Rosario, Pando-Sandoval, Ana, Aymerich, Cristina Prat, de la Torre, Alicia Lacoma, García-Olivé, Ignasi, Rello, Jordi, Moyano, Silvia, Sanz, Francisco, Sibila, Oriol, Rodrigo-Troyano, Ana, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Uranga, Ane, van Boven, Job F M, Torra, Ester Vendrell, Pujol, Jordi Almirall, Feldman, Charles, Yum, Ho Kee, Fiogbe, Arnauld Attannon, Yangui, Ferdaous, Bilaceroglu, Semra, Dalar, Levent, Yilmaz, Ufuk, Bogomolov, Artemii, Elahi, Naheed, Dhasmana, Devesh J, Feneley, Andrew, Ions, Rhiannon, Skeemer, Julie, Woltmann, Gerrit, Hancock, Carole, Hill, Adam T, Rudran, Banu, Ruiz-Buitrago, Silvia, Campbell, Marion, Whitaker, Paul, Youzguin, Alexander, Singanayagam, Anika, Allen, Karen S, Brito, Veronica, Dietz, Jessica, Dysart, Claire E, Kellie, Susan M, Franco-Sadud, Ricardo A, Meier, Garnet, Gaga, Mina, Holland, Thomas L, Bergin, Stephen P, Kheir, Fayez, Landmeier, Mark, Lois, Manuel, Nair, Girish B, Patel, Hemali, Reyes, Katherine, Rodriguez-Cintron, William, Saito, Shigeki, Soni, Nilam J, Noda, Julio, Hinojosa, Cecilia I, Levine, Stephanie M, Angel, Luis F, Anzueto, Antonio, Whitlow, K Scott, Hipskind, John, Sukhija, Kunal, Totten, Vicken, Wunderink, Richard G, Shah, Ray D, Mateyo, Kondwelani John, Noriega, Lorena, Alvarado, Ezequiel, Aman, Mohamed, Labra, Lucía, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Di Pasquale, M. F., Sotgiu, G., Gramegna, A., Radovanovic, D., Terraneo, S., Reyes, L. F., Rupp, J., Gonzalez Del Castillo, J., Blasi, F., Aliberti, S., Restrepo, M. I., Aruj, P. K., Attorri, S., Barimboim, E., Caeiro, J. P., Garzon, M. I., Cambursano, V. H., Cazaux, A., Ceccato, A., Chertcoff, J., Lascar, F., Tulio, F. D., Diaz, A. C., de Vedia, L., Ganaha, M. C., Lambert, S., Lopardo, G., Luna, C. M., Malberti, A. G., Morcillo, N., Tartara, S., Cetrangolo, A. A., Pensotti, C., Pereyra, B., Scapellato, P. G., Stagnaro, J. P., Shah, S., Lotsch, F., Thalhammer, F., Anseeuw, K., Francois, C. A., Van Braeckel, E., Vincent, J. L., Djimon, M. Z., Bashi, J., Dodo, R., Nouer, S. A., Chipev, P., Encheva, M., Miteva, D., Petkova, D., Balkissou, A. D., Yone, E. W. P., Ngahane, B. H. M., Shen, N., Xu, J. F., Rico, C. A. B., Buitrago, R., Paternina, F. J. P., Ntumba, J. K., Carevic, V. V., Jakopovic, M., Jankovic, M., Matkovic, Z., Mitrecic, I., Jacobsson, M. B., Christensen, A. B., Bodtger, U. C. H., Meyer, C. N., Jensen, A. V., Baunbaek-Knudsen, G., Petersen, P. T., Andersen, S., El-Wahhab, I. E. A., Morsy, N. E., Shafiek, H., Sobh, E., Abdulsemed, K. A., Bertrand, F., Brun-Buisson, C., de Montmollin, E., Fartoukh, M., Messika, J., Tattevin, P., Khoury, A., Ebruke, B., Dreher, M., Kolditz, M., Meisinger, M., Niederlausitz, K., Pletz, M. W., Hagel, S., Schaberg, T., Spielmanns, M., Creutz, P., Suttorp, N., Siaw-Lartey, B., Dimakou, K., Papapetrou, D., Tsigou, E., Ampazis, D., Kaimakamis, E., Bhatia, M., Dhar, R., D'Souza, G., Garg, R., Koul, P. A., Mahesh, P. A., Jayaraj, B. S., Narayan, K. V., Udnur, H. B., Krishnamurthy, S. B., Kant, S., Swarnakar, R., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Golshani, K., Keatings, V. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Maor, Y., Strahilevitz, J., Battaglia, S., Carrabba, M., Ceriana, P., Confalonieri, M., Monforte, A. D., Prato, B. D., Rosa, M., Fantini, R., Fiorentino, G., Gammino, M. A., Menzella, F., Milani, G., Nava, S., Palmiero, G., Petrino, R., Gabrielli, B., Rossi, P., Sorino, C., Steinhilber, G., Zanforlin, A., Franzetti, F., Carugati, M., Morosi, M., Monge, E., Carone, M., Patella, V., Scarlata, S., Comel, A., Kurahashi, K., Bacha, Z. A., Ugalde, D. B., Zuniga, O. C., Villegas, J. F., Medenica, M., van de Garde, E. M. W., Mihsra, D. R., Shrestha, P., Ridgeon, E., Awokola, B. I., Nwankwo, O. N. O., Olufunlola, A. B., Olumide, S., Ukwaja, K. N., Irfan, M., Minarowski, L., Szymon, S., Froes, F., Leuschner, P., Meireles, M., Ferrao, C., Neves, J., Ravara, S. B., Brocovschii, V., Ion, C., Rusu, D., Toma, C., Chirita, D., Dorobat, C. M., Birkun, A., Kaluzhenina, A., Almotairi, A., Bukhary, Z. A. A., Edathodu, J., Fathy, A., Enani, A. M. A., Mohamed, N. E., Memon, J. U., Bella, A., Bogdanovic, N., Milenkovic, B., Pesut, D., Borderias, L., Garcia, N. M. B., Alarcon, H. C., Cilloniz, C., Torres, A., Diaz-Brito, V., Casas, X., Gonzalez, A. E., Fernandez-Almira, Ml., Gallego, M., Gaspar-GarcIa, I., Victoria, P. J., Martinez, E. L., de Molina, R. M., Marcos, P. J., Menendez, R., Pando-Sandoval, A., Aymerich, C. P., de la Torre, A. L., Garcia-Olive, I., Rello, J., Moyano, S., Sanz, F., Sibila, O., Rodrigo-Troyano, A., Sole-Violan, J., Uranga, A., van Boven, J. F. M., Torra, E. V., Pujol, J. A., Feldman, C., Yum, H. K., Fiogbe, A. A., Yangui, F., Bilaceroglu, S., Dalar, L., Yilmaz, U., Bogomolov, A., Elahi, N., Dhasmana, D. J., Feneley, A., Ions, R., Skeemer, J., Woltmann, G., Hancock, C., Hill, A. T., Rudran, B., Ruiz-Buitrago, S., Campbell, M., Whitaker, P., Youzguin, A., Singanayagam, A., Allen, K. S., Brito, V., Dietz, J., Dysart, C. E., Kellie, S. M., Franco-Sadud, R. A., Meier, G., Gaga, M., Holland, T. L., Bergin, S. P., Kheir, F., Landmeier, M., Lois, M., Nair, G. B., Patel, H., Reyes, K., Rodriguez-Cintron, W., Saito, S., Soni, N. J., Noda, J., Hinojosa, C. I., Levine, S. M., Angel, L. F., Anzueto, A., Whitlow, K. S., Hipskind, J., Sukhija, K., Totten, V., Wunderink, R. G., Shah, R. D., Mateyo, K. J., Noriega, L., Alvarado, E., Aman, M., Labra, L., Di Pasquale M.F., Sotgiu G., Gramegna A., Radovanovic D., Terraneo S., Reyes L.F., Rupp J., Gonzalez Del Castillo J., Blasi F., Aliberti S., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Cazaux A., Ceccato A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Tulio F.D., Diaz A.C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Cetrangolo A.A., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Yone E.W.P., Ngahane B.H.M., Shen N., Xu J.F., Rico C.A.B., Buitrago R., Paternina F.J.P., Ntumba J.K., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Jacobsson M.B., Christensen A.B., Bodtger U.C.H., Meyer C.N., Jensen A.V., Baunbaek-Knudsen G., Petersen P.T., Andersen S., El-Wahhab I.E.A., Morsy N.E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Niederlausitz K., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Dimakou K., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A.D., Prato B.D., Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Petrino R., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., van de Garde E.M.W., Mihsra D.R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Nwankwo O.N.O., Olufunlola A.B., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Ion C., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Bukhary Z.A.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Enani A.M.A., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Garcia N.M.B., Alarcon H.C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira ML., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Victoria P.J., Martinez E.L., de Molina R.M., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., de la Torre A.L., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Sanz F., Sibila O., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F.M., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Fiogbe A.A., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Dalar L., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Ions R., Skeemer J., Woltmann G., Hancock C., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Franco-Sadud R.A., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Soni N.J., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Angel L.F., Anzueto A., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., and Labra L.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Etiology, Multidrug-resistant pathogen, MRSA, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Pneumònia adquirida a la comunitat, HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Articles and Commentaries, Aged, 80 and over, Respiratory tract infections, Anemia, Aplastic, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Community-Acquired Infections, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Immunocompromise, Microbiology, Multidrug-resistant pathogens, Pneumonia, Etiologia, Hematologic Neoplasms, Female, BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS, Lung Transplantation, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Neutropenia, 030106 microbiology, RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS, DISEASES-SOCIETY, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Pneumonia, Bacterial, MANAGEMENT, Humans, pneumonia, BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA, Aged, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, business.industry, microbiology, Bacterial pneumonia, Australia, medicine.disease, multidrug-resistant pathogens, Mycoses, Bacteremia, Africa, RISK-FACTORS, immunocompromise, Americas, business
Abstract: Background The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter study enrolling adult patients coming from the community with pneumonia and hospitalized in 222 hospitals in 54 countries worldwide. Risk factors for immunocompromise included AIDS, aplastic anemia, asplenia, hematological cancer, chemotherapy, neutropenia, biological drug use, lung transplantation, chronic steroid use, and solid tumor. Results At least 1 risk factor for immunocompromise was recorded in 18% of the 3702 patients enrolled. The prevalences of risk factors significantly differed across continents and countries, with chronic steroid use (45%), hematological cancer (25%), and chemotherapy (22%) the most common. Among immunocompromised patients, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogens were the most frequently identified, and prevalences did not differ from those in immunocompetent patients. Risk factors for immunocompromise were independently associated with neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor non–community-acquired bacteria. Specific risk factors were independently associated with fungal infections (odds ratio for AIDS and hematological cancer, 15.10 and 4.65, respectively; both P = .001), mycobacterial infections (AIDS; P = .006), and viral infections other than influenza (hematological cancer, 5.49; P < .001). Conclusions Our findings could be considered by clinicians in prescribing empiric antibiotic therapy for CAP in immunocompromised patients. Patients with AIDS and hematological cancer admitted with CAP may have higher prevalences of fungi, mycobacteria, and noninfluenza viruses.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Application Potential of Luteolin in the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia.

Author: Li, Wei-Feng, Wang, Xuan, Wang, Tian-Han, Ding, Ya-Li, Wang, Meng-Xi, Tao, Jia-Lei, and Yuan, Bin
Subjects: LUTEOLIN, PULMONARY fibrosis, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, CARDIOVASCULAR system, PNEUMONIA, PULMONARY edema
Abstract: Aim of the Review. This study aims to summarize the therapeutic effect of luteolin on the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia, explore its absorption and metabolism in the human body, evaluate the possibility of luteolin as a drug to treat viral pneumonia, and provide a reference for future research. Materials and Methods. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar and collected research on luteolin in the treatment of viral pneumonia and related diseases since 2003. Then, we summarized the efficacy and potential of luteolin in directly inhibiting viral activity, limiting inflammatory storms, reducing pulmonary inflammation, and treating pneumonia complications. Results and Conclusion. Luteolin has the potential to treat viral pneumonia in multiple ways. Luteolin has a direct inhibitory effect on coronavirus, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Luteolin can alleviate the inflammatory factor storm induced by multiple factors by inhibiting the function of macrophages or mast cells. Luteolin can reduce pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary fibrosis induced by multiple factors. In addition, viral pneumonia may cause multisystem complications, while luteolin has extensive protective effects on the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. However, due to the first-pass metabolism mediated by phase II enzymes, the bioavailability of oral luteolin is low. The bioavailability of luteolin can be improved, and its potential value can be further developed by changing the dosage form or route of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Emergency care interventions for paediatric severe acute respiratory infections in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Author: Relan, Pryanka, Garbern, Stephanie Chow, O'Reilly, Gerard, Bills, Corey B., Schultz, Megan, Kivlehan, Sean, Trehan, Indi, and Becker, Torben K.
Subjects: ONLINE information services, LENGTH of stay in hospitals, MIDDLE-income countries, SYSTEMATIC reviews, PHYSICAL therapy, RESPIRATORY infections in children, RESPIRATORY infections, ARTIFICIAL respiration, DIETARY supplements, LOW-income countries, EMERGENCY medical services, BRONCHIOLE diseases, MEDLINE, CRISIS intervention (Mental health services), ANTIBIOTICS
Abstract: Background Severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) are the leading cause of paediatric death globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the potential rapid clinical decompensation and high mortality rate from SARIs, interventions that facilitate the early care are critical to improving patient outcomes. Through this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the impact of emergency care interventions on improving clinical outcomes of paediatric patients with SARIs in LMICs. Methods We searched PubMed, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus for peer-reviewed clinical trials or studies with comparator groups published before November 2020. We included all studies which evaluated acute and emergency care interventions on clinical outcomes for children (29 days to 19 years) with SARIs conducted in LMICs. Due to observed heterogeneity of interventions and outcomes, we performed narrative synthesis. We assessed bias using the Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools. Results We screened 20 583, 99 of which met the inclusion criteria. Conditions studied included pneumonia or acute lower respiratory infection (61.6%) and bronchiolitis (29.3%). Studies evaluated medications (80.8%), respiratory support (14.1%), and supportive care (5%). We found the strongest evidence of benefit for decreasing risk of death for respiratory support interventions. Results were inconclusive on the utility of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We found mixed results for interventions for bronchiolitis, but a possible benefit for hypertonic nebulised saline to decrease hospital length of stay. Early use of adjuvant treatments such as Vitamin A, D, and zinc for pneumonia and bronchiolitis did not appear to have convincing evidence of benefit on clinical outcomes. Conclusions Despite the high global burden of SARI in paediatric populations, few emergency care (EC) interventions have high quality evidence for benefit on clinical outcomes in LMICs. Respiratory support interventions have the strongest evidence for benefit. Further research on the use of CPAP in diverse settings is needed, as is a stronger evidence base for EC interventions for children with SARI, including metrics on the timing of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Building power-ful health systems: the impacts of electrification on health outcomes in LMICs.

Author: Khogali, Alhadi, Ahmed, Almegdad, Ibrahim, Mona, Karrar, Karrar, Elsheikh, Mohamed, Abdelraheem, Elfatih, Cluver, Lucie, and Elmukashfi, Elsiddig
Subjects: MEDICAL quality control, CINAHL database, LENGTH of stay in hospitals, MIDDLE-income countries, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, IMMUNIZATION, HOSPITAL emergency services, SYSTEMATIC reviews, ELECTRICITY, PRIMARY health care, LOW-income countries, QUALITY assurance, ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus, MEDLINE, HEALTH equity, PRENATAL care, RURAL health, HEALTH care rationing, CHILD mortality
Abstract: Critical disparities threaten health care in developing countries and hinder progress towards global development commitments. Almost a billion people and thousands of public services are not yet connected to electricity – a majority in sub-Saharan Africa. In economically fragile settings, clinics and health services struggle to gain and maintain their access to the most basic energy infrastructure. Less than 30% of health facilities in LMICs report access to reliable energy sources, truncating health outcomes and endangering patients in critical conditions. While 'universal health coverage' and 'sustainable energy for all' are two distinct SDGs with their respective targets, this review challenges their disconnect and inspects their interdependence in LMICs. To evaluate the impact of electrification on healthcare facilities in LMICs, this systematic review analysed relevant publications up to March 2021, using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov and CINAHL. Outcomes captured were in accordance with the WHO HHFA modules. A total of 5083 studies were identified, 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this review – most were from Africa, with the exception of two studies from India and one from Fiji. Electrification was associated with improvements in the quality of antenatal care services, vaccination rates, emergency capabilities and primary health services; with many facilities reporting high-quality, reliable and continuous oxygen supplies, refrigeration and enhanced medical supply chains. Renewable energy sources were considered in six of the included studies, most highlighting their suitability for rural health facilities. Notably, solar-powered oxygen delivery systems reduced childhood mortality and length of hospital stay. Unavailable and unreliable electricity is a bottleneck to health service delivery in LMICs. Electrification was associated with increased service availability, readiness and quality of care – especially for women, children and those under critical care. This study indicates that stable and clean electrification allows new heights in achieving SDG 3 and SDG7 in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases.

Author: Maywald, Martina and Rink, Lothar
Subjects: TUBERCULOSIS, RESPIRATORY diseases, COMMUNICABLE diseases, ZINC, IMMUNOLOGIC diseases, BIOFORTIFICATION, WESTERN countries
Abstract: During the last few decades, the micronutrient zinc has proven to be an important metal ion for a well-functioning immune system, and thus also for a suitable immune defense. Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of zinc deficiency is malnutrition. In particular, vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in Western countries and children in developing countries, are often affected. However, sufficient zinc intake and homeostasis is essential for a healthy life, as it is known that zinc deficiency is associated with a multitude of immune disorders such as metabolic and chronic diseases, as well as infectious diseases such as respiratory infections, malaria, HIV, or tuberculosis. Moreover, the modulation of the proinflammatory immune response and oxidative stress is well described. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zinc have been known for a long time, but are not comprehensively researched and understood yet. Therefore, this review highlights the current molecular mechanisms underlying the development of a pro-/ and anti-inflammatory immune response as a result of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of zinc as a preventive and therapeutic agent, alone or in combination with other strategies, that could ameliorate infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Aspiration Risk Factors, Microbiology, and Empiric Antibiotics for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Author: Judith Marin-Corral, Sergi Pascual-Guardia, Francesco Amati, Stefano Aliberti, Joan R Masclans, Nilam Soni, Alejandro Rodriguez, Oriol Sibila, Francisco Sanz, Giovanni Sotgiu, Antonio Anzueto, Katerina Dimakou, Roberta Petrino, Ewoudt van de Garde, Marcos I Restrepo, GLIMP investigators, Patricia Karina Aruj, Silvia Attorri, Enrique Barimboim, Juan Pablo Caeiro, María I Garzón, Victor Hugo Cambursano, V H Dr Cazaux A Adrian Ceccato, Julio Chertcoff, Florencia Lascar, Fernando Di Tulio, Ariel Cordon Díaz, Lautaro de Vedia, Maria Cristina Ganaha, Sandra Lambert, Gustavo Lopardo, Carlos M Luna, Alessio Gerardo Malberti, Nora Morcillo, Silvina Tartara, Claudia Pensotti, Betiana Pereyra, Pablo Gustavo Scapellato, Juan Pablo Stagnaro, Sonali Shah, Felix Lötsch, Florian Thalhammer, Kurt Anseeuw, Camille A Francois, Eva Van Braeckel, Jean Louis Vincent, Marcel Zannou Djimon, Jules Bashi, Roger Dodo, Simone Aranha Nouér, Peter Chipev, Milena Encheva, Darina Miteva, Diana Petkova, Adamou Dodo Balkissou, Eric Walter Pefura Yone, Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Ning Shen, Jin-Fu Xu, Carlos Andres Bustamante Rico, Ricardo Buitrago, Fernando Jose Pereira Paternina, Jean-Marie Kayembe Ntumba, Vesna Vladic Carevic, Marko Jakopovic, Mateja Jankovic, Zinka Matkovic, Ivan Mitrecic, Marie-Laure Bouchy Jacobsson, Anette Bro Christensen, Uffe Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Christian Niels Meyer, Andreas Vestergaard Jensen, Gertrud Baunbæk-Knudsen, Pelle Trier Petersen, Stine Andersen, Ibrahim El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Nesreen Elsayed Morsy, Hanaa Shafiek, Eman Sobh, Kedir Abdella Abdulsemed, Fabrice Bertrand, Christian Brun-Buisson, Etienne de Montmollin, Muriel Fartoukh, Jonathan Messika, Pierre Tattevin, Abdo Khoury, Bernard Ebruke, Michael Dreher, Martin Kolditz, Matthias Meisinger, Mathias W Pletz, Stefan Hagel, Jan Rupp, Tom Schaberg, Marc Spielmanns, Petra Creutz, Norton Suttorp, Beatrice Siaw-Lartey, Dimosthenis Papapetrou, Evdoxia Tsigou, Dimitrios Ampazis, Evangelos Kaimakamis, Mohit Bhatia, Raja Dhar, George D'Souza, Rajiv Garg, Parvaiz A Koul, P A Mahesh, B S Jayaraj, Kiran Vishnu Narayan, Hirennappa B Udnur, Shashi Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Surya Kant, Rajesh Swarnakar, Sneha Limaye, Sundeep Salvi, Keihan Golshani, Vera M Keatings, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Yasmin Maor, Jacob Strahilevitz, Paola Faverio, Salvatore Battaglia, Maria Carrabba, Piero Ceriana, Marco Confalonieri, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Bruno Del Prato, Marino De Rosa, Riccardo Fantini, Giuseppe Fiorentino, Maria Antonia Gammino, Francesco Menzella, Giuseppe Milani, Stefano Nava, Gerardo Palmiero, Barbra Gabrielli, Paolo Rossi, Claudio Sorino, Gundi Steinhilber, Alessandro Zanforlin, Ospedale San Luca, Fabio Franzetti, Manuela Carugati, Manuela Morosi, Elisa Monge, Mauro Carone, Vincenzo Patella, Simone Scarlata, Andrea Comel, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Zeina Aoun Bacha, Daniel Barajas Ugalde, Omar Ceballos Zuñiga, José F Villegas, Milic Medenica, Deebya Raj Mihsra, Poojan Shrestha, Elliott Ridgeon, Babatunde Ishola Awokola, Ogonna N O Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Segaolu Olumide, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Muhammad Irfan, Lukasz Minarowski, Skoczyński Szymon, Felipe Froes, Pedro Leuschner, Mariana Meireles, Cláudia Ferrão, João Neves, Abel Salazar, Sofia B Ravara, Victoria Brocovschii, Doina Rusu, Cristina Toma, Daniela Chirita, Carmen Mihaela Dorobat, Alexei Birkun, Anna Kaluzhenina, Abdullah Almotairi, Zakeya Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Jameela Edathodu, Amal Fathy, Abdullah Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Nazik Eltayeb Mohamed, Jawed Ulhadi Memon, Abdelhaleem Bella, Serbia Nada Bogdanović, Branislava Milenkovic, Dragica Pesut, Luis Borderìas, Noel Manuel Bordon Garcia, Hugo Cabello Alarcón, Catia Cilloniz, Antoni Torres, Vicens Diaz-Brito, Xavier Casas, Alicia Encabo González, Maria Luisa Fernández-Almira, Medicina Interna, Miguel Gallego, Inmaculada Gaspar-GarcÍa, Juan González Del Castillo, Patricia Javaloyes Victoria, Elena Laserna Martínez, Rosa Malo de Molina, Pedro J Marcos, Rosario Menéndez, Ana Pando-Sandoval, Cristina Prat Aymerich, Alicia Lacoma de la Torre, Ignasi García-Olivé, Jordi Rello, Silvia Moyano, Ana Rodrigo-Troyano, Jordi Solé-Violán, Ane Uranga, Job Fm van Boven, Ester Vendrell Torra, Jordi Almirall Pujol, Charles Feldman, Ho Kee Yum, Inje Univ Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Ferdaous Yangui, Semra Bilaceroglu, Izmir Dr Levent Dalar, Ufuk Yilmaz, Artemii Bogomolov, Naheed Elahi, Devesh J Dhasmana, Andrew Feneley, Adam T Hill, Banu Rudran, Silvia Ruiz-Buitrago, Marion Campbell, Paul Whitaker, Alexander Youzguin, Anika Singanayagam, C Hancock, David Villafuerte, Karen S Allen, Veronica Brito, Jessica Dietz, Claire E Dysart, Susan M Kellie, Clement J Ricardo A Franco-Sadud, Garnet Meier, Mina Gaga, Thomas L Holland, Stephen P Bergin, Fayez Kheir, Mark Landmeier, Manuel Lois, Girish B Nair, Hemali Patel, Katherine Reyes, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Shigeki Saito, Julio Noda, Cecilia I Hinojosa, Stephanie M Levine, Luis F Reyes, Luis F Angel, K Scott Whitlow, John Hipskind, Kunal Sukhija, Vicken Totten, Richard G Wunderink, Ray D Shah, Kondwelani John Mateyo, Lorena Noriega, Ezequiel Alvarado, Mohamed Aman, Lucía Labra, Marin-Corral J., Pascual-Guardia S., Amati F., Aliberti S., Masclans J.R., Soni N., Rodriguez A., Sibila O., Sanz F., Sotgiu G., Anzueto A., Dimakou K., Petrino R., van de Garde E., Restrepo M.I., Aruj P.K., Attorri S., Barimboim E., Caeiro J.P., Garzon M.I., Cambursano V.H., Adrian Ceccato V.H.D.C.A., Chertcoff J., Lascar F., Di Tulio F., Diaz A.C., de Vedia L., Ganaha M.C., Lambert S., Lopardo G., Luna C.M., Malberti A.G., Morcillo N., Tartara S., Pensotti C., Pereyra B., Scapellato P.G., Stagnaro J.P., Shah S., Lotsch F., Thalhammer F., Anseeuw K., Francois C.A., Van Braeckel E., Vincent J.L., Djimon M.Z., Bashi J., Dodo R., Nouer S.A., Chipev P., Encheva M., Miteva D., Petkova D., Balkissou A.D., Pefura Yone E.W., Mbatchou Ngahane B.H., Shen N., Xu J.-F., Bustamante Rico C.A., Buitrago R., Pereira Paternina F.J., Kayembe Ntumba J.-M., Carevic V.V., Jakopovic M., Jankovic M., Matkovic Z., Mitrecic I., Bouchy Jacobsson M.-L., Christensen A.B., Heitmann Bodtger U.C., Meyer C.N., Jensen A.V., Baunbaek-knudsen G., Petersen P.T., Andersen S., El-Said Abd El-Wahhab I., Morsy N.E., Shafiek H., Sobh E., Abdulsemed K.A., Bertrand F., Brun-Buisson C., de Montmollin E., Fartoukh M., Messika J., Tattevin P., Khoury A., Ebruke B., Dreher M., Kolditz M., Meisinger M., Pletz M.W., Hagel S., Rupp J., Schaberg T., Spielmanns M., Creutz P., Suttorp N., Siaw-Lartey B., Papapetrou D., Tsigou E., Ampazis D., Kaimakamis E., Bhatia M., Dhar R., D'Souza G., Garg R., Koul P.A., Mahesh P.A., Jayaraj B.S., Narayan K.V., Udnur H.B., Krishnamurthy S.B., Kant S., Swarnakar R., Limaye S., Salvi S., Golshani K., Keatings V.M., Martin-Loeches I., Maor Y., Strahilevitz J., Faverio P., Battaglia S., Carrabba M., Ceriana P., Confalonieri M., Monforte A.D., Del Prato B., De Rosa M., Fantini R., Fiorentino G., Gammino M.A., Menzella F., Milani G., Nava S., Palmiero G., Gabrielli B., Rossi P., Sorino C., Steinhilber G., Zanforlin A., San Luca O., Franzetti F., Carugati M., Morosi M., Monge E., Carone M., Patella V., Scarlata S., Comel A., Kurahashi K., Bacha Z.A., Ugalde D.B., Zuniga O.C., Villegas J.F., Medenica M., Mihsra D.R., Shrestha P., Ridgeon E., Awokola B.I., Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola O.N.O., Olumide S., Ukwaja K.N., Irfan M., Minarowski L., Szymon S., Froes F., Leuschner P., Meireles M., Ferrao C., Neves J., Abel Salazar, Ravara S.B., Brocovschii V., Rusu D., Toma C., Chirita D., Dorobat C.M., Birkun A., Kaluzhenina A., Almotairi A., Ali Bukhary Z.A., Edathodu J., Fathy A., Abdulaziz Enani A.M., Mohamed N.E., Memon J.U., Bella A., Bogdanovic S.N., Milenkovic B., Pesut D., Borderias L., Bordon Garcia N.M., Alarcon H.C., Cilloniz C., Torres A., Diaz-Brito V., Casas X., Gonzalez A.E., Fernandez-Almira M.L., Interna M., Gallego M., Gaspar-GarcIa I., Gonzalez del Castillo J., Victoria P.J., Martinez E.L., Malo de Molina R., Marcos P.J., Menendez R., Pando-Sandoval A., Aymerich C.P., Lacoma de la Torre A., Garcia-Olive I., Rello J., Moyano S., Rodrigo-Troyano A., Sole-Violan J., Uranga A., van Boven J.F., Torra E.V., Pujol J.A., Feldman C., Yum H.K., Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe I.U., Yangui F., Bilaceroglu S., Levent Dalar I.D., Yilmaz U., Bogomolov A., Elahi N., Dhasmana D.J., Feneley A., Hill A.T., Rudran B., Ruiz-Buitrago S., Campbell M., Whitaker P., Youzguin A., Singanayagam A., Hancock C., Villafuerte D., Allen K.S., Brito V., Dietz J., Dysart C.E., Kellie S.M., Ricardo A. Franco-Sadud C.J., Meier G., Gaga M., Holland T.L., Bergin S.P., Kheir F., Landmeier M., Lois M., Nair G.B., Patel H., Reyes K., Rodriguez-Cintron W., Saito S., Noda J., Hinojosa C.I., Levine S.M., Reyes L.F., Angel L.F., Whitlow K.S., Hipskind J., Sukhija K., Totten V., Wunderink R.G., Shah R.D., Mateyo K.J., Noriega L., Alvarado E., Aman M., Labra L., Marin-Corral, Judith, Pascual-Guardia, Sergi, Amati, Francesco, Aliberti, Stefano, R Masclans, Joan, Soni, Nilam, Rodriguez, Alejandro, Sibila, Oriol, Sanz, Francisco, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Anzueto, Antonio, Dimakou, Katerina, Petrino, Roberta, van de Garde, Ewoudt, I Restrepo, Marco, Investigators, Glimp, Karina Aruj, Patricia, Attorri, Silvia, Barimboim, Enrique, Pablo Caeiro, Juan, I Garzón, María, Hugo Cambursano, Victor, A Adrian Ceccato, V H Dr Cazaux, Chertcoff, Julio, Lascar, Florencia, Di Tulio, Fernando, Cordon Díaz, Ariel, de Vedia, Lautaro, Cristina Ganaha, Maria, Lambert, Sandra, Lopardo, Gustavo, M Luna, Carlo, Gerardo Malberti, Alessio, Morcillo, Nora, Tartara, Silvina, Pensotti, Claudia, Pereyra, Betiana, Gustavo Scapellato, Pablo, Pablo Stagnaro, Juan, Shah, Sonali, Lötsch, Felix, Thalhammer, Florian, Anseeuw, Kurt, A Francois, Camille, Van Braeckel, Eva, Louis Vincent, Jean, Zannou Djimon, Marcel, Bashi, Jule, Dodo, Roger, Aranha Nouér, Simone, Chipev, Peter, Encheva, Milena, Miteva, Darina, Petkova, Diana, Dodo Balkissou, Adamou, Walter Pefura Yone, Eric, Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane, Bertrand, Shen, Ning, Xu, Jin-Fu, Andres Bustamante Rico, Carlo, Buitrago, Ricardo, Jose Pereira Paternina, Fernando, Kayembe Ntumba, Jean-Marie, Vladic Carevic, Vesna, Jakopovic, Marko, Jankovic, Mateja, Matkovic, Zinka, Mitrecic, Ivan, Bouchy Jacobsson, Marie-Laure, Bro Christensen, Anette, Christian Heitmann Bødtger, Uffe, Niels Meyer, Christian, Vestergaard Jensen, Andrea, Baunbæk-Knudsen, Gertrud, Trier Petersen, Pelle, Andersen, Stine, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, Ibrahim, Elsayed Morsy, Nesreen, Shafiek, Hanaa, Sobh, Eman, Abdella Abdulsemed, Kedir, Bertrand, Fabrice, Brun-Buisson, Christian, de Montmollin, Etienne, Fartoukh, Muriel, Messika, Jonathan, Tattevin, Pierre, Khoury, Abdo, Ebruke, Bernard, Dreher, Michael, Kolditz, Martin, Meisinger, Matthia, W Pletz, Mathia, Hagel, Stefan, Rupp, Jan, Schaberg, Tom, Spielmanns, Marc, Creutz, Petra, Suttorp, Norton, Siaw-Lartey, Beatrice, Papapetrou, Dimostheni, Tsigou, Evdoxia, Ampazis, Dimitrio, Kaimakamis, Evangelo, Bhatia, Mohit, Dhar, Raja, D'Souza, George, Garg, Rajiv, A Koul, Parvaiz, A Mahesh, P, S Jayaraj, B, Vishnu Narayan, Kiran, B Udnur, Hirennappa, Bhaskara Krishnamurthy, Shashi, Kant, Surya, Swarnakar, Rajesh, Limaye, Sneha, Salvi, Sundeep, Golshani, Keihan, M Keatings, Vera, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Maor, Yasmin, Strahilevitz, Jacob, Faverio, Paola, Battaglia, Salvatore, Carrabba, Maria, Ceriana, Piero, Confalonieri, Marco, d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Del Prato, Bruno, De Rosa, Marino, Fantini, Riccardo, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Antonia Gammino, Maria, Menzella, Francesco, Milani, Giuseppe, Nava, Stefano, Palmiero, Gerardo, Gabrielli, Barbra, Rossi, Paolo, Sorino, Claudio, Steinhilber, Gundi, Zanforlin, Alessandro, San Luca, Ospedale, Franzetti, Fabio, Carugati, Manuela, Morosi, Manuela, Monge, Elisa, Carone, Mauro, Patella, Vincenzo, Scarlata, Simone, Comel, Andrea, Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu, Aoun Bacha, Zeina, Barajas Ugalde, Daniel, Ceballos Zuñiga, Omar, F Villegas, José, Medenica, Milic, Raj Mihsra, Deebya, Shrestha, Poojan, Ridgeon, Elliott, Ishola Awokola, Babatunde, O Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, Ogonna N, Olumide, Segaolu, N Ukwaja, Kingsley, Irfan, Muhammad, Minarowski, Lukasz, Szymon, Skoczyński, Froes, Felipe, Leuschner, Pedro, Meireles, Mariana, Ferrão, Cláudia, Neves, João, Salazar, Abel, B Ravara, Sofia, Brocovschii, Victoria, Rusu, Doina, Toma, Cristina, Chirita, Daniela, Mihaela Dorobat, Carmen, Birkun, Alexei, Kaluzhenina, Anna, Almotairi, Abdullah, Abdulbaqi Ali Bukhary, Zakeya, Edathodu, Jameela, Fathy, Amal, Mushira Abdulaziz Enani, Abdullah, Eltayeb Mohamed, Nazik, Ulhadi Memon, Jawed, Bella, Abdelhaleem, Nada Bogdanović, Serbia, Milenkovic, Branislava, Pesut, Dragica, Borderìas, Lui, Manuel Bordon Garcia, Noel, Cabello Alarcón, Hugo, Cilloniz, Catia, Torres, Antoni, Diaz-Brito, Vicen, Casas, Xavier, Encabo González, Alicia, Luisa Fernández-Almira, Maria, Interna, Medicina, Gallego, Miguel, Gaspar-GarcÍa, Inmaculada, González Del Castillo, Juan, Javaloyes Victoria, Patricia, Laserna Martínez, Elena, Malo de Molina, Rosa, J Marcos, Pedro, Menéndez, Rosario, Pando-Sandoval, Ana, Prat Aymerich, Cristina, Lacoma de la Torre, Alicia, García-Olivé, Ignasi, Rello, Jordi, Moyano, Silvia, Rodrigo-Troyano, Ana, Solé-Violán, Jordi, Uranga, Ane, Fm van Boven, Job, Vendrell Torra, Ester, Almirall Pujol, Jordi, Feldman, Charle, Kee Yum, Ho, Univ Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, Inje, Yangui, Ferdaou, Bilaceroglu, Semra, Dr Levent Dalar, Izmir, Yilmaz, Ufuk, Bogomolov, Artemii, Elahi, Naheed, J Dhasmana, Devesh, Feneley, Andrew, T Hill, Adam, Rudran, Banu, Ruiz-Buitrago, Silvia, Campbell, Marion, Whitaker, Paul, Youzguin, Alexander, Singanayagam, Anika, Hancock, C, Villafuerte, David, S Allen, Karen, Brito, Veronica, Dietz, Jessica, E Dysart, Claire, M Kellie, Susan, A Franco-Sadud, Clement J Ricardo, Meier, Garnet, Gaga, Mina, L Holland, Thoma, P Bergin, Stephen, Kheir, Fayez, Landmeier, Mark, Lois, Manuel, B Nair, Girish, Patel, Hemali, Reyes, Katherine, Rodriguez-Cintron, William, Saito, Shigeki, Noda, Julio, I Hinojosa, Cecilia, M Levine, Stephanie, F Reyes, Lui, F Angel, Lui, Scott Whitlow, K, Hipskind, John, Sukhija, Kunal, Totten, Vicken, G Wunderink, Richard, D Shah, Ray, John Mateyo, Kondwelani, Noriega, Lorena, Alvarado, Ezequiel, Aman, Mohamed, Labra, Lucía, Marin-Corral, J, Pascual-Guardia, S, Amati, F, Aliberti, S, Masclans, J, Soni, N, Rodriguez, A, Sibila, O, Sanz, F, Sotgiu, G, Anzueto, A, Dimakou, K, Petrino, R, van de Garde, E, Restrepo, M, Aruj, P, Attorri, S, Barimboim, E, Caeiro, J, Garzon, M, Cambursano, V, Adrian Ceccato, V, Chertcoff, J, Lascar, F, Di Tulio, F, Diaz, A, de Vedia, L, Ganaha, M, Lambert, S, Lopardo, G, Luna, C, Malberti, A, Morcillo, N, Tartara, S, Pensotti, C, Pereyra, B, Scapellato, P, Stagnaro, J, Shah, S, Lotsch, F, Thalhammer, F, Anseeuw, K, Francois, C, Van Braeckel, E, Vincent, J, Djimon, M, Bashi, J, Dodo, R, Nouer, S, Chipev, P, Encheva, M, Miteva, D, Petkova, D, Balkissou, A, Pefura Yone, E, Mbatchou Ngahane, B, Shen, N, Xu, J, Bustamante Rico, C, Buitrago, R, Pereira Paternina, F, Kayembe Ntumba, J, Carevic, V, Jakopovic, M, Jankovic, M, Matkovic, Z, Mitrecic, I, Bouchy Jacobsson, M, Christensen, A, Heitmann Bodtger, U, Meyer, C, Jensen, A, Baunbaek-knudsen, G, Petersen, P, Andersen, S, El-Said Abd El-Wahhab, I, Morsy, N, Shafiek, H, Sobh, E, Abdulsemed, K, Bertrand, F, Brun-Buisson, C, de Montmollin, E, Fartoukh, M, Messika, J, Tattevin, P, Khoury, A, Ebruke, B, Dreher, M, Kolditz, M, Meisinger, M, Pletz, M, Hagel, S, Rupp, J, Schaberg, T, Spielmanns, M, Creutz, P, Suttorp, N, Siaw-Lartey, B, Papapetrou, D, Tsigou, E, Ampazis, D, Kaimakamis, E, Bhatia, M, Dhar, R, D'Souza, G, Garg, R, Koul, P, Mahesh, P, Jayaraj, B, Narayan, K, Udnur, H, Krishnamurthy, S, Kant, S, Swarnakar, R, Limaye, S, Salvi, S, Golshani, K, Keatings, V, Martin-Loeches, I, Maor, Y, Strahilevitz, J, Faverio, P, Battaglia, S, Carrabba, M, Ceriana, P, Confalonieri, M, Monforte, A, Del Prato, B, De Rosa, M, Fantini, R, Fiorentino, G, Gammino, M, Menzella, F, Milani, G, Nava, S, Palmiero, G, Gabrielli, B, Rossi, P, Sorino, C, Steinhilber, G, Zanforlin, A, San Luca, O, Franzetti, F, Carugati, M, Morosi, M, Monge, E, Carone, M, Patella, V, Scarlata, S, Comel, A, Kurahashi, K, Bacha, Z, Ugalde, D, Zuniga, O, Villegas, J, Medenica, M, Mihsra, D, Shrestha, P, Ridgeon, E, Awokola, B, Adefuye Bolanle Olufunlola, O, Olumide, S, Ukwaja, K, Irfan, M, Minarowski, L, Szymon, S, Froes, F, Leuschner, P, Meireles, M, Ferrao, C, Neves, J, Abel, S, Ravara, S, Brocovschii, V, Rusu, D, Toma, C, Chirita, D, Dorobat, C, Birkun, A, Kaluzhenina, A, Almotairi, A, Ali Bukhary, Z, Edathodu, J, Fathy, A, Abdulaziz Enani, A, Mohamed, N, Memon, J, Bella, A, Bogdanovic, S, Milenkovic, B, Pesut, D, Borderias, L, Bordon Garcia, N, Alarcon, H, Cilloniz, C, Torres, A, Diaz-Brito, V, Casas, X, Gonzalez, A, Fernandez-Almira, M, Interna, M, Gallego, M, Gaspar-GarcIa, I, Gonzalez del Castillo, J, Victoria, P, Martinez, E, Malo de Molina, R, Marcos, P, Menendez, R, Pando-Sandoval, A, Aymerich, C, Lacoma de la Torre, A, Garcia-Olive, I, Rello, J, Moyano, S, Rodrigo-Troyano, A, Sole-Violan, J, Uranga, A, van Boven, J, Torra, E, Pujol, J, Feldman, C, Yum, H, Arnauld Attannon Fiogbe, I, Yangui, F, Bilaceroglu, S, Levent Dalar, I, Yilmaz, U, Bogomolov, A, Elahi, N, Dhasmana, D, Feneley, A, Hill, A, Rudran, B, Ruiz-Buitrago, S, Campbell, M, Whitaker, P, Youzguin, A, Singanayagam, A, Villafuerte, D, Allen, K, Brito, V, Dietz, J, Dysart, C, Kellie, S, Ricardo, A, Meier, G, Gaga, M, Holland, T, Bergin, S, Kheir, F, Landmeier, M, Lois, M, Nair, G, Patel, H, Reyes, K, Rodriguez-Cintron, W, Saito, S, Noda, J, Hinojosa, C, Levine, S, Reyes, L, Angel, L, Whitlow, K, Hipskind, J, Sukhija, K, Totten, V, Wunderink, R, Shah, R, Mateyo, K, Noriega, L, Alvarado, E, Aman, M, and Labra, L
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.drug_class, Aspiration risk, Antibiotics, Nursing home resident, Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Microbiology, anaerobic, aspiration, bacteria, pneumonia, risk factors, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Community-acquired pneumonia, Taverne, Anti-Bacterial Agent, medicine, Humans, Community-Acquired Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Respiratory Aspiration, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antibiotic coverage, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community-Acquired Infections, Hospitalization, Pneumonia, 030228 respiratory system, Risk factors, risk factor, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Background: Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated with anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. Research Question: What are the aspiration risk factors, microbiology patterns, and empiric anti-anaerobic use in patients hospitalized with CAP? Study Design and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of GLIMP, an international, multicenter, point-prevalence study of adults hospitalized with CAP. Patients were stratified into three groups: (1) ACAP, (2) CAP/AspRF+ (CAP with AspRF), and (3) CAP/AspRF- (CAP without AspRF). Data on demographics, comorbidities, microbiological results, and anti-anaerobic antibiotics were analyzed in all groups. Patients were further stratified in severe and nonsevere CAP groups. Results: We enrolled 2,606 patients with CAP, of which 193 (7.4%) had ACAP. Risk factors independently associated with ACAP were male, bedridden, underweight, a nursing home resident, and having a history of stroke, dementia, mental illness, and enteral tube feeding. Among non-ACAP patients, 1,709 (70.8%) had CAP/AspRF+ and 704 (29.2%) had CAP/AspRF-. Microbiology patterns including anaerobes were similar between CAP/AspRF-, CAP/AspRF+ and ACAP (0.0% vs 1.03% vs 1.64%). Patients with severe ACAP had higher rates of total gram-negative bacteria (64.3% vs 44.3% vs 33.3%, P =.021) and lower rates of total gram-positive bacteria (7.1% vs 38.1% vs 50.0%, P 50% in all groups) independent of AspRFs or ACAP received specific or broad-spectrum anti-anaerobic coverage antibiotics. Interpretation: Hospitalized patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with patients without aspiration risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in patients with severe ACAP. Despite having similar microbiological flora between groups, a large proportion of CAP patients received anti-anaerobic antibiotic coverage.
Published: 2021

45. Sulfato de zinc como adyuvante al tratamiento del niño hospitalizado por neumonía. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

Author: Kassisse-EL Hage, Elias Ibrahim, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Ysbelice, and Mayo-Márquez, Nelly
Abstract: Copyright of Acta Pediatrica de Mexico is the property of Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Evaluation of Dried Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Filter Paper Spots for Storing and Transporting Clinical Material for the Molecular Diagnosis of Invasive Meningococcal Disease.

Author: Kwambana-Adams, Brenda A., Clark, Stephen A., Tay, Nicole, Agbla, Schadrac, Chaguza, Chrispin, Kagucia, Eunice W., Borrow, Ray, and Heyderman, Robert S.
Subjects: MENINGOCOCCAL infections, FILTER paper, MOLECULAR diagnosis, CEREBROSPINAL fluid examination, CEREBROSPINAL fluid, NEISSERIA meningitidis, NUCLEOTIDE sequencing, WHOLE genome sequencing
Abstract: To improve the storage and transport of clinical specimens for the diagnosis of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) infections in resource-limited settings, we have evaluated the performance of dried blood spot (DBS) and dried cerebrospinal fluid spot (DCS) assays. DBS and DCS were prepared on filter paper from liquid specimens previously tested for Nm in the United Kingdom. Nm was detected and genogrouped by real-time PCR performed on crude genomic DNA extracted from the DBS (n = 226) and DCS (n = 226) specimens. Targeted whole-genome sequencing was performed on a subset of specimens, DBS (n = 4) and DCS (n = 6). The overall agreement between the analysis of liquid and dried specimens was (94.2%; 95% CI 90.8–96.7) for blood and (96.4%; 95% CI 93.5–98.0) for cerebrospinal fluid. Relative to liquid specimens as the reference, the DBS and DCS assays had sensitivities of (89.1%; 95% CI 82.7–93.8) and (94.2%; 95% CI 88.9–97.5), respectively, and both assays had specificities above 98%. A genogroup was identified by dried specimen analysis for 81.9% of the confirmed meningococcal infections. Near full-length Nm genome sequences (>86%) were obtained for all ten specimens tested which allowed determination of the sequence type, clonal complex, presence of antimicrobial resistance and other meningococcal genotyping. Dried blood and CSF filter spot assays offer a practical alternative to liquid specimens for the molecular and genomic characterisation of invasive meningococcal diseases in low-resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Supplementary benefits of CT-guided transthoracic lung aspiration biopsy for core needle biopsy.

Author: Jia-Huan He, Jia-Xing Ruan, Ying Lei, Zhi-Dan Hua, Xiang Chen, Da Huang, Cheng-Shui Chen, and Xu-Ru Jin
Subjects: CORE needle biopsy, LUNGS, NEEDLE biopsy, TUBERCULOSIS, MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, ELECTRONIC health records, ACINETOBACTER baumannii
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic lung core needle biopsy combined with aspiration biopsy and the clinical value of this combined routine microbial detection. Materials and methods: We retrospectively collected the electronic medical records, CT images, pathology, and other data of 1085 patients with sequential core needle biopsy and aspiration biopsy of the same lung lesion under CT guidance in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2016 to January 2021. GenXpert MTB/RIF detection and BD BACTECTM Mycobacterium/fungus culture were applied to identifying the microbiological results of these patients. We then compared the positive diagnostic rate, false negative rate, and diagnostic sensitivity rate of three methods including core needle biopsy alone, aspiration biopsy alone, and both core needle biopsy and aspiration biopsy. Results: The pathological results of cutting histopathology and aspiration of cell wax were examined for 1085 patients. The diagnostic rates of cutting and aspiration pathology were 90.1% (978/1085) and 86.3% (937/1085), respectively, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Considering both cutting and aspiration pathologies, the diagnostic rate was significantly improved, up to 98% (1063/1085) (P < 0.001). A total of 803 malignant lesions were finally diagnosed (803/1085, 74.0%). The false negative rate by cutting pathology was 11.8% (95/803), which was significantly lower than that by aspiration biopsy [31.1% (250/803), P < 0.001]. Compared with core needle biopsy alone, the false negative rate of malignant lesions decreased to 5.6% (45/803) (P < 0.05). Next, the aspirates of the malignant lesions highly suspected of corresponding infection were cultured. The results showed that 16 cases (3.1%, 16/511) were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Aspergillus niger, and Acinetobacter baumannii, which required clinical treatment. 803 malignant tumors were excluded and 282 cases of benign lesions were diagnosed, including 232 cases of infectious lesions (82.3%, 232/282). The diagnostic rate of Mycobacterium/fungus culture for infectious lesions by aspiration biopsy (47.4%) was significantly higher than that by lung core needle biopsy (22.8%; P < 0.001). The diagnostic rate of aspiration biopsy combined with core needle biopsy was 56% (130/232). The parallel diagnostic rate of aspirated biopsy for GenXpert detection and Mycobacterium/fungal culture combined with core needle biopsy was 64.7% (150/232), which was significantly higher than that of lung core needle biopsy alone (P < 0.001). Finally, pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 90 cases (38.8%) of infectious lesions. Compared with the sensitivity of core needle biopsy to detect tuberculosis (27.8%, 25/90), the sensitivity of aspirating biopsy for GenXpert detection and Mycobacterium/fungal culture was significantly higher, at 70% (63/90) and 56.7% (51/90), respectively. Although there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of aspirated biopsy for GenXpert and Mycobacterium/fungal culture to detect pulmonary tuberculosis, the sensitivity was significantly increased to 83.3% (P < 0.05) when the two tests were combined. Moreover, when aspirated biopsies were combined with GenXpert detection, Mycobacterium/fungus culture, and core needle biopsy, the sensitivity was as high as 90% (81/90). Conclusion: CT-guided lung aspiration biopsy has a significant supplementary effect on core needle biopsies, which is indispensable in clinical application. Additionally, the combination of aspiration biopsy and core needle biopsy can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of benign and malignant lesions. Aspiration biopsy showed that pulmonary malignant lesions are complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, aspergillus, and other infections. Finally, the diagnostic ability of lung puncture core needle biopsy and aspiration biopsy combined with routine microbial detection under CT positioning in the diagnosis of pulmonary infectious diseases was significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pediatric pneumonia confirmed by ultrasound: a matched case-control study.

Author: Checkley, William, Hossen, Shakir, McCollum, Eric D., Pervaiz, Farhan, Miele, Catherine H., Chavez, Miguel A., Moulton, Lawrence H., Simmons, Nicole, Roy, Arunangshu D., Chowdhury, Nabidul H., Ahmed, Salahuddin, Begum, Nazma, Quaiyum, Abdul, Santosham, Mathuram, and Baqui, Abdullah H.
Abstract: Background: Bangladesh introduced the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) for children aged < 1 year in March 2015. Previous vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies for pneumonia have used invasive pneumococcal disease or chest X-rays. None have used ultrasound. We sought to determine the VE of PCV10 against sonographically-confirmed pneumonia in three subdistrict health complexes in Bangladesh.Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study between July 2015 and September 2017 in three subdistricts of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Cases were vaccine-eligible children aged 3-35 months with sonographically-confirmed pneumonia, who were matched with two types of controls by age, sex, week of diagnosis, subdistrict health complex (clinic controls) or distance from subdistrict health complex (community controls) and had an illness unlikely due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (clinic controls) or were healthy (community controls). VE was measured using multivariable conditional logistic regression.Results: We evaluated 8926 children (average age 13.3 months, 58% boys) with clinical pneumonia by ultrasound; 2470 had pneumonia with consolidations ≥ 1 cm; 1893 pneumonia cases were matched with 4238 clinic controls; and 1832 were matched with 3636 community controls. VE increased with the threshold used for consolidation size on ultrasound: the adjusted VE of ≥ 2 doses vs. non-recipients of PCV10 against pneumonia increased from 15.8% (95% CI 1.6-28.0%) for consolidations ≥ 1 cm to 29.6% (12.8-43.2%) for consolidations ≥ 1.5 cm using clinic controls and from 2.7% (- 14.2-17.2%) to 23.5% (4.4-38.8%) using community controls, respectively.Conclusions: PCV10 was effective at reducing sonographically-confirmed pneumonia in children aged 3-35 months of age when compared to unvaccinated children. VE increased with the threshold used for consolidation size on ultrasound in clinic and community controls alike. This study provides evidence that lung ultrasound is a useful alternative to chest X-ray for case-control studies evaluating the effectiveness of vaccines against pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Characterizing Sustained Use of Cleaner Cooking Fuel in Rural Poor Households of South India.

Author: Kumar, Praveen, Du, Maritha, and Ma, Mingyue
Subjects: RURAL poor, LIQUEFIED petroleum gas, HOUSEHOLDS, FORM perception, POOR communities
Abstract: Approximately 40% of the global population (primarily rural poor) rely on traditional cookstoves, with pernicious social, economic, and health outcomes. The Government of India launched its massive Prime Ministers' Ujjwala scheme in 2016 to promote liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a cleaner cooking system, in poor communities. While there has been a surge in adoption, consistent use of LPG has been tepid. We examined the trend of use of LPG for 18 months in 58 poor households of South India. In place of soliciting survey questions on stove usage, we deployed stove use monitoring technologies to accurately measure the use of LPG and traditional stoves. We also analyzed factors characterizing LPG use. None of the households used LPG for more than 55% of their cooking time. LPG refill transportation, perception of faster cooking, and caste were significant predictors of LPG use. The findings highlight that social workers must engage with these communities to improve their awareness and shape their perceptions of cleaner cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. A cluster-randomised, non-inferiority trial of the impact of a two-dose compared to three-dose schedule of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in rural Gambia: the PVS trial.

Author: Mackenzie, Grant A., Osei, Isaac, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Hossain, Ilias, Young, Benjamin, Secka, Ousman, D'Alessandro, Umberto, Palmu, Arto A., Jokinen, Jukka, Hinds, Jason, Flasche, Stefan, Mulholland, Kim, Nguyen, Cattram, and Greenwood, Brian
Abstract: Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) effectively prevent pneumococcal disease but the global impact of pneumococcal vaccination is hampered by the cost of PCV. The relevance and feasibility of trials of reduced dose schedules is greatest in middle- and low-income countries, such as The Gambia, where PCV has been introduced with good disease control but where transmission of vaccine-type pneumococci persists. We are conducting a large cluster-randomised, non-inferiority, field trial of an alternative reduced dose schedule of PCV compared to the standard schedule, the PVS trial.Methods: PVS is a prospective, cluster-randomised, non-inferiority, real-world field trial of an alternative schedule of one dose of PCV scheduled at age 6 weeks with a booster dose at age 9 months (i.e. the alternative '1 + 1' schedule) compared to the standard schedule of three primary doses scheduled at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age (i.e. the standard '3 + 0' schedule). The intervention will be delivered for 4 years. The primary endpoint is the population-level prevalence of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage in children aged 2 weeks to 59 months with clinical pneumonia in year 4 of the trial. Participants and field staff are not masked to group allocation while measurement of the laboratory endpoint will be masked. Sixty-eight geographic population clusters have been randomly allocated, in a 1:1 ratio, to each schedule and all resident infants are eligible for enrolment. All resident children less than 5 years of age are under continuous surveillance for clinical safety endpoints measured at 11 health facilities; invasive pneumococcal disease, radiological pneumonia, clinical pneumonia, and hospitalisations. Secondary endpoints include the population-level prevalence of nasopharyngeal vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage in years 2 and 4 and vaccine-type carriage prevalence in unimmunised infants aged 6-12 weeks in year 4. The trial includes components of mathematical modelling, health economics, and health systems research.Discussion: Analysis will account for potential non-independence of measurements by cluster, comparing the population-level impact of the two schedules with interpretation at the individual level. The non-inferiority margin is informed by the 'acceptable loss of effect' of the alternative compared to the standard schedule. The secondary endpoints will provide substantial evidence to support the interpretation of the primary endpoint. PVS will evaluate the effect of transition from a standard 3+ 0 schedule to an alternative 1 + 1 schedule in a setting of high pneumococcal transmission. The results of PVS will inform global decision-making concerning the use of reduced-dose PCV schedules.Trial Registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number 15056916 . Registered on 15 November 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Category

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

135 results on '"Ebruke, B."'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources