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El presente artículo tiene por objetivo general mostrar cómo se consolidó una ciudad indígena posterior a la conquista, es decir, después de los huesos rotos y durante los primeros años de la administración de la Monarquía española en el Nuevo Mundo, para lo cual se centrará en las conexiones e interconexiones que gestaron los agentes o intermediarios de la Corona. Es así como la investigación está dividida en tres aspectos. El primero se referirá al modo de agregación del Señorío acolhua a la Corona española; el segundo se centrará en el papel de la evangelización, así como las relaciones entre los españoles y los indios nobles; por último, las alianzas y beneficios que los indígenas nobles recibieron mediante el apoyo de los españoles peninsulares, siendo la base de esta ayuda la influencia de los franciscanos, lo cual demostrará la importancia de las redes políticas.

Copyright of Trace: Travaux et Recherches dans les Amériques du Centre is the property of Centro de Estudios Mexicanos & Centroamericanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the last couple of years, the Texcoco coat of arms has received much attention, yet there is no agreement on the interpretation of some of its heraldic elements or its date and authorship. In this article the author presents a new iconographic study accompanied by a review of an important part of Texcoco's history to demonstrate that the goal of the artist who painted this coat of arms was to exalt that city's most significant political events: Nezahualcoyotl's conquest of the Acolhua capital of Coatlinchan and the relocation of its court to Texcoco. Various additional aspects suggest that this coat of arms pertains to the first half of the seventeenth century; they also provide clues to the possible identity of the intellectual author of this shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recorded the presence of an individual of Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) with diluted plumage and two of the Northern Shoveler (Spatula clypeata), one with progressive graying and another one with partial leucism in Lake Nabor Carrillo, Texcoco, State of Mexico. These observations represent the first records of aberrant coloration for these species in Mexico. Documenting such cases can help to understand the frequency of chromatic aberrations, as well as mechanisms of speciation in different groups of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only one of two opening compositions in the Codex Xolotl has been recognized. The conventional version shows the entry of Xolotl, Nopaltzin, and six lesser rulers into the Basin of Mexico from near Tula, Hidalgo, followed by settlement at Xoloc and later a place that will become Tenayuca. The manuscript’s two larger fragments, assembled correctly for the first time, show Xolotl and Nopaltzin observing and moving across a more settled eastern basin into regions to the south ranging from Puebla to Morelos, notably including Cuernavaca. At the same time, they and their six followers are shown settled among caves in the western basin around the future Tenayuca. The two Chichimecs attract fellow Chichimecs from the Cuernavaca region to the Tepetlaoztoc region and trouble ensues. These two realizations of a Chichimec vision of empire are well recorded by the remarkable Aztec graphic communication system. Its portrayal of changes to different ways of life over the centuries reveals an interplay of an oral gathering and hunting culture with a settled society, recording the Chichimec experience and their own way of life with their combined oral and graphic system. Elements of the Chichimecs’ visions of empire endure throughout the Codex Xolotl as its messaging power shines across the contact period and into early colonial times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leucism is a chromatic aberration, defined as the absence of melanin that is expressed in whole or in part of the plumage of a bird. We recorded an individual adult of American Coot (Fulica americana) with leucism in Lake Nabor Carrillo in Texcoco, State of Mexico. The American Coot is a bird with a wide geographic distribution, common in aquatic habitats from Alaska to northern South America. We observed this Coot on 29 and 31 May and 26 June 2020, in Lake Nabor Carrillo. Although there are several reports of birds with leucism, this record represents the first documented case of leucism for this species in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents some results of the study of the pictographic map of Patlachiuhqui and Moyotepec, Texcoco (ca. 1592). This map illustrates significant features that make it possible to reconstruct the water and soil landscape of the area of Acolhuacan in the eastern region of the Valley of Mexico. Of particular interest is the continued use of two aqueducts, possibly constructed by Nezahualcoyotl in the 15th century, that today have been turned to new purposes. The study is based on the analysis of the different spaces, drawings, glyphs and glosses portrayed on this pictographic map, information contained in documents included in the background file, and other historical sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the New International Airport of Mexico in the Texcoco has caused fierce controversy between the government, business and society. It has been questioned from the selection of the place, the contractual bidding process and even legal-environmental irregularities, being this last dimension object of analysis of the present investigation. The deductive-inductive, analysis-synthesis and sociological were used as methods. As main result was the lack of observance of the Mexican legal order to execute said constructive megaproject, opposition of the citizens directly affected by the works and that the popular consultation is an effective instrument in the decision making by the public power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term “Aztecs” is being mostly used as a collective name of the inhabitants of three in the Valley of Mexico (in Central Mexico) situated allied prehispanic city-states Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. Although in recent decades various aspects of the Aztec culture have been intensively researched, no systematic interest awakened for the Aztec law. The study deals with the current state of research of the Aztec law, the written and unwritten sources of its knowledge, its fundamental characteristics as a research object, and its social and cultural-historical context. The paper shows that a systematic research of the Aztec law should focus not only on the Aztec law as such, but also on its social, economic, political, and cultural contexts as well as on the Aztec worldview (ideology, religion).

Copyright of Agro Productividad is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The environmental dimension is linked to the construction of the New Mexico City International Airport, now in the municipality of Texcoco, as part of the State of Mexico. This airport is no longer located in Mexico City, which takes on another meaning in terms of public administration and governance. Environmental is expected to be a process linked to the socio-territorial configuration, and present modification in the first instance at the local level, which will be observable in the course of the building of the airport project. This paper presents research results with data from surveys conducted, fieldwork, data analysis, which allows us to infer the environmental trend in the municipality of Texcoco with the installation of the new international airport as well as the effect on the area of influence more immediate. The significance of this dimension and the opinion of the people can know the possible impact of the largest international airport in Latin America, and according to official version, of the three largest in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban and local are dimensions that are placed in the construction of the largest urban megaproject at Mexico in the last forty years. The headquarters of a new Mexico City International Airport will be the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico, located east of the same State of Mexico and northeastern Mexico City, local and regional issues becomes relevant in investigations, are engine development and urban infrastructure decisions beyond the local impact and its effect is likely to have effect on the regional given its economic, social, cultural, environmental and political characteristics. This paper presents investigative results derived from application of surveys, fieldwork, interviews with academics and political actors, visits to various communities near the area of study, complemented with documentary information, which can generate knowledge of a subject it becomes relevant in local and regional. The aim of this work is to know better the local, urban and regional as key elements in the study of the most important urban megaproject of Mexico over the last four decades. It is a scientific study, it contains method, type of research and methodological tools used in the research process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juan de Cuéllar dans une probanza présentée en 15311, est un conquistador qui tente d’obtenir des prébendes après avoir participé à la Conquête du Mexique et sa colonisation. Mais sa demande se distingue des nombreuses autres parce qu’elle n’insiste pas sur ses exploits éventuels (pourtant avérés) : l’auteur cherche bien à mettre en valeur son rôle dans la Conquête, mais ses demandes tournent autour du patrimoine foncier de sa femme indienne dont il souhaite récupérer au moins deux villes de la province de Tezcoco à défaut de la totalité de ses possessions.

The shear-wave velocity profile at the Texcoco strong motion accelerograph array site was evaluated down to 39 m using Seismic Cone Penetrometry (SCPT). The hard layer from 28 m to 29 m was drilled to allow penetration to greater depths. The results are compared with those obtained from shear-wave reflection/refraction, and from the inversion of microtremor data. All the studies agree on the depth and shear-wave velocity above the hard layer, but diverge below it. Depths of discontinuities are in accordance with drillhole data.

Se presenta un perfil de velocidades de ondas S obtenido en el sitio de la Red Sísmica de Texcoco, México. Se empleó el método de Penetrometría de Cono Sísmico (SCPT) hasta una profundidad de 39 metros bajo la superficie. Se encontró la capa dura a 28 metros y se perforó hasta 29 metros para continuar con el penetrómetro a profundidades mayores. Los resultados se comparan con los obtenidos en sísmica de reflexión y refracción, y con datos de inversión de microtemblores. Todos los estudios disponibles concuerdan entre sí, hasta llegar a la capa dura, pero hay algunas diferencias en cuanto al perfil a mayores profundidades. Las profundidades de las discontinuidades concuerdan con las reportadas en perforaciones de pozos. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2005.44.1.548

Se apiicó un método para la producción e integración de fotomapas digitales con fines de evaluación del crecimiento de las principales áreas urbanas en Texcoco. Mexico. Se elaboraron tres fotomapas. Se evaluaron sus exactitudes caltográficas con base en: a) la medida del error medio cuadrático total por foto (E), evaluado al georreferir las fotografías tomando la posición de los puntos de control de¡ terreno previamente al proceso de corrección geométrica, y b) las diferencias de posición entre algunos de los rasgos de las fotografias aéreas corregidas geométricamente, al compararlos con los mismos rasgos digitizados de una caitografia existente a escala detallada ( 1 : l O 000). Los resultados muestran que ia metodologia empleada es accesible, útil y válida en términos de exactitud cartográfica, para registrar y cuantificar cambios en la extensión de las áreas urbanas con relieve casi plano. Se encontró que existe un crecimiento sustancial en algunos sectores del area evaluada, paiticularmente en los fraccionamientos Lomas de Cristo y Lomas de San Esteban, con un porcentaje acumulado de crecimiento hasta de 346% durante el periodo considerado (1970-1997).

A shallow non-destructive geophysical survey was conducted in the archaeological site of Chapingo in the Texcoco Region, Mexico. The survey combines the application of Seismic Refraction Tomography and Magnetometry in order to identify and differentiate geological and archaeological features in the first 10 m of the subsoil. The results and the characteristics of the seismic and the magnetic anomalies depicte features suggesting the presence of structures like a water-well, transit or irrigation channels, dams and mounds or tlatels. A SE-NW oriented riverbed was also identified. Based on the geologic and human histories of the region, we suppose the riverbed dates from the Pre-Historic period, and that the other structural features have a Pre-Hispanic and/or Colonial origin. Our findings exemplify that the combination of geophysical tech-niques is a precise, detailed and high-resolution tool appropriate to solve ar-chaeological and civil engineer problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historiografía Lingüística (BSEHL) is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Historiografia Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"The Fountain Lovers" is a story in Spanish about a young man from the Sierra de Texcoco who was captured by the ahuaques or the chief water spirits. Juan, son of a midwife of Guadalupe Amanalco, was wed within a fountain to Queen Xochitl, the ruler of the ahuaque world. The retrieval of Juan's spirit was a complex episode in which two graniceros (weather specialists) intervened. The story, narrated by his mother, describes how the graniceros delivered offerings to replace the objects which Juan had broken causing the aggression, how they created disagreements in the relations between Juan and the Queen with stinking smells, and how, finally, taking advantage of the breakdown of the marriage, they rescued Juan's spirit and returned it to the body of the invalid. But even when cured, Juan continued to believe that he lived in a luxurious palace under the water. The text offers original information on the nature of the world of the water divinities in the Sierra de Texcoco and the rites of healing. Paradoxically, this information is given in Spanish. The testimony is presented with an introductory text which places it in the linguistic panorama and in the cosmological context of the Nahua mountain dwellers and provides a few keys to reading with the correct understanding. It is meant for ethnologists versed in Mesoamerican cosmologies and those studying Nahua culture, as well as for non-specialized readers curious about these topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A combined near surface geophysical survey conducted in San Miguel Tocuila show that geophysical methods offer the possibility to characterize and reconstruct the geometry of subsurface structures without destroying the deposits, providing a way to find solutions to the questions of archaeological or engineering significance. The survey consisted of the application magnetometry, seismic refraction tomography (SRT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) within a depth range of 10m. Before Spanier conquest San Miguel Tocuila was a very prominent suburb of the main Aztec ceremonial complex located on the eastern margin of Lake Texcoco, central Mexico, where several mounds known as Tlateles in Nahuatl language have been identified. Nowadays, the rapid expansion of Mexico City''s metropolitan area within the last four decades has strongly influenced Tocuila''s environment and has compromised several of its archaeological and ancient human settlements. This study shows how the high resolution imagining of non-invasive geophysical methodologies in addition with surface archaeological studies [Parsons, J.R., 1971. Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Texcoco Region, Mexico. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Number 3] provide different kinds of information that characterize the subsoil and a buried structure. Based on the history of the ancient settlements in the zone and considering the characteristics of shape and height of the structure, we interpreted that the subsurface images obtained depict a buried Tlatel which corresponds to a ceremonial–civic center of Late Aztec times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Reliability analysis on flood defences designed without probabilistic criteria. • Characterizing precipitation and evaporation time series • Generation of water level data using copulas, Markov chains, and hydrological data. • The resulting probability of failure is consistent with historical sources. In some cases, hydraulic infrastructures of different sizes and importance are built without formal design criteria and it may be desired to infer the reliability level for which it was originally designed. In this paper, we present a method to perform the reliability analysis of a dike that was, in all likelihood, designed without probabilistic criteria. This is the Nezahualcoyotl dike, an ancient structure built by the Aztec empire around 1445 in modern-day Mexico City. The method consists of 1. Characterizing time-series of relevant environmental variables. We use precipitation and evaporation by combining a discrete time-state Markov chain with a copula-based stochastic process. 2. Simulating from the time series model a large number of observations to "load" the structure of interest and finally, 3. Compute the probability of failure of the structure with respect to a failure mechanism. In this case, we focus on overflow. The proposed model is able to reproduce to a good extent the hydrology of the system. The return period for overflow obtained in our research is consistent with historical accounts. This work can be used as a reference to assess the reliability of other (ancient or present-day) structures whose design is based on informal criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este trabajo se investiga el comportamiento hidráulico del sistema acuífero salino de Texcoco, cerca de la ciudad de México, mediante la evaluación de los datos históricos, estudios de campo y análisis numérico del flujo subterráneo y el transporte de solutos dentro de un gran campo de pozos de donde se extraen las aguas salobres para fines industriales. Los dos acuíferos de poco espesor que se explotan en esta área están limitados por acuitardos de alta compresibilidad, los cuales proporcionan enormes volúmenes de agua a los acuíferos, por filtración. Para el modelado del flujo se utiliza un sistema de ecuaciones integrodiferenciales quasi-tridimensional que se resuelve numéricamente mediante un sistema triangular de elementos finitos. El modelo del transporte masivo de solutos está basado en el método de características combinado con un rastreo de partículas. Ambos modelos están calibrados con precisión, de acuerdo con las mediciones piezométricas de campo y los datos de distribución de concentraciones provenientes de los pozos explotados. Los nidos piezométricos instalados en el acuitardo arcilloso superficial indican que en las áreas intensamente bombeadas, la infiltración pluvial está diluyendo las concentraciones de agua de las porosidades del acuitardo, lo que podría explicar las concentraciones decrecientes que han sido observadas recientemente en los pozos explotados. El análisis de los datos de campo indica también que el acuitardo superficial está fracturado y es probable que la red de fracturas juegue un papel importante en el movimiento de solutos en el acuitardo. Los modelos aquí descritos se están utilizando en la actualidad para investigar las posibles estrategias alternativas para su manejo, con el fin de optimizar la producción del campo de bombeo industrial. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1989.28.2.1035