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This study proposes a sandwich structure 1-3 piezoelectric composite, incorporating flexible silicone rubber to enhance the thickness vibration mode of piezoelectric ceramics. Rigid aluminum nitride (AlN) is employed to bolster the mechanical stability of the composite. Utilizing equivalent parameter theory, we establish a mathematical model for the sandwich structure composite material. The impact of the piezoelectric phase size and the volume fraction of AlN on several performance parameters of the material are analyzed, including the thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, density, sound velocity, and characteristic impedance. The sandwich structure piezoelectric composite was fabricated using the "cutting and filling" technique. Experimental outcomes reveal that this material demonstrates concentrated thickness vibration modes, with a thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient reaching as high as 0.72, a 16.6 % increase compared to traditional 1-3 piezoelectric composites. Results from thermal shock tests and tensile tests suggest that the sandwich structure 1-3 piezoelectric composite has considerable potential for use in highly reliable low-frequency receiving transducers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the commercialized silicone‐based thermal interface materials' issues such as oil leakage and mechanical damage, we developed a thermoset silicone rubber matrix (SR) achieved through the condensation reaction of hydroxyl silicone oil and tetraethyl silicate. Additionally, we constructed a self‐healing and recyclable silicone rubber matrix (SCNR) by incorporating heat reversible ionic and hydrogen bonds between carboxyl and amino functionalized polydimethylsiloxane. Finally, the flexible, low oil leakage, self‐healing, and recyclable composites Al2O3/BN@SR/SCNR was prepared by adjusting the ratio of SR/SCNR and the spherical alumina and boron nitride (BN) fillers. The results indicated that with SR/SCNR mass ratio of 1/0.075 and filler content of 70 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite reaches 1.866 W m−1 K−1, 646% increasing over the SR/SCNR matrix. The self‐healing efficiency reaches 97% and the thermal conductivity remains essentially unchanged after being recycled for three times. The composites can be bent and twisted multiple times and still return to their original shape. Notably, the oil leakage of the Al2O3/BN@SR/SCNR composites is significantly lower than that of additive silicone composites. Therefore, the recyclable thermal conductivity composite developed in this study provides a promising solution for improving the durability of heat dissipation materials in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone rubber foam (SRF), the CoFe‐LDH was fabricated by coprecipitation method and used as flame‐retardant ingredient in SRF. The influence of CoFe‐LDH on the flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and thermal stability of SRF was investigated. The results demonstrate that SRF containing only 1.0 phr CoFe‐LDH can pass V‐0 rating in the vertical combustion test, with a limiting oxygen index of 28.6%. The total heat release and total smoke production are 22.2% and 61.1% lower than that of SRF, respectively. Moreover, CoFe‐LDH can improve the thermal stability of SRF in the high temperature range, and the char residue at 900°C of SRF/LDH composite is obviously higher than that of pure SRF. In addition, to further understand the flame‐retardant mechanism of CoFe‐LDH, the micromorphology of the char residue and the gaseous products during heating for SRF and SRF/LDH composite were analyzed. The results indicate that CoFe‐LDH exhibits excellent flame‐retardant effects in both condensed and gaseous phases for its functions of catalysis, carbonization, and nonflammable gas release. This study provides a more efficient and convenient strategy for the flame retardant and smoke suppression research of SRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A soft and stretchable safeguarding silicone rubber is obtained by embedding large amount of shell‐less shear thickening fluid (STF) droplets into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix through the synergistic process of emulsification and polymerization. Feeding time and temperature are optimized to generate the efficient STFs with 72.2 wt% SiO2 and high thickening viscosity of 6340 Pa·s. The embedding process and the evolution of the shell‐less STF droplets in PDMS matrix are explored by both optical and scanning electronic microscopes. The influence of the STF content on the mechanical and anti‐impact performance of the composites is explored through tensile tests and drop hammer tests. The STF content could be as much as 75 wt%, which enhances not only the softness and stretchability (elongation at break >200%) but also the impact‐protective performance of the silicone rubber. The STF/PDMS composites covering on planar and nonplanar glass substrates demonstrate self‐adaptive protection effect by reducing the force impact peak by 35%, due to the shear thickening and energy absorption of STF in the composites. This study develops a facile and scalable method for the implantation of the STF into polymer matrix, extending the applications of STF/PDMS composites in varied fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the electronic industry develops rapidly, the miniaturisation, integration and multifunctionality of electronic devices have resulted in a dramatic increase in power density, and the heat dispersal of electronic devices has attracted much attention. In this work, hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (BN-H) was obtained by hot alkali treatment, and boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with a thickness of about 4 nm were obtained by boric acid-assisted ball milling stripping. The effects of different types of fillers as well as filler contents on the thermally conductive and mechanical performance of organosilicon composites were also compared. Notably, when BN-H and BNNS thermally conductive fillers were added at 12 wt%, the thermally conductive coefficients of the composites were 0.4831 W·m−1·K−1 and 0.7131 W·m−1 K−1, respectively, which were 183% and 318% of higher than that for the pure silicone rubber (SR, with a thermally conductive coefficient of 0.1706 W·m−1·K−1). In addition, in respect of mechanical performance, the tensile strengths of SR/BN-H and SR/BNNS composites with a filling level of 12 wt% were 3.59 MPa and 3.89 MPa, respectively, and the storage moduli were 4501 MPa and 4583 MPa, respectively, which were improved to a certain extent compared with pure SR. The present work provides an effective way to develop organosilicone rubber composites with good thermal conductivity and mechanical properties by boric acid assisted ball milling to strip boron nitride in the field of electronics packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of lithium battery technology is leading to the increasing miniaturization of electronic devices, thereby elevating the demand for dielectric materials with exceptionally high thermal conductivity and dielectric properties. In this study, the composites were fabricated by integrating multilayer core‐shell hybrid structure particles into silicone rubber (SR). These particles were created by attaching the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and the silane coupling agent (KH570) onto the surface of highly thermally conductive ceramic particles aluminum nitride (AlN). The combination of PPy and KH570 serves to enhance the interfacial compatibility between AlN and SR, thereby concurrently enhancing the thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites. The experimental results demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the 50 phr AlN‐PPy‐KH570/SR composite was 0.37 W/(m · K), 1.65 times higher than that of pure SR (0.23 W/(m · K)). Additionally, the dielectric constant of the composite increased to 4.59, 1.32 times that of pure SR (3.48). Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature of the composite was elevated to 475°C. The synthesized SR composites hold promise for widespread use in miniaturized electronic devices operating in high‐frequency and high‐temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing technology has driven the development of flexible and stretchable electronic devices. In this field, silver‐based silicone rubber composites have emerged as promising materials due to their commendable conductivity, stretchability, and printability. However, the manufacturing of stretchable silver electrode materials at room temperature faced significant challenges, including intricate ink preparation methods, phase separation requiring high‐temperature annealing, and subpar conductivity. To address these issues, SP‐RTV ink was developed by mechanically blending room‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) with commercial conductive silver paste (SP). Subsequently, the 3D‐printed SP‐RTV electrodes were both stretchable and curable at room temperature, demonstrating excellent conductivity across various substrates. By optimizing the ink ratio, we achieved outstanding electrical conductivity of 5.17 × 105 S/m for the SP‐RTV electrode comprising 90 wt% silver paste. Moreover, the SP‐RTV electrodes containing 70 wt% silver paste exhibited excellent stretchability of 110% along with a gauge factor of 14.87, making them suitable for detecting finger and wrist movements. Additionally, the 80 wt% SP‐RTV maintained stable relative resistance changes during stretching, positioning it aptly for intrinsic stretchable organic electrochemical transistor applications. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the room‐temperature manufacturing of flexible electrodes, paving the way for advancements in this burgeoning field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallium-based liquid metal has significant research value in interfacial heat transfer due to high its thermal conductivity. However, its great fluidity frequently causes the risk of leakage and corrosion when in direct contact with heat sinks. In this paper, a high-performance thermal pad with diphase continuous structure reinforced by liquid metal is proposed. Nickel-coated copper particles connected by liquid metal ensure heat-transfer performance, while silicone rubber provides softness and strength. Utilizing the remarkable processability and insulation properties of conventional polymers, they function as a barrier layer to avoid liquid metal from overflowing. The findings indicate that the composite exhibits favorable insulation performance, mechanical characteristics, and a thermal conductivity of up to 12.41 W/(m K). Most notably, the problem of liquid metal overflow has been effectively resolved, rendering it highly applicable in the field of thermal management within the electronics industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The over‐loading of heat‐resistant fillers in silicone rubber creates a contradiction between heat resistance and mechanical properties, thus greatly limiting the durability of silicone rubber products in cutting‐edge applications and complex scenarios. To address this issue, silicone rubber was filled with octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) and crosslinked with 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane (DBPMH) in an attempt to obtain composites with excellent mechanical properties and great thermal stability. Optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed the size of POSS crystals decreased and the characteristic peaks disappeared after the peroxide crosslinked the polymer at elevated temperature. Specifically, silicone rubber composite filled with 0.1 phr POSS and 1.0 phr CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 10.2 MPa and elongation at a break of 450%. Further, the strength and elongation could be kept after thermo‐oxidative aging at 250°C for 32 h. Thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrate that the addition of POSS and CNT into silicone rubber exhibits a synergistic effect, markedly improving the thermal stability of the material. This method provides a valuable reference for manufacturing silicone rubber products that possess both excellent mechanical properties and high thermal stability under extreme working conditions. Highlights: A novel silicone rubber composite with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability was prepared.A small amount of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carbon nanotubes exhibited a synergistic effect to improve thermal stability.The dependence of the morphological evolution of POSS crystals in SR on the 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane and temperature was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic electrostatic actuators have become a research hotspot for their inherent flexibility and safety of human-machine interaction. This paper aims to combine the characteristics of dielectric elastomers and fluid actuators, enhancing the dielectric constant and breakdown field strength by modifying Al2O3 on the surface of nanostructured BaTiO3 and in order to develop a hydraulic electrostatic actuator with silicone rubber as the matrix material. Single-factor experiments were firstly conducted to confirm the range of three factors affecting the actuation strain of the actuator: BaTiO3@Al2O3 content, thickness of the silicone rubber elastomer film, and pre-stretching ratio coefficient. The response surface methodology was used to study the interactive influence of the above three influencing factors on the actuation strain. It was obtained that A has an insignificant influence on the actuation strain, AB has a significant influence on the actuation strain, and B, C, AC, and BC have a highly influence on the actuation strain. Maximizing actuation strain as the optimization objective yielded the combination results of each factor: BaTiO3@Al2O3 content of 2.57%, thickness of 0.60 mm, and pre-stretching ratio coefficient of 2.50. Actuation strain tests were conducted with optimized parameters under no-load. The experimental results of the actuation strain test show that the relative error between the test value and the model prediction value of 16.47% is less than 5%, and the optimization model results are reliable. The optimized hydraulic electrostatic actuator was tested for actuation strain and electrical performance under different loads. The experiment showed that the maximum actuation strain of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator was 17.20% under a load of 100 g. The critical breakdown current of the actuator ranged from 115 μA to 130 μA, and the maximum electromechanical conversion efficiency of the actuator under different loads was 67.93%. Finally, a joint actuating device was developed based on the structure of the actuator, amplifying the output displacement of the actuator to 30 mm, and the linear displacement of the soft electro-fluid actuator can be converted into a 20° rotation angle through the gear steering mechanism, thus validating the effectiveness of the hydraulic electrostatic actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for chip heat dissipation has led to more challenges in designing and regulating thermal interface materials with high performance. It is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the design and mechanism of thermal conduction path built by thermal conductive fillers. Diamond, in particular, has garnered significant attention. In this study, we constructed three-dimensional particle random distribution models of diamond/silicone rubber composites based on the morphological characteristics of common industrial-grade diamond. We also conducted experiments with different morphologies and filling amounts of diamonds in silicone rubber to better understand the effect of diamond fillers on the thermal conductivity of the composites. From the model simulation, thermal conductivity and actual LED temperature rise tests, the study reveals that broken single-crystal diamond with lamellae or rod-like with large aspect ratio or radius-thickness ratio is easier to form thermal transfer paths than spherical or spherical-like diamond under low filling content. Ultimately, the silicone rubber composites filled with intact hexa-octahedral single-crystal diamonds achieve the highest thermal conductivity as a result of the formation of more comprehensive three-dimensional heat dissipation network (1.357 W/(m K), 80 wt.%). In comparison with silicone rubber composites filled with spherical Al2O3 (0.995 W/(m K), 80wt.%) and pure silicone rubber (0.21 W/(m K), 80 wt.%), the thermal conductivity increases by 36% and 546%, respectively. The revelation of the construction law and mechanism of different diamond morphologies on the thermal conduction path of thermal interface materials provides a theoretical basis for broadening the application of diamond in the design of thermal interface materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric elastomers (DEs), have attracted interest because they can replicate the behavior of muscles. They can change shape when subjected to an electric field. A novel DE is proposed in this study that incorporates silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires into silicone rubber (SR). The nanowires were propagated using polycarbosilane via a chemical vapor reaction (CVR). A boronate polymer was employed to promote compatibility between SR and SiC nanowires which modified the nanowire surfaces, leveraging a strong adhesive quality of the catechol moiety. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing was then used to form the DEs into various shapes. These DEs had substantial dielectric constants of the order of 4.46. Significantly, one of the DEs achieved the highest actuated area strain of 20.36% in an electric field of 16.5 V/μm, demonstrating excellent driving performance. Furthermore, when used the fabricated DEs showed pronounced long‐term stability, meaning they are capable of finding applications in artificial intelligence, biomimetics, aerospace, and other disciplines. Highlights: The SiC nanowires were obtained through a chemical vapor reaction.A boronate polymer with catechol moiety was used to modify the SiC nanowires.DEs were formed various shapes by inkjet printing.DEs achieved very large actuated strains of up to 20.36% at 16.5 V/μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable technology refers to the devices that are integrated with textiles, or implanted in the body or plants for smart monitoring. Hence, this wearable technology has attracted tremendous attention from researchers globally due to its smart functions to be useful for mankind. The key target of this review is to examine the potential of rubber composite materials for such wearable devices. The rubber composites reviewed explore silicone rubber as a rubber matrix (SR). Another objective includes the use of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in pristine and functionalization forms explored as reinforcing fillers. Moreover, prospects of CNT including their structure, properties, and types are explored both in pristine and functionalized state are reviewed. Following this, the mechanical, and electrical, properties of such composites are reviewed. The reported results show that the reinforcing properties are strongly improved by adding functional groups to CNT in rubber composite. These improvements in reinforcing properties are assisted by the functional groups like carboxyl (OH), carbonyl (CO), epoxy, and alkoxy (CO) on the surface of filler are useful. They assist in improving the filler‐rubber compatibility thereby improving filler dispersion and thus finally mechanical and electrical properties. Following this, such improved properties are explored for specific real‐time wearable technologies. This real‐time monitoring includes nursing plant pulse growth monitoring, health monitoring, and humidity sensors. The review further proposes that the functionalized CNTs can be useful for obtaining robust real‐time strain‐sensing monitoring. Moreover, it assists in obtaining sharp response time, strain sensitivity, and good stretchability. Finally, the prospects and challenges are explored discussing the real‐time monitoring of these sensors. Highlights: Configurations for nursing plant growth and other monitoring parameters are reviewed.The properties of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes reinforced silicone rubber for wearable technology were reviewed.The mechanical, and electrical aspects of functionalized carbon nanotubes were comparatively reviewed.Applications such as wearable strain sensors, humidity sensors, and wearable plant pulse monitoring sensors were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observation of 2D cell migration is integral to understanding fundamental biological phenomena and disease progression. However, migratory dynamic analysis is often reliant on computational tools that vary in accessibility and data resolution. Therefore, we aim to improve the throughput and accessibility of analysis by considering alternative 2D migration assays in combination with a machine learning-based segmentation model and computational ImageJ tracking plugin to track cell-specific migratory dynamics. Altering the barrier materials and shapes of cell exclusion zone assays, we found that room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone rubber detached unpredictably, and circular barriers covered less than 87% of the true punch area. A pilot test indicated no significant difference in directed migration, directed migration ratio, mean instantaneous speed, and track displacement between a traditional scratch and polydimethylsiloxane wounding, signifying comparable migratory dynamics. We demonstrate a method capable of identifying, tracking, and analyzing 2D migration dynamics, which enhances access to high-resolution data and computational tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there have been many theoretical studies on the enhancement effect of nanofiller networks and their interaction with elastomer molecular chains on the mechanical properties of elastomers, its mechanism description is still not completely clear. One of the main obstacles is the lack of quantitative characterization techniques and corresponding theoretical models for the three-dimensional morphology of complex nanofiller networks. In this paper, the precipitated silica-filled silicone rubber was studied by fluorescence labeling combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy, and the real three-dimensional images of dispersion and aggregation structure of filled rubber systems were obtained. The microstructure evolution of nano-particle aggregates caused by the increase in the filler volume fraction was quantitatively described, and the reinforcement mechanism of elastomers with a distribution of aggregates and filler networks composed of nanoparticles was studied. Furthermore, a nano-composite reinforcement model based on volume fraction, particle shape, interaction, and filler dispersion has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of butadiene rubber (BR) crystallization on the low-temperature properties of butadiene/silicone (VMQ) rubber blends (BR/VMQ) designed for Martian applications. Two types of BR, semi-crystalline high-cis Buna CB24 and amorphous Buna CB550, were blended with VMQ, and their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Kinetics of vulcanization, static mechanical properties, dynamical mechanical analysis, thermal shrinkage, and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized. The research demonstrates that the semi-crystalline BR improves mechanical properties but induces greater shrinkage at low temperatures. Conversely, using amorphous BR provided more consistent mechanical properties across the Martian temperature range and reduced material shrink by 6.71% for samples with carbon black, by 8.36% for samples with silica, and by 11.63% for unfilled samples. Future research will be required to evaluate the impact of volume change on the sealing properties of the BR/VMQ blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kinetics of polymerization of epoxy resin ED-20 cured with a polyethylene polyamine hardener modified with silicone rubber, tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane is studied. A more rapid decrease in the amount of epoxy groups in systems modified with silicon-contained additives during polymerization is observed. A differential equation describing the change in changes in the concentration of epoxy groups with the polymerization time is proposed. The found exact solution to the proposed equation describes adequately the experimental data. The modification of epoxy binder reduces the time and temperature of the maximum heat release during the curing. The modification with the addition of tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane leads to the maximum increase in heat release. A differential equation describing the change in the heat release temperature with the curing time is formulated. The exact solution to the equation formulated is found, which is applied to estimate the curing end time of the compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, different kinds of silane coupling agents modified expanded graphite (MEG) fillers were successfully prepared and then incorporated into silicon rubber matrix to fabricate flame‐retardant composite materials (SR/MEG). The inserted MEG fillers with siloxane chains exhibited good compatibility with the silicon rubber matrix, which cannot only reduce the negative impact of adding fillers on mechanical properties but also endow the silicon rubber composites with ideal flame retardancy. Subsequently, platinum (Pt) catalyst was incorporated into the SR/MEG composites to prepare SR/MEG/Pt composites, and the synergistic effects of MEG and Pt catalyst on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and combustion behavior of silicon rubber composites were systematically investigated. The target SR/MEG/Pt composite with appropriate addition of MEG and Pt catalyst can obtain relatively high char residue of 41.9% and limiting oxygen index value of 29.6%, as well as achieve V‐0 rating in the vertical combustion test, owing to the formation of expanded and dense silicon–carbon protective layer under the catalysis of Pt catalyst. Moreover, the cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of SR/MEG composites were further reduced after the addition of an appropriate amount of Pt catalyst, manifesting the good synergistic effect of MEG and Pt catalyst on the flame retardancy performance of silicon rubber. The method proposed herein may provide a promising way for fabricating high‐performance flame‐retardant silicone rubber materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone rubber is widely used in various medical applications. However, silicone rubber is prone to biofouling due to their affinity for lipids and has a high friction coefficient, which can significantly impact their efficacy and performance used as medical devices. Thus, the development of hydrogels with antifouling and lubricious abilities for the modification of silicone rubber is in high demand. We herein prepared a variety of hydrogel coatings mainly based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). We modified the silicone rubber using the prepared hydrogel coatings and cured it using a heating method. Then, we characterized its surface and evaluated the antifouling property, lubricious property, cytotoxicity, sensitization, and vaginal irritation. The results of water contact angle (WCA), protein adsorption, and friction coefficient indicated the success of the modification of the silicone rubber, leading to a significant decrease in the corresponding test values. Meanwhile, the results of cytotoxicity, sensitization, and vaginal irritation tests showed that the hydrogel coating-modified silicone rubbers have an excellent biocompatibility. This study describes how the silicone rubber could be modified with a biocompatible hydrogel coating. The hydrogel coating-modified silicone rubbers have improved antifouling and durable lubricious properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone rubber (SiR) has become a reliable choice for outdoor high voltage (HV) insulation in recent years. However, the durability of these polymeric materials is affected by both electrical and environmental stresses, leading to aging. While prior research aimed at enhancing performance, little focus was placed on identifying the major root causes of aging in these insulators. To delve into the causes, we conducted inclined plane tracking (IPT) tests, varying voltage, flow rate, and contamination concentration. Samples with consistent alumina trihydrate (ATH) filler content were tested under the BSEN 60587 standard. The voltage ranged from 3.5-5.5 kV, flow rate from 0.3-0.9 ml/min, and contamination concentration from 500-4500 µS/cm. A Two-Level Factorial analysis with a design of experiment (DOE) approach was used. The study revealed that contaminant concentration significantly impacted leakage current (LC), followed by contamination flow rate and voltage. Additionally, optimization techniques are used to determine ideal LC values under specific conditions. This study explains how each factor affects LC values, allowing for predictive modelling, which improves our understanding of SiR insulators' durability, optimizes LC in real-world situations, and improves their performance and lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have investigated the relationship between the plasma temperature in remote laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) experiments and the hydrophobic properties of silicone rubber insulators (SIRs). Contact angle and LIBS measurements were conducted on both artificially-aged (accelerated aging) and field-aged SIRs. This study reveals a clear connection between plasma temperature and the properties of aged SIRs on artificially-aged SIR specimens. Specifically, the plasma temperature exhibits a consistent increase with the duration of the accelerated aging test. The hydrophobicity of the artificially-aged SIRs was assessed by performing contact angle measurements, revealing a decrease in the hydrophobicity with increased aging test duration. Furthermore, we extended our investigation to the study of nine field-aged SIRs that had been in use on 150 kV overhead transmission lines for 0 to 21 years. We find that the laser absorption and hardness of the material do not relate to the plasma temperature. In summary, we observe a direct connection of plasma temperature to both contact-angle measurements and operation time of the in-service insulators. These results strongly suggest the potential use of LIBS for remotely evaluating the hydrophobicity and aging degree of silicone rubber insulators, thus assessing their real-time on-site operational quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalyzed hydrosilication has the advantages of high reaction efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, the cost of photosensitive platinum catalysts is very high, hindering their applications. In this work, a novel and cost-effective photosensitive platinum catalyst is synthesized and can effectively catalyze the hydrosilylation reaction under ultraviolet light. It is found that Pt catalysts exhibit catalytic activity under ultraviolet light when the ratio of Platinum chloride bonding and cyclopentadienyl (Pt-Cl:Cp) is higher than 1:1.2. The cost is reduced by 50%. The structure of this platinum catalyst is characterized using FTIR and NMR techniques. Under ultraviolet light, the new photosensitive platinum catalyst's catalytic efficiency increases from approximately 5% to 60%. The viscosity of prepared silicone rubber was measured. Results show that the prepared silicone rubber has a storing time of over 30 days in shaded environments, and can be completely cured within 2 min under ultraviolet light. The thermal decomposition residual mass of photocured silicone rubber products is as high as 70%, having good thermal stability. As the content of the platinum catalyst increases from 20 to 100 ppm, the reaction conversion rate of the hydrosilylation reaction increases from 43 to 60%. The hardness of the silicone rubber also increases from the initial 11 degrees to 20 degrees. This novel photosensitive platinum catalyst has potential applications in 3D printing and electronic packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the great potential of silicone rubber in advanced electronics, high dielectric constant and low loss tangent are currently pursued. Adding a third phase to conductive filler/silicone rubber composites may enhance the properties of the composites, but the appropriate particle size of the third phase is an open question. Here, MoS2 was used as the third phase to prepare the Ti3C2Tx MXene/MoS2/methylvinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) ternary composites, and the influence of different sizes of MoS2 (200 nm and 2 μm) on the dielectric performance of the composites was investigated. The dielectric constant of the Ti3C2Tx MXene/VMQ composites with 5 wt% MoS2 nanoparticles shows a 279% enhancement from 2.78 to 7.75 at 103 Hz, better than that of the Ti3C2Tx MXene‐MoS2 hybrid fillers/VMQ composites. Compared with micron MoS2, nano MoS2 can significantly enhance the dielectric performance of conductive filler/polymer composites because of shorter interparticle distances and enhanced interfacial polarization. Meanwhile, the composites exhibit low loss tangent (lower than 0.0015) and good thermal stability (up to 400°C) because of the low filling amounts of Ti3C2Tx MXene and MoS2 nanoparticles. Excellent flexibility with Young's modulus of 285 kPa and elongations break of 446% was also obtained. The design of these ternary composites greatly improves the dielectric and mechanical properties, which means that the dielectric material has a broad application prospect in modern electronics industry. Highlights: High dielectric constant was gained in Ti3C2Tx MXene/5n‐MoS2/VMQ composites.The MXene/5n‐MoS2/VMQ composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties.Appropriate filler size can benefit the performance of polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The influence of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of industrial unsaturated polyester resin PN‐1 is investigated experimentally. The iron ore concentrate, electrostatic precipitator dust, high alumina cement grade HAC‐1, shavings made of cast iron, fine grade sand are used as fillers. To improve the strength characteristics of polyester resin composites the small amount (0.2–1.0 wt%) of organosilicon additives such as synthetic silicone rubber, tris(trimethylsiloxy) phenylsilane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane are used. The heat release kinetics is studied for different ratios between accelerator (cobalt naphthenate) and initiator (cyclohexanone peroxide). The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when a large amount of iron ore concentrate is used as filler. The temperature of maximum heat release decreases and the time to reach it increases when adding electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount of 5 wt% to the high filled by iron ore concentrate (295 wt%) composite system. The optimum in strength indicators associated with the ratio of different fractions in systems consisting of two fillers of different properties and granulometric composition is found. The highest values of compressive strength in the cement–iron ore concentrate and sand–iron ore concentrate systems are observed. An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15%–20% with organosilicon additive introduction is observed. The addition of the silicone rubber increases the strength properties of samples the most among all additives considered. Effect of filling by iron‐containing fillers on the heat release kinetics and mechanical properties of polyester resin is found. The time to reach the maximum temperature of the heat release is significantly reduced when the resin is filled by a large amount of iron ore concentrate. The temperature of maximum heat release decreases when the electrostatic precipitator dust in small amount is added to the high filled by iron ore concentrate. An increase in the strength characteristics of composites by 15–20% with introduction of organosilicon additives is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the utilization of silicone rubber, excessive friction can cause damage to the contact surface and the material itself. Therefore, friction‐reducing modification of silicone rubber has attracted much attention. In this paper, hyperbranched polysiloxanes with different structures is synthesized for friction‐reducing modification of silicone rubber. Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and amine titration tests reveal that hyperbranched polysiloxanes are successfully synthesized by the hydrolytic condensation of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and their Michael addition with four acrylates with different alkyl chains. The friction coefficients and mechanical properties of silicone rubber are evaluated. Hyperbranched polysiloxanes significantly reduces friction and maintained excellent mechanical properties of silicone rubber. Silicone rubber with butyl‐ester‐secondary‐amino hyperbranched polysiloxane displays the best overall performance, with static and dynamic friction coefficients decreasing by 33.99% and 43.16% compared with that of pure silicone rubber, respectively, and a tensile strength of 10.80 MPa. The friction‐reducing mechanism of hyperbranched polysiloxanes on silicone rubber is investigated by contact angle test and dynamic mechanical analysis. Hyperbranched polysiloxanes migrates to the surface due to the incompatibility of alkyl chains with silicone rubber matrix. Consequently, the shielding effect produced by hyperbranched polysiloxanes on the surface depresses the adsorption activity of silicone rubber surface thereby reducing friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we prepared electromagnetic cobalt-coated glass fiber (Co@GF) composites via an electroless plating method. Subsequently, a conductive sandwich flexible film consisting of Co@GF composites and liquid silicone rubber (RTV-2) was successfully formed using the tape casting method at room temperature. Based on the perfect coating and excellent electrical conductivity of the Co@GF composites, the resultant RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film showed a low volume resistivity of 0.264 Ω·cm and could stretch to 100% (of 4.40 Ω·cm) without obvious fracture. When a magnetic field was applied during the curing process, the electromagnetic Co@GF composites were aligned automatically in the RTV-2 matrix because of their ferromagnetic nature. The as-prepared film exhibited anisotropy in its electrical performance. The volume resistivity parallel to the magnetic field direction is approximately two times lower than that in the perpendicular direction. The maximum difference in the volume resistivity (ρ∥ = 0.768 Ω·cm and ρ⊥ = 1.549 Ω·cm) was obtained at a magnetic field intensity of 800 mT. In addition, a magnetic field intensity of 100 mT helps improve the electrical conductivity of the as-obtained sandwich film. The anisotropic RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film is considered a promising flexible electronic sensor, where discrepant inductive sensitivity is required in orthogonal directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at settling the critical problems of ecological and environmental safety caused by traditional halogen-containing and phosphorus-containing flame-retardant system, this paper has fabricated a transition metal manganese ion (Mn2+) loaded diatomite (Mn@DE) via a simple chemical modification process, which can be employed as raising the flame retardancy of silicone rubber (SR). Compared with traditional flame retardants, the unique lamellar shielding ability and Mn-enhanced catalytic charring ability from designed mineral-based flame retardants are conductive to upgrading the flame-retardant level of silicone rubber/Mn-modified diatomite (SR/Mn@DE) composites. The results demonstrate that when the amount of Mn@DE reaches 30 phr in the composites, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical combustion tests of SR/30 phr Mn@DE can reach 27.3% and UL-94 V-0 ratings, respectively. Simultaneously, the reduction for peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat rate (THR) of SR/Mn@DE can achieve 55.3% and 66.1%, revealing that the fire hazard of SR has been effectively decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has enlightened that the introduction of Mn onto diatomite can effectively reinforce the thermal stability and char-forming ability of SR composites. Through the systematic analysis for combustion residues, the condensed flame-retardant mechanism of SR/Mn@DE via restraining the heat transfer and fuel feedback can be primarily inferred. Therefore, this paper have provided a fast and practical flame-retardant strategy in order to discarding the halogen-/phosphorus-containing flame retardants, which will open up the key problem of limited application for SR composites in more fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the natural thermal charring capacity of lacquer tree bark, a novel halogen-free, bio-based and two-component synergistic flame retardant system has been constructed by introducing transition metal (Fe3+)-modified tannic acid (TA) as char source and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as acid source, which was employed for overcoming the severe flammability problem for silicone rubber (SR). By systematically investigating the effect of APP/TA@Fe system on the flame retardancy of SR composites, it has been found that when 40 mass% APP and TA@Fe in a ratio of 3:1 are added, the limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical combustion tests of SR composites can reach 30% and UL-94 V-0 rating with a rapid self-extinguishing capacity. Through the comprehensive analysis of the residues of SR composites after complete burning, a gas/condensed flame retardant mechanism is primarily proposed in detail. Among these, the ammonia and water vapor released by the decomposition of APP and TA@Fe during combustion can dilute the combustible gases and tannic acid will act via the free radicals scavenging ability. Besides, the continuous, intumescent and dense charring residues from the thermal interaction between APP and TA will exert a prominent role in restricting the heat/mass exchange process and inhibiting the SR matrix from further flame attacking. Surprisingly, the mechanical strength of SR system is attained even if the combination of APP and TA@Fe is blended. Consequently, this article has developed a bionic, eco-friendly and effective approach to settle the flammability problem of SR and broaden their applications in the fields of construction and decoration materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined insulation interface of a high-voltage cable and accessories is the weakest part of a cable system. In this paper, the parameters of the dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, and elastic modulus of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and silicone rubber (SIR) are obtained experimentally. On this basis, the model of a specific type of 110 kV cable and prefabricated insulation joint is established. A simulation of the electric–thermal–stress coupling field in the presence of typical defects in the main insulation–inner semi-conductive (SEMI) shielding layer (XLPE/SEMI interface) and the main insulation–silicone rubber insulation layer (XLPE/SIR interface) is studied. The simulation results show that at the XLPE/SIR interface, the electric field distortion caused by bubble defects reached 20.17 kV/mm, and the temperature rose to 56.15 °C. The effect of air-gap defects on the interface is similar to that of bubble defects. In addition, the semi-conductive impurity defects induced an increase in temperature to 56.82 °C and an increase in stress to 0.32 MPa. At the XLPE/SEMI interface, the electric field distortion induced by bubble defects was 19.98 kV/mm, and the temperature rose to 61.72 °C. The electric field distortion caused by metallic and semi-conductive defects was 8.44 kV/mm and 8.64 kV/mm, respectively. This study serves as a reference for the fault analysis and the operation and maintenance of cable accessories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicone rubber (SR), as one kind of highly valuable rubber material, has been widely used in many fields, e.g., construction, transportation, the electronics industry, automobiles, aviation, and biology, owing to its attractive properties, including high- and low-temperature resistance, weathering resistance, chemical stability, and electrical isolation, as well as transparency. Unfortunately, the inherent flammability of SR largely restricts its practical application in many fields that have high standard requirements for flame retardancy. Throughout the last decade, a series of flame-retardant strategies have been adopted which enhance the flame retardancy of SR and even enhance its other key properties, such as mechanical properties and thermal stability. This comprehensive review systematically reviewed the recent research advances in flame-retarded SR materials and summarized and introduced the up-to-date design of different types of flame retardants and their effects on flame-retardant properties and other performances of SR. In addition, the related flame-retardant mechanisms of the as-prepared flame-retardant SR materials are analyzed and presented. Moreover, key challenges associated with these various types of FRs are discussed, and future development directions are also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of oil-contaminated water due to oil spill disasters or improper industrial waste dumping is now a worldwide danger to both human health and the sustainability of the environment.The use of superhydrophobic materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of oil-water separation, owing to the increasing demand for effective and economical oil-water separation techniques.A new, easy, and inexpensive flame treatment method was used to make a nanocomposite (CuO-SiO2) in order to improve its hierarchical structure (micro-nano).The anodisation process produced copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures (NSs) on a copper mesh. Subsequently, the nanostructures were modified by dip coating with a solution of room-temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (RTV-SR).The coated mesh demonstrated remarkable characteristics of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, with a water contact angle (WCA) of (160 ± 1°) and an oil contact angle (OCA) of (0°), as determined during the measurement of the surface's wetability. The coated mesh surface was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The successful separation of kerosene-water and diesel oil-water mixtures is accomplished by using a coated mesh in a simple filtration procedure. Furthermore, it has the capability to separate oils with a high efficiency of (99.8%) for kerosene and (87%) for diesel oil. It also has flux values of (7352.9 L.m-2.h-1) for kerosene and (6112.9 L/m2.h) for diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lightweight, electrically insulating and high thermally conductive materials are highly desirable in electronic and power systems because they can effectively transfer heat and avoid temperature rise of the equipment and devices, thus guaranteeing normal operation. In this work, silica-coated spherical boron nitride (SiO2@s-BN) was successfully fabricated and prepared as a thermally conductive composite by blending with silicone rubber (SR). Due to the modulus matching, SiO2@BN could decrease the thermal resistance between the SR matrices and the thermally conductive fillers, thus achieving higher thermal conductivity compared with the original BN at the same filler loading. When the SR composite is filled with 40 wt% SiO2@BN, the thermal conductivity can reach 1.2 W m−1 K−1, which is 16.5% higher than that of the 40 wt% s-BN/SR composite. Simultaneously, the 40 wt% SiO2@BN/SR composite material not only exhibits excellent dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties but also demonstrates outstanding processability, maintaining a low precursor viscosity of only 14.5 Pa·s. Overall, this work provides a novel strategy for developing high thermally conductive SR composites with good processability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Replicating the tactile sensing mechanisms, conformity, and feel of real skin is essential for next-generation human–machine interfaces. However, producing tissue-like multilayered geometries and integrating them as e-skin systems requires simplifying and standardizing their manufacture. Here, we present a scalable and cost-effective cure-on-demand strategy for 3D printing nanocomposite silicone rubbers and integrating them into complex soft structures with 1200 % enhanced pressure-strain sensitivity. By utilizing a controlled in-situ mixing of catalyst-cured silicones and shear-driven alignment of carbon nanofibers (CNF), we construct percolated networks with conductivities up to 130 S m−1 layer-by-layer. We investigate the influence of ink composition, printing parameters, geometrical design, and material density on the mechanical properties, stretchability, sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity of 3D printed piezoresistive sensors and build skin-like interfaces that detect minimal deformations like human physiological signs. This customizable, biocompatible, and robust e-skin holds promise for cost-effective integration in rehabilitation medicine, smart robotics applications, and extended reality (XR) interactive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat aging resistance of a peroxide-cured silicone rubber (VMQ) in the temperature range from 75 to 225 °C was investigated. Activation energies for the degradation process were calculated in order to understand the durability and lifetime of the rubber. The hardness, tensile stress at 10% elongation, and chemical cross-link density measured by solvent swell and double-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance increase as a function of thermal aging. The increase is due to the prevalence of cross-linking reactions over chain scission events which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The unaged monomodal cross-link distribution becomes more heterogeneous with heat aging as its distribution significantly widens toward higher cross-link densities. Calculated activation energies for the heat-induced degradation process were between 70 and 101 kJ/mol. Activation energies depended on the experimental test used to probe the system. The FTIR analysis confirmed the loss of –CH bonds and gain of Si–O–Si linkages during thermal aging. Oxidative products were extracted and characterized from the degraded VMQ. Aerobic and non-aerobic degradation mechanisms have been proposed to explain the presence of cross-linking and chain scission reactions. Given the lack of data change during low-temperature aging, the results are suitable for use to predict the performance of VMQ in applications between 100 and 225 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study the compressive mechanics properties of pillar centered cubic lattice with dif-rent reinforcement directions and their filling structures, silicone rubber filled lattice structure test pecimens were prepared herein. The compressive mechanics properties of two lattice structures(BCC1 r BCC2, loading direction was either the same or perpendicular to the direction of pillar rod in body ntered cubic lattice with pillars) filled with silicone rubber were studied through experimental and mulation methods. The equivalent elastic modulus and compressive platform stress of two lattice ructures were conducted using Timoshenko beam theory and ultimate load method. The results indi-te that the proposed theoretical model may effectively predict the equivalent elastic modulus and ompressive platform stress of two type lattice structures. After filling, the compression strength and nergy absorption performance of the two lattice structures are enhanced, while the enhancement fect of the BCC2 structure is more significant. For the BCC1 lattice, rubber filling enhances the aring capacity of the internal members. However, for the BCC2 lattice structure, rubber filling re-ces the bending deformation of the members near the V-shaped shear band. As the radius of the lattice tructure increases, the energy absorption coupling factors of both lattice structures first increase and hen decrease, yet the energy absorption coupling factor of BCC1 type structure changes more significantly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is characterized by a wide range of advantageous properties and is therefore used in many branches and industries. However, the material is difficult to recycle due to the non‐reversible cross‐linking reaction. A promising approach to recycle the already cross‐linked (post‐industrial) waste is the mechanical recycling of LSR via grinding and addition of the powder as filler in virgin material. This research focused on the processing of such LSR‐powder‐compounds via injection molding and the influence of the powder content on mechanical properties. Compounds of virgin LSR and ambient ground powder were prepared and injection molded. Both the processability and the mechanical properties were analyzed. Compounds of up to 40 wt% powder content could be processed with standard injection molding machine equipment without any noticeable issues. The results show a similar compression set for the virgin as for the recycled compounds. Hardness decreases slightly but constantly. Tensile strength and elongation at break are at similar levels for all powder added compounds and drop only by 16.6% and 12.6% compared with the virgin LSR. The results are promising and should be the basis for further and more detailed investigations to industrialize the mechanical recycling of LSR. Highlights: Processing on standard injection molding machine with standard parameters.Up to 40 wt% recycled silicone powder content.Using recycled silicone particles has no effect on compression set.Tensile strength and elongation at break decrease only by 16.6% and 12.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-voltage outdoor insulating materials face formidable challenges emanating from stresses such as electrical discharge, humidity, and UV radiation, propelling them perilously toward potential failure. To combat this, researchers explored novel materials to enhance insulator performance under these stresses. In this study, samples infused with micro-/nano-alumina trihydrate (ATH) and -magnesium hydroxide (MH) were tested with a base polymer (RTV-SR – room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber) during a 100 h electrical discharge aging process. They were simultaneously exposed to AC discharges, UV irradiation, and varying humidity levels. The study found a decline in hydrophobicity in all samples post-discharge exposure. Notably, composites with micro- and nano-fillers exhibited prolonged hydrophobic recovery under stresses such as medium humidity and UV irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis displayed deep cracks and block-like structures on surfaces, particularly in samples R1 (50% micro-MH) and R2 (50% micro-ATH). Aged sections of R3 (10% nano-ATH) and R4 (10% nano-MH) showed heightened surface cracks compared to R5 and R6. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis detected surface oxidation, emphasizing the severity of electrical and other stresses. FTIR results indicated minimal absorption peak reduction in co-filled samples after aging. These findings highlight the impact of co-filled composite insulators for robust insulating systems to withstand the hostile outdoor environment.

Flame‐retardant silicone rubber foams (SRF) were prepared by dehydrogenation at room temperature with chitosan (CS) and cyclodextrin (CD) as flame retardants. The flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of SRF with CS and CD were tested using the UL-94 test, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), compression test, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the fire behavior was good when the content of CS and CD was 1 wt%, and the CD had a flame-retardant efficiency better than CS. The combination of 0.6 wt% CS and 0.4 wt% CD had the best synergistic flame-retardant efficiency, smoke suppression, and excellent thermal stability. The 0.6%CS/0.4%CD/SRF achieved an LOI value of 30% and a UL-94 V-0 rating and did not drip. Compared with pure SRF, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the total heat release (THR), the peak smoke production rate (pSPR), and the total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 60.00%, 55.52%, 53.82%, and 55.00%, and the char residue increased by 17.40%. However, the addition of CS and CD slightly worsened the mechanical properties of SRF, and the compressive strength of 0.6%CS/0.4%CD/SRF was reduced by 3.62%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid film that exhibits reversible fluorescence (FL) is prepared by embedding a conjugated polymer, having an intramolecular stacking structure of the side phenyl rings, in a highly dispersed state into a silicone elastomer. The hybrid film experiences significant FL quenching during stretching and restores its original FL when the external stress is removed. In particular, the hybrid film manufactured using a shadow-masked, plasma-treated silicone elastomer provides a high-resolution FL image, which disappears when the film is stretched and reappears when the external stress is removed. The hybrid film can be applied as a strain-gauge sensor or a security film with embedded images that can be mechanically erased and regenerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the dispersibility of inorganic fillers and enhance its ceramifiable flame‐retardant efficiency, the ceramifiable flame‐retardant silicone rubber composites were prepared using glass powder, zinc borate, ammonium polyphosphate, mica powder, platinum catalyst as ceramifiable flame‐retardant agent, and various silane coupling agents as interfacial modifier. The micromorphology, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, thermal stability, and combustion behavior of ceramifiable flame‐retardant silicone rubber composites, as well as the flexural strength of the corresponding ceramics generated after pyrolysis of the composites were examined. The results reveal that the inclusion of silane coupling agents improves the dispersibility of ceramifiable flame‐retardant agents substantially. The mechanical properties, flame retardancy, thermal stability, and combustion behavior of ceramifiable flame‐retardant silicone rubber composites are all improved. When compared to a composite without a silane coupling agent, the tensile strength of the composite can be improved by up to 1.9 times. Only 0.5phr silane coupling agent is required to raise the vertical combustion rating from V‐1 to V‐0, and the composite with 3 phr KH570 has a LOI value of 38.6. Meanwhile, the heat release rate of the composite is reduced to a certain extent, and the time to ignition and residue are dramatically enhanced after the addition of silane coupling agent in the cone calorimetry test. Moreover, flexural strength of the corresponding ceramics generated after pyrolysis of the composites rapidly increases with increasing silane coupling agent content, which can reach to 24.7 MPa with addition of 3 phr KH570. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]