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L’innovation sociale territoriale (IST) vise notamment à apporter des solutions innovantes systémiques et transformatrices aux enjeux sociaux complexes existants et émergents sur un territoire donné. L’une des stratégies de plus en plus implantées par les autorités publiques et les acteurs sociaux pour y parvenir est la mise en place d’instruments d’action publique (IAP) axés sur l’innovation en condition réelle tels que les Livings labs (LL). Le présent article apporte un éclairage sur la contribution des LL conçus comme IAP, à l’innovation sociale territoriale et à proposer un cadre conceptuel pour l’analyser et l’évaluer. À partir d’une revue exploratoire de la littérature, nous avons d’abord identifié les caractéristiques des LL en tant qu’IAP. Par la suite, nous avons examiné la pertinence des cadres conceptuels existants. Le cadre d’analyse de Belley et Saint-Pierre (2017b) a ainsi été identifié comme guide pertinent pour apprécier la contribution des LL sur un territoire. Il permet d’analyser le LL en tant qu’instrument d’action publique et met en évidence la logique d’intervention sous-jacente sur un territoire. En combinant ce cadre à une démarche d’évaluation évolutive, les professionnels seront mieux outillés. Territorial social innovation (IST) aims to provide innovative systemic and transformative solutions to existing and emerging complex social issues in a given territory. One of the strategies increasingly implemented by public authorities and social actors to achieve this is the establishment of public policy instruments (PPI) focused on innovation in real conditions such as Livings labs (LL). This article sheds light on the contribution of LL designed as PPI to territorial social innovation and to propose a conceptual framework to analyze and evaluate it. From an exploratory review of the literature, we first identified the characteristics of LL as PPI and then we examined the relevance of existing conceptual frameworks. Belley and Saint-Pierre’ s framework (2017b) was thus identified as a relevant guide to assess the contribution of LLs in a territory. It makes it possible to analyze the LL as a PPI and highlights the underlying logic of intervention in a territory. By combining this framework with a developmental evaluation approach, professionals will be better equipped.

Дано обоснование спорту как инструменту пропаганды в международных отношениях. Доказано, что на международной арене спорт высших достижений является составляющей международной политики, выделены его периоды. Сформированы методические рекомендации по курсу «Пропаганда и связи с общественностью в сфере ФКиС» для студентов спортивной специализации., The rationale for sport as a tool of propaganda in international relations is given. It is proved that in the international arena the sport of high achievements is a component of international politics, its periods are distinguished. Formed guidelines for the course "Propaganda and public relations in the field of sports and sports" for students of sports specialization.

À l’aune de la rationalisation de l’action publique et de l’exigence de transparence de la décision politique, l’analyse d’impact de la réglementation (A.I.R.) revêt une importance plus cruciale que jamais. Or la réglementation s’appuie sur des instruments de politique publique de plus en plus divers, intriqués et complexes : au-delà d’instruments standards tels que l’obligation, l’interdiction, la sensibilisation ou encore la taxe, émergent en effet de nombreux instruments qui mettent en interaction un nombre croissant d’acteurs selon des modalités d’influence variables et sur des échelles diverses. Il est indispensable d’expliciter les contours des instruments de politique publique, et de lever la confusion sémantique, conceptuelle et cognitive qui les entoure, et dont nous ferons état. À cet effet, nous proposons d’abord de définir les instruments comme autant de chaînes de causalité mettant en interaction des acteurs, des actions, des opérateurs logiques et des vecteurs d’impact. Autour d’un langage algorithmique ad hoc, nous développons ensuite trois leviers de (rétro‑)conception afin de rendre compte de la nature protéiforme et fractale des instruments, en prenant l’exemple de l’instrument « taxe ». Enfin, nous exposons succinctement les applications pratiques de cette approche algorithmique, en matière d’évaluation de la mise en œuvre d’un instrument et en matière d’innovation. Given the rationalisation of public action, and the required transparency of political decisions, Impact Assessment has become more crucial than ever. Meanwhile, regulation relies on public policy instruments that are increasingly diverse, intricated and complex : alongside standard instruments such as obligation, prohibition, sensitization or tax, numerous new instruments are defining interactions between an increasing number of actors, according to multiple influence variables and within diverse scales. Therefore, it has become most important to better describe, and more explicitely, the outline of public policy instruments, and to remove the semantic, conceptual and cognitive confusions about them. For this purpose, we will first define instruments as causal chains made of the interactions between some actors, actions, logical operators and impact vectors. Through an ad hoc algorithmic language, we will then develop three (retro-)design paths in order to account for the diverse and fractal nature of instruments. The “taxe” will be taken as an example. Eventually, we will lay out the practical applications of this algorithmic approach, in terms of instruments’ evaluation and innovation.

La politique nationale brésilienne pour le développement régional - PNDR a été créée par le décret 6047/2007. Cependant, de nombreux gestionnaires publics affirment qu'elle n'a pas encore atteint un statut de politique d'État ou un consensus politique ou fédéral capable de promouvoir une croissance non fragmentée et équilibrée des régions. La discussion porte maintenant sur l'institutionnalisation d'une nouvelle politique, le PNDR II, qui continue de réduire les inégalités régionales et cherche à remédier aux insuffisances de la première proposition. Malgré la proposition de mise à jour de la législation en question, le territoire métropolitain de Brasilia, également défini par la législation fédérale et appelé RIDE DF et Entorno - Région intégrée de développement du District fédéral et de ses environs, est identifié comme un domaine prioritaire de planification et de gestion, mais sa gouvernance métropolitaine continue de créer des conflits et de maintenir l'inégalité dans ses zones périphériques. Pour contribuer au débat sur la portée possible du PNDR dans la gestion d'une ville aussi importante et complexe, qui est aussi la capitale fédérale, et ses régions métropolitaines respectives, nous proposons une analyse théorique et méthodologique du modèle de gouvernance urbaine. Tout au long de l'analyse, nous démontrerons la relation entre PNDR I et II et la - RIDE-DF et Entorno, une proposition de gestion territoriale du District fédéral du Brésil et de son agglomération urbaine. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les instruments proposés par la nouvelle politique nationale pour le développement régional face au défi d'une meilleure gouvernance régionale ou métropolitaine pour le RIDE DF et Entorno. The Brazilian National Policy for Regional Development – PNDR was established by Decree 6047/2007. However, many public managers claim that it has yet to reach a status of State Policy or a political or a federal consensus able to promote a non-fragmented and even growth of regions. The discussion is now around the institutionalization of a new policy, PNDR II, which remains in efforts to reduce regional inequalities and seeks to remedy shortcomings in the first proposal. Despite the proposal to update the legislation in question, the metropolitan territory of Brasilia, also defined by federal legislation and called RIDE DF and Entorno - Integrated Region of Development of the Federal District and Entorno is identified as a priority area of ​​planning and management, but its metropolitan governance continues to generate conflicts and maintain inequality in its peripheral areas. To contribute to the debate of possible reach of PNDR in the management of important and complex city, which is also the federal capital, and its respective metropolitan area, we suggest a theoretical and methodological analysis of the urban governance model. Throughout the analysis, we will demonstrate the relationship between PNDR I and II with the - RIDE-DF and Entorno, a proposal for territorial management of the Federal District of Brazil and its urban agglomeration. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyze the instruments proposed by the New National Policy for Regional Development in the face of the challenge of ensuring better regional or metropolitan governance for the RIDE DF e Entorno.

International audience; The future of agriculture constitutes a major challenge to the achievement of sustainable development. There are new perspectives on greening(focusing on ecological objectives) and sustainability (combining both ecological and social goals). Academic papers rather study the ecological efficiency of agricultural public policies, while real public policies, such as in the European Common Agricultural Policy, examine both ecological and social considerations. The objective of this paper is to consider economic, social and ecological objectives within the design of agricultural public policies. Using a bio-economic model applied to France, we compare different optimal public strategies. We show that, when the biodiversity objectives are either very limited or very demanding, grassland subsidies are the best instruments from both green and sustainable points of view. However for medium objectives, reducing crops subsidies is the cheapest way to green the CAP, while subsidies on grasslands are the only strategy from a sustainability perspective. Our work highlights new trade-offs related to policy implementation, such as social acceptance or technical difficulties, and the spatial equity of performance among regions.

Submitted by Glauber de Assunção Moreira (glauber.moreira@ufba.br) on 2022-07-19T19:21:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Angelim-pdf.pdf: 1434245 bytes, checksum: e1e74a070eefdc9aae09dd0576323acb (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2022-07-25T22:17:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Angelim-pdf.pdf: 1434245 bytes, checksum: e1e74a070eefdc9aae09dd0576323acb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-25T22:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Angelim-pdf.pdf: 1434245 bytes, checksum: e1e74a070eefdc9aae09dd0576323acb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a experiência da Câmara de Assistência Estudantil (CAE) da UNIVASF, instância colegiada e deliberativa no âmbito das políticas públicas de assistência estudantil (PPAE) e os processos de aprendizagem a ela conectados. Fundamenta-se numa abordagem sociocêntrica das políticas públicas, compreendendo-as como ação complexa e multiatorial para tratamento de um problema de relevância pública, a partir de instrumentos (co)ativados por diferentes atores sociais, para além do Estado. Neste sentido, a percepção deste trabalho é de que a CAE se constitui como um instrumento de políticas públicas cuja qualidade ou atributo de público é construído pelo próprio público das ações do instrumento. Para discutir a natureza do que é público, bem como suas fronteiras, apoia-se no conceito de aprendizagem, por entender que a aprendizagem é o motor da dinâmica de transformação dos problemas e das alternativas de solução em uma sociedade que ainda busca democratizar-se em suas mais cotidianas práticas sociais. A perspectiva pragmaticista adotada neste estudo aponta para o reconhecimento de que a aprendizagem não é meramente uma questão cognitiva, que acontece na mente dos indivíduos, ao invés, tem dimensão social, pois é resultante das interações que os indivíduos estabelecem entre si em torno de algo que lhes é importante e necessário. Para tanto, requer acesso e oportunidade de participação e, sendo assim, a estrutura, as relações de poder e as condições de legitimações definem as oportunidades de aprendizagem. A matriz analítica construída neste estudo, para se compreender a experiência da CAE, decorre do cruzamento das referências analíticas escolhidas, envolvendo a reconstrução da trajetória das PPAEs, identificando os fluxos e refluxos que conduzem à definição do problema da permanência no ensino superior brasileiro e à construção de alternativas de solução e a problematização das relações de força na constituição e implementação da CAE, enquanto instrumento de políticas públicas, com particular atenção aos processos de aprendizagem. Resultando na compreensão de que experiências organizacionais no âmbito das PPAEs pautadas na construção coletiva e na sua contínua problematização, a partir dos nexos com as demais políticas educacionais vigentes e com os movimentos sociais de educação poderão gerar conhecimentos e novas práticas organizacionais mais próximas às reais demandas públicas e mais alinhadas aos princípios de justiça social e democratização da educação superior. The present work aims to understand the experience of Student Assistance Camera of UNIVASF (CAE), collegiate, deliberative instance within the framework of public policies for student assistance (PPAE), and the learning processes connected to them. It is based on a central, social approach of public policies, understanding them as multi-actor, complex action for treatment of a problem of public relevance, from instruments co activated by different social actors beyond the State. In this sense, the perception of this work is that the CAE is constituted as a public policy instrument whose quality or public attribute is constructed by the own public of actions of the instrument. To discuss the nature of what is public, as well as its borders, based on the concept of learning, by understanding that learning is the driving force of dynamics processing problems and solution alternatives in a society that still seeks to democratize in their further day-to-day social practices more. The pragmatic perspective adopted in this study points to the recognition that learning is not merely a cognitive issue, which happens in the mind of individuals, instead, it has a social dimension, because it is the result of the interactions that individuals establish among themselves around something that is important and necessary. To do so, it requires access and opportunity for participation, therefore, the structure, power relations and conditions of legitimacy define the learning opportunities. The analytical matrix built in this study to understand the experience of CAE stems from the crossroads of analytical references chosen, involving the reconstruction of the trajectory of the PPAEs, identifying the ebbs and flows that lead to definition of the problem of permanence in Brazilian college education and construction of solution alternatives, also questioning power relations in the constitution and implementation of the CAE as a tool of public policy with particular attention to learning processes. Resulting in the understanding of what organizational experiments in the framework of HIPC based on collective construction and its continuing questioning from the nexus with the existing educational and other policies with the social movements of education can generate knowledge and new organizational practices closer to the real public demands and more aligned to the principles of social justice and democratization of college education.

International audience; Placing the steppes of the Middle East on the World Heritage list of agropastoral cultural landscapes could be seen as obvious. The area where agriculture and pastoralism were forged, they harbour remains of all the forms of agricultural and pastoral activities from Neolithic proto breeding to hydro- agricultural installations of the Byzantine and Umayyad periods. Entry on the cultural heritage list is a legal and technical instrument involving values of authenticity, traditions and respect of the environment. Like any public policy instrument, the entry of a landscape does not have any intrinsic value; its relevance and effectiveness depend on the policy in which it is involved. In the case of the Syrian steppes, unlike the agro- pastoral areas of the north of the Mediterranean, entry has no place in the policy implemented in these regions.; Une inscription des steppes du Proche-Orient au patrimoine mondial des paysages culturels de l’agro pastoralisme pourrait s’imposer comme une évidence. Lieu d’émergence de l’agriculture et du pastoralisme, elles recèlent des vestiges de toutes les formes d’exploitation agricole et pastorale du proto élevage néolithique aux aménagements hydro agricoles des époques byzantine et omayyade. L’inscription au patrimoine culturel est un instrument juridique et technique associant les produits à des valeurs d’authenticité, de traditions et de respect de l’environnement. Comme tout instrument de politique publique, l’inscription d’un paysage n’a pas de valeur intrinsèque, sa pertinence et sa portée sont fonction de la politique à laquelle il participe. Dans le cas des steppes de Syrie, à la différence des zones agro-pastorales du nord de la méditerranée, l’inscription ne trouve aucune place dans la politique mise en œuvre dans ces régions.