2,169 results on '"pseudoprogression"'
Search Results
2. The efficacy of using a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics model to distinguish glioma recurrence from pseudoprogression.
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Fu, Fang-Xiong, Cai, Qin-Lei, Li, Guo, Wu, Xiao-Jing, Hong, Lan, and Chen, Wang-Sheng
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RADIOMICS , *MAGNETIC resonance , *GLIOMAS , *FEATURE extraction , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging - Abstract
The early differential diagnosis of the postoperative recurrence or pseudoprogression (psPD) of a glioma is of great guiding significance for individualized clinical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics model to distinguish between the postoperative recurrence and psPD of a glioma early on and in a noninvasive manner. A total of 52 patients with gliomas who attended the Hainan Provincial People's Hospital between 2000 and 2021 and met the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. 1137 and 1137 radiomic features were extracted from T1 enhanced and T2WI/FLAIR sequence images, respectively.After clearing some invalid information and LASSO screening, a total of 9 and 10 characteristic radiological features were extracted and randomly divided into the training set and the test set according to 7:3 ratio. Select-Kbest and minimum Absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) were used for feature selection. Support vector machine and logistic regression were used to form a multi-parameter model for training and prediction. The optimal sequence and classifier were selected according to the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy. Radiomic models 1, 2 and 3 based on T1WI, T2FLAIR and T1WI + T2T2FLAIR sequences have better performance in the identification of postoperative recurrence and false progression of T1 glioma. The performance of model 2 is more stable, and the performance of support vector machine classifier is more stable. The multiparameter model based on CE-T1 + T2WI/FLAIR sequence showed the best performance (AUC:0.96, sensitivity: 0.87, specificity: 0.94, accuracy: 0.89,95% CI:0.93–1). The use of multiparametric MRI-based radiomics provides a noninvasive, stable, and accurate method for differentiating between the postoperative recurrence and psPD of a glioma, which allows for timely individualized clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Influence of arterial transit time delays on the differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression in glioblastoma by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.
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van Dorth, Daniëlle, Jiang, Feng Yan, Schmitz‐Abecassis, Bárbara, Croese, Robert J. I., Taphoorn, Martin J. B., Smits, Marion, Koekkoek, Johan A. F., Dirven, Linda, de Bresser, Jeroen, and van Osch, Matthias J. P.
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MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,SPIN labels ,CANCER invasiveness ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,PERFUSION - Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown potential for differentiating tumor progression from pseudoprogression. For pseudocontinuous ASL with a single postlabeling delay, the presence of delayed arterial transit times (ATTs) could affect the evaluation of ASL‐MRI perfusion data. In this study, the influence of ATT artifacts on the perfusion assessment and differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression were studied. This study comprised 66 adult patients (mean age 60 ± 13 years; 40 males) with a histologically confirmed glioblastoma who received postoperative radio (chemo)therapy. ASL‐MRI and DSC‐MRI scans were acquired at 3 months postradiotherapy as part of the standard clinical routine. These scans were visually scored regarding (i) the severity of ATT artifacts (%) on the ASL‐MRI scans only, scored by two neuroradiologists; (ii) perfusion of the enhancing tumor lesion; and (iii) radiological evaluation of tumor progression versus pseudoprogression by one neuroradiologist. The final outcome was based on combined clinical and radiological follow‐up until 9 months postradiotherapy. ATT artifacts were identified in all patients based on the mean scores of two raters. A significant difference between the radiological evaluation of ASL‐MRI and DSC‐MRI was observed only for ASL images with moderate ATT severity (30%–65%). The perfusion assessment showed ASL‐MRI tending more towards hyperperfusion than DSC‐MRI in the case of moderate ATT artifacts. In addition, there was a significant difference between the prediction of tumor progression with ASL‐MRI and the final outcome in the case of severe ATT artifacts (McNemar test, p = 0.041). Despite using ASL imaging parameters close to the recommended settings, ATT artifacts frequently occur in patients with treated brain tumors. Those artifacts could hinder the radiological evaluation of ASL‐MRI data and the detection of true disease progression, potentially affecting treatment decisions for patients with glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Case report: Immune response characterization of a pseudoprogression in a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated metastatic NSCLC.
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Roussot, Nicolas, Thibaudin, Marion, Fumet, Jean-David, Daumoine, Susy, Hampe, Léa, Rébé, Cédric, Limagne, Emeric, Lagrange, Aurélie, Herreros, Victor, Lecuelle, Julie, Mananet, Hugo, Ilie, Alis, Rageot, David, Boidot, Romain, Goussot, Vincent, Comte, Anthony, Jacob, Pierre, Beltjens, Franc¸ oise, Bergeron, Anthony, and Charon-Barra, Céline
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NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,ENDOGENOUS retroviruses ,THERAPEUTICS ,IMMUNE response - Abstract
A patient with a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experienced amultisite radiological progression at 3 months after initiation of chemoimmunotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic disease. After the radiological progression, while she was not undergoing treatment, the patient had spontaneous lesions shrinkage and further achieved a prolonged complete response. Genomic and transcriptomic data collected at baseline and at the time of pseudoprogression allowed us to biologically characterize this rare response pattern. We observed the presence of a tumor-specific T-cell response against tumor-specific neoantigens (TNAs). Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) expression following chemoimmunotherapy was also observed, concurrent with biological features of an anti-viral-like innate immune response with type I IFN signaling and production of CXCR3-associated chemokines. This is the first biological characterization of a NSCLC pseudoprogression under chemoimmunotherapy followed by a prolonged complete response in a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated NSCLC. These clinical and biological data underline that even patients with multiple factors of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors could trigger a tumor-specific immune response to tumor neoantigen, leading to complete eradication of the tumor and probably a vaccinal immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Imaging and Liquid Biopsy for Distinguishing True Progression From Pseudoprogression in Gliomas, Current Advances and Challenges.
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Li, Kaishu, Zhu, Qihui, Yang, Junyi, Zheng, Yin, Du, Siyuan, Song, Meihui, Peng, Qian, Yang, Runwei, Liu, Yawei, and Qi, Ling
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Gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis. Assessing treatment response is challenging because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may not distinguish true progression (TP) from pseudoprogression (PsP). This review aims to discuss imaging techniques and liquid biopsies used to distinguish TP from PsP. This review synthesizes existing literature to examine advances in imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance diffusion imaging (MRDI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) MRI, and liquid biopsies, for identifying TP or PsP through tumor markers and tissue characteristics. Advanced imaging techniques, including MRDI and PWI MRI, have proven effective in delineating tumor tissue properties, offering valuable insights into glioma behavior. Similarly, liquid biopsy has emerged as a potent tool for identifying tumor-derived markers in biofluids, offering a non-invasive glimpse into tumor evolution. Despite their promise, these methodologies grapple with significant challenges. Their sensitivity remains inconsistent, complicating the accurate differentiation between TP and PSP. Furthermore, the absence of standardized protocols across platforms impedes the reliability of comparisons, while inherent biological variability adds complexity to data interpretation. Their potential applications have been highlighted, but gaps remain before routine clinical use. Further research is needed to develop and validate these promising methods for distinguishing TP from PsP in gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Pseudoprogression following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for lung squamous cell carcinoma mimicking pulmonary metastatic disease on computed tomography: A case report and review of the literature
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Su Jin Lee, MD, Khang Duy Ricky Le, BSc, MD, MS, Michael Christie, MBBS, PhD, FRCPA, Benjamin Dunne, MB, BCh, BAO, MS, MRCS, FRACS, AFRACMA, GAICD, Dishan Herath, MBBS, FRACP, and Mark McCusker, MB, BCh, MRCPI, FFR(RCSI), FRANZCR
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Pseudoprogression ,Immunotherapy ,Non-small cell lung cancer ,Sarcoid-like inflammation ,Granulomatous reactions ,Chemoimmunotherapy ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Pseudoprogression of malignancy in patients treated with systemic immunotherapy is a well- recognised phenomenon and has also been seen in patients treated with combined chemoimmunotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy prior to surgery is a relatively new treatment strategy for the management of many malignancies. We report the case of a patient who was suspected to have primary lung squamous cell carcinoma progression following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. Tissue histopathology from biopsies demonstrated granulomatous sarcoid-like inflammation rather than progression or metastatic disease. The patient proceeded to have successful surgical clearance of residual tumour. Significantly, failure to suspect granulomatous reactions and pseudoprogression has profound influence on the trajectory of patient care, such as, the potential for patients to miss out on curative surgery. In this case report and review of the literature, we evaluate the role of pseudoprogression and the need for radiologists to be aware of this phenomenon so that they do not mistakenly report new metastases and derail the treatment paradigm for patients with curable malignant conditions.
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- 2024
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7. Pseudoprogression versus true progression in glioblastoma: what neurosurgeons need to know.
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Young, Jacob, Al-Adli, Nadeem, Scotford, Katie, Berger, Mitchel, and Cha, Soonmee
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glioblastoma ,glioma ,oncology ,radiation necrosis ,treatment-related effects ,true progression ,tumor ,pseudoprogression ,Humans ,Glioblastoma ,Neurosurgeons ,Brain Neoplasms ,Disease Progression ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Abstract
Management of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is complex and involves implementing standard therapies including resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, as well as novel immunotherapies and targeted small-molecule inhibitors through clinical trials and precision medicine approaches. As treatments have advanced, the radiological and clinical assessment of patients with GBM has become even more challenging and nuanced. Advances in spatial resolution and both anatomical and physiological information that can be derived from MRI have greatly improved the noninvasive assessment of GBM before, during, and after therapy. Identification of pseudoprogression (PsP), defined as changes concerning for tumor progression that are, in fact, transient and related to treatment response, is critical for successful patient management. These temporary changes can produce new clinical symptoms due to mass effect and edema. Differentiating this entity from true tumor progression is a major decision point in the patients management and prognosis. Providers may choose to start an alternative therapy, transition to a clinical trial, consider repeat resection, or continue with the current therapy in hopes of resolution. In this review, the authors describe the invasive and noninvasive techniques neurosurgeons need to be aware of to identify PsP and facilitate surgical decision-making.
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- 2023
8. Radiotherapy Induced Central Nervous System Toxicity
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Munshi, Anusheel, Sarkar, Biplab, Pandey, Vikas, Sonkar, Deepak Raj, Sood Sharma, Kanika, editor, Chanana, Raajit, editor, and Sood, Gaurav, editor
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- 2024
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9. Advances in Pseudoprogression of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
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Yajun TONG, Yong LONG, Fan ZHANG, and Junfeng LI
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lung neoplasms ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,pseudoprogression ,immunotherapy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly improved the prognosis of advanced lung cancer patients, but can lead to pseudoprogression (PsP), which complicates clinical evaluation and management. PsP is manifested as temporary enlargement of the tumour or the appearance of new lesions, etc., and improvement in imaging occurs with continued treatment, mostly without worsening of clinical symptoms. Currently, there are still difficulties in the early diagnosis of PsP, and its occurrence mechanism is not yet clear, lacking good predictive factors and related biomarkers. This article reviews the current research status of PsP of ICIs in non-small cell lung cancer in order to provide helpful clinical strategies for oncologists using these drugs.
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- 2024
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10. Multiparametric Analysis Combining DSC-MR Perfusion and [18F]FET-PET is Superior to a Single Parameter Approach for Differentiation of Progressive Glioma from Radiation Necrosis.
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Panholzer, Jürgen, Malsiner-Walli, Gertraud, Grün, Bettina, Kalev, Ognian, Sonnberger, Michael, and Pichler, Robert
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Purpose: Perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and O‑(2-[18F]fluoroethyl-)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET) positron emission tomography (PET) are both useful for discrimination of progressive disease (PD) from radiation necrosis (RN) in patients with gliomas. Previous literature showed that the combined use of FET-PET and MRI-PWI is advantageous; hhowever the increased diagnostic performances were only modest compared to the use of a single modality. Hence, the goal of this study was to further explore the benefit of combining MRI-PWI and [18F]FET-PET for differentiation of PD from RN. Secondarily, we evaluated the usefulness of cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TTP) as previous studies mainly examined cerebral blood volume (CBV). Methods: In this single center study, we retrospectively identified patients with WHO grades II–IV gliomas with suspected tumor recurrence, presenting with ambiguous findings on structural MRI. For differentiation of PD from RN we used both MRI-PWI and [18F]FET-PET. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI-PWI provided normalized parameters derived from perfusion maps (r(relative)CBV, rCBF, rMTT, rTTP). Static [18F]FET-PET parameters including mean and maximum tumor to brain ratios (TBR
mean , TBRmax ) were calculated. Based on histopathology and radioclinical follow-up we diagnosed PD in 27 and RN in 10 cases. Using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated for single and multiparametric models. The performances of single and multiparametric approaches were assessed with analysis of variance and cross-validation. Results: After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 37 patients in this study. Regarding the in-sample based approach, in single parameter analysis rTBRmean (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001), rTBRmax (AUC = 0.89, p < 0.001), rTTP (AUC = 0.87, p < 0.001) and rCBVmean (AUC = 0.84, p < 0.001) were efficacious for discrimination of PD from RN. The rCBFmean and rMTT did not reach statistical significance. A classification model consisting of TBRmean , rCBVmean and rTTP achieved an AUC of 0.98 (p < 0.001), outperforming the use of rTBRmean alone, which was the single parametric approach with the highest AUC. Analysis of variance confirmed the superiority of the multiparametric approach over the single parameter one (p = 0.002). While cross-validation attributed the highest AUC value to the model consisting of TBRmean and rCBVmean , it also suggested that the addition of rTTP resulted in the highest accuracy. Overall, multiparametric models performed better than single parameter ones. Conclusion: A multiparametric MRI-PWI and [18F]FET-PET model consisting of TBRmean , rCBVmean and PWI rTTP significantly outperformed the use of rTBRmean alone, which was the best single parameter approach. Secondarily, we firstly report the potential usefulness of PWI rTTP for discrimination of PD from RN in patients with glioma; however, for validation of our findings the prospective studies with larger patient samples are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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11. Response assessment of GBM during immunotherapy by delayed contrast treatment response assessment maps.
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Cuccarini, Valeria, Savoldi, Filippo, Mardor, Yael, Last, David, Pellegatta, Serena, Mazzi, Federica, Bruzzone, Maria Grazia, Anghileri, Elena, Pollo, Bianca, Maddaloni, Luisa, Russo, Camilla, Bocchi, Elisa, Pinzi, Valentina, Eoli, Marica, and Aquino, Domenico
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TREATMENT delay (Medicine) ,KILLER cells ,BLOOD cell count ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,CONTRAST-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Introduction: Assessing the treatment response of glioblastoma multiforme during immunotherapy (IT) is an open issue. Treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) might help distinguish true tumor progression (TTP) and pseudoprogression (PsP) in this setting. Methods: We recruited 16 naïve glioblastoma patients enrolled in a phase II trial consisting of the Stupp protocol (a standardized treatment for glioblastoma involving combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide) plus IT with dendritic cells. Patients were followed up till progression or death; seven underwent a second surgery for suspected progression. Clinical, immunological, and MRI data were collected from all patients and histology in case of second surgery. Patients were classified as responders (progression-free survival, PFS > 12 months), and non-responders (PFS ≤ 12), HIGH-NK (natural killer cells, i.e., immunological responders), and LOW-NK (immunological non-responders) based on immune cell counts in peripheral blood. TRAMs differentiate contrast-enhancing lesions with different washout dynamics into hypothesized tumoral (conventionally blue-colored) vs. treatment-related (red-colored). Results: Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, a threshold of −0.066 in V
Blue /VCE (volume of the blue portion of tumoral area/volume of contrast enhancement) variation between values obtained in the MRI performed before PsP/TTP and at TTP/PSP allowed to discriminate TTP from PsP with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 100%. Among HIGH-NK patients, at month 6 there was a significant reduction compared to baseline and month 2 in median “blue” volumes. Discussion: In conclusion, in our pilot study TRAMs support the discrimination between tumoral and treatment-related enhancing features in immunological responders vs. non-responders, the distinction between PsP and TTP, and might provide surrogate markers of immunological response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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12. Oncological Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide with versus without Confirmatory Bone Scan.
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Jeong, Chang Wook, Han, Jang Hee, Kwon, Dong Deuk, Joung, Jae Young, Kim, Choung-Soo, Ahn, Hanjong, Hong, Jun Hyuk, Kim, Tae-Hwan, Chung, Byung Ha, Jeon, Seong Soo, Kang, Minyong, Hong, Sung Kyu, Jung, Tae Young, Park, Sung Woo, Yun, Seok Joong, Lee, Ji Yeol, Lee, Seung Hwan, Kang, Seok Ho, and Kwak, Cheol
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CASTRATION-resistant prostate cancer , *RADIONUCLIDE imaging - Abstract
Purpose In men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new bone lesions are sometimes not properly categorized through a confirmatory bone scan, and clinical significance of the test itself remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting and their prognostic impact in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC. Materials and Methods Patients who received oral enzalutamide for mCRPC during 2014-2017 at 14 tertiary centers in Korea were included. Patients lacking imaging assessment data or insufficient drug exposure were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed. Results Overall, 520 patients with mCRPC were enrolled (240 [26.2%] chemotherapy-naïve and 280 [53.2%] after chemotherapy). Among 352 responders, 92 patients (26.1%) showed new bone lesions in their early bone scan. Confirmatory bone scan was performed in 41 patients (44.6%), and it was associated with prolonged OS in the entire population (median, 30.9 vs. 19.7 months; p < 0.001), as well as in the chemotherapy-naïve (median, 47.2 vs. 20.5 months; p=0.011) and post-chemotherapy sub-groups (median, 25.5 vs. 18.0 months; p=0.006). Multivariate Cox regression showed that confirmatory bone scan performance was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.69; p=0.002). Conclusion Confirmatory bone scan performance was associated with prolonged OS. Thus, the premature discontinuation of enzalutamide without confirmatory bone scans should be discouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Early pseudoprogression and progression lesions in glioblastoma patients are both metabolically heterogeneous.
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Ungan, Gülnur, Pons‐Escoda, Albert, Ulinic, Daniel, Arús, Carles, Ortega‐Martorell, Sandra, Olier, Ivan, Vellido, Alfredo, Majós, Carles, and Julià‐Sapé, Margarida
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GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,ADJUVANT chemotherapy ,TEMOZOLOMIDE ,MATRIX decomposition ,NONNEGATIVE matrices - Abstract
The standard treatment in glioblastoma includes maximal safe resection followed by concomitant radiotherapy plus chemotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide. The first follow‐up study to evaluate treatment response is performed 1 month after concomitant treatment, when contrast‐enhancing regions may appear that can correspond to true progression or pseudoprogression. We retrospectively evaluated 31 consecutive patients at the first follow‐up after concomitant treatment to check whether the metabolic pattern assessed with multivoxel MRS was predictive of treatment response 2 months later. We extracted the underlying metabolic patterns of the contrast‐enhancing regions with a blind‐source separation method and mapped them over the reference images. Pattern heterogeneity was calculated using entropy, and association between patterns and outcomes was measured with Cramér's V. We identified three distinct metabolic patterns—proliferative, necrotic, and responsive, which were associated with status 2 months later. Individually, 70% of the patients showed metabolically heterogeneous patterns in the contrast‐enhancing regions. Metabolic heterogeneity was not related to the regions' size and only stable patients were less heterogeneous than the rest. Contrast‐enhancing regions are also metabolically heterogeneous 1 month after concomitant treatment. This could explain the reported difficulty in finding robust pseudoprogression biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Case report: Immune response characterization of a pseudoprogression in a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated metastatic NSCLC
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Nicolas Roussot, Marion Thibaudin, Jean-David Fumet, Susy Daumoine, Léa Hampe, Cédric Rébé, Emeric Limagne, Aurélie Lagrange, Victor Herreros, Julie Lecuelle, Hugo Mananet, Alis Ilie, David Rageot, Romain Boidot, Vincent Goussot, Anthony Comte, Pierre Jacob, Françoise Beltjens, Anthony Bergeron, Céline Charon-Barra, Laurent Arnould, Valentin Derangère, Sylvain Ladoire, Caroline Truntzer, and François Ghiringhelli
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case report ,NSCLC ,pseudoprogression ,chemoimmunotherapy ,neoantigen ,cold tumor ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
A patient with a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experienced a multisite radiological progression at 3 months after initiation of chemoimmunotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic disease. After the radiological progression, while she was not undergoing treatment, the patient had spontaneous lesions shrinkage and further achieved a prolonged complete response. Genomic and transcriptomic data collected at baseline and at the time of pseudoprogression allowed us to biologically characterize this rare response pattern. We observed the presence of a tumor-specific T-cell response against tumor-specific neoantigens (TNAs). Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) expression following chemoimmunotherapy was also observed, concurrent with biological features of an anti-viral-like innate immune response with type I IFN signaling and production of CXCR3-associated chemokines. This is the first biological characterization of a NSCLC pseudoprogression under chemoimmunotherapy followed by a prolonged complete response in a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, KEAP1/STK11 co-mutated NSCLC. These clinical and biological data underline that even patients with multiple factors of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors could trigger a tumor-specific immune response to tumor neoantigen, leading to complete eradication of the tumor and probably a vaccinal immune response.
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- 2024
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15. Retrospective examination of pseudoprogression in IDH mutant gliomas
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Wetzel, Ethan A, Farrell, Matthew J, Eldred, Blaine SC, Liu, Vicki, Saha, Ishan, Rinonos, Serendipity Zapanta, Prins, Terry, Li, Tie, Cao, Minsong, Hegde, John, Kaprealian, Tania, Khanlou, Negar, Liau, Linda M, Nghiemphu, Phioanh Leia, Cloughesy, Timothy Francis, Chong, Robert A, Ellingson, Benjamin M, and Lai, Albert
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Cancer ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Brain Cancer ,Brain Disorders ,contrast enhancement ,glioma ,IDH1 ,2 ,pseudoprogression ,radiation necrosis ,IDH1/2 - Abstract
BackgroundTumor surveillance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas is accomplished via serial contrast MRI. When new contrast enhancement (CEnew) is detected during postsurgical surveillance, clinicians must assess whether CEnew indicates pseudoprogression (PsP) or tumor progression (TP). PsP has been better studied in IDH wild-type glioblastoma but has not been well characterized in IDH mutant gliomas. We conducted a retrospective study evaluating the incidence, predictors, natural history, and survival of PsP patients in a large cohort of IDH mutant glioma patients treated at a single institution.MethodsWe identified 587 IDH mutant glioma patients treated at UCLA. We directly inspected MRI images and radiology reports to identify CEnew and categorized CEnew into TP or PsP using MRI or histopathology.ResultsFifty-six percent of patients developed CEnew (326/587); of these, 92/326 patients (28% of CEnew; 16% of all) developed PsP and 179/326 (55%) developed TP. All PsP patients had prior radiation, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. PsP was associated with longer overall survival (OS) versus TP patients and similar OS versus no CEnew. PsP differs from TP based on earlier time of onset (median 5.8 vs 17.4 months from treatment, P < .0001) and MRI features that include punctate enhancement and enhancement location.ConclusionPsP patients represented 28% of CEnew patients and 16% of all patients; PsP patients demonstrated superior outcomes to TP patients, and equivalent survival to patients without CEnew. PsP persists for
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- 2023
16. Noninvasive radiomic biomarkers for predicting pseudoprogression and hyperprogression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibition
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Yikun Li, Peiliang Wang, Junhao Xu, Xiaonan Shi, Tianwen Yin, and Feifei Teng
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Computed tomography ,hyperprogression ,immunotherapy ,non-small cell lung cancer ,pseudoprogression ,radiomics ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to develop a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics model capable of precisely predicting hyperprogression and pseudoprogression (PP) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed 105 patients with NSCLC, from three institutions, treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and categorized them into training and independent testing set. Subsequently, we processed CT scans with a series of image-preprocessing techniques, and 6008 radiomic features capturing intra- and peritumoral texture patterns were extracted. We used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model to select radiomic features and construct machine learning models. To further differentiate between progressive disease (PD) and hyperprogressive disease (HPD), we developed a new radiomics model. The logistic regression (LR) model showed optimal performance in distinguishing PP from HPD, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-0.99) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66-1) in the training and testing sets, respectively. Additionally, the support vector machine model showed optimal performance in distinguishing PD from HPD, with AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93-1) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.72-1) in the training and testing sets, respectively. Kaplan‒Meier survival curves showed clear stratification between PP predicted by the radiomics model and true progression (HPD and PD) (hazard ratio = 0.337, 95% CI: 0.200–0.568, p
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- 2024
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17. Systemic inflammatory markers and volume of enhancing tissue on post-contrast T1w MRI images in differentiating true tumor progression from pseudoprogression in high-grade glioma
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Camilla Satragno, Irene Schiavetti, Eugenia Cella, Federica Picichè, Laura Falcitano, Martina Resaz, Monica Truffelli, Stefano Caneva, Pietro Mattioli, Daniela Esposito, Alessio Ginulla, Claudio Scaffidi, Pietro Fiaschi, Alessandro D’Andrea, Andrea Bianconi, Gianluigi Zona, Laura Barletta, Luca Roccatagliata, Lucio Castellan, Silvia Morbelli, Matteo Bauckneht, Isabella Donegani, Paolo Nozza, Dario Arnaldi, Giulia Vidano, Flavio Gianelli, Salvina Barra, Elisa Bennicelli, and Liliana Belgioia
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High-grade glioma ,Pseudoprogression ,Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index ,Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio ,Post-contrast T1-weighted volume ,Volumetric analysis ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background: High-grade glioma (HGG) patients post-radiotherapy often face challenges distinguishing true tumor progression (TTP) from pseudoprogression (PsP). This study evaluates the effectiveness of systemic inflammatory markers and volume of enhancing tissue on post-contrast T1 weighted (T1WCE) MRI images for this differentiation within the first six months after treatment. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on a cohort of HGG patients from 2015 to 2021, categorized per WHO 2016 and 2021 criteria. We analyzed treatment responses using modified RANO criteria and conducted volumetry on T1WCE and T2W/FLAIR images.Blood parameters assessed included neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). We employed Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test for statistical analyses, using log-transformed predictors due to multicollinearity. A Cox regression analysis assessed the impact of PsP- and TTP-related factors on overall survival (OS). Results: The cohort consisted of 39 patients, where 16 exhibited PsP and 23 showed TTP. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher NLR and SII in the TTP group [NLR: 4.1 vs 7.3, p = 0.002; SII 546.5 vs 890.5p = 0.009]. T1WCE volume distinctly differentiated PsP from TTP [2.2 vs 11.7, p
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- 2024
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18. Glioblastoma Pseudoprogression Discrimination Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Principal Component Analysis, and Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning.
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Thenier-Villa, José Luis, Martínez-Ricarte, Francisco Ramón, Figueroa-Vezirian, Margarita, and Arikan-Abelló, Fuat
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MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance , *MACHINE learning , *GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme - Abstract
One of the most frequent phenomena in the follow-up of glioblastoma is pseudoprogression, present in up to half of cases. The clinical usefulness of discriminating this phenomenon through magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine has not yet been standardized; in this study, we used machine learning on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to explore discriminators of this phenomenon. For the study, 30 patients diagnosed with IDH wild-type glioblastoma operated on at both study centers in 2011–2020 were selected; 15 patients corresponded to early tumor progression and 15 patients to pseudoprogression. Using unsupervised learning, the number of clusters and tumor segmentation was recorded using gap-stat and k-means method, adjusting to voxel adjacency. In a second phase, a class prediction was carried out with a multinomial logistic regression supervised learning method; the outcome variables were the percentage of assignment, class overrepresentation, and degree of voxel adjacency. Unsupervised learning of the tumor in its diagnosis shows up to 14 well-differentiated tumor areas. In the supervised learning phase, there is a higher percentage of assigned classes (P < 0.01), less overrepresentation of classes (P < 0.01), and greater adjacency (55% vs. 33%) in cases of true tumor progression compared with pseudoprogression. True tumor progression preserves the multidimensional characteristics of the basal tumor at the voxel and region of interest level, resulting in a characteristic differential pattern when supervised learning is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Prospective Assessment of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for Early Identification of Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Induced Pseudoprogression.
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Homburg, Sif, Christensen, Charlotte Birk, Pedersen, Magnus, Sørensen, Simon Grund, Donia, Marco, Svane, Inge Marie, Hendel, Helle Westergren, and Ellebaek, Eva
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MELANOMA prognosis , *PREDICTIVE tests , *RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS , *MELANOMA , *T-test (Statistics) , *DEOXY sugars , *EARLY detection of cancer , *CLINICAL trials , *POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CANCER patients , *IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors , *METASTASIS , *LONGITUDINAL method , *BLOOD sugar , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *RESEARCH , *ANTHROPOMETRY , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *DATA analysis software , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *COMPARATIVE studies , *DISEASE progression , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) , *SPONTANEOUS cancer regression , *OVERALL survival - Abstract
Simple Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors are standard treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma, and treatment response is most optimally evaluated with FDG-PET/CT. Pseudoprogression describes the difficulty of distinguishing between real cancer growth and growth occurring due to active infiltrating immune cells that mistakenly look like tumor growth on scans. The aim of our study was to investigate whether dual-time point (DTP) FDG-PET/CT scan and modified response criteria (PERCIMT) could be helpful in detecting pseudoprogression. Our findings suggest limited efficacy of DTP FDG-PET/CT whereas PERCIMT criteria could be included in the clinical decision making ensuring correct treatment choices. The activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with metastatic melanoma is often monitored using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) scans. However, distinguishing disease progression (PD) from pseudoprogression (PsPD), where increased FDG uptake might reflect immune cell activity rather than tumor growth, remains a challenge. This prospective study compared the efficacy of dual-time point (DTP) FDG-PET/CT with modified response criteria (PERCIMT) in differentiating PsPD from PD. From July 2017–January 2021, 41 patients suspected to have PsPD on an evaluation scan were prospectively included (29 evaluable). A subsequent DTP FDG-PET/CT scan was conducted within 14 days, followed by a confirmatory FDG-PET/CT scan. Additionally, PERCIMT were applied. DTP FDG-PET/CT identified 24% with PsPD and 76% with PD. Applying PERCIMT criteria, 69% showed PsPD, while 31% had PD. On follow-up, 10 patients (34%) demonstrated confirmed PsPD, while 19 (66%) exhibited PD. The sensitivity and specificity of DTP FDG-PET/CT were 20% and 74%, respectively, and for PERCIMT this was 80% and 37%, respectively. Our findings suggest limited efficacy of DTP FDG-PET/CT in distinguishing PsPD from PD in ICI-treated patients with metastatic melanoma. The use of PERCIMT could complement clinical assessment and be incorporated in multidisciplinary team conferences for enhanced decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Umbrella review and network meta-analysis of diagnostic imaging test accuracy studies in Differentiating between brain tumor progression versus pseudoprogression and radionecrosis.
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Dagher, Richard, Gad, Mona, da Silva de Santana, Paloma, Sadeghi, Mohammad Amin, Yewedalsew, Selome F., Gujar, Sachin K., Yedavalli, Vivek, Köhler, Cristiano André, Khan, Majid, Tavora, Daniel Gurgel Fernandes, Kamson, David Olayinka, Sair, Haris I., and Luna, Licia P.
- Abstract
Purpose: In this study we gathered and analyzed the available evidence regarding 17 different imaging modalities and performed network meta-analysis to find the most effective modality for the differentiation between brain tumor recurrence and post-treatment radiation effects. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic search on PubMed and Embase. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 (AMSTAR-2) instrument. For each meta-analysis, we recalculated the effect size, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio from the individual study data provided in the original meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Imaging technique comparisons were then assessed using NMA. Ranking was assessed using the multidimensional scaling approach and by visually assessing surface under the cumulative ranking curves. Results: We identified 32 eligible studies. High confidence in the results was found in only one of them, with a substantial heterogeneity and small study effect in 21% and 9% of included meta-analysis respectively. Comparisons between MRS Cho/NAA, Cho/Cr, DWI, and DSC were most studied. Our analysis showed MRS (Cho/NAA) and 18F-DOPA PET displayed the highest sensitivity and negative likelihood ratios. 18-FET PET was ranked highest among the 17 studied techniques with statistical significance. APT MRI was the only non-nuclear imaging modality to rank higher than DSC, with statistical insignificance, however. Conclusion: The evidence regarding which imaging modality is best for the differentiation between radiation necrosis and post-treatment radiation effects is still inconclusive. Using NMA, our analysis ranked FET PET to be the best for such a task based on the available evidence. APT MRI showed promising results as a non-nuclear alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Bildgebung bei Immuntherapie bei Tumorerkrankungen.
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Sedlaczek, Oliver
- Abstract
Copyright of Die Radiologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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22. Response assessment of GBM during immunotherapy by delayed contrast treatment response assessment maps
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Valeria Cuccarini, Filippo Savoldi, Yael Mardor, David Last, Serena Pellegatta, Federica Mazzi, Maria Grazia Bruzzone, Elena Anghileri, Bianca Pollo, Luisa Maddaloni, Camilla Russo, Elisa Bocchi, Valentina Pinzi, Marica Eoli, and Domenico Aquino
- Subjects
glioblastoma ,immunotherapy ,Stupp protocol ,magnetic resonance imaging ,pseudoprogression ,TRAMs ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
IntroductionAssessing the treatment response of glioblastoma multiforme during immunotherapy (IT) is an open issue. Treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) might help distinguish true tumor progression (TTP) and pseudoprogression (PsP) in this setting.MethodsWe recruited 16 naïve glioblastoma patients enrolled in a phase II trial consisting of the Stupp protocol (a standardized treatment for glioblastoma involving combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide, followed by adjuvant temozolomide) plus IT with dendritic cells. Patients were followed up till progression or death; seven underwent a second surgery for suspected progression. Clinical, immunological, and MRI data were collected from all patients and histology in case of second surgery. Patients were classified as responders (progression-free survival, PFS > 12 months), and non-responders (PFS ≤ 12), HIGH-NK (natural killer cells, i.e., immunological responders), and LOW-NK (immunological non-responders) based on immune cell counts in peripheral blood. TRAMs differentiate contrast-enhancing lesions with different washout dynamics into hypothesized tumoral (conventionally blue-colored) vs. treatment-related (red-colored).ResultsUsing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, a threshold of −0.066 in VBlue/VCE (volume of the blue portion of tumoral area/volume of contrast enhancement) variation between values obtained in the MRI performed before PsP/TTP and at TTP/PSP allowed to discriminate TTP from PsP with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 100%. Among HIGH-NK patients, at month 6 there was a significant reduction compared to baseline and month 2 in median “blue” volumes.DiscussionIn conclusion, in our pilot study TRAMs support the discrimination between tumoral and treatment-related enhancing features in immunological responders vs. non-responders, the distinction between PsP and TTP, and might provide surrogate markers of immunological response.
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- 2024
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23. Histopathologically confirmed radiation-induced damage of the brain – an in-depth analysis of radiation parameters and spatio-temporal occurrence
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Mario R. P. Kossmann, Felix Ehret, Siyer Roohani, Sebastian F. Winter, Pirus Ghadjar, Güliz Acker, Carolin Senger, Simone Schmid, Daniel Zips, and David Kaul
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Radiation necrosis ,Radionecrosis ,Pseudoprogression ,Subventricular zone ,Heatmap ,Frequency map ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Radiation-induced damage (RID) after radiotherapy (RT) of primary brain tumors and metastases can be challenging to clinico-radiographically distinguish from tumor progression. RID includes pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis; the latter being irreversible and often associated with severe symptoms. While histopathology constitutes the diagnostic gold standard, biopsy-controlled clinical studies investigating RID remain limited. Whether certain brain areas are potentially more vulnerable to RID remains an area of active investigation. Here, we analyze histopathologically confirmed cases of RID in relation to the temporal and spatial dose distribution. Methods Histopathologically confirmed cases of RID after photon-based RT for primary or secondary central nervous system malignancies were included. Demographic, clinical, and dosimetric data were collected from patient records and treatment planning systems. We calculated the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD22) and the biologically effective dose (BED2) for normal brain tissue (α/β ratio of 2 Gy) and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution using frequency maps. Results Thirty-three patients were identified. High-grade glioma patients (n = 18) mostly received one normofractionated RT series (median cumulative EQD22 60 Gy) to a large planning target volume (PTV) (median 203.9 ccm) before diagnosis of RID. Despite the low EQD22 and BED2, three patients with an accelerated hyperfractionated RT developed RID. In contrast, brain metastases patients (n = 15; 16 RID lesions) were often treated with two or more RT courses and with radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic RT, resulting in a higher cumulative EQD22 (median 162.4 Gy), to a small PTV (median 6.7 ccm). All (n = 34) RID lesions occurred within the PTV of at least one of the preceding RT courses. RID in the high-grade glioma group showed a frontotemporal distribution pattern, whereas, in metastatic patients, RID was observed throughout the brain with highest density in the parietal lobe. The cumulative EQD22 was significantly lower in RID lesions that involved the subventricular zone (SVZ) than in lesions without SVZ involvement (median 60 Gy vs. 141 Gy, p = 0.01). Conclusions Accelerated hyperfractionated RT can lead to RID despite computationally low EQD22 and BED2 in high-grade glioma patients. The anatomical location of RID corresponded to the general tumor distribution of gliomas and metastases. The SVZ might be a particularly vulnerable area.
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- 2023
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24. [18F]FDG-PET/CT atypical response patterns to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients: long term prognosis assessment and clinical management proposal
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Masse, Mathilde, Chardin, David, Tricarico, Pierre, Ferrari, Victoria, Martin, Nicolas, Otto, Josiane, Darcourt, Jacques, Comte, Victor, and Humbert, Olivier
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- 2024
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25. Resolving spatial response heterogeneity in glioblastoma
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Ziegenfeuter, Julian, Delbridge, Claire, Bernhardt, Denise, Gempt, Jens, Schmidt-Graf, Friederike, Hedderich, Dennis, Griessmair, Michael, Thomas, Marie, Meyer, Hanno S, Zimmer, Claus, Meyer, Bernhard, Combs, Stephanie E, Yakushev, Igor, Metz, Marie-Christin, and Wiestler, Benedikt
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- 2024
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26. Case Report: Longterm metabolic response of metastatic uveal melanoma to pembrolizumab on FDG-PET/CT despite a serial pseudoprogressions phenomenon.
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Amrane, Karim, Le Meur, Coline, Thuillier, Philippe, Kamga, Jacques Dzuko, Alemany, Pierre, Chauvelot, Frederic, Niel, Clémence, Bellange, Alex, and Abgral, Ronan
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UVEA cancer ,POSITRON emission tomography ,PEMBROLIZUMAB ,MELANOMA ,METASTASIS ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors - Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UV) is a rare and aggressive melanoma with poor 1-year survival. up to 50% of UV patients develop metastases, mainly to the liver. Here, the authors present a 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) study of a very rare case of secondarily metastatic UV in an 81-year-old Caucasian with a dramatic response to pembrolizumab associated with serial pseudogression. 18F-FDG-PET associated with clinical status and peripheral blood derived neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were performed to guide therapeutic strategy due to an atypical pseudoprogression phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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27. Histopathologically confirmed radiation-induced damage of the brain – an in-depth analysis of radiation parameters and spatio-temporal occurrence.
- Author
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Kossmann, Mario R. P., Ehret, Felix, Roohani, Siyer, Winter, Sebastian F., Ghadjar, Pirus, Acker, Güliz, Senger, Carolin, Schmid, Simone, Zips, Daniel, and Kaul, David
- Subjects
- *
BRAIN damage , *BRAIN tumors , *PARIETAL lobe , *CENTRAL nervous system , *RADIATION injuries , *CANCER invasiveness , *MEDICAL dosimetry - Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced damage (RID) after radiotherapy (RT) of primary brain tumors and metastases can be challenging to clinico-radiographically distinguish from tumor progression. RID includes pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis; the latter being irreversible and often associated with severe symptoms. While histopathology constitutes the diagnostic gold standard, biopsy-controlled clinical studies investigating RID remain limited. Whether certain brain areas are potentially more vulnerable to RID remains an area of active investigation. Here, we analyze histopathologically confirmed cases of RID in relation to the temporal and spatial dose distribution. Methods: Histopathologically confirmed cases of RID after photon-based RT for primary or secondary central nervous system malignancies were included. Demographic, clinical, and dosimetric data were collected from patient records and treatment planning systems. We calculated the equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD22) and the biologically effective dose (BED2) for normal brain tissue (α/β ratio of 2 Gy) and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution using frequency maps. Results: Thirty-three patients were identified. High-grade glioma patients (n = 18) mostly received one normofractionated RT series (median cumulative EQD22 60 Gy) to a large planning target volume (PTV) (median 203.9 ccm) before diagnosis of RID. Despite the low EQD22 and BED2, three patients with an accelerated hyperfractionated RT developed RID. In contrast, brain metastases patients (n = 15; 16 RID lesions) were often treated with two or more RT courses and with radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic RT, resulting in a higher cumulative EQD22 (median 162.4 Gy), to a small PTV (median 6.7 ccm). All (n = 34) RID lesions occurred within the PTV of at least one of the preceding RT courses. RID in the high-grade glioma group showed a frontotemporal distribution pattern, whereas, in metastatic patients, RID was observed throughout the brain with highest density in the parietal lobe. The cumulative EQD22 was significantly lower in RID lesions that involved the subventricular zone (SVZ) than in lesions without SVZ involvement (median 60 Gy vs. 141 Gy, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Accelerated hyperfractionated RT can lead to RID despite computationally low EQD22 and BED2 in high-grade glioma patients. The anatomical location of RID corresponded to the general tumor distribution of gliomas and metastases. The SVZ might be a particularly vulnerable area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. Neurotoxicity of Cancer Immunotherapies Including CAR T Cell Therapy.
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Song, Kun-Wei, Scott, Brian J., and Lee, Eudocia Q.
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Purpose of Review: To outline the spectrum of neurotoxicity seen with approved immunotherapies and in pivotal clinical trials including immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic viruses. Recent Findings: There has been an exponential growth in new immunotherapies, which has transformed the landscape of oncology treatment. With more widespread use of cancer immunotherapies, there have also been advances in characterization of its associated neurotoxicity, research into potential underlying mechanisms, and development of management guidelines. Increasingly, there is also mounting interest in long-term neurologic sequelae. Summary: Neurologic complications of immunotherapy can impact every aspect of the central and peripheral nervous system. Early recognition and treatment are critical. Expanding indications for immunotherapy to solid and CNS tumors has led to new challenges, such as how to reliably distinguish neurotoxicity from disease progression. Our evolving understanding of immunotherapy neurotoxicity highlights important areas for future research and the need for novel immunomodulatory therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. Genomic alterations associated with pseudoprogression and hyperprogressive disease during anti-PD1 treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Rui Zhou, Fan Tong, Yongchang Zhang, Ruigang Zhang, Yawen Bin, Sheng Zhang, Nong Yang, and Xiaorong Dong
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NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,CIRCULATING tumor DNA ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between dynamic genomic mutation alteration and pseudoprogression (PsPD)/hyperprogressive disease (HPD) in immunotherapy-treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to provide clinical evidence for identifying and distinguishing between PsPD and HPD. Method: Patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with anti-PD1 were enrolled. Whole blood was collected at baseline and post image progression. Serum was separated and sequenced using 425-panel next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS). Results: NGS revealed that not only single gene mutations were associated with PsPD/HPD before treatment, dynamic monitoring of the whole-blood genome mutation spectrum also varied greatly. Mutational burden, allele frequency%, and relative circulating tumor DNA abundance indicated that the fold change after image progression was much higher in the HPD group. Discussion: The gene mutation profiles of PsPD and HPD not only differed before treatment, but higher genome mutation spectrum post image progression indicated true disease progression in patients with HPD. This suggests that dynamic whole-genome mutation profile monitoring as NGS can distinguish PsPD from HPD more effectively than single gene detection, providing a novel method for guiding clinical immune treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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30. Unraveling the Complexities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
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Han, Xinpu, Sun, Qianhui, Xu, Manman, Zhu, Guanghui, Gao, Ruike, Ni, Baoyi, and Li, Jie
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IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors , *HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma , *IPILIMUMAB , *GUT microbiome , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
This article discusses the complexities of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It explores the challenges of resistance to ICIs and unconventional response patterns, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression. The article emphasizes the need for further research to understand the mechanisms and predictive biomarkers associated with ICIs, as well as the risk factors and treatment options for HCC. It also discusses strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance and highlights the role of radiotherapy, mutational signaling pathways, epigenetic changes, and gut microbiota in reducing resistance. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for more research to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy in HCC patients. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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31. Influence of MRI Follow-Up on Treatment Decisions during Standard Concomitant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Glioblastoma: Is Less More?
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van Dijken, Bart R. J., Doff, Annerieke R., Enting, Roelien H., van Laar, Peter Jan, Jeltema, Hanne-Rinck, Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O., and van der Hoorn, Anouk
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ADJUVANT chemotherapy , *PATIENT aftercare , *GLIOMAS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *UNCERTAINTY , *CHEMORADIOTHERAPY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUALITY assurance , *DECISION making in clinical medicine , *TERMINATION of treatment ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Simple Summary: Glioblastomas are brain tumors with a poor prognosis, and early tumor progression occurs often. Therefore, patients are closely monitored with regular MRI scans, usually at 2–3 month intervals. However, there is no evidence for this strategy, and it is not known if patients benefit from this approach. Furthermore, effects from the treatment sometimes mimic tumor progression (pseudoprogression). Pseudoprogession can cause uncertainty and makes decision making about continuing or stopping treatment difficult. This study evaluated how often standard scheduled MRI scans influenced treatment decisions and how often MRI scans caused uncertainty. Standard scheduled follow-up MRI scans rarely led to treatment consequences (<10%). However, many MRI scans caused diagnostic uncertainty (>25%). When scans were made at unscheduled timepoints, e.g., in patients with new or worsening symptoms, they had more consequences. Our results do not support the current pragmatic follow-up strategy and suggest a more tailored follow-up approach for glioblastoma patients. MRI is the gold standard for treatment response assessments for glioblastoma. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal interval for MRI follow-up during standard treatment. Moreover, a reliable assessment of treatment response is hindered by the occurrence of pseudoprogression. It is unknown if a radiological follow-up strategy at 2–3 month intervals actually benefits patients and how it influences clinical decision making about the continuation or discontinuation of treatment. This study assessed the consequences of scheduled follow-up scans post-chemoradiotherapy (post-CCRT), after three cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy [TMZ3/6], and after the completion of treatment [TMZ6/6]), and of unscheduled scans on treatment decisions during standard concomitant and adjuvant treatment in glioblastoma patients. Additionally, we evaluated how often follow-up scans resulted in diagnostic uncertainty (tumor progression versus pseudoprogression), and whether perfusion MRI improved clinical decision making. Scheduled follow-up scans during standard treatment in glioblastoma patients rarely resulted in an early termination of treatment (2.3% post-CCRT, 3.2% TMZ3/6, and 7.8% TMZ6/6), but introduced diagnostic uncertainty in 27.7% of cases. Unscheduled scans resulted in more major treatment consequences (30%; p < 0.001). Perfusion MRI caused less diagnostic uncertainty (p = 0.021) but did not influence treatment consequences (p = 0.871). This study does not support the current pragmatic follow-up strategy and suggests a more tailored follow-up approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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32. A novel [89Zr]-anti-PD-1-PET-CT to assess response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer.
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Puyalto, Ander, Rodríguez-Remírez, María, López, Inés, Iribarren, Fabiola, Simón, Jon Ander, Ecay, Marga, Collantes, María, Vilalta-Lacarra, Anna, Francisco-Cruz, Alejandro, Solórzano, Jose Luis, Sandiego, Sergio, Peñuelas, Iván, Calvo, Alfonso, Ajona, Daniel, and Gil-Bazo, Ignacio
- Subjects
PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1 ,PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors ,LUNG cancer ,NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,TUMOR-infiltrating immune cells - Abstract
Background: Harnessing the anti-tumor immune system response by targeting the program cell death protein (PD-1) and program cell death ligand protein (PDL1) axis has been a major breakthrough in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. Nonetheless, conventional imaging tools cannot accurately assess response in immunotherapy-treated patients. Using a lung cancer syngeneic mouse model responder to immunotherapy, we aimed to demonstrate that [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 immuno-PET is a safe and feasible imaging modality to assess the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in NSCLC. Materials and methods: A syngeneic mouse model responder to anti-PD-1 therapy was used. Tumor growth and response to PD-1 blockade were monitored by conventional 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]-FDG) PET scans. Additionally, tumor lymphocyte infiltration was analyzed by the use of an [89Zr]-labeled anti-PD-1 antibody and measured as 89Zr tumor uptake. Results: Conventional [18F]-FDG-PET scans failed to detect the antitumor activity exerted by anti-PD-1 therapy. However, [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 uptake was substantially higher in mice that responded to PD-1 blockade. The analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations and interleukins demonstrated an increased anti-tumor effect elicited by activation of effector immune cells in PD-1-responder mice. Interestingly, a positive correlation between [89Zr]-anti-PD-1 uptake and the proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was found (Cor = 0.8; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Our data may support the clinical implementation of immuno-PET as a promising novel imaging tool to predict and assess the response of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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33. Advanced Imaging Techniques for Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Gliomas
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Carrete, Luis R, Young, Jacob S, and Cha, Soonmee
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Rare Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Research ,Bioengineering ,Brain Cancer ,Cancer ,Biomedical Imaging ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Good Health and Well Being ,glioma ,imaging ,recurrence ,progression ,pseudoprogression ,radiomics ,PET scanning ,Psychology ,Cognitive Sciences - Abstract
Management of gliomas following initial diagnosis requires thoughtful presurgical planning followed by regular imaging to monitor treatment response and survey for new tumor growth. Traditional MR imaging modalities such as T1 post-contrast and T2-weighted sequences have long been a staple of tumor diagnosis, surgical planning, and post-treatment surveillance. While these sequences remain integral in the management of gliomas, advances in imaging techniques have allowed for a more detailed characterization of tumor characteristics. Advanced MR sequences such as perfusion, diffusion, and susceptibility weighted imaging, as well as PET scans have emerged as valuable tools to inform clinical decision making and provide a non-invasive way to help distinguish between tumor recurrence and pseudoprogression. Furthermore, these advances in imaging have extended to the operating room and assist in making surgical resections safer. Nevertheless, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment continue to make the interpretation of MR changes difficult for glioma patients. As analytics and machine learning techniques improve, radiomics offers the potential to be more quantitative and personalized in the interpretation of imaging data for gliomas. In this review, we describe the role of these newer imaging modalities during the different stages of management for patients with gliomas, focusing on the pre-operative, post-operative, and surveillance periods. Finally, we discuss radiomics as a means of promoting personalized patient care in the future.
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- 2022
34. Patterns of Response to Immune Oncology Drugs: How Relevant Are They in SCCHN?
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Economopoulou, Panagiota, Psyrri, Amanda, Vermorken, Jan B., editor, Budach, Volker, editor, Leemans, C. René, editor, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, editor, Nicolai, Piero, editor, and O'Sullivan, Brian, editor
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- 2023
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35. Pseudoprogression; discussion of the concept of pseudoprogression on the characteristics of tomographic changes in liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients receiving bevacizumab therapy
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Pinar Ozdemir Akdur, Nazan Ciledag, Burcu Savran, and Ayse Ocak Duran
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bevacizumab ,colon cancer ,pseudoprogression ,metastasis ,Medicine - Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the concept of pseudoprogression in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases receiving bevacizumab treatment by considering the changes in the shape, size, and density of liver metastases by abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scans taken before and after treatment. This study is a retrospective evaluation of 16 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and bevacizumab and is based on computed tissue analysis of the dominant liver lesion at baseline and 2 months after chemotherapy. The borders of all metastatic lesions observed in the livers of patients treated with bevacizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy were sharpened, the size of some lesions remained the same while others increased, and the density of most metastatic lesions decreased. In our study, we concluded that the evaluation of response to treatment based only on size and number should be avoided by noting a pseudoprogression in liver metastases that shows an increase in size but no progression on clinical/laboratory and follow-up images. [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 951-4]
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- 2023
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36. Differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients: a monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential model-based DWI study
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Dan Liao, Yuan-Cheng Liu, Jiang-Yong Liu, Di Wang, and Xin-Feng Liu
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MRI ,Glioblastoma ,Pseudoprogression ,Tumour progression ,Diffusion-weighted imaging ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background To investigate the diagnostic performance of parameters derived from monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential diffusion-weighted imaging models in differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Methods Forty patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma exhibiting enhancing lesions after completion of chemoradiation therapy were enrolled in the study, which were then classified as tumour progression and pseudoprogression. All patients underwent conventional and multi-b diffusion-weighted MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from a monoexponential model, the true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) from a biexponential model, and the distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from a stretched-exponential model were compared between tumour progression and pseudoprogression groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic performance of different DWI parameters. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency of measurements. Results The values of ADC, D, DDC, and α values were lower in tumour progression patients than that in pseudoprogression patients (p
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- 2023
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37. Pseudoprogression Disease in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
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Zhu W, Wu L, Wu J, Lin S, Fang C, and Zhang H
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small cell lung cancer ,immunotherapy ,pseudoprogression ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Wanshan Zhu, Lexia Wu, Jiaming Wu, Sihong Lin, Cantu Fang, Huatang Zhang Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huatang Zhang, Email paul201503@163.comAbstract: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers and is on the rise annually. It is characterized by low differentiation, high malignancy, and rapid growth. Consequently, treatment options are limited, and the patient’s prognosis is poor. The emergence of immunotherapy has partially improved the survival and prognosis of SCLC patients. However, a unique response known as “pseudoprogression” during immunotherapy has raised concerns. The occurrence of tumor enlargement despite a positive response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy undoubtedly affects the assessment of clinical drug efficacy and the selection of subsequent treatment strategies. In this article, we analyze a clinical case of pseudoprogression in a patient with SCLC who received immune therapy (Durvalumab). Currently, there is insufficient evidence-based medicine to guide the diagnosis, differentiation and subsequent treatment strategies for pseudoprogression in SCLC following immunotherapy. Through this case report and literature review, we aim to provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the clinical use of immunotherapy in advanced SCLC. Additionally, we hope that fellow readers of this article can engage in further collaborative discussions through more clinical research.Keywords: small cell lung cancer, immunotherapy, pseudoprogression
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- 2023
38. Patterns of pseudoprogression across different cancer entities treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
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Sebastian Mönch, Maurice M. Heimer, Michael Winkelmann, Anne Guertler, Max Schlaak, Amanda Tufman, Najib Ben Khaled, Enrico de Toni, Christoph B. Westphalen, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Julien Dinkel, Philipp M. Kazmierczak, Michael Ingrisch, Nabeel Mansour, Marcus Unterrainer, Lucie Heinzerling, Jens Ricke, and Wolfgang G. Kunz
- Subjects
Immune Checkpoint inhibitors ,Pseudoprogression ,Cancer ,Atypical response patterns ,Immune related adverse events ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Pseudoprogression (PsPD) is a rare response pattern to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in oncology. This study aims to reveal imaging features of PsPD, and their association to other relevant findings. Methods Patients with PsPD who had at least three consecutive cross-sectional imaging studies at our comprehensive cancer center were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment response was assessed according to immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST). PsPD was defined as the occurrence of immune unconfirmed progressive disease (iUPD) without follow-up confirmation. Target lesions (TL), non-target lesions (NTL), new lesions (NL) were analyzed over time. Tumor markers and immune-related adverse events (irAE) were correlated. Results Thirty-two patients were included (mean age: 66.7 ± 13.6 years, 21.9% female) with mean baseline STL of 69.7 mm ± 55.6 mm. PsPD was observed in twenty-six patients (81.3%) at FU1, and no cases occurred after FU4. Patients with iUPD exhibited the following: TL increase in twelve patients, (37.5%), NTL increase in seven patients (21.9%), NL appearance in six patients (18.8%), and combinations thereof in four patients (12.5%). The mean and maximum increase for first iUPD in sum of TL was 19.8 and 96.8 mm (+ 700.8%). The mean and maximum decrease in sum of TL between iUPD and consecutive follow-up was − 19.1 mm and − 114.8 mm (-60.9%) respectively. The mean and maximum sum of new TL at first iUPD timepoint were 7.6 and 82.0 mm respectively. In two patients (10.5%), tumor-specific serologic markers were elevated at first iUPD, while the rest were stable or decreased among the other PsPD cases (89.5%). In fourteen patients (43.8%), irAE were observed. Conclusions PsPD occurred most frequently at FU1 after initiation of ICI treatment. The two most prevalent reasons for PsPD were TL und NTL progression, with an increase in TL diameter commonly below + 100%. In few cases, PsPD was observed even if tumor markers were rising compared to baseline. Our findings also suggest a correlation between PsPD and irAE. These findings may guide decision-making of ICI continuation in suspected PsPD.
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- 2023
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39. Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy in complex treatment of patients with intracranial pilocytic astrocytomas
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Yury Yu. Trunin, Andrey V. Golanov, Alexander N. Konovalov, Igor N. Pronin, Leonid B. Likhterman, and Ruslan I. Zagirov
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stereotactic irradiation ,radiosurgery ,pilocytic astrocytoma ,low grade gliomas ,pseudoprogression ,Internal medicine ,RC31-1245 - Abstract
The paper reports the analysis of the stereotactic irradiation outcomes in 430 patients with pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs), who underwent treatment in 2005–2018. The comprehensive approach to treatment of patients with intracranial pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) that includes surgical removal, drug therapy (mostly in young children) and radiation therapy, is justified. The paper defines the roles of stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy as the methods of choice used in the radiation therapy of patients with pilocytic astrocytomas. These methods show high conformity and selectivity, which is of special importance in patients with the PA localization in the functionally important structures.
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- 2023
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40. Validation of multiparametric MRI based prediction model in identification of pseudoprogression in glioblastomas
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Laiz Laura de Godoy, Suyash Mohan, Sumei Wang, MacLean P. Nasrallah, Yu Sakai, Donald M. O’Rourke, Stephen Bagley, Arati Desai, Laurie A. Loevner, Harish Poptani, and Sanjeev Chawla
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Glioblastoma ,Treatment response ,Multiparametric MRI ,Pseudoprogression ,Diffusion MR imaging ,Perfusion MR imaging ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Accurate differentiation of pseudoprogression (PsP) from tumor progression (TP) in glioblastomas (GBMs) is essential for appropriate clinical management and prognostication of these patients. In the present study, we sought to validate the findings of our previously developed multiparametric MRI model in a new cohort of GBM patients treated with standard therapy in identifying PsP cases. Methods Fifty-six GBM patients demonstrating enhancing lesions within 6 months after completion of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) underwent anatomical imaging, diffusion and perfusion MRI on a 3 T magnet. Subsequently, patients were classified as TP + mixed tumor (n = 37) and PsP (n = 19). When tumor specimens were available from repeat surgery, histopathologic findings were used to identify TP + mixed tumor (> 25% malignant features; n = 34) or PsP (
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- 2023
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41. Case Report: Long-term metabolic response of metastatic uveal melanoma to pembrolizumab on FDG-PET/CT despite a serial pseudoprogressions phenomenon
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Karim Amrane, Coline Le Meur, Philippe Thuillier, Jacques Dzuko Kamga, Pierre Alemany, Frederic Chauvelot, Clémence Niel, Alex Bellange, and Ronan Abgral
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uveal melanoma ,pembrolizumab ,FDG-PET ,immune checkpoint inhibition ,pseudoprogression ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UV) is a rare and aggressive melanoma with poor 1-year survival. up to 50% of UV patients develop metastases, mainly to the liver. Here, the authors present a 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) study of a very rare case of secondarily metastatic UV in an 81-year-old Caucasian with a dramatic response to pembrolizumab associated with serial pseudogression. 18F-FDG-PET associated with clinical status and peripheral blood derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) were performed to guide therapeutic strategy due to an atypical pseudoprogression phenomenon.
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- 2023
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42. Editorial: Case reports in breast cancer : 2022
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Nan Wang
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Pseudo-Meigs’ syndrome ,tamoxifen-associated acute pancreatitis ,pseudoprogression ,PET/CT ,Sacituzumab-govitecan ,PARP inhibitors ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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43. Circulating tumor DNA determining hyperprogressive disease after CAR-T therapy alarms in DLBCL: a case report and literature review
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Jiajie He, Rui Zou, Liqing Kang, Lingzi Yu, Peng Wang, Yang Shao, Junheng Liang, Depei Wu, Zhengming Jin, and Changju Qu
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hyperprogressive disease (HPD) ,circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) ,chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) ,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ,pseudoprogression ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) has been widely applied in the clinical practice of relapse/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) due to its promising effects. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) has gained attention for rapid tumor progression and has become a therapeutic and prognostic challenge. Here, we present a patient who had suffered from several recurrences previously and controlled well with a very small tumor lesion left was infused with CD19/CD22 bispecific CAR-T, with no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, or cytokine release syndrome observed. However, rapid deterioration, subsequent imaging examination, circulating tumor DNA, and serum biomarkers detection identified HPD. The patient did not respond to salvage treatment and died 40 days after infusion. To our knowledge, only one case of HPD in DLBCL after CAR-T therapy has been reported. This fatal case alarmed the risk of HPD and the ctDNA profile monitoring we used was performed as a non-invasive method to diagnose HPD, providing far-reaching practical instruction for CAR-T therapy.
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- 2023
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44. Radiomics: The New Promise for Differentiating Progression, Recurrence, Pseudoprogression, and Radionecrosis in Glioma and Glioblastoma Multiforme.
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Alizadeh, Mohammadreza, Broomand Lomer, Nima, Azami, Mobin, Khalafi, Mohammad, Shobeiri, Parnian, Arab Bafrani, Melika, and Sotoudeh, Houman
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- *
DISEASE progression , *GLIOMAS , *CANCER relapse , *METASTASIS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *CHEMORADIOTHERAPY , *POSITRON emission tomography , *RADIATION injuries , *COMPUTED tomography , *NEURORADIOLOGY , *TUMOR grading - Abstract
Simple Summary: Progression/recurrence, pseudoprogression, and radionecrosis are all scenarios that can be expected during the treatment course of glioma and GBM. Although MRI, PET, CT, and MRS have shown some capabilities in differentiating these conditions, there is still a considerable need for the emergence of state-of-the-art techniques to assist field professionals. Here, we introduce radiomics, a process that extracts many features from medical images using data characterization algorithms and a promising tool to differentiate these scenarios. The results could significantly impact patients' care by enhancing the understanding and accuracy of post-treatment follow-ups in brain cancer patients. Glioma and glioblastoma multiform (GBM) remain among the most debilitating and life-threatening brain tumors. Despite advances in diagnosing approaches, patient follow-up after treatment (surgery and chemoradiation) is still challenging for differentiation between tumor progression/recurrence, pseudoprogression, and radionecrosis. Radiomics emerges as a promising tool in initial diagnosis, grading, and survival prediction in patients with glioma and can help differentiate these post-treatment scenarios. Preliminary published studies are promising about the role of radiomics in post-treatment glioma/GBM. However, this field faces significant challenges, including a lack of evidence-based solid data, scattering publication, heterogeneity of studies, and small sample sizes. The present review explores radiomics's capabilities in following patients with glioma/GBM status post-treatment and to differentiate tumor progression, recurrence, pseudoprogression, and radionecrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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45. Undetected pseudoprogressions in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial: hints from postprogression survival and MRI analyses.
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Zeyen, Thomas, Paech, Daniel, Weller, Johannes, Schäfer, Niklas, Tzaridis, Theophilos, Duffy, Cathrina, Nitsch, Louisa, Schneider, Matthias, Potthoff, Anna-Laura, Steinbach, Joachim Peter, Hau, Peter, Schlegel, Uwe, Seidel, Clemens, Krex, Dietmar, Grauer, Oliver, Goldbrunner, Roland, Zeiner, Pia Susan, Tabatabai, Ghazaleh, Galldiks, Norbert, and Stummer, Walter
- Abstract
Purpose: In the randomized CeTeG/NOA-09 trial, lomustine/temozolomide (CCNU/TMZ) was superior to TMZ therapy regarding overall survival (OS) in MGMT promotor-methylated glioblastoma. Progression-free survival (PFS) and pseudoprogression rates (about 10%) were similar in both arms. Further evaluating this discrepancy, we analyzed patterns of postprogression survival (PPS) and MRI features at first progression according to modified RANO criteria (mRANO). Methods: We classified the patients of the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial according to long vs. short PPS employing a cut-off of 18 months and compared baseline characteristics and survival times. In patients with available MRIs and confirmed progression, the increase in T
1 -enhancing, FLAIR hyperintense lesion volume and the change in ADC mean value of contrast-enhancing tumor upon progression were determined. Results: Patients with long PPS in the CCNU/TMZ arm had a particularly short PFS (5.6 months). PFS in this subgroup was shorter than in the long PPS subgroup of the TMZ arm (11.1 months, p = 0.01). At mRANO-defined progression, patients of the CCNU/TMZ long PPS subgroup had a significantly higher increase of mean ADC values (p = 0.015) and a tendency to a stronger volumetric increase in T1 -enhancement (p = 0.22) as compared to long PPS patients of the TMZ arm. Conclusion: The combination of survival and MRI analyses identified a subgroup of CCNU/TMZ-treated patients with features that sets them apart from other patients in the trial: short first PFS despite long PPS and significant increase in mean ADC values upon mRANO-defined progression. The observed pattern is compatible with the features commonly observed in pseudoprogression suggesting mRANO-undetected pseudoprogressions in the CCNU/TMZ arm of CeTeG/NOA-09. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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46. Differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients: a monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential model-based DWI study.
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Liao, Dan, Liu, Yuan-Cheng, Liu, Jiang-Yong, Wang, Di, and Liu, Xin-Feng
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RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Background: To investigate the diagnostic performance of parameters derived from monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential diffusion-weighted imaging models in differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. Methods: Forty patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma exhibiting enhancing lesions after completion of chemoradiation therapy were enrolled in the study, which were then classified as tumour progression and pseudoprogression. All patients underwent conventional and multi-b diffusion-weighted MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from a monoexponential model, the true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) from a biexponential model, and the distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from a stretched-exponential model were compared between tumour progression and pseudoprogression groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic performance of different DWI parameters. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency of measurements. Results: The values of ADC, D, DDC, and α values were lower in tumour progression patients than that in pseudoprogression patients (p < 0.05). The values of D* and f were higher in tumour progression patients than that in pseudoprogression patients (p < 0.05). Diagnostic accuracy for differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression was highest for α(AUC = 0.94) than that for ADC (AUC = 0.91), D (AUC = 0.92), D* (AUC = 0.81), f (AUC = 0.75), and DDC (AUC = 0.88). Conclusions: Multi-b DWI is a promising method for differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the α derived from stretched-exponential model is the most promising DWI parameter for the prediction of tumour progression in glioblastoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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47. T2‐Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pseudoprogression in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy alone.
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Esparragosa Vazquez, Inés, Ndiaye, Mané, Di Stefano, Anna Luisa, Younan, Nadia, Larrieu‐Ciron, Delphine, Seyve, Antoine, Picart, Thiébaud, Meyronet, David, Boutet, Claire, Vassal, François, Carpentier, Catherine, Figarella‐Branger, Dominique, Dehais, Caroline, Forest, Fabien, Rivoirard, Romain, and Ducray, François
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- *
POSITRON emission tomography , *OLIGODENDROGLIOMAS , *ADJUVANT chemotherapy , *DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *CONTRAST-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Background: Pseudoprogression in gliomas has been extensively described after radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, but not after chemotherapy alone. Here we describe the occurrence of pseudoprogression in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with postoperative procarbazine, lomustine and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy alone. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical and radiological files of patients with 1p/19q codeleted, IDH‐mutant anaplastic oligodendrogliomas treated with PCV chemotherapy alone who presented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modifications suggestive of tumour progression and in whom the final diagnosis was a pseudoprogression. Results: We identified six patients. All patients underwent a surgical resection and were treated with PCV chemotherapy without radiotherapy. After a median of 11 months following the initiation of chemotherapy (range: 3–49 months), the patients developed asymptomatic white matter MRI modifications around the surgical cavity leading to the suspicion of a tumour progression. These modifications appeared as hyperintense on T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence, hypointense on T1 sequence, and lacked mass effect (0/6), contrast enhancement (0/6), restriction on diffusion‐weighted imaging (0/4), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) increase on perfusion MRI (0/4), and hypermetabolism on 18F‐fluoro‐L‐dopa positron emission tomography (18F‐DOPA PET) scan (0/3). One patient underwent a surgical resection demonstrating no tumour recurrence; the five other patients were considered as having post‐therapeutic modifications based on imaging characteristics. After a median follow‐up of 4 years all patients were progression‐free. Conclusions: Anaplastic oligodendroglioma patients treated with postoperative PCV chemotherapy alone occasionally develop T2/FLAIR hyperintensities around the surgical cavity that can wrongly suggest tumour progression. Multimodal imaging and close follow‐up should be considered in this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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48. Disease Assessments in Patients with Glioblastoma.
- Author
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Phillips, Kester A., Kamson, David O., and Schiff, David
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: The neuro-oncology team faces a unique challenge when assessing treatment response in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the standard imaging modality for measuring therapeutic response in both clinical practice and clinical trials. However, even for the neuroradiologist, MRI interpretations are not straightforward because of tumor heterogeneity, as evidenced by varying degrees of enhancement, infiltrating tumor patterns, cellular densities, and vasogenic edema. The situation is even more perplexing following therapy since treatment-related changes can mimic viable tumor. Additionally, antiangiogenic therapies can dramatically decrease contrast enhancement giving the false impression of decreasing tumor burden. Over the past few decades, several approaches have emerged to augment and improve visual interpretation of glioblastoma response to therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the state of the art for evaluating the response of glioblastoma to standard therapies and investigational agents as well as challenges and future directions for assessing treatment response in neuro-oncology. Recent Findings: Monitoring glioblastoma responses to standard therapy and novel agents has been fraught with many challenges and limitations over the past decade. Excitingly, new promising methods are emerging to help address these challenges. Recently, the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) working group proposed an updated response criteria (RANO 2.0) for the evaluation of all grades of glial tumors regardless of IDH status or therapies being evaluated. In addition, advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as histogram analysis, parametric response maps, morphometric segmentation, radio pharmacodynamics approaches, and the integrating of amino acid radiotracers in the tumor evaluation algorithm may help resolve equivocal lesion interpretations without operative intervention. Moreover, the introduction of other techniques, such as liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence could complement conventional visual assessment of glioblastoma response to therapies. Summary: Neuro-oncology has evolved over the past decade and has achieved significant milestones, including the establishment of new standards of care, emerging therapeutic options, and novel clinical, translational, and basic research. More recently, the integration of histopathology with molecular features for tumor classification has marked an important paradigm shift in brain tumor diagnosis. In a similar manner, treatment response monitoring in neuro-oncology has made considerable progress. While most techniques are still in their inception, there is an emerging body of evidence for clinical application. Further research will be critically important for the development of impactful breakthroughs in this area of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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49. Pseudoprogression; discussion of the concept of pseudoprogression on the characteristics of tomographic changes in liver metastases of colorectal cancer patients receiving bevacizumab therapy.
- Author
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Akdur, Pinar Ozdemir, Ciledag, Nazan, Savran, Burcu, and Duran, Ayse Ocak
- Subjects
BEVACIZUMAB ,COLORECTAL cancer ,CANCER treatment ,CANCER chemotherapy ,FOLINIC acid - Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the concept of pseudoprogression in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases receiving bevacizumab treatment by considering the changes in the shape, size, and density of liver metastases by abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) scans taken before and after treatment. This study is a retrospective evaluation of 16 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and bevacizumab and is based on computed tissue analysis of the dominant liver lesion at baseline and 2 months after chemotherapy. The borders of all metastatic lesions observed in the livers of patients treated with bevacizumab after adjuvant chemotherapy were sharpened, the size of some lesions remained the same while others increased, and the density of most metastatic lesions decreased. In our study, we concluded that the evaluation of response to treatment based only on size and number should be avoided by noting a pseudoprogression in liver metastases that shows an increase in size but no progression on clinical/laboratory and follow-up images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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50. Pseudoprogression of thoracic tumor after radiotherapy in the era of immunotherapy: a case series.
- Author
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Yongbo Xiang, Wei Tang, Jianyang Wang, Zhijie Wang, and Nan Bi
- Subjects
CENTRAL nervous system tumors ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,RADIOTHERAPY ,TUMOR markers ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
Pseudoprogression is rarely mentioned after radiotherapy except for central nervous system tumors. With the widespread of immunotherapy, the incidence of pseudoprogression of thoracic tumor after radiotherapy is increasing. This study summarized the clinical features of pseudoprogression in 4 patients who had underwent thoracic radiotherapy after and/or followed by immunotherapy. All of them had received chemotherapy and immunotherapy before thoracic radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, pseudoprogression occurred within 3 months after initiation of immune consolidation/rechallenge therapy. At least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions were measured on their chest image. During this period, patients' ECOG PS scores remained stable, specific serum tumor markers did not increase significantly. Treatment strategies did not change after pseudoprogression. The causes of radiographic pseudoprogression in this case series may be attributed to disturbances such as pneumonitis, atelectasis, mucus blockages and infection. In the era of immunotherapy, pseudoprogression of thoracic tumors after chest radiotherapy might become a common phenomenon. It is important for us to identify pseudoprogression based on patient's general status, radiological changes, and laboratory tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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