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Background : Pharmaceutical services in Brazil provide access, supply, and rational use of drugs for all population and an effort has been made to improve the quality of these services. Biological drugs are high - cost drugs supplied in Brazil t hat can inhibit disease progression and improve the quality of life of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients. However, some patients did not achieve the rapeutic goals. Objective : T o evaluate the medication adherence and persistence of PsA patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti - TNF) drugs and their associated factors. Methods : A prospective observational study was performed at a single - specialty pharmacy in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Medication adherenc e, persistence, and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 12 months of follow - up. Medication persistence was historically compared to overall PsA patients treated in Brazil. Associated factors were identified through log - binomial regression. Results : One hu ndred ninety - seven PsA patients were included in the study, of whom 147 (74.6%) and 142 (72.1%) had medication adherence and persistence, respectively. Patients treated with infliximab presented the highest adherence (90.5%) and persist ence rate (95.2%) in comparison to patients treated with other drugs, except for adalimumab versus infliximab for adherence outcome. All clinical measures significantly improved in patients with medication adherence and persistence. Medication persistence was hi gher for patie nts attended by specialty pharmacy than other PsA patients in Brazil. The associated factors to higher medication adherence w ere lower disease activity by BASDAI, being non - white race, and intravenous drug use. The associated factors to higher medication p ersistence were lower disease activity by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI), intravenous drug use, non - use of corticoids and non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs, and comorbidity. Conclusions : Patients with medication adherence and pers istence had significant improvements in clinical measures, functionality, and quality of life. High medication adherence and persistence to biological therapy were observed and associated with lesser dis ease activity at baseline. Also, medication persisten ce to PsA patients attended in specialty pharmacy was higher than the overall PsA population in Brazil, which indicates the importance of pharmaceutical services to provide health care and promote the effect iveness and safety of biological therapies.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Objective: To map the clinical pharmacy services conducted in Brazil, their characteristics, outcomes, and process measures in general population, as well as the assessment of the clinical impact on people with cardiometabolic diseases (cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases). Methods: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis were conducted. The electronic searches were re-run in March 2020. To the clinical impact assessment, meta-analyses of cardiometabolic outcomes (i.e., change of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glycemia, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol) were led. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration tools. Results: 71 studies were identified (7,402 patients), being the majority quasi-experimental studies (n=41) and published by research groups of Southeast Brazil (n=33). Medication therapy management (n=62) was the most frequent clinical pharmacy service, performed on outpatient setting (n=45), with adults or elderly people (n=58) with hypertension (n=18) or diabetes (n=10). Process measures (n=58) (e.g. resolution of drug related-problem) were widely used as indicator, followed by clinical (n=44) (e.g. change in SBP), humanistic (n=12) (e.g. change in quality-of-life score assessed by Short-Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire), and economic outcomes (n=3) (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for reduction in HbA1c). Regarding the assessment of clinical impact of the services, 20 studies were included in meta-analyses, showing improvement in most cardiometabolic outcomes when considered individual studies. However, the evidence presents high risk of bias, high heterogeneity (median 67-90%) and imprecision, contributing to wide prediction intervals and low reliability. Conclusions: A predominance of studies on cardiometabolic diseases, process measures, and clinical outcomes were identified. Considering the assessment of the clinical impact of clinical pharmacy services in cardiometabolic diseases, an improvement in most cardiometabolic outcomes was showed, however, with low confidence and wide prediction interval. Therefore, development of larger studies with low risk of bias and major homogeneity is necessary for a better comprehension of clinical pharmacy service characteristics, benefits, and the population groups most benefited. Department of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. It is imperative to adopt an integrated strategy, which involves a close collaboration between the patient and a multidisciplinary team of which pharmacists should be integral elements. Objective: This work aims to identify and summarize the main effects of interventions carried out by clinical pharmacists in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes, considering clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes. Methods: PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of such interventions compared with usual care that took place in hospitals or outpatient facilities. Results: This review included 39 studies, involving a total of 5,474 participants. Beneficial effects were observed on various clinical outcomes such as glycemia, blood pressure, lipid profile, body mass index and coronary heart disease risk. For the following parameters, the range for the difference in change from baseline to final follow-up between the intervention and control groups was: HbA1c, -0.05% to -2.1%; systolic blood pressure, +3.45 mmHg to -10.6 mmHg; total cholesterol, +10.06 mg/dL to -32.48 mg/dL; body mass index, +0.6 kg/m2 to -1.94 kg/m2; and coronary heart disease risk, -3.0% and -12.0% (among the studies that used Framinghan prediction method). The effect on medication adherence and health-related quality of life was also positive. In the studies that performed an economic evaluation, the interventions proved to be economically viable. Conclusions: These findings support and encourage the integration of clinical pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams, underlining their role in improving the management of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Syrian refugees residing in Jordan suffer from chronic illnesses, low quality of life (QoL) and anxiety. Pharmacists delivering the medication review service can have a role in improving this growing worldwide problem. Objectives: To assess the effect of the medication review service on QoL and anxiety scores for Syrian refugees living with chronic medical conditions. Methods: This randomized single-blinded intervention control study was conducted in Jordan. Syrian refugees were recruited and randomized into intervention and control groups. Two home visits were organized with each participant, at baseline and three months later. The medication review service was delivered to the participants and questionnaires regarding QoL and anxiety were completed by all participants. As a part of the medication review service, drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified by a clinical pharmacist for all patients, but recommendations to resolve these DRPs were delivered to intervention group refugees' physicians only (control group patients did not receive this part of the service till the end of the study); DRPs were corrected and pharmacist-delivered counseling and education were provided as well. At follow-up, DRPs assessment, QoL and anxiety scores were assessed for refugees in the intervention and control groups. Results: Syrian refugees (n=106) were recruited and randomized into intervention (n=53) and control (n=53) groups with no significant difference between both groups at baseline. The number of medications and diagnosed chronic diseases per participant was 5.8 (SD 2.1) and 2.97 (SD 1.16), respectively. At follow-up, a significant decrease in the number of DRPs for refugees in the intervention group was found (from 600 to 182, p

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life and the factors associated with it among community pharmacists in Lebanon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July 2018, enrolling 435 pharmacists, using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. The validated Arabic translation of the Short-Form 12 (SF12v2) was used to derive 2 summary scores: physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS). Results: Lebanese community pharmacists scored a mean PCS-12 and MCS-12 of 48.9 (SD 7.1) and 48.8 (SD 8.5), respectively. Higher age (Beta= -0.08), having a PhD degree (Beta= -4.54), higher depression score (Beta= -0.25), higher emotional work fatigue (Beta= -0.13) and higher physical work fatigue (Beta=-0.14) were significantly associated with lower physical QoL (lower PCS-12 scores). Increased stress (Beta= -0.17), higher insomnia (Beta= -0.21), higher depression (Beta= -0.2) and working for over 40 hours per week (Beta= -0.2) were significantly associated with lower mental QoL (lower mental MCS-12 scores). Conclusions: Our research has found a strong correlation between quality of life and psychological factors, including stress, burnout, insomnia, and depression among community pharmacists.

Background: Community pharmacists have a key role to play in the management of allergic rhinitis (AR). Their role is especially important because the majority of medications used to treat AR are available for purchase over-the-counter (OTC), allowing patients to self-select their own medications and bypass the pharmacists. Patients’ self-selection often results in suboptimal treatment selection, undertreated AR and poor clinical outcomes. In order for pharmacists to optimise the care for AR patients in the pharmacy, pharmacists need to be able to identify patient cohorts who self-select and are at high risk of mismanagement. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the demographics, clinical characteristics and medication selected, between pharmacy customers who choose to self-select and those who speak with a pharmacist when purchasing medication for their AR in a community pharmacy and identify factors associated with AR patients’ medication(s) self-selection behaviour. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a convenience sample of community pharmacies from the Sydney metropolitan area. Demographics, pattern of AR symptoms, their impact on quality of life (QOL) and medication(s) selected, were collected. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with participants’ medication self-selection behaviour. Results: Of the 296 recruited participants, 202 were identified with AR; 67.8% were female, 54.5% were >40 years of age, 64.9% had a doctor’s diagnosis of AR, and 69.3% self-selected medication(s). Participants with AR who self-select were 4 times more likely to experience moderate-severe wheeze (OR 4.047, 95% CI 1.155-14.188) and almost 0.4 times less likely to experience an impact of AR symptoms on their QOL (OR 0.369, 95% CI 0.188-0.727). Conclusions: The factors associated with AR patients’ self-selecting medication(s) are the presence of wheeze and the absence of impact on their QOL due to AR symptoms. By identifying this cohort of patients, our study highlights an opportunity for pharmacists to engage these patients and encourage discussion about their AR and asthma management.

International audience; BACKGROUND: In a placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01900743), regorafenib improved progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with doxorubicin-pretreated advanced nonadipocytic sarcoma. A quality-adjusted time without symptoms of progression or toxicity (Q-TWiST) post hoc exploratory analysis was applied to provide an integrated measure of its clinical benefit.METHODS: In the base-case analysis, each patient's overall survival (OS) was partitioned into 3 mutually exclusive health states: the time with a grade 3 or 4 adverse event (TOX), the time without symptoms of disease or grade 3 or 4 toxicity from treatment, and the time after tumor progression or relapse. The time spent in each state was weighted with a health-state utility associated with that state and was summed to calculate the Q-TWiST. The stability of the base-case analysis was explored with several sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: In nonadipocytic sarcoma, the PFS was (4.0 months [2.6-5.5 months] with regorafenib vs 1.0 month [0.9-1.8 months] with a placebo; hazard ratio, 0.36 [0.25-0.53]; P < .0001); the OS was 13.4 months (8.6-17.3 months) with regorafenib and 9.0 months (6.8-12.5 months) with a placebo (hazard ratio, 0.67 [0.44-1.02]). With the classic definition of TOX (including all grade 3 and 4 clinical adverse events), the Q-TWiSTs were 8.0 months (7.0-9.0 months) with regorafenib and 5.7 months (4.9-6.4 months) with a placebo (P

Background: Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases with a high prevalence in Jordan. No previous studies have been carried out to determine the effect of the presence of drug-related problems (DRPs) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among hypertensive patients. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of different types of DRPs on the HRQOL of hypertensive patients. Methods: A total of 200 hypertensive patients were recruited in this cross-sectional correlation study that was conducted across the cardiac outpatient clinic at Jordan University Hospital. Ethical approval was obtained and patients were recruited using convenience sampling technique. During the study period, patients’ data was used to evaluate their quality of life using RAND-12 scale and to identify DRPs utilizing a systematic evidence based approach. Results: 200 hypertensive patients (mean age 59.7 years (SD=10.2)) were recruited in this study. Patients showed a poor quality of life on both the physical and mental domains of the RAND-12 scale. The average number of DRPs was 5.1 (SD=2.3). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that among DRPs categories, non-adherence to medications, non-adherence to non-pharmacological therapies and inadequate knowledge about medications were among the main predictors of the poor physical domain of the RAND-12 (Beta= -0.149, -0.226 and -0.230 respectively, p-value < 0.05 for all). On the other hand, only non-adherence to medication and non-adherence to non-pharmacological therapies were significantly associated with poor mental domain of the RAND-12 (Beta= -0.208 and -0.191 respectively, p-value < 0.05 for both). Conclusion: Prevalence of DRPs among hypertensive patients is a concern that needs attention. These DRPs were associated with poor HRQOL on both the physical and mental domain of the RAND-12 scale. The pharmaceutical care service delivered by pharmacists is needed to identify, prevent and resolve DRPs, which may improve patients HRQOL.

Objective To determine if a pharmacist assisted psychiatric clinic would improve adherence to medications and quality of life over 6 months. The primary study endpoints were the change from baseline in Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Brief Evaluation of Medication Influences and Beliefs (BEMIB), World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scales as well as hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Secondary endpoints included metabolic and physiologic parameters. Methods A prospective, single-center study conducted at an outpatient psychiatric clinic. Subjects were required to attend 3 clinic visits (baseline, 3 and 6 months) with the pharmacist. Subject and medication histories were obtained at each visit. Subjects’ records within the local health system were reviewed for emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Metabolic parameters were assessed at each visit. Results Twenty-seven subjects enrolled and twenty subjects completed. Total MARS score at baseline and study end were 7.90 and 8.65, respectively. At baseline, 10 (50%) were nonadherent based on the BEMIB and 9 (45%) were nonadherent at 6 months. Statistically significant improvements were seen in 2 domains of the WHOQOL-BREF. Reductions in both ER visits and hospitalizations were achieved. There were significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL. Conclusions Improvements were seen in two domains of the WHOQOL-BREF – physical capacity and psychological well-being over the 6 month period. While improvements were seen in various rating scales, due to small sample sizes, these were insignificant improvements. Reductions in hospitalizations and ER visits were also seen during the study and up to 6 months post study. Statistically significant improvements were also seen in both total cholesterol and LDL. The lack of improvement in many of the study outcomes reflects the difficulty of the mental health population to adhere to treatment recommendations; but also underscores the need for continued research in this area. This pilot demonstrates the pharmacist’s ability to provide comprehensive medication management services to the psychiatric outpatient.

*End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a growing problem. The effect of patient counseling is to be defined on health-related quality of life. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of patient counseling in health related quality of life (QoL). Methods: In this prospective interventional study, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) for QoL questionnaire was used in test and control groups for data collection. The same data collection method was used during six months to study the effect of patient counseling. Results: Health related quality of life in test group showed a consistent improvement of 2% in six months. Improvement of awareness by patient counseling was also improved. Conclusion: As part of medication therapy management (MTM), patient counseling focusing on dialysis compliance, diet and medications are an effective way to improve health-related QoL and awareness in ESRD. Such services should be made mandatory by law in India to improve outcomes in chronic illness.

The purpose of this one-year observational study was to evaluate quality of life in patients at the Medical University of South Carolina Family Medicine clinic who were followed by a clinical pharmacist diabetes educator. Methods: Patients who have been seen by the clinical pharmacist for diabetes education and management services were contacted by telephone and asked to complete a previously validated Diabetes-related Quality of Life (DRQL) survey. In addition, the patient's most recent hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, fasting lipid panel and aspirin use were obtained from the electronic medical record. Correlation and logistic regression analysis was completed in order to assess the quality of life score and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 47 patients completed the survey (37%). The median overall score was 1 (1-very satisfied; 5-very dissatisfied). Patients who were more satisfied with their current treatment tended to have lower LDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) values (r=0.32, 0.3, 0.33; p=0.03, 0.03, 0.02). In addition, patients taking more medications were more dissatisfied with the amount of time spent managing their disease (r=0.29, p=0.04), felt more pain associated with the treatment of their disease (r=0.32, p=0.02), and were more worried that their body looked different as a result of their diabetes (r=0.32, p=0.02). Conclusion: Patients in this clinic were highly satisfied with their quality of life. The authors found that trends exist for relationships between several important clinical parameters and quality of life. El objetivo de este estudio observacional de un año fue evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes en la clínica de medicina familiar de la Universidad de Carolina del Sur que eran seguidos por un farmacéutico clínico educador de diabetes. Métodos: Se contactó por teléfono a los pacientes que habían sido vistos por el farmacéutico clínico para su educación en diabetes y la gestión de servicios, y se les pidió que completasen un cuestionario previamente validado del Diabetes.related Quality of Life (DRQL). Además, se obtuvieron de la historia clínica los valores más recientes de hemoglobina A1C, presión arterial, perfil lipídico en ayunas y uso de aspirina. Se realizó un análisis de correlaciones y de regresión logística para evaluar la puntuación de calidad de vida y los resultados clínicos. Resultados: Un total de 47 pacientes completaron el estudio (37%). La mediana de la puntuación global fue de 1 (1-muy satisfecho; 5-muy insatisfecho). Los pacientes más satisfechos con su tratamiento actual tendían a tener menores valores de LDL, presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (r=0.32, 0.3, 0.33; p=0.03, 0.03, 0.02). Además, los pacientes que toman más medicamentos estaban más insatisfechos con el tiempo empleado en cuidar de su enfermedad (r=0.29, p=0.04), sentían más dolor asociado al tratamiento de su enfermedad (r=0.32, p=0.02), y estaban más preocupados de que su cuerpo pareciese diferente por causa de la diabetes (r=0.32, p=0.02). Conclusión: Los pacientes de esta clínica estaban altamente satisfechos con su calidad de vida. Los autores encontraron que existen tendencias de las relaciones entre varios parámetros clínicos importantes y la calidad de vida.

Objective: This pilot, twelve-week, open-label study examined the effect of clozapine orally disintegrating tablet or ODT in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder utilizing Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) as a long-term outcome measurement tool. Methods: The final study sample consisted of nineteen subjects who were residents a long-term care psychiatric facility in Pomona, California. Subjects were using clozapine ODT (FazaClo®) at the most clinically effective dosage depending on their symptoms and at the discretion of the psychiatrist and psychopharm consultant. PANSS were administered at baseline, week-4, week-8 and week-12. Paired sample t-tests were used to calculate the statistical significance of the mean differences for scores at baseline and week-12. Results: Mean differences from baseline indicated significant improvement on total score, as well as positive, negative, cognitive and general psychopathology subscales after twelve weeks of treatment. The greater average reduction in the negative syndrome subscale across the twelve weeks possibly illustrates the ability of clozapine ODT in improving negative symptoms, including cognitive function which is their ability to participate in their personal care and creative expressions in dance, arts, games, poetry to a greater extent their overall, quality of life and living along with the effect on positive symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, clozapine proved to affect a broad range of psychopathology including cognitive functions in this schizophrenic sample. Objetivo: Este estudio piloto de 12 semanas examinó el efecto de comprimidos oralmente dispersables (OD) de clozapina en pacientes con esquizofrenia o desordenes esquizo-afectivos utilizando la escala Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) como herramienta de medida de resultados. Métodos: La muestra final de estudio consistió en 19 individuos que residían en una clínica siquiátrica de larga estancia en Pomona, California. Los individuos estaban utilizando clozapina OD (FazaClo®) a la dosis más efectiva clínicamente dependiendo de sus síntomas y a discreción del psiquiatra y el consultor psicofarmacéutico. Se administró el PANS Sal inicio, en las emana 4, semana 8 y semana 12. Se utilizaron t-test apareados para calcular la significación estadística de las diferencias de las medias para las puntuaciones basales y en la semana 12. Resultados: Las diferencias medias del valor inicial indicaron mejora significativa en la puntuación total, así como en las subescalas positiva, negativa y de psicopatología general después de 12 semanas de tratamiento. La mayor media de reducción en la subescala negativa tras las 12 semanas posiblemente ilustra la capacidad de la clozapina OD para mejorar los síntomas negativos, incluyendo la función cognitiva que es la capacidad de participare n su cuidado personal y las expresiones creativa sen baile, arte, juegos, poesía y en mayor escalas u calidad de vida general ye l sobrellevar los efectos en los síntomas positivos. Conclusión: En general, la clozapina demostró afectar un amplio margen del a psicopatología, que incluye las funciones cognitiva sen esta muestra de esquizofrénicos.

This study aims to assess the influence of type 2 diabetes on the patients’ productivity and quality of life. The WHO’s methodology - HLQ (Health and Labor Questionnaire) is applied. Subjects were 38 patients with type 2 diabetes, diagnosed and treated at the Clinical center on endocrinology at the MU-Specialized hospital center for active treatment-Sofia. Control consisted of 100 patients without diabetes. The results from the study proofs the fact that the patients with type 2 diabetes manage with their day-to-day activities like their colleagues and even better, but they absent from work because of: their illness, experiencing fatigue and insomnia, pain in hands, legs, joints and muscles. They receive hospital treatment because of the insufficient control on their treatment and the advanced diabetes complications. The application of the Osterhaus method establishes that type 2 diabetes is connected with the excess illness-related work loss and with more often "medically related absences". These do not lead to significant indirect productivity costs because these patients are with lower income. The cumulative costs from the sporadic work loss during their whole life are even greater, because of the increased spread of the disease, suboptimum treatment, and many complications and prolonged life duration thanks to the contemporary medicine. Este estudio intenta evaluar la influencia de la diabetes tipo 2 sobre la productividad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se aplicó la metodología de la OMS - Cuestionario Salud y Trabajo). Los sujetos fueron 38 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, diagnosticados y tratados en el servicio médico de endocrinología del Hospital Especializado MU para tratamientos activos de Sofía (Bulgaria). El control consistió en 100 pacientes son diabetes. Los resultaos prueban que el hecho de que los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 realizan sus actividades diarias como sus colegas e incluso mejor, pero se ausentan del trabajo a causa de: su enfermedad; experimentar fatiga e insomnio; dolor de manos, piernas articulaciones y músculos. Reciben tratamiento hospitalario a causa de control insatisfactorio de su tratamiento; y avance de las complicaciones de la diabetes. La aplicación del método Osterhaus establece que la diabetes tipo 2 esta asociada con excesiva perdida de trabajo relacionada con la enfermedad y con "ausencias relacionadas con médicos" más frecuentes. Esto no lleva a significativos costes de productividad indirectos porque estos pacientes son los de más bajos ingresos. Los costes acumulativos de las pérdidas esporádicas de trabajo durante toda su vida son mayores, por la mayor extensión de la enfermedad, tratamiento no idóneo, y muchas complicaciones y aumento de duración de la vida debido a la medicina moderna.